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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 07.0421(318)
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: Accretionary orogens form at convergent plate boundaries and include the supra-subduction zone forearc, magmatic arc and backarc components. They can be broken into retreating and advancing types, based on their kinematic framework and resulting geological character.Accretionary systems have been active throughout Earth history, extending back until at least 3.2 Ga, and provide an important constraint on the initiation of horizontal motion of lithospheric plates on Earth.Accretionary orogens have been responsible for major growth of the continental lithosphere, through the addition of juvenile magmatic products, but are also major sites of consumption and reworking of continental crust through time.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: viii, 415 S.
    ISBN: 9781862392786
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 318
    Classification:
    Tectonics
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Call number: G 8519 ; M 93.0113
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 286 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 3540137467
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 93.0055/4
    In: Developments in precambrian geology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXI 781 S.
    Edition: 2nd impr.
    Series Statement: Developments in precambrian geology 4
    Language: English
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 4
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Colombo : Geological Survey Department
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 06.0057
    In: The crystalline crust of Sri Lanka
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: viii, 271 S.
    Series Statement: 5
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 5
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Stuttgart : Schweizerbart
    Call number: G 8463
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 419 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 3510651189
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 6
    Description / Table of Contents: Accretionary orogens form at convergent plate boundaries and include the supra-subduction zone forearc, magmatic arc and backarc components. They can be broken into retreating and advancing types, based on their kinematic framework and resulting geological character. Accretionary systems have been active throughout Earth history, extending back until at least 3.2 Ga, and provide an important constraint on the initiation of horizontal motion of lithospheric plates on Earth. Accretionary orogens have been responsible for major growth of the continental lithosphere, through the addition of juvenile magmatic products, but are also major sites of consumption and reworking of continental crust through time. The aim of this volume is to provide a better understanding of accretionary processes and their role in the formation and evolution of the continental crust. Fourteen papers deal with general aspects of accretion and metamorphism and discuss examples of accretionary orogens and crustal growth through Earth history, from the Archaean to the Cenozoic.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 415 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781862392786
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Terra nova 14 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 60 (1971), S. 1513-1523 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Recent findings about the late-Precambrian stratigraphic succession in the areas between the Orange River and the Klinghardt Mountains and south of Windhoek throw new light on the relationship between the Damara and Nama Systems. In the Orange River area the formations of the Gariep Group are unconformably or pseudo-conformably overlain by the Nama System. In central and northern South West Africa a similar relationship is exhibited by the Nosib Group and overlying Damara System. Pronounced similarities between the sedimentation and deformational history of both Nosib and Gariep indicate a probable correlation of the two groups and this result is also supported by radiometric ages. It follows that Damara and Nama are most likely either completely or partly coeval. The latter may represent a shelf facies of the former geosynclinal succession. The Gariep and Nosib deformation apparently started with the subsidence of their respective troughs and may have lasted from approximately 850 m. y. to 600 m. y. This tectonic event is older than the Damara Orogeny (550 to 450 m. y.) and may be time-equivalent to the Katanga Episode. Two late-Precambrian glaciations were widespread in South West Africa and their sedimentary deposits are important for the correlation of Gariep/Nama with Nosib/Damara.
