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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract 59 fluorite samples have been analysed by neutron activation for La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb and Lu. Two properties of the partition coefficient of the R. E. E. between fluorite and poorly complexing solutions (L. Marchand, 1976) have been used for interpretations: (R. E. E.) CaF2/(R. E. E.)solution are always very high so that CaF2 records with an important magnification and without major distortion in the R. E. E. pattern from the mother solution; the partition coefficients are higher for the “heavy earths” than for the lighter ones. Consequently, in finite reservoirs where CaF2 precipitates, the trend for solutions will be a gradual enrichment in ceric earths. Interpretations at different scales of the Maine hydrothermal deposit (D. Joseph, 1974) permit to emphasize: — a constant “geochemical signal” at the scale of a growth band of homogenous colour; — a possible characterization of the ore-forming solutions dynamic (infinite vs finite reservoirs) by comparison of successive growth bands in a same sample; — distinct source rocks for the “formation blanche” and “formation verte”.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les traces de Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni et Zn ont été dosées par polarographie sur une centaine d'échantillons du Trias et du Jurassique. La confrontation des résultats obtenus et des faits géologiques tend à démontrer que la répartition des oligoéléments a été essentiellement déterminée par les paramètres qui définissent l'environnement et le milieu de dépôt. En ce qui concerne l'environnement de dépôt, le comportement différent lors de l'altération du Ni d'une part, et du Zn et du Cd d'autre part, s'interprète très bien par la théorie du champ des ligands. En ce qui concerne le milieu de dépôt, l'étude plus particulière de l'Hettangien qui localement recèle des concentrations de blende et de galène, démontre que l'on passe sans discontinuité brutale du domaine des traces à celui des concentrations et ceci, en relation avec l'accentuation du caractère réducteur du milieu. De plus, les formes minéralogiques d'entraînement des cinq éléments dosés, ainsi que le pH et Ia teneur en soufre (sous ses différentes formes: S=, HS− et H2S) du milieu de dépôt et du milieu de piégeage sont déterminées à l'aide des calculs de corrélation, des règles de coprécipitation et d'adsorption et des diagrammes log S—pH.
    Notes: Abstract Polarographic quantitative analysis of Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni and Zn in one hundred Triassic and Jurassic samples show that the repartition of these trace elements has been mainly fixed by the parameters of the depositional environment. The differences between the behaviour of Ni, Zn and Cd during alteration is explained mainly by the ligand field theory. The study of the Hettangian sediments especially those containing local ZnS and PbS deposits show that there is no discontinuity in the repartition of the studied elements from the non-mineralized sediments to the mineralized area, but shows a regular variation with increasing reducing character of the depositional medium. The mineralogical forms of coprecipitation or adsorption of these elements, the pH and the concentration of the total sulfur (under the form S=, HS− and H2S) of the normal depositional medium and of the reducing zone are determined by using correlation calculations, coprecipitation and adsorption rules and log S—pH diagrammes.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Partitioning of lanthanides between solution and fluorspar is characterised by high partition coefficients in favor of fluorite, the coefficients growing slightly from La to Lu. On the example of the fluorite's district of the Western Marche France, we show how this property may be used as a geochemical criterion, to study the genesis of fluorspar. We find that two geochemical systems with different compositions and physicochemical properties have coexisted in the district. The first system deposited Chatenet and Charbonnière fluorite, the other one Rossignol fluorite. The chondrite normalised R. E. E. distribution of Rossignol fluorite shows a positive anomaly in europium, the origin of which is discussed. We propose that this anomaly (as well as the pattern of the various R. E. E. distributions analysed) are inherited from surrounding rocks by alteration processes rather than being the result of oxydoreduction phenomena. We suggest that, in general, coexistence of barite and of over-abundant europium fluorite is due to alteration of feldspars (or feldspar-rich rocks) which provides a possible source of barium.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 47 (1984), S. 1125-1144 
