In:
Anwendungen der Fernerkundung zur Beurteilung des Gesundheitszustandes der Wälder. - Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.; Applications de la télédétection à l'observation de l'état sanitaire des forêts
Type of Medium:
Non-book medium
Pages:
216 S.
,
Ill., graph. Darst.
,
21 x 29,7 cm
Edition:
2nd edition
ISBN:
92-828-8144-X
URL:
http://bib.gfz-potsdam.de/intern/pubint/remote_sensing_applications_for_forest_health_status_assessment.pdf
URL:
https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/448589d8-cf8a-4465-8497-900c135a8ffd
Language:
English
Note:
1 INTRODUCTION 9 ---
1.1 General Remarks 11 ---
1.2 Remote Sensing and Forest Damage 11 ---
1.3 Aerial and terrestrial Inventory 13 ---
2 COLOUR-INFRARED FILM 15 ---
2.1 General characteristics of films 17 ---
2.1.1 Film structure and dimensions 17 ---
2.1.2 Image structure characteristics 17 ---
2.1.3 Sensitometric characteristics 17 ---
2.1.4 Other characteristics 19 ---
2.2 Film material 19 ---
2.2.1 Characteristics of KODAK Aerochrome II Infrared 2443 (second edition) 19 ---
2.2.1.1 Properties 19 ---
2.2.1.2 Film handling and processing for small format cameras 21 ---
2.2.1.3 Control and standardisation of colour quality 21 ---
2.2.2 Characteristics of KODAK Aerochrome II Infrared Special Order 134 22 ---
2.2.3 Characteristics of other CIR- film material 22 ---
2.3 General recommendations 22 ---
2.3.1 Storage of unexposed films 22 ---
2.3.2 Processing of exposed film 23 ---
2.3.3 Clearance 23 ---
2.3.4 Storage of the aerial photographs and organisation of a library 23 ---
3 FLIGHT PARAMETERS 25 ---
3.1 Preliminary remarks 27 ---
3.2 Equipment and Material 27 ---
3.2.1 The aircraft 27 ---
3.2.2 The camera 27 ---
3.3 Pre-flight planning and flight conditions 29 ---
3.4 Call for tenders and the contract for the aerial photography 31 ---
4 INVENTORY CONCEPT 35 ---
4.1 Preliminary remarks 37 ---
4.2 Selection criteria foran inventory concept 37 ---
4.3 Systematics for forest damage inventories 38 ---
4.4 Inventory concepts for inventories on a regional or countrywide scale 38 ---
4.4.1 One-stage sampling 39 ---
4.4.2 Multistage Sampling 39 ---
4.4.2.1 Sample Level: Aerial photography 39 ---
4.4.2.2 Sample Level: Aerial photographs to be evaluated 41 ---
4.4.2.3 Sample Level: Sample points to be selected 42 ---
4.4.2.4 Sample Level: Selection of trees 43 ---
4.5 Inventories for forest districts or local areas 44 ---
4.5.1 One-stage sampling 44 ---
4.5.2 Two-stage sampling 46 ---
4.6 Assessment and monitoring of permanent test sites and specific stands 47 ---
4.6.1 General remarks 47 ---
4.6.2 Inventory concept 47 ---
4.6.3 How to find the test site in aerial photographs 47 ---
4.6.4 General evaluation techniques 48 ---
4.6.5 Application of terrestrial photographs 49 ---
4.6.6 The application of remote sensing to the intensive monitoring of forest ecosystems (Level 2 Programme) 50 ---
4.6.6.1 Description of each option 50 ---
4.6.6.2 Repetition 53 ---
4.6.6.3 Output 53 ---
4.6.6.4 Critical review of aerial photography versus terrestrial survey 54 ---
5 PHOTOINTERPRETATION 57 ---
5.1 Interpretation of CIR aerial photographs for the assessment of forest conditions 59 ---
5.1.1 Preliminary-remark 59 ---
5.1.2. Requirements 59 ---
5.1.3 Applicability 60 ---
5.1.4 Construction of Interpretation Keys 60 ---
5.1.5 Main criteria of classification 60 ---
5.1.5.1 Crown thinning characteristics 60 ---
5.1.5.2 Chlorosis characteristics 61 ---
5.1.5.3 Special characteristics 61 ---
5.1.6 Verification and adjustment 62 ---
5.1.7 Glossary 62 ---
5.2 Interpretation Keys for the assessment of crown condition of European tree species 65 ---
5.2.1 Interpretation Key for Norway Spruce (Picea abies) 65 ---
5.2.2 Interpretation Key for Beech (Fagus sylvatica) 77 ---
5.2.3 Interpretation Key for Oak (Quercus robur, Quercus petrea) 85 ---
5.2.4 Interpretation Key for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) 93 ---
5.2.5 Interpretation Key for Silver Fir (Abies alba) 103 ---
5.2.6 Interpretation Key for Turkey Oak (Quercus cerris) 111 ---
5.2.7 Interpretation Key for European Chestnut (Castanea sativa) 117 ---
5.2.8 Interpretation Key for Holm Oak (Quercus ilex) 123 ---
5.2.9 Interpretation Key for Machia 129 ---
5.2.10 Interpretation Key for Umbrella Pine (Pinus pinea) 135 ---
5.2.11 Interpretation Key for Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis) 141 ---
5.2.12 Interpretation Key for Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) 147 ---
5.2.13 Interpretation Key for Black Pine (Pinus nigra, var.austriaca) 153 ---
5.2.14 Interpretation Key for Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) 157 ---
5.2.15 Interpretation Key for Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis) 163 ---
5.2.16 Interpretation Key for European Larch (Larix decidua) 169 ---
5.2.17 Interpretation Key for Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) 175 ---
5.3 Interpretation Key for stand damage levels in medium scaled CIR- aerial photographs. 181 ---
5.4 Interpretation key for determining the natural age class of forest stands 185 ---
5.5 Compilation of additional Interpretation Keys 193 ---
5.6 Requirement profile for aerial photograph - interpreters and their training 194 ---
5.7 Preparation of interpretation work 195 ---
5.8 Conduction of interpretation work 196 ---
5.8.1 Perception and interpretation of aerial photographs 196 ---
5.8.2 Control check of the interpretation 197 ---
5.9 Visual interpretation versus densitometric measurement 198 ---
5.10 Interpretation instruments 198 ---
6 STATISTICS 201 ---
6.1 Statistical analysis 203 ---
6.1.1 Selection of single trees 203 ---
6.1.2 Selection of trees on sample plots 204 ---
6.1.3 Confidence intervals for more than 2 classes 204 ---
6.1.4 Sample size for estimating proportions 205 ---
6.2 Estimation of changes over time 206 ---
6.2.1 Overlap of confidence intervals 206 ---
6.2.2 Proportion of plots or trees without any change 207 ---
6.2.3 Change matrices 207 ---
6.2.4 Coefficients of agreement 208 ---
6.3 Spatial statistics 210 ---
6.4 Statistical software 210 ---
7 Bibliography 211
Branch Library:
GFZ Library
