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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Bei-jing : Di-zhen chu-ban-she
    Call number: M 14.0002
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 359 S. : z.T. farb. Ill. und graph. Darst. + 1 DVD
    ISBN: 9787502843236
    Uniform Title: Stress field of the earth's crust
    Classification:
    Paleontology
    Language: Chinese
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Potsdam : GeoForschungsZentrum
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 21/STR 97/19
    In: Scientific technical report
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 140 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Scientific Technical Report / Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam 97/19
    Classification:
    Petrophysics
    Language: German
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Call number: 5/M 10.0081 ; M 10.0085
    Description / Table of Contents: This book about rock stress is suitable for students in geosciences and rock engineering, who need to broaden their horizons about the Stress Field of the Earth's Crust. The book covers the topic so that geosciences students will be able to grasp the Cauchy Stress Principle without fear of matrix transformations in an exercise. Students interested in mathematics, physics and engineering will learn how strain gauges are used to obtain in-situ stress by the overcoring method. Leading edge technology in determining rock stress like quadruple packer and the Kaiser effect are presented together with classical methods like hydraulic fracturing. Borehole techniques (breakouts) and core-based methods (anelastic strain recovery) are illustrated. With respect to stress data, we choose to present the scientific ultra-deep drilling project KTB (Germany), the excavation for nuclear waste disposal at Olkiluoto (Finland) and the drilling into a seismic active fault zone at SAFOD (USA). Stress compilations viewed by the World Stress Map project are presented and interpreted in terms of plate tectonics.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 240 S. : 100 schw.-w. Ill. + 1 DVD , 100 schw.-w. Ill. , 235 mm x 155 mm
    ISBN: 9781402084430 , 1-402-08443-9
    Classification:
    Geodynamics
    Note: Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:2009
    Location: Reading room
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 4
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Frankfurt a.M. : Inst. für Meteorologie und Geophysik
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 06.0061
    In: Frankfurter geowissenschaftliche Arbeiten
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 209 S. , Ill., graph. Darst. , 21 cm
    ISBN: 3922540384
    Series Statement: Frankfurter geowissenschaftliche Arbeiten : Serie B. Meteorologie und Geophysik Bd. 4
    Note: Zugl.: Frankfurt (Main), Univ., Diss., 1991
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 5
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: excavation ; oil production ; pore space ; rock damage ; well production
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanical properties and fluid transport in rocks are intimately linked as deformation of a solid rock matrix immediately affects the pore space and permeability. This may result in transient or permanent changes of pore pressures and effective pressures causing rock strength to vary in space and time. Fluid circulation and deformation processes in crustal rocks are coupled, producing significant complexity of mechanical and fluid transport behavior. This often poses severe technical and economic problems for reservoir and geotechnical engineering projects involved in oil and gas production, CO2 sequestration, mining and underground waste disposal. For example, the depletion of hydrocarbon and water reservoirs leading to compaction may have adverse effects on well production. Solution/precipitation processes modify porosity and affect permeability of aquifers and reservoir rocks. Fracture damage from underground excavation will critically influence the long-term stability and performance of waste storage. Part I of this topical volume covers mainly the nucleation and evolution of crack damage in rocks, new or modified techniques to measure rock fracture toughness and a discussion of upscaling techniques relating mechanical and fluid transport behaviour in rocks at different spatial scales. Part II, to be published later in 2006, will include studies investigating the coupling of rock deformation and fluid flow.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (278 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764377113
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: excavation ; oil production ; pore space ; rock damage ; well production
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanical properties and fluid transport in rocks are intimately linked as deformation of a solid rock matrix immediately affects the pore space and permeability. The coupling of fluid circulation and deformation processes in crustal rocks results in significant complexity of the mechanical and fluid transport behavior. This often poses severe technical and economic problems for reservoir and geotechnical engineering projects involved in oil and gas production, CO2 sequestration, mining and underground waste disposal. The volume results from the 5th Euroconference on Rock Physics and Geomechanics, which was held in Potsdam, Germany in September 2004. Part I of the topical volume mainly contains contributions investigating the nucleation and evolution of crack damage in rocks, new or modified techniques to measure rock fracture toughness and a discussion of upscaling techniques relating mechanical and fluid transport behavior in rocks at different spatial scales. Part II contains contributions discussing fluid flow and transport in rocks as observed on the laboratory scale and in boreholes. The evolution of rock damage pertinent to the stability of underground excavations is studied and scaling relations of elastic properties and seismic events are discussed.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764379933
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-07-29
    Description: This paper is the editoral of a special issue, that intends to summarize the highlights of the conference programme consisting of 8 keynote lectures, 47 oral presentations and 26 poster presentations given by rock mechanics experts and early career scientists. The programme was divided into the following eight oral presentation sessions: ‘Fluid-driven fractures and seismicity’, ‘Compaction and damage of porous rock I + II’, ‘Laboratory fracture and rock characterization studies’, ‘Poroelasticity and seismicity of reservoir rocks’, ‘Simulation of fractures and faults’, ‘Hydraulic, thermal and mechanical cyclic loading at multiple scales’ and ‘Hydraulic fracturing, hydromechanics and fracture permeability’. The special issue consists of 19 scientific papers which are based on these conference contributions and all of which address different important aspects relevant to the variety of industrial applications outlined above. We want to highlight that rock fracturing and fault activation are two very different processes and that both hard data measured in experiments as well as analytical and numerical models together yield a powerful path to solve industrial and societal challenges associated with the utilization of the subsurface based on scientific evidence.
