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  • 1
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    Interpretation of recent Southern Hemisphere climate change (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-04
    Description: Climate variability in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere (SH) is dominated by the SH annular mode, a large-scale pattern of variability characterized by fluctuations in the strength of the circumpolar vortex. We present evidence that recent trends in the SH tropospheric circulation can be interpreted as a bias toward the high-index polarity of this pattern, with stronger westerly flow encircling the polar cap. It is argued that the largest and most significant tropospheric trends can be traced to recent trends in the lower stratospheric polar vortex, which are due largely to photochemical ozone losses. During the summer-fall season, the trend toward stronger circumpolar flow has contributed substantially to the observed warming over the Antarctic Peninsula and Patagonia and to the cooling over eastern Antarctica and the Antarctic plateau.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, David W J -- Solomon, Susan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):895-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Atmospheric Science, Foothills Campus, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. davet@atmos.colostate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Structures of the mind and universal music (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldenberg, J -- Mazursky, D -- Solomon, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 29;292(5526):2433.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11441880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Creativity ; Humans ; Mental Processes ; *Music ; *Vocalization, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Observations of Stratospheric NO2 and O3 at Thule, Greenland (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-10-28
    Description: Scattered sunlight and direct light from the moon was used in two wavelength ranges to measure the total column abundances of stratospheric ozone(O(3)) and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) at Thule, Greenland (76.5 degrees N), during the period from 29 January to 16 February 1988. The observed O(3) column varied between about 325 and 400 Dobson units, and the lower values were observed when the center of the Arctic polar vortex was closest to Thule. This gradient probably indicates that O(3) levels decrease due to dynamical processes near the center of the Arctic vortex and should be considered in attempts to derive trends in O(3) levels. The observed NO(2) levels were also lowest in the center of the Arctic vortex and were sometimes as low as 5 x 10(14) molecules per square centimeter, which is even less than comparable values measured during Antarctic spring, suggesting that significant heterogeneous photochemistry takes place during the Arctic winter as it does in the Antarctic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mount, G H -- Solomon, S -- Sanders, R W -- Jakoubek, R O -- Schmeltekopf, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 28;242(4878):555-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17815895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    A closer look at the IPCC report (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Solomon, Susan -- Alley, Richard -- Gregory, Jonathan -- Lemke, Peter -- Manning, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 25;319(5862):409-10; author reply 409-10. doi: 10.1126/science.319.5862.409c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18218879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate ; Consensus ; Ice Cover ; Models, Theoretical ; Oceans and Seas ; Policy Making
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Contributions of stratospheric water vapor to decadal changes in the rate of global warming (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-30
    Description: Stratospheric water vapor concentrations decreased by about 10% after the year 2000. Here we show that this acted to slow the rate of increase in global surface temperature over 2000-2009 by about 25% compared to that which would have occurred due only to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. More limited data suggest that stratospheric water vapor probably increased between 1980 and 2000, which would have enhanced the decadal rate of surface warming during the 1990s by about 30% as compared to estimates neglecting this change. These findings show that stratospheric water vapor is an important driver of decadal global surface climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Solomon, Susan -- Rosenlof, Karen H -- Portmann, Robert W -- Daniel, John S -- Davis, Sean M -- Sanford, Todd J -- Plattner, Gian-Kasper -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 5;327(5970):1219-23. doi: 10.1126/science.1182488. Epub 2010 Jan 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    The persistently variable "background" stratospheric aerosol layer and global climate change (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-23
    Description: Recent measurements demonstrate that the "background" stratospheric aerosol layer is persistently variable rather than constant, even in the absence of major volcanic eruptions. Several independent data sets show that stratospheric aerosols have increased in abundance since 2000. Near-global satellite aerosol data imply a negative radiative forcing due to stratospheric aerosol changes over this period of about -0.1 watt per square meter, reducing the recent global warming that would otherwise have occurred. Observations from earlier periods are limited but suggest an additional negative radiative forcing of about -0.1 watt per square meter from 1960 to 1990. Climate model projections neglecting these changes would continue to overestimate the radiative forcing and global warming in coming decades if these aerosols remain present at current values or increase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Solomon, S -- Daniel, J S -- Neely, R R 3rd -- Vernier, J-P -- Dutton, E G -- Thomason, L W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):866-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1206027. Epub 2011 Jul 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA. susan.solomon@colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Reversing excess atmospheric CO2--response (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matthews, Damon -- Solomon, Susan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 28;340(6140):1523. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6140.1523-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23812700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/*chemistry ; *Global Warming
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Observations of the Nighttime Abundance of OClO in the Winter Stratosphere Above Thule, Greenland (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-10-28
    Description: Observations at Thule, Greenland, that made use of direct light from the moon on 2,3, 4,5, and 7 February 1988 revealed nighttime chlorine dioxide (OClO) abundances that were less than those obtained in Antarctica by about a factor of 5, but that exceeded model predictions based on homogeneous (gas-phase) photochemistry by about a factor of 10. The observed time scale for the formation of OClO after sunset strongly supports the current understanding of the diurnal chemistry of OClO. These data suggest that heterogeneous (surface) reactions due to polar stratospheric clouds can occur in the Arctic, providing a mechanism for possible Arctic ozone depletion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Solomon, S -- Mount, G H -- Sanders, R W -- Jakoubek, R O -- Schmeltekopf, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 28;242(4878):550-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17815894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Do hydrofluorocarbons destroy stratospheric ozone? (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-01-07
    Description: Hydrofluorocarbons, many of which contain a CF(3) group, are one of the major substitutes for the chlorofluorocarbons and halons that are being phased out because they contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion. It is critical to ensure that CF(3) groups do not cause significant ozone depletion. The rate coefficients for the key reactions that determine the efficiency of the CF(3) radical as a catalyst for ozone loss in the stratosphere have been measured and used in a model to calculate the possible depletion of ozone. From these results, it is concluded that the ozone depletion potentials related to the presence of the CF(3) group in hydrofluorocarbons are negligibly small.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ravishankara, A R -- Turnipseed, A A -- Jensen, N R -- Barone, S -- Mills, M -- Howard, C J -- Solomon, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jan 7;263(5143):71-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17748353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Atmospheric lifetimes of long-lived halogenated species (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-01-08
    Description: The atmospheric lifetimes of the fluorinated gases CF(4), C(2)F(6), c-C(4)F(8), (CF(3))(2)c-C(4)F(6), C(5)F(12), C(6)F(14), C(2)F(5)Cl, C(2)F(4)C(12), CF(3)Cl, and SF(6) are of concern because of the effects that these long-lived compounds acting as greenhouse gases can have on global climate. The possible atmospheric loss processes of these gases were assessed by determining the rate coefficients for the reactions of these gases with O((1)D), H, and OH and the absorption cross sections at 121.6 nanometers in the laboratory and using these data as input to a two-dimensional atmospheric model. The lifetimes of all the studied perfluoro compounds are 〉2000 years, and those of CF(3)Cl, CF(3)CF(2)Cl, and CF(2)ClCF(2)Cl are 〉300 years. If released into the atmosphere, these molecules will accumulate and their effects will persist for centuries or millennia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ravishankara, A R -- Solomon, S -- Turnipseed, A A -- Warren, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jan 8;259(5092):194-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17790983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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