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  • 1
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung ¶Calciokarbonatitische und magnesiokarbonatitische Gesteine und Magmen im System CaO-MgO-CO 2 -H 2 O bei 0.2 GPa Das Niedrigdruck-Eutektikum der gemeinsamen Ausscheidung von Calcit, Portlandit und Periklas/Brucit (mit H2O-reicher Fluidphase) diente als Modell um die Existenz und Kristallisation karbonatitischer Magmen zu erklären. Versuche die Bedingungen des Auftretens von Dolomit an diesem Eutektikum zu bestimmen blieben bisher ergebnislos. Wir entdeckten ein zweites Niedrigtemperatur-Eutektikum für magnesiumreichere Schmelzen, das Portlandit ausschließt, aber Dolomit inkludiert (alle Ergebnisse bei Fluidsättigung). Die Zugabe von Ca(OH)2-Mg(OH)2 zu CaCO3-MgCO3 bei 0.2 GPa senkt den Liquidus auf Temperaturen unter die Solvus-Schwelle von Calcit-Dolomit. Die fluidgesättigte Liquidusfläche verläuft steil und die Grenzfläche von Schmelze, die mit Calcit und Periklas koexistiert erreicht ein Peritektikum bei 880 °C. Dort öffnet sich ein schmales Feld für Liquidus-Dolomit, das bis zum Eutektikum bei 659 °C reicht, an dem Calcit, Dolomit und Periklas (Brucit sollte Periklas bei geringfügig höheren Drucken ersetzen) gemeinsam ausgeschieden werden. Der Calcit- Liquidus ist sehr groß. Die Linie an der Calcit und Dolomit koexistieren erstreckt sich ungefähr von CaMg(CO3)2 zu Mg(OH)2. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Bildungsbedingungen für die Bildung mineralspezifischer Kumulate aus unterschiedlichen Magmenzusammensetzungen. Aus wässrigen (oder Na-reichen) karbonatreichen Schmelzen mit Zusammensetzungen zwischen CaCO3 und CaMg(CO3)2 werden sich zuerst Calcitkarbonatite und dann Calcit-Dolomitkarbonatite ausscheiden, mit der Möglichkeit Dolomitkarbonatite über ein sehr eingeschränktes Temperaturintervall zu bilden und mit Periklas, der zu dieser Vergesellschaftung im Endstadium hinzukommt. Periklas im Fe-freien System könnte das weitverbreitete Analog zu Magnetit in natürlichen Karbonatiten sein. Der enge Bereich für die Ausscheidung von Dolomitkarbonatiten untermauert die Existenz primärer magnesiokarbonatitischer Magmen (nahe der Zusammensetzung von Dolomit). Magnesiokarbonatitische Magmen können daher entsprechende Mengen an calcitkarbonatitischen Gesteinen ausscheiden.
    Notes: Summary ¶The low-pressure eutectic for the coprecipitation of calcite, portlandite, and periclase/brucite (with H2O-rich vapor) has served as a model for the existence and crystallization of carbonatite magmas. Attempts to determine conditions for the appearance of dolomite at this eutectic have been unsuccessful. We have discovered a second low-temperature eutectic for more magnesian liquids which excludes portlandite and includes dolomite (all results are vapor-saturated). Addition of Ca(OH)2-Mg(OH)2 to CaCO3-MgCO3 at 0.2 GPa depresses the liquidus to temperatures below the crest of the calcite-dolomite solvus; the vapor-saturated liquidus surface falls steeply, and the field boundary for liquids coexisting with calcite and periclase reaches a peritectic at 880 °C, where a narrow field for liquidus dolomite begins, extending down to the eutectic at 659 °C for the coprecipitation of calcite, dolomite and periclase (brucite should replace periclase at slightly higher pressures). The calcite liquidus is very large. The field boundary for coexistence of calcite and dolomite extends approximately in the direction from CaMg(CO3)2 towards Mg(OH)2. The results illustrate conditions for the formation of mineral-specific cumulates from variable magma compositions. Hydrous (or sodic) carbonate-rich liquids with compositions from CaCO3 to CaMg(CO3)2 will precipitate calcite-carbonatites first, followed by calcite-dolomite-carbonatites, with the prospect of precipitating dolomite-carbonatite alone through a limited temperature interval, and with periclase joining the assemblage in the closing stages. Periclase in the Fe-free system may represent the ubiquitous occurrence of magnetite in natural carbonatites. The restricted range for the precipitation of dolomite-carbonatites adds credibility to the evidence for primary magnesiocarbonatite (near-dolomite composition) magmas. Magnesiocarbonatite magmas can precipitate much calcite-carbonatite rock.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-07-08
