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  • 1
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    Unknown
    Bent glass optics (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The paper describes how a glass strip may be bent to match any curve of large radius of curvature, to a high degree of accuracy, so that it may be used as a glancing incidence X-ray or extreme ultraviolet optical element. The desired match is obtained by applying a suitable combination of end couples and adjusting the cross-sectional moment of inertia along the length of the strip by varying its breadth. Two applications are described; a parabolic reflector for use as a laboratory X-ray collimator for testing mechanical collimators to be used in space instruments, and an elliptical reflector for point-to-point focussing. The latter device has been used for testing gratings in the X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) regions and for concentrating radiation on the entrance slit of a spectrometer, with a resultant gain in speed and resolution. It is suggested that the technique may have other laboratory and space applications, which are briefly described.
    Keywords: OPTICS
    Type: Seminar on X-ray imaging; Apr 18, 1977 - Apr 21, 1977; Reston, VA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Generation of a parallel X-ray beam and its use for testing collimators (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A technique is described, by which a glass strip may be bent to match any curve of large radius of curvature, to a high degree of accuracy, so that it may be used as a glancing incidence X-ray or extreme ultraviolet optical element. The desired match is obtained by applying the optimum combination of end couples and by varying the cross-sectional moment of inertia along the length of the strip. A particular case, that of a parabola for use as a laboratory X-ray collimator, is considered in detail. The analysis predicts that a collimation of one or two arc seconds should be obtainable in practice, with simple and inexpensive apparatus. A prototype collimator to be used for the testing of space payloads using geometric (McGrath) collimators is described and laboratory results presented.
    Keywords: OPTICS
    Type: Space Science Instrumentation; 3; Nov. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    X-ray and extreme ultraviolet imaging using layered synthetic microstructures (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Up to now designers of X-ray optical instruments such as microscopes and telescopes have been compelled to use mirrors operating at small glancing angles. However, using vapor deposition techniques, it is now possible to build multilayered thin film structures in which the individual layers have thicknesses comparable with a wavelength of X-rays. These devices operate in a manner exactly analogous to multilayer dielectric coatings at visible wavelengths and can be used to increase the X-ray and extreme ultraviolet reflectivity of surfaces at large glancing angles. These X-ray mirrors have numerous potential applications in X-ray optics. Attention is given to X-ray images with a normal incidence mirror, and applications of multilayer optics. Single-mirror telescopes for solar/stellar astronomy are discussed, taking into account solar corona and transition region studies, and X-ray and extreme ultraviolet astronomy. Hybrid X-ray telescopes are also considered.
    Keywords: OPTICS
    Type: High resolution soft X-ray optics; Nov 18, 1981 - Nov 20, 1981; Brookhaven, NY
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Grazing incidence relay optics (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The necessity to work in the focal plane of the primary mirrors has been one of the factors limiting the utility of grazing incidence telescopes in X-ray astronomy. In connection with the reported investigation, computer ray tracing programs have been used to study the performance of several grazing incidence relay optics (GIRO) systems used together with a large nested solar X-ray telescope. It was found that GIRO magnifiers are useful to map appropriate sized regions of the sun onto available CCD detectors. GIRO collimators can be used together with an X-ray spectrometer to study the X-ray spectrum from very small regions on the sun. Attention is given to the stationary mode, the tracking mode, and the size of GIRO elements. It is found that for a given GIRO size and magnification a use of the diverging system has the advantage of reducing the overall length of the main telescope-GIRO combination. However, the resolution provided by the diverging GIRO may not be as good as that obtained with the corresponding converging GIRO.
    Keywords: OPTICS
    Type: High resolution soft X-ray optics; Nov 18, 1981 - Nov 20, 1981; Brookhaven, NY
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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