    Abstract: Résumé De nouveaux résultats concernant la série de roches du Précambrien récent de la région de l'Orange et du district de Rehoboth au sud de Windhoek se sont révélés de haute importance pour l'étude de relation d'âge entre les systèmes Damara et Nama. Dans la région de l'Orange, le système Nama repose de façon discordante ou pseudo-concordante sur les formations du groupe Gariep; de même, en Afrique Sud-Ouest, centrale et le système Damara prend une position analogue par rapport au groupe Nosib. Des analogies dans l'histoire de la sédimentation et de la déformation permettent de réaliser une corrélation entre le Nosib et le Garieb; des déterminations de l'âge par méthodes radio-électriques appuient cette interprétation. Par conséquent, le Damara et la Nama sont vraisemblablement en rapport de conformité et les sédiments du Nama sont à considérer comme les faciès des séries géosynclinales du Damara. La déformation du groupe Gariep commença déjà avec l'affaissement des auges de dépôt et a probablement duré de 850-600 m. a.; à cette occasion se produisit, par endroit, la granitisation des sédiments et des laves appropriés. Cette orogénèse est plus ancienne que la phase du Damara qui dura de 550-450 m. a. et semble correspondre dans le temps à l'épisode Katanga également dans le Kaokoveld. Deux périodes de glaciation du précambrien récent sont très largement répandues en Afrique du Sud-Ouest et leurs dépôts glacières sont des moyens très importants pour la corrélation de la série Gariep-Nama avec la stratigraphie du Nosib-Damara.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Neue Ergebnisse über die spätpräkambrische Gesteinsabfolge im Gebiet des Orange-Flusses und im Rehoboth-Distrikt südlich von Windhoek sind von großer Bedeutung für das Altersverhältnis zwischen Damara- und Nama-System. Im Orange-Gebiet werden die Formationen der Gariep-Gruppe diskordant oder pseudo-konkordant vom Nama-System überlagert, während in Zentral- und Nord-Südwest-Afrika das Damara-System ebenfalls diskordant oder pseudokonkordant auf die Nosib-Gruppe folgt. Sedimentations- und deformationsgeschichtliche Ähnlichkeiten deuten auf eine Korrelation zwischen Nosib und Gariep hin, und diese Interpretation wird durch radiometrische Altersbestimmungen unterstützt. Daraus folgt, daß Damara und Nama wahrscheinlich einander entsprechen, wobei die Nama-Sedimente als Plattform-Fazies der geosynklinalen Damara-Serien anzusehen sind. Die Gariep-Deformation begann schon mit dem Einsinken des Gariep-Ablagerungstroges und dürfte von ca 850-600 M. J. angedauert haben, wobei es stellenweise zur Granitisation geeigneter Sedimente und Laven kam. Diese Orogenese ist älter als die von ca. 550-450 M. J. dauernde Damara-Phase und scheint zeitlich der auch im Kaokoveld nachgewiesenen Katanga-Episode zu entsprechen. Zwei spätpräkambrische Vereisungsperioden sind weit verbreitet in Südwest-Afrika, und ihre Glazialablagerungen sind ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel für die Korrelation der Gariep-Nama-Abfolge mit der Nosib-Damara-Stratigraphie.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 80 (1991), S. 155-170 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The late Precambrian Shadli Metavolcanics of SE Egypt constitute a slightly metamorphosed bimodal sequence that has been previously interpreted as manifesting volcanic activity at an island arc. We report the first Rb-Sr geochronologic, trace element (including REE), and Nd isotopic data for these rocks. Two types of basalt are recognized, the stratigraphically lower suite having compositions like N-MORB ferrobasalt while the overlying basalt is similar to slightly fractionated E-MORB. The two basalt types were derived from melting of a strongly depleted source, most likely within the upper 60–75 km of the upper mantle. The origin of the felsic melts is problematic, and these could either have fractionated from a mafic melt or resulted from melting of juvenile crust. The mafic and felsic lavas yield a Rb-Sr isochron age of 712±24 Ma that probably represents the time of volcanic eruption. The trace element characteristics of both mafic and felsic members of the Shadli Metavolcanics show few of the hallmarks of subduction-related melts, and we reject the hypothesis that these formed at an island arc. Instead, the field and geochemical data are most consistent with the hypothesis that these rocks originated in a magmatic rift, where the eruption of large volumes of lava accompanied large-scale lithospheric extension. This inference suggests that the tectonic setting of the important 700–715 Ma crust-forming event in NE Africa and Arabia needs to be critically reexamined.
    Abstract: Résumé Les roches volcaniques faiblement métamorphisées du Précambrien tardif de Shadli dans le Sud-Est de l'Egypte se caractérisent par une séquence bimodale qui était jusqu'ici interprétée comme résultant d'un volcanisme d'arc insulaire. Nous présentons ici les premières données isotopiques (Rb-Sr, Nd) obtenues pour ces roches ainsi que des données d'éléments en trace (y compris les Terres Rares). Deux types principaux de basaltes peuvent être distingués: les basaltes qui se trouvent dans la partie inférieure de la colonne stratigraphique, ont une composition comparable aux ferrobasaltes de type N-MORB, tandis que les roches se trouvant dans la partie supérieure de la séquence s'apparentent plutôt aux E-MORB légèrement fractionnés. Les deux types de basalte proviennent de la fusion partielle d'un manteau fortement appauvri, et ce à une profondeur probable de 60 