    Description: Article The archetypal transverse Ising magnet CoNb 2 O 6 possesses a set of collective spin modes near its quantum critical point. Here, the authors use heat capacity measurements to evidence the existence of Fermionic gapless spin excitations at the critical point. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8611 Authors: Tian Liang, S. M. Koohpayeh, J. W. Krizan, T. M. McQueen, R. J. Cava, N. P. Ong
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019
    Print ISSN: 1476-1122
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4660
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-10-26
    Description: Nature Materials 15, 1161 (2016). doi:10.1038/nmat4684 Authors: Max Hirschberger, Satya Kushwaha, Zhijun Wang, Quinn Gibson, Sihang Liang, Carina A. Belvin, B. A. Bernevig, R. J. Cava & N. P. Ong The Dirac and Weyl semimetals are unusual materials in which the nodes of the bulk states are protected against gap formation by crystalline symmetry. The chiral anomaly, predicted to occur in both systems, was recently observed as a negative longitudinal magnetoresistance (LMR) in Na3Bi (ref. ) and in TaAs (ref. ). An important issue is whether Weyl physics appears in a broader class of materials. We report evidence for the chiral anomaly in the half-Heusler GdPtBi. In zero field, GdPtBi is a zero-gap semiconductor with quadratic bands. In a magnetic field, the Zeeman energy leads to Weyl nodes. We have observed a large negative LMR with the field-steering properties specific to the chiral anomaly. The chiral anomaly also induces strong suppression of the thermopower. We report a detailed study of the thermoelectric response function αxx of Weyl fermions. The scheme of creating Weyl nodes from quadratic bands suggests that the chiral anomaly may be observable in a broad class of semimetals.
    Print ISSN: 1476-1122
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4660
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-03-20
    Description: Anomalous Hall effect in ZrTe 5 Anomalous Hall effect in ZrTe〈sub〉5〈/sub〉, Published online: 19 March 2018; doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0078-z Magnetotransport measurements show that ZrTe5 exhibits an anomalous Hall effect without magnetic ordering, a signature of Berry curvature introduced by Weyl nodes. This indicates that ZrTe5 may be a Weyl semimetal, even though this was not predicted.
    Print ISSN: 1745-2473
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-2481
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-02-21
    Description: Nature Materials 14, 280 (2015). doi:10.1038/nmat4143 Authors: Tian Liang, Quinn Gibson, Mazhar N. Ali, Minhao Liu, R. J. Cava & N. P. Ong Dirac and Weyl semimetals are 3D analogues of graphene in which crystalline symmetry protects the nodes against gap formation. Na3Bi and Cd3As2 were predicted to be Dirac semimetals, and recently confirmed to be so by photoemission experiments. Several novel transport properties in a magnetic field have been proposed for Dirac semimetals. Here, we report a property of Cd3As2 that was unpredicted, namely a remarkable protection mechanism that strongly suppresses backscattering in zero magnetic field. In single crystals, the protection results in ultrahigh mobility, 9 × 106 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 5 K. Suppression of backscattering results in a transport lifetime 104 times longer than the quantum lifetime. The lifting of this protection by the applied magnetic field leads to a very large magnetoresistance. We discuss how this may relate to changes to the Fermi surface induced by the applied magnetic field.
    Print ISSN: 1476-1122
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4660
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2000-04-03
    Print ISSN: 0930-0708
    Electronic ISSN: 1438-1168
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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