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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The GSFC EUV and X-ray spectroheliograph on OSO-7 (1974)
    Springer
    Solar physics 35 (1974), S. 241-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Goddard Space Flight Center instrument carried on the pointed section of the OSO-7 satellite is described. This instrument contains: An extreme ultraviolet spectroheliograph using glancing incidence optics of Wolter's Type II to focus the Sun's light on the entrance slit of a concave grating spectrometer; an auxiliary Hα system; two X-ray spectroheliographs using mechanical collimators for spatial resolution and Ross filters to isolate spectral bands of interest, and a flare polarimeter operating in the 15–40 keV X-ray region. These subsystems may be operated in a number of modes which, when combined with the spacecraft modes, give the instrument great flexibility for making solar observations. Representative results from each of the subsystems are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00151946
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A survey of coronal holes and their solar wind associations throughout sunspot cycle 20 (1978)
    Springer
    Solar physics 56 (1978), S. 161-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract To gain insight into the relationships between solar activity, the occurrence and variability of coronal holes, and the association of such holes with solar wind features such as high-velocity streams, a study of the period 1963–1974 was made. This period corresponds approximately with sunspot cycle 20. The primary data used for this work consisted of X-ray and XUV solar images obtained from rockets. The investigation revealed that: (1) The polar coronal holes prominent at solar minimum, decreased in area as solar activity increased and were small or absent at maximum phase. This evolution exhibited the same phase difference between the two hemispheres that was observed in other indicators of activity. (2) During maximum, coronal holes occurred poleward of the sunspot belts and in the equatorial region between them. The observed equatorial holes were small and persisted for one or two solar rotations only; some high latitude holes had lifetimes exceeding two solar rotations. (3) During 1963–74 whenever XUV or X-ray images were available, nearly all recurrent solar wind streams of speed ⩾500 km s−1 were found associated with coronal holes at less than 40° latitude; however some coronal holes appeared to have no associated wind streams at the Earth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00152641
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The analysis and interpretation of solar X-ray photographs (1977)
    Springer
    Solar physics 53 (1977), S. 417-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses the methods used to analyse and interpret X-ray filtergrams obtained by solar soft X-ray telescopes such as the S-056 Skylab instrument. First, an appropriate definition of the line-of-sight emission measure ξ L(T) is developed, and it is shown how the X-ray data may be analysed to obtain an approximation to ξ L(T). The accuracy of this approximation is severely limited by the mathematical ill-conditioning of the problem, and additional constraints on the solutions must be imposed through the use of a specific model of the coronal region under study. Such a model is also required for the proper interpretation of the results in terms of coronal plasma processes. Examples of such models are provided and the forms of ξ L(T) derived from them compared with other, semi-empirical forms. The ‘filter ratio method’ (a simplified form of analysis in which the region under study is assumed isothermal) is discussed. It is shown that in the presence of line-of-sight temperature gradients, the values of ‘effective temperature’ and ‘emission measure’ yielded by this method cannot be directly related to the physical state of the plasma and so are of little utility in the study of coronal processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160285
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in immune reactivity during growth of an adenovirus 12-induced transplantable tumour in CBA mice (1981)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 504-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Early suppression, followed by a period of enhancement and finally, suppression, was seen when the spleen cell response to T and B cell mitogens was monitored during growth of an adenovirus 12-induced tumour in CBA black mice. The macrophage content of the tumour changed with time and these fluctuations correlated with the ability of tumour tissue extracts to enhance the normal spleen cell response to mitogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01986164
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charcoal column separation of chlordane and toxaphene (1978)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 20 (1978), S. 445-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01683546
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of polychlorinated biphenyls from DDT and its analogs using chromic acid and silica gel (1979)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 21 (1979), S. 787-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01685506
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    General flat four-dimensional world pictures and clock systems (1978)
    Springer
    Foundations of physics 8 (1978), S. 833-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9516
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We explore the mathematical structure and the physical implications of a general four-dimensional symmetry framework which is consistent with the Poincaré—Einstein principle of relativity for physical laws and with experiments. In particular, we discuss a four-dimensional framework in which all observers in different frames use one and the same grid of clocks. The general framework includes special relativity and a recently proposed new four-dimensional symmetry with a nonuniversal light speed as two special simple cases. The connection between the properties of light propagation and the convention concerning clock systems is also discussed, and is seen to be nonunique within the four-dimensional framework.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00715057
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of the structure and evolution of solar flares with a soft X-ray telescope (1975)
    Springer
    Solar physics 45 (1975), S. 199-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract 132 soft X-ray flare events have been observed with The Aerospace Corporation/Marshall Space Flight Center S-056 X-ray telescope that was part of the ATM complement of instruments aboard Skylab. Analyses of these data are reported in this paper. The observations are summarized and a detailed discussion of the X-ray flare structures is presented. The data indicated that soft X-rays emitted by a flare come primarily from an intense well-defined core surrounded by a region of fainter, more diffuse emission. Loop structures are found to constitute a fundamental characteristic of flare cores and arcades of loops are found to play a more important role in the flare phenomena than previously thought. Size distributions of these core features are presented and a classification scheme describing the brightest flare X-ray features is proposed. The data show no correlations between the size of core features and: (1) the peak X-ray intensity, as indicated by detectors on the SOLRAD satellite; (2) the rise time of the X-ray flare event, or (3) the presence of a nonthermal X-ray component. An analysis of flare evolution indicates evidence for preliminary heating and energy release prior to the main phase of the flare. Core features are found to be remarkably stable and retain their shape throughout a flare. Most changes in the overall configuration seem to be the result of the appearance, disappearance or change in brightness of individual features, rather than the restructuring or re-orientation of these features. Brief comparisons with several theories are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00152232
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further remarks on the analysis and interpretation of solar X-ray photographs (1978)
    Springer
    Solar physics 60 (1978), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the light of a recent discussion by Gerassimenko and Nolte (1978) we re-examine the use of the ‘filter ratio method’ for determining the thermodynamic parameters of coronal plasmas. We conclude that the method gives reliable results only when the observed plasma is nearly isothermal and that presently available data do not demonstrate that active region plasmas generally meet this condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00156531
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on a paper by D. Meisel entitled ‘Identification of a solar X-ray source using D-layer ionization behavior during an eclipse’ (1970)
    Springer
    Solar physics 11 (1970), S. 334-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00155232
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