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract An extensive set of samples representative of the evolution of Etna since the beginning of its activity in the Quaternary has been analyzed for trace element contents by neutron activation on whole rock samples. Major element data were taken fromTanguy (1980). Several petrogenetic processes have played a role in the observed chemical variations: binary trace element plots form linear arrays extrapolating to the origin for most second row and higher transition elements and the rare alkali metals thus indicating their hygromagmaphile (HYG) character; 3d transition elements show two types of behavior when plotted against an HYG element. Concentrations remain relatively constant for the less evolved rocks in the range from tholeiite through transitional basalts to alkali basalts. On the contrary, concentrations drop rapidly in the series evolving from alkali basalts to trachytes; in addition to the latter two general trends, geochemical regularities specific to Etnean lavas are born out. Rare alkali metals, as well as potassium, for instance, show a trend of abnormal enrichment in the most recent historical eruptions. The recurrence in time of rather primary magmas indicates that the petrogenetic evolution of the lavas cannot be explained by the differentiation of a single batch of mantle derived magma. However, the chemical composition of the mantle source has remained relatively homogeneous with a nature very near the chondritic one. Mineralogically, the source must differ from that for oceanic basalts to account for Th/Ta differences. Early tholeiitic primary magma evolving into later alkali basalts is adequately modeled by variations of the degree of partial melting of a closed system source. Highly evolved products have episodically been emitted as a result of extensive crystal fractionation, during which no basalts are erupted. These episodes are abruptly interrupted by the eruption of basalts presumably indicating recharge of the magma plumbing system by pristine mantle derived material. Selective contamination in alkali elements from the sedimentary basement is also indicated by the data. The presence of partially digested sedimentary xenoliths is an additional argument for this process.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 9 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Flous décrivons ici une méthode non destructive de dosage de l'Ptain dans l es roches par activdtion neutronique et spectrometrie de coincidence multiparametrique. Nosrgsultatssonten bun sccord avec ceux obtenus par plusieurs methoties destructives etvont treutilises pour de noivhreuses apDl ications geochimiques. En particulierles standards GSP-1 et surtout BX-N seront utilisés cornme talons de reference.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 6 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The concentrations of 26 elements have been investigated in seven BCS certified reference samples using three varieties of neutron activation analysis. The ANRT granite GS-N was used as the comparator reference material while the USGS basalt BHVO-1 and the GIT-IWG basalt BE-N were analysed concurrently to assess the analytical accuracy.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 45 (1979), S. 326-336 
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 60 (1982), S. 207-225 
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract New data on major and trace elements geochemistry of the Assab Range (Ethiopia) basalts and enclosed mantle xenoliths are presented and discussed. Mantle ultramafics consist of spinel-peridotites and minor green spinel-pyroxenites (sometimes present as dykes within the former ones). Petrography and mineral chemistry indicate that both xenoliths families underwent a common subsolidus equilibrium crystallization at 1050°–1100° C., in the spinel-peridotite stability field. REE data on whole rock and on separated phases (cpx, opx and ol) have been obtained by RNAA. Spinel-peridotites exhibit LREE-enriched — HREE-depleted patterns with respect to chondrites. Mass balance calculations indicate that this is a characteristic feature of spinel-peridotite xenoliths which cannot be solely imputed to host basalt contamination. Xenoliths selected as representative of different depletion intensities, suffered by Assab spinel-peridotites prior to their subsolidus equilibration, show dependences from major elements composition in their REE geochemistry and wide variations in the measured REE partition values among coexisting phases. Concordancy in the REE compositions of liquids calculated utilizing the measured REE partitioning in the different xenoliths and theShaw's (1970) mass balance equation for non-modal equilibrium melting, confirms that the measured REE distribution represent equilibrium conditions. Theoretical least fusion liquids differ from the least differentiated among the enclosing basalts, both in their La/Lu ratio and in the total REE concentrations. Some similarities are observed with the composition of the pyroxenite dykes, however no firm conclusions on the comagmaticity of the two xenoliths types are reached. Trace geochemistry (REE, Ba, Sr, Cs, Rb, U, Th, Hf, Zr, Ta, Sc, Cr, Co, Ni: RNAA, INAA) on the host basalts indicates that the primary alkaline melts underwent an indipendent differentiation history by fractional crystallization at intermediate pressure conditions prior to the mantle xenoliths inclusion. Extrapolated seismic velocities for the Assab mantle xenoliths allow to ascribe them to the 7.3–7.7 VP layer, underlying the crustal layers in the Assab and Afar area, as recognized on the basis of the geophysical surveys. In light of the above evidences, an evolutive picture of the Assab association is proposed which takes into account present day knowledges on the geodynamic evolution of the Afar-Red Sea system.
