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  • 1
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Solar gamma ray and neutron observations (1972)
    Garching bei München
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: SR 90.1026(77)
    In: MPE-Report
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 23 S.
    Series Statement: Max-Planck-Institut für Physik und Astrophysik, Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik 77
    Language: English
    Location: Magazine - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of solar gamma ray continuum between 360 keV and 7 MeV on August 4, 1972 (1975)
    Springer
    Solar physics 43 (1975), S. 415-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements were made of the time-averaged gamma ray energy loss spectrum in the energy range 360 keV to 7 MeV by the gamma ray detector on the OSO-7 satellite during the 3B flare on August 4, 1972. The differential photon spectrum unfolded from this spectrum after subtracting the background spectrum and contributions from gamma ray lines is best described by a power law with spectral index of 3.4±0.3 between 360–700 keV and by an exponential law of the form exp (-E/E 0) with E 0 = 1.0±0.1 MeV above 700 keV. It is suggested that this spectrum is due to nonthermal electron bremsstrahlung from a population of electrons, with a strong break in the spectrum at 2 MeV. Since the observational data indicates that the matter number density must be n H ⩾ 5 × 1010 cm-3 in the production region, the number of electrons above 100 keV required to explain the results is ⩽2 × 1034.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00152365
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral feature of 31 December 1981 γ -ray burst not confirmed (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 311 (1984), S. 360-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Annihilation lines have been reported in 5% of the bursts observed by the Konus instruments from 1978 to 19821'3. The typical emission features observed by Konus are centred at 400-450 keV and have widths of -200 keV (FWHM). The strong feature in the 5 March 1979 burst2 fits this description; ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/311360a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solar Gamma Ray Lines observed during the Solar Activity of August 2 to August 11, 1972 (1973)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 241 (1973), S. 333-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The gamma ray monitor1 consists of a shielded 3 inch by 3 inch Nal(TJ) crystal located in the rotating wheel compartment of OSO-7. Two pulse height spectra are accumulated simultaneously in the solar and background quadrants (Fig. 1) over - 90 wheel rotations in a 377-channel quadratic2 pulse ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/241333a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 154-day periodicity in the occurrence of hard solar flares? (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 312 (1984), S. 623-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The SMM satellite was launched into a near-circular orbit with an inclination of 28.5 and an altitude of 570 km. The orbit processes, relative to the Earth-Sun line, with a period of -48 days. Because of the decay of the orbit, the period of revolution has decreased. In November 1980, the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/312623a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous acceleration of electrons and ions in solar flares (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 305 (1983), S. 291-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It has been assumed that the most likely acceleration process for electrons and ions in solar flares involves two phases1. In the first phase, only electrons are accelerated which produce the well-observed impulsive hard X-ray emissions at energies lt;100 keV. This phase also provides the particle ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/305291a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accelerator measurement of NaI response to medium energy neutrons and application to a Satellite-Borne Spectrometer (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental astronomy 2 (1992), S. 233-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9508
    Keywords: neutrons ; scintillators ; radiation detectors ; solar flares
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on the response of a prototype detector to medium energy neutrons. The neutrons were produced by n-p scattering of a neutron beam on a hydrogen target. The measurements provide unique data on the efficiency and response of large NaI scintillators to neutrons in the energy range 36–709 MeV. We apply the results to the high-energy mode of the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (GRS) on the Solar Maximum Mission satellite by estimating its efficiency for neutron detection. This estimate is compared to earlier Monte Carlo calculations of the GRS efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00420578
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upper limit for the solar neutron flux in the energy interval 20–120 MeV (1969)
    Springer
    Solar physics 6 (1969), S. 339-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An experiment has been performed to search for the existence of a flux of solar neutrons at the earth using a detector sensitive to neutrons in the energy region 20–120 MeV. The instrument was carried by balloon to an atmospheric depth of ≈ 4 g/cm2, from Palestine, Texas on the morning of November 2, 1967 and flown through sunrise and for about 7 hours into the day. Numerous flares of importance 1B or less occurred during the float period. By comparison of night and day counting rates we have deduced that the upper limit to the continuous emission of solar neutrons at the earth is ≈ 2 × 10−2 neutrons/cm2 sec in the above energy region. Using a theoretical form for the neutron differential energy spectrum we have expressed this result as an upper limit differential solar neutron flux. If neutrons were emitted in association with any of the small flares then the maximum flux at the earth was less than ≈ 4 × 10−2 neutron/cm2 sec in the same energy region. The minimum detectable flux with the present instrument is therefore well below the predicted flux from a 3B flare (e.g., Nov. 12, 1960) of 5→50 neutrons/cm2 sec.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146469
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gamma ray spectrometer for the Solar Maximum Mission (1980)
    Springer
    Solar physics 65 (1980), S. 15-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Solar Maximum Mission Gamma Ray Experiment (SMM GRE) utilizes an actively shielded, multicrystal scintillation spectrometer to measure the flux of solar gamma rays. The instrument provides a 476-channel pulse height spectrum (with energy resolution of ∼7% at 662 keV) every 16.38 s over the energy range 0.3–9 MeV. Higher time resolution (2 s) is available in three windows between 3.5 and 6.5 MeV to study prompt gamma ray line emission at 4.4 and 6.1 MeV. Gamma ray spectral analysis can be extended to ≳15 MeV on command. Photons in the energy band from 300–350 keV are recorded with a time resolution of 64 ms. A high energy configuration also gives the spectrum of photons in the energy range from 10–100 MeV and the flux of neutrons ≳20 MeV. Both have a time resolution of 2 s. Auxiliary X-ray detectors will provide spectra with 1-sec time resolution over the energy range of 10–140 keV. The instrument is designed to measure the intensity, energy, and Doppler shift of narrow gamma ray lines as well as the intensity of extremely broadened lines and the photon continuum. The main objective is to use this time and spectral information from both nuclear gamma ray lines and the photon continuum in a direct study of the dynamics of the solar flare/particle acceleration phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00151381
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hard X-ray and low-energy gamma-ray spectrometers (1988)
    Springer
    Solar physics 118 (1988), S. 233-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Basic principles of operation and characteristics of scintillation and semi-conductor detectors used for solar hard X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometers are presented. Scintillation materials such as NaI offer high stopping power for incident gamma rays, modest energy resolution, and relatively simple operation. They are, to date, the most often used detector in solar gamma-ray spectroscopy. The scintillator BGO has higher stopping power than NaI, but poorer energy resolution. The primary advantage of semi-conductor materials such as Ge is their high-energy resolution. Monte-Carlo simulations of the response of NaI and Ge detectors to model solar flare inputs show the benefit of high resolution for studying spectral lines. No semi-conductor material besides Ge is currently available with adequate combined size and purity to make general-use hard X-ray and gamma-ray detectors for solar studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00148595
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