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  • 1
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    In-flight Evaluations of Tungsten Calibration Lamps Using Shortwave Thermistor Bolometers and Active-cavity Radiometers (1993)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0026-1394
    Electronic ISSN: 1681-7575
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    ERBSS scanner performance in the presence of radiation directional model errors (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Simulation studies of the ERBSS scanner were performed to determine the sensitivity of the inferred flux at the top of the atmosphere to radiation directional model errors for candidate scan plane orientations.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 311-315
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Nimbus 6 ERB scanner studies for development of Earth Radiation Budget Satellite System (ERBSS) (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The Nimbus 6 ERB scanner data were conducted to support the development of the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite System project. The ERB data were processed in terms of Earth targets and angular bins and used to evaluate currently available directional radiation models for the longwave and shortwave spectral ranges. Results indicate that available longwave models are adequate for the most part while available shortwave models are inadequate. An effort was initiated to develop improved shortwave models for various cloud conditions and various surface types for cloud free conditions.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 147-151
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    ERBE data inversion (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Instruments on board the (presently two) satellites of the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) are collecting data for determining monthly averaged radiation exitances at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). To achieve the accuracy desired of the mission, radiances at the satellite are first calculated, with allowance made of sensor optical properties and the directionality of the TOA radiation field. The subsatellite surface type is classified to adjust for albedo changes and correction values are added for the types of cloud cover detected.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Inversion methods for satellite studies of the Earth Radiation Budget - Development of algorithms for the ERBE mission (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment carries a three-channel scanning radiometer and a set of nadir-looking wide and medium field-of-view instruments for measuring the radiation emitted from earth and the solar radiation reflected from earth. This paper describes the algorithms which are used to compute the radiant exitances at a reference level ('top of the atmosphere') from these measurements. Methods used to analyze data from previous radiation budget experiments are reviewed, and the rationale for the present algorithms is developed. The scanner data are converted to radiances by use of spectral factors, which account for imperfect spectral response of the optics. These radiances are converted to radiant exitances at the reference level by use of directional models, which account for anisotropy of the radiation as it leaves the earth. The spectral factors and directional models are selected on the basis of the scene, which is identified on the basis of the location and the long-wave and shortwave radiances. These individual results are averaged over 2.5 x 2.5 deg regions. Data from the wide and medium field-of-view instruments are analyzed by use of the traditional shape factor method and also by use of a numerical filter, which permits resolution enhancement along the orbit track.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Reviews of Geophysics (ISSN 8755-1209); 24; 407-421
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    ERBE data inversion (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-01
    Description: The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) involves the use of a system of three spacecraft with instrument packages for measuring the earth's radiation balance to an accuracy which has been unattainable in previous experiments. The experiment is to determine the monthly averaged radiant exitances at te 'top of the atmosphere' (TOA) over the earth with a resolution of 250 km. The realization of this goal requires the conduction of high accuracy measurements, and the computation of the instantaneous radiant exitances from these measurements. The operation involved in this computation is called an 'inversion'. A third requirement is related to the computation of the daily and monthly averaged regional values from the instantaneous values. A brief description is provided of the algorithms for the inversion of the measurements to TOA radiant exitances, taking into account also the techniques which are used to validate the methods and results.
    Keywords: COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    A robust pseudo-inverse spectral filter applied to the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanning channels (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Computer simulations of a least squares estimator operating on the ERBE scanning channels are discussed. The estimator is designed to minimize the errors produced by nonideal spectral response to spectrally varying and uncertain radiant input. The three ERBE scanning channels cover a shortwave band a longwave band and a ""total'' band from which the pseudo inverse spectral filter estimates the radiance components in the shortwave band and a longwave band. The radiance estimator draws on instantaneous field of view (IFOV) scene type information supplied by another algorithm of the ERBE software, and on a priori probabilistic models of the responses of the scanning channels to the IFOV scene types for given Sun scene spacecraft geometry. It is found that the pseudoinverse spectral filter is stable, tolerant of errors in scene identification and in channel response modeling, and, in the absence of such errors, yields minimum variance and essentially unbiased radiance estimates.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-85781 , NAS 1.15:85781
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    ATM-CMG control system stability (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Stability analyses and simulation data and results are presented for an initial Control Moment Gyroscope system proposed for the Apollo Telescope Mount cluster (later named Skylab) using momentum vector feedback. A compensation filtering technique is presented which significantly improved analytical and simulation performance of the system. This technique is quite similar to the complementary filtering technique and represents an early NASA application.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-TM-81827
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    A generalized tensor formulation of atmosphere and seas dynamics (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A generalized mathematical model was developed for simulation of the dynamics and transport of both the atmosphere and seas. A nearly horizontal bottom coordinate surface conforms to the land-to-air interface and the sea-floor-to-water interface, which simplifies computations. General vertical motion of the other quasi-horizontal coordinate surfaces is allowed; external gravity waves can be represented by the top coordinate surface, and meteorological fronts and inversion layers in the atmosphere and refractive layers in the seas can be represented with enhanced resolution by the internal quasi-horizontal coordinate surfaces. A tensor reformulation of the standard subgrid mixing theory departs significantly from the standard theory in allowing, as a solution under adiabatic conditions, rigid-body rotation of the atmosphere.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: NASA-TR-R-441 , L-9928
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    A space-time tensor formulation for continuum mechanics in general curvilinear, moving, and deforming coordinate systems (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Tensor methods are used to express the continuum equations of motion in general curvilinear, moving, and deforming coordinate systems. The space-time tensor formulation is applicable to situations in which, for example, the boundaries move and deform. Placing a coordinate surface on such a boundary simplifies the boundary condition treatment. The space-time tensor formulation is also applicable to coordinate systems with coordinate surfaces defined as surfaces of constant pressure, density, temperature, or any other scalar continuum field function. The vanishing of the function gradient components along the coordinate surfaces may simplify the set of governing equations. In numerical integration of the equations of motion, the freedom of motion of the coordinate surfaces provides a potential for enhanced resolution of the continuum field function. An example problem of an incompressible, inviscid fluid with a top free surface is considered, where the surfaces of constant pressure (including the top free surface) are coordinate surfaces.
    Keywords: PHYSICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TR-R-462 , L-10552
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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