à 75 km dans le manteau supérieur. L'origine des laves acides pose, quant à elle, quelques problèmes: elles peuvent s'être formées par cristallisation fractionnée à partir d'un liquide basique, ou alors elles sont le produit de la fusion partielle d'une croûte juvénile. La combinaison des données Rb-Sr obtenues pour les roches acides et basiques permet l'obtention d'une isochrone définissant un âge de 712 ± 24 Ma. Cet âge est interprété comme datant les éruptions volcaniques. Les données d'éléments en traces obtenues pour les laves basiques et acides ne présentent aucune des caractéristiques associées au volcanisme d'arc insulaire. Par conséquent, nous rejetons l'hypothèse selon laquelle les roches volcaniques de Shadli se seraient formées dans un contexte d'arc insulaire. Les données géochimiques et de terrain seraient plutôt en accord avec une hypothèse selon laquelle les roches volcaniques métamorphiques de Shadli se seraient formées dans une zone de rift où de très volumineux épanchements de laves auraient succédé à une extension à grande échelle de la lithosphère. Cette interprétation des données nous conduit à suggérer un réexamen critique du contexte tectonique entourant la période de formation crustale se situant entre 700 a 715 Ma, dans le nord-est de l'Afrique ainsi qu'en Arabie.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die spätpräkambrischen Shadli-Metavulkanite in der südöstlichen Eastern Desert von Ägypten sind eine schwach metamorphe bimodale Basalt-Rhyodazit-Abfolge, die bisher als Ausdruck eines Inselbogen-Vulkanismus gedeutet wurde. Zwei Basalt-Typen können aufgrund ihrer unterschiedlichen chemischen Zusammensetzung unterschieden werden: der stratigraphisch untere Typ ist ein N-MORB ähnlicher Ferrobasalt, während der überlagernde Typ Charakteristika eines leicht fraktionierten E-MORB aufweist. Die beiden Basaltvarietäten werden von stark an inkompatiblen Elementen verarmten Schmelzen aus den oberen 60–75 km des Mantels abgeleitet. Die Entstehung der sauren Metavulkanite ist nicht eindeutig geklärt; sowohl Fraktionierung aus einer mafischen Schmelze als auch Aufschmelzung juveniler Kruste vom Inselbogen-Typ sind denkbar. Die mafischen und felsischen Gesteine definieren zusammen ein Rb-Sr-Isochronenalter von 712 ± 24 Ma, das wir als den Zeitraum der Eruption deuten. Die Spurenelement-Verteilung der Shadli-Metavulkanite weist keine der charakteristischen Merkmale von Subduktionsmagmatismus auf, und wir sehen daher keinen direkten Zusammenhang mit einer Inselbogen-Entwicklung. Wir interpretieren den Shadli-Vulkanismus als Resultat eines Riftprozesses in junger kontinentaler Kruste, ähnlich dem Rio Grande-Rift oder dem Afar-Dreieck, wo starke Lithosphärendehnung die Förderung großer Lavamengen ermöglichte. Diese Interpretation stellt das einfache Schema einer panafrikanischen Krustenbildung durch Inselbogen-Addition im arabisch-nubischen Schild in Frage und erfordert eine Neubewertung bisheriger Modellvorstellungen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 86 (1984), S. 398-408 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Tojottamanselkä gneisses of the Koitelainen region, northern Finland, have been dated by the Sm-Nd and the common Pb methods. The Sm-Nd data of seven samples from a small area (100 m × 100 m) define an isochron ofT=3.06±0.12 (2σ) Ga, with correspondingI Nd=0.50848±9 (2σ), orε Nd(T)=−3.7±1.8. This age is in good agreement with the zircon U-Pb discordia age (3.1 Ga) reported by Kröner et al. (1981) and is interpreted as the time of magmatic emplacement. The distinctly negativeε Nd(T) value is found for the first time for Archean tonalitic gneisses and implies derivation of these magmas by remelting of continental material with a long (200–500 Ma) crustal residence time. A few samples, on the other hand, possessε Nd(T) values close to zero, hence they are thought to be derived by partial melting of basaltic sources with nearchondritic REE distribution patterns. Common Pb isotopic data yield an isochron age of 2.64±0.24 (2σ) Ga which is in agreement, within error limit, with the published Rb-Sr isochron age of 2.73±0.24 Ga (Kröner et al. 1981). The age of ca. 2.7 Ga is interpreted as the time of regional metamorphism during which both Pb and Sr isotopes were rehomogenised. The tonalitic gneisses have highly fractionated REE patterns with (La/Yb)N ratios varying from 9 to 43. Like most Archean gneisses of TTG composition (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite), they could be derived by partial melting of crustal sources of basaltic to granodioritic compositions. Direct derivation by melting of mantle peridotites is excluded. The present geochemical study indicates that the Tojottamanselkä gneisses have had a very complex history that involved multi-stage development. Together with the published age data for the basement gneisses and greenstone belts of eastern central Finland (Vidal et al. 1980; Martin et al. 1983a), we conclude that the Archean crustal development in Finland started at least 3.5 Ga ago and passed through a series of magmatic and metamorphic events at 3.1, 2.85, 2.65 and 2.5 Ga before the final intrusions of K-rich granites about 2.4 Ga ago.
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