    Abstract: Résumé Dans ce travail nous presentons des nouvelles données sur la géochimie des éléments majeurs et en traces dans les basaltes et dans les enclaves du manteau de la zone d'Assab (Éthiopie). Les enclaves; ultrabasiques du manteau sont constituées par des peridotites à spinelle et subordonnément par des pyroxenites à spinelle (quelquefois en forme de dykes dans les (peridotites). La pétrographie et la chimie des mineraux indiquent que les deux familles des enclaves esseurent une commune recristallization à l'équilibre aux temperatures de l'ordre de 1050°–1100° C dans le champ de stabilité de la peridotite à spinelle. Les données sur les terres rares dans la roche totale et dans les minéraux séparés ont été obtenues par RNAA. Les peridotites à spinelle montrent des patterns enrichis en terres rares légères et appauvries en terres rares lourdes par rapport à les aux condrites. Des calculs de balance de masse indiquent que cette caractéristique ne peut pas être attribuée simplément à la contamination par le basalte encaissant. Des enclaves sélectionées comme residus des differentes intensités de fusion partielle montrent des relations simples entre éléments majeurs et la géochimie des terres rares et des importantes variations des coefficients de partage des terres rares entre les differentes mineraux coexistants dans le même enclave. D'ailleurs la concordance entre les compositions en terres rares des differents liquides calculés à partir de la distribution des terres rares entre les mineraux des differents enclaves (en utilisant la loi deShaw, 1970) montre que les distributions mesurées sont representatives des conditions d'équilibre. Les liquides théoriques de fusion minime ont des valeurs differentes La/Lu et des teneurs differentes en terres rares par rapport à les laves aux encaissantes. Par contre quelque similitude peut-être envisagée avec les pyroxenites cependant les données actuelles ne permettent pas de rejoindre des conclusions sur la comagmaticitée des deux familles des enclaves. La géochimie des traces (REE, Ba, Sr, Cs, Rb, U, Th, Hf, Zr, Ta, Sc, Cr, Co, Ni: RNAA, INAA) sur les laves encaissantes montre que le magma alcalin primaire a differencié par cristallization fractionnée à des conditions de pression intermediaire avant d'encaisser les enclaves du manteau. Les vitesses seismiques déduites pour les enclaves du manteau à partir des données experimentales permettent d'identifier ces matériaux avec la couche à vitesse VP=7.3 –7.7 sous la région d'Assab et de l'Afar. Un modèle evolutif de l'association étudiée est presenté tout en considérant les conaissances actuelles de l'evolution geodinamique du sytème Afar-Mer Rouge.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die ultrabasischen Gesteine des Mantels der Zone Assab (Äthiopien) bestehen aus Spinell-Peridotiten und aus wenigen grünen Spinell-Pyroxeniten (manchmal sind sie in Form von Intrusivgängen in den Spinell-Peridotiten). Die Petrologie und die Mineralchemie zeigen, daß die zwei Xenolith-Familien eine gemeinsame Rekristallisation unter Gleichgewicht bei den Temperaturen 1050°–1100° C im Stabilitäts-Feld der Spinell-Peridotite hatten. Die Daten über die Seltenen Erden im Gesamtgestein und die getrennten Mineralien (cpx, opx und 01) wurden mit der RNAA-Methode erhalten. Die Spinell-Peridotite zeigen eine Anreicherung an leichten Seltenen Erden und eine Verarmung an schweren Seltenen Erden in Beziehung auf die Chondrite. Die Berechnungen der Massengleichgewichte zeigen an, daß dies eine Charakteristik von Spinell-Peridotit-Xenolithen darstellt, die nicht auf eine Verunreinigung durch die umgebenden Basalte zurückgeführt werden darf. Xenolithe aus verschiedenen Stadien der Aufschmelzung zeigen einfache Beziehungen zwischen Hauptelementen und der Geochemie der Seltenen Erden und weite Variationen der Verteilungs-Koeffizienten der Seltenen Erden unter koexistenten Phasen. Die Geochemie der Spurenelemente (REE, Ba, Sr, Cs, Rb, U, Th, Hf, Zr, Ta, Sc, Cr, Co, Ni: RNAA, INAA) in den Basalten zeigt, daß sich das primäre, alkalische Magma durch fraktionierte Kristallisation differenziert hat bevor die Peridotiteinschlüsse auftraten. Diese Beobachtungen stehen im Einklang mit der modernen Erkenntnis über die geodynamische Entwicklung der Afar-Region und des Roten Meeres.
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