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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 1985-1990 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 1990 (1995), we proposed a particularly simple four-domain (4-D) twisted nematic(TN) liquid crystal display(LCD) device, which is composed of two left-handed and two right-handed TN subpixels. The two members of each pair of same handedness subpixels are rotated 180° with respect to each other, resulting in four domains that spatially average one another optically to provide a wide angle of viewing with no gray scale inversion. The optical performance of the 4-D TN LCD was confirmed by studies of a test cell fabricated by a two-step SiOx oblique evaporation technique. In this article, we report the realization of our four-domain TN display by a reverse rubbing technique that should be suitable for mass production in the display industry. The optical simulation of our 4-D TN cell was performed and the effect of disclinations at subpixel boundaries on display contrast investigated. A simple model was developed to evaluate the stability of our 4-D structure. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 45 (1953), S. 2549-2552 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2588-2590 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A structure for an electro-optically controlled liquid crystal diffraction grating is proposed, which can dramatically simplify the fabrication process of liquid crystal optical gratings. The structure consists of two alternating stripes. Each stripe is a hybrid liquid crystal cell with adjacent stripes oriented perpendicularly. This kind of electro-optically controlled diffraction grating in principle gives 100% diffraction efficiency and no polarization direction dependence. The detailed fabrication process is presented. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1990-1992 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A particularly simple four-domain (4-D) twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal display (LCD) device is proposed, which is composed of two left-handed TN and two right-handed TN subpixels. One of each pair of same handedness subpixels is rotated 180° with respect to the other, resulting in four domains that spatially average one another optically to provide a wide angle of viewing with no gray scale inversion. The detailed fabrication process is presented for a two step SiOx oblique evaporation technique used to realize this 4-D TN LCD. A reverse rubbed polyamide fabrication process has also been successfully used and will be presented in the full length article. Here we present the complete viewing angle and contrast ratio data for a simple and successful 4-D TN LCD cell. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 51 (1987), S. 1376-1378 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetization and critical magnetization current densities of sinter-forged YBa2Cu3O7−δ samples of nearly theoretical density have been studied. The magnetization curves can be well fitted by Kim's critical state equation Jc(B)=α/(B0+B) with a flat plate geometry. The results revealed an anisotropy in the lower critical field and the critical current density with respect to the forging axis. The deduced critical current density in the favorable direction is larger than the value of isotropic polycrystalline samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 885-887 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Radially and azimuthally oriented liquid crystal (LC) alignment patterns, which are hard to achieve by conventional LC alignment techniques, have been realized by exposure of polyimide surfaces to linearly polarized ultraviolet radiation. These surfaces can be used to realize some special LC configurations which are useful for LC basic research and applications. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 34 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A mesoscale meteorological model, a surface hydrology model, and a ground-water hydrology model are linked to simulate the hydrographic response of a large river basin to a single storm. Synoptic climatology is employed to choose a representative hydro-climatic event. The mesoscale meteorological model uses three nested domains to simulate relatively high-resolution precipitation over a sub-basin of the Susquehanna River Basin. The hydrology models simulate surface runoff and ground-water baseflow using both analyzed and simulated precipitation. The hydrologic abstractions are handled using both Curve Number and Green-Ampt routines. To support the linkage of the numerical models, special attention is given to data resampling and reprojection.The mesoscale meteorological model simulation captures the spatial and temporal structure of the storm event, while the hydrology models represent the timing of the event well. The Curve Number method generates a realistic hydrograph with both analyzed and simulated precipitation. In contrast, the hydrographic response generated by the Green-Ampt routine is inferior. Several interrelated factors contribute to these results, including: the nature of the precipitation event chosen for the experiment; the tendency of the mesoscale meteorological model to underpredict low intensity, widespread precipitation in this case; and the influence of the surface soil-texture characteristics on infiltration rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 33 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The meteorology flood hydroclimatolog and socioeconomic impacts of the Flood of January 1996 in the Susquehanna River Basin are explored. The analysis explains how an unusual storm system brought high humidities, high temperatures, strong winds, and heavy rain to the basin. The rapid melt of the deep snowpack, combined with the heavy rainfall, produced the sudden release of large volumes of water. Because the ground surface was frozen or saturated, this water moved primarily as overland flow. Thus, the flood waters were not restricted to areas immediately adjacent to stream channels and, consequently, some of the largest impacts were on people, property, and infrastructure in areas not normally prone to flooding. Socioeconomic patterns of flooding over time and space are investigated to put this flood into context and to highlight its impacts. The analysis concludes that if such overland flooding is a more common feature of climate change, then the current vulnerability to this form of flooding and its economic implications must be considered carefully.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 76 (1958), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 46 (2001), S. 667-702 
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Control of grasshoppers and locusts has traditionally relied on synthetic insecticides, and for emergency situations this is unlikely to change. However, a growing awareness of the environmental issues associated with acridid control as well as the high costs of emergency control are expanding the demand for biological control. In particular, preventive, integrated control strategies with early interventions will reduce the financial and environmental costs associated with large-scale plague treatments. The recent development of effective oil formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae spores in Africa, Australia, and Brazil opens new possibilities for environmentally safe control operations. Metarhizium biopesticide kills 70%-90% of treated locusts within 14-20 days, with no measurable impact on nontarget organisms. An integrated pest management strategy, with an emphasis on the use of Metarhizium, that incorporates rational use of chemical pesticides with biological options such as the microsporidian Nosema locustae and the hymenopteran egg parasitoids Scelio spp., has become a realistic option.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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