    Description: Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum - GFZ (4217)
    Keywords: ddc:551.8 ; rock fracturing ; fault activation
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 137 (1991), S. 95-112 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Acoustic emission ; friction ; holography ; irregular surface ; precursor ; rock physics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we report results obtained from various friction experiments under direct and oblique shear loading conditions. We used four rock types of varying brittleness (quartzite, anhydrite, limestone, pyrophyllite) with different surface roughness. The observations concentrate on the time span several milliseconds before dynamic failure occurs. During this period a premonitory, unstable phase of slip (slip 2) occurs. This differs importantly from a premonitory, stable process (slip 1) with durations of hundreds of seconds. On smooth surfaces slip 2 is usually observed with ductile rocks and less reliably with brittle rocks. Slip 2 is mostly accompanied by acoustic emissions, which increase in rate of occurrence and in magnitude until the stick-slip event. Foreshocks are observed during approximately 50% of the slip 2 events on rough surfaces. Foreshocks far exceed the “acoustic noise level”, which is also prevalent before stick-slip events on rough surfaces. In the direct shear experiment, where two faults are being loaded simultaneously, in about 20% of the cases precursory slip 2 was observed on the opposite side on which the final stick-slip event occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 113 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The formation of microcracks is simulated in 2-D composites using the finite element method. the rock is modelled by a planar, periodic array of angular-cornered grains embedded in a matrix with different thermoelastic moduli. During cooling or unloading stress-concentration points arise at sharp corners inside the grain aggregate. Microcracking is simulated in a system containing quartz (QTZ) grains surrounded by feldspar (FSP). By investigating stress-intensity factors for different crack paths one can conclude that grain-boundary cracking (GBC) is most likely. Seismic velocities of the fractured composite are calculated from effective moduli. In a rock containing an array of parallel aligned GBC (1 mm length), the anisotropy turned out to be 29 per cent for P waves and 20 per cent for S waves. Crack-closure modelled by repressurizing the rock is substantially different for an aggregate with parallel oriented cracks (GBC I) than for a composite where most of the grain boundaries are broken (matrix containing totally separated grains, GBC II). the closing pressure of GBC I is finite and lies between 31 MPa (QTZ grains) and 41 MPa (FSP grains) after a temperature change of 400°C. the closing pressure of thermal cracks is largest in composites with very small inclusions and decreases for composites with larger grains. In case of small inclusions a collapse closure of GBC is evident, whereas in systems with larger grains a more gradual crack-closure dominates. the closure of GBC II is characterized by the occurrence of residual pores. the pores originate in the final stage of crack closure near sharp corners of the grains, where the former stress-concentration points after cooling were located. the phenomenon of residual pores may be a hint for interpreting fluid inclusions in rocks as a relic of the incomplete closure of cracks. From the results obtained in this study it can be concluded that significant in situ porosity of QTZ/FSP-rich rocks may be found at pressures as high as 300 MPa corresponding to a depth of about 10 km in the crust of the earth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 113 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The formation of microcracks is studied in a planar composite material using the finite element method. Intraganular (IGC), transgranular (TGC) and mixed-type cracking is modelled in a system containing angular-cornered quartz (QTZ) grains surrounded by feldspar (FSP). Physical rock properties (elastic moduli, seismic velocity) show a gradual increase with increasing confining pressure due to the closure of cracks as expected from experiments only in the case of IGC. the collapse closure of grain-boundary cracks (GBC) and the TGC is documented by a jump in the pressure-dependent rock properties. Strictly parallel aligned flaws should be replaced by preferred oriented ones or by crack populations with different closing pressures to provide a gradual closure curve. the thermal microcracks investigated can be categorized with respect to their closure process quantified in terms of crack length, aperture and aspect ratio versus confining pressure. Major crack types (GBC I, IGC and TGC) close at pressures ranging from 30 to about 70MPa after cooling the composite by 400 °C. For mixed-type cracks (GBC & IGC), the GBC closes at 30MPa before the remaining IGC starts to shorten at 50 MPa. the friction coefficient μ along the re-closed GBC-planes is responsible for whether the IGC closes totally (μ= 0.1) or degenerates into a residual pore located at the grain boundary (μ≥ 0.3). For μ≥ 0.3 significant in situ porosity of QTZ/FSP-rich rocks may be found as deep as 10 km within the crust of the earth. Lowering the friction coefficient residual porosity can disappear at shallower depths (e.g. μ= 0.1 for the mixed type crack results in a closing pressure of 50 MPa corresponding to a depth of about 2 km).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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