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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010101
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
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    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 2-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010102
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
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    Effect of hydrostatic pressure on polyethylene melt rheology (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 14-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A description is given of the procedure and equipment used for the purpose of studying the effect of hydrostatic pressure upon the capillary flow properties of polymer melts. Flow properties are reported for a low density polyethylene over a wide range of temperatures, die sizes, different pressures and hydrostatic pressures.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    A study of the polymerization of thermosetting polymers by electrical resistivity techniques (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 3-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study was designed to show the nature of weathering of an elastomer poly( ester-urethane), and to indicate methods of overcoining the deficiency. Unprotected polymer, when exposed to UV radiation in a Weatherometer, showed deterioration which is characterized by loss of tensile strength, some increase in modulus, and a decreased extensibility of surface skin.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Thermomechanical studies of amorphous and crystalline polymers (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 9-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Translated from: Vysokomolekuliarnye Soedineniia 2, 778-84 (May 1960). A thermomechanical study was made of the softening of crystalline polymers during uniform, uniaxial stretch and also of the effect of the rate of heating upon the softening or amorphous polymers. The effect of the tensile force on the thermo-mechanical behavior of various polymers was measured over the range 20 to 100 kg/cm2 and within wide temperature limits (-150° to 250°C). Ribbons 50 mm long, 2-4 mm wide and 0.05 to 0.5 mm thick served as specimens.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010104
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Mechanisms of ultraviolet stabilization of plastics (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 26-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effectiveness of ultraviolet stabilizers of various types of polyolefin, cellulose ester, and poly (vinyl chloride) plastics was investigated. Most of these stabilizers were of the ultraviolet-absorbing type but two were of the nonabsorbing type. Exposures were made both outdoors and indoors in a Twin-Arc Weatherometer. The latter was modified by the addition of ten 20-watt fluorescent sun lamps to remedy the short-ultraviolet deficiency of the enclosed carbon arcs.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Ultraviolet degradation of plastics and the use of protective ultraviolet absorbers (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 21-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The degradation of plastics by ultraviolet energy and the use of protective ultraviolet absorbers to improve stability necessitate studies along several lines. These include (a) the measurement of the ultraviolet spectral energy distribution of sunlight and of the indoor accelerated test sources, (b) the measurement of the extent of degradation as a function of the wavelength of the incident radiation, (c) an estimate of the absorbing effectiveness of the added protective agents, and (d) the stability of the protective ultraviolet absorbers themselves.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010106
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    The effect of molecular weight distribution on the flow properties of polyethylene (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 40-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The non-Newtonian flow behavior of polyethylene has been investigated with respect to the effects of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. Effects of die geometry on melt fracture as well as preliminary extrudate orientation studies are discussed.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010109
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  • 9
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    A study of the weathering of an elastomeric polyurethane (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study was designed to show the nature of weathering of an elastomer poly(ester-urethane), and to indicate methods of overcoming the deficiency. Unprotected polymer, when exposed to UV radiation in a Weatherometer, showed deterioration which is characterized by loss of tensile strength, some increase in modulus, and a decreased extensibility of surface skin.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010108
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Research is key to progress in the plastics industry (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 52-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010111
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  • 11
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    Hydroxy alkyl phosphate esters as curing agents for epoxy resins (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new curing system which yields room temperature curing epoxy adhesives with high bond strength and softening point has been developed for service in contact with high explosives. Bisphenol A type resins cured with hydroxyl alkyl phosphate acid esters are used. Short pot life and relatively low alkali resistance are drawbacks of the system.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010110
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010201
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  • 13
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    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 54-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010202
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  • 14
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    How can scientists keep up with science? (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 56-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010203
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  • 15
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    Cryogenic adhesive properties of bisphenol-A epoxy resins (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This article includes a comparison of the adhesive properties of bisphenol-A expoxides at 300°K and 76°K with respect to the molecular weight of the uncured resins. Joints of 2024 aluminum were tested at 300°K and 76°K in tensile-shear and in impact-shear, and total linear thermal contraction of the cured resins was measured between the two temperatures. Results are discussed with respect to residual joint stresses and adsorptive properties of the resins.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010207
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  • 16
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    A method for determination of maximum heat resistance of plastics (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 63-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new method for measuring heat stability and temperature of degradation of thermosetting plastics is described, as well as an improved method for the determination of transition temperature into glassy or viscous state for thermosetting resins. Magnitude of elastic deformation is tied in with length of polymer chain and lattice density.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010205
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  • 17
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    Dielectric properties of plasticized melamine resins (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 68-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: During the last thrity years, dielectric measurements have been employed extensively to provide a better understanding of the interactions between polymer and plasticizer in various thermoplastic formulations. Recently, a series of melamine resins, plasticized to the extent that shrinkage and internal stress were modified, became available. Since there is little information in the literature concerning the dielectric properties of such thermosetting resins, a study was made of the variation of dielectric constant and loss as a function of frequency and temperature.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010206
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  • 18
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    Some functions of 2-hydroxybenzophenones as weathering stabilizers for polymers (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Derivatives of 2-hydroxybenzophenone are well-known stabilizers for such polymers as cellulose acetate butyrate and polyesters. Their stabilization effectiveness is commonly associated with their ability to screen a polymer from the harmful ultraviolet radiation found in sunlight. They also satisfy other requirements for effective stabilizers, namely, compatibility with many polymers and an inherent stability to ultraviolet light. Several other functions of 2 hydroxybenzophenones in stabilizing a polymer to ultraviolet light have been postulated, but little experimental data related to them are available. This paper deals with some of the additional functions of 2-hydroxybenzophenones in weathering stabilization as investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010204
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    Electrical resistivity of polymers (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 80-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The magnitude and temperature dependence of the electrical resistivities of a number of thermoplastic and thermosetting high polymers have been determined. Activation energies for the electrical conduction process Ee have been calculated and found to vary from 12 to 60 Kcal/mole depending upon the structure of the polymer. Results are interpreted in terms of an ionic diffusion process and discussed in terms of the structure of the polymers.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010208
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  • 20
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    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 102-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010302
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  • 21
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    Masthead (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010301
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  • 22
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    Polyethylene flow data from melt viscometer and commercial extruder measurements (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 86-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: For broad ranges of operating conditions and a wide variety of high pressure polyethylenes, the flow data obtained from a high shear viscometer and a commercial extruder are identical. Discrepancies between flow data can result from non steady state viscosities in the high shear viscometer, or from cooled screw extruder operation. In the broad regions in which the flow data concur, the readily obtained viscometer data are suitable for predictions of extruder performance. The principle is illustrated by the good correlation of a viscometer flow curve parameter and the screw power consumption in the extruder. Principles outlined for flow data identity and extruder performance prediction are believed to be general, but the quantitative limits defined are specific to the extrusion devices involved.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010209
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  • 23
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    An investigation of some variables affecting impact resistant thermoplastics (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Recent technology has evolved a number of dissimilar thermoplastics which under conditions of ambient temperature and impact loading show both the high modulus, which is mainly a property of brittle polymers in the glassy state, and also the impact resistance, such as may be expected of polymers in the rubbery state. Several of these special plastics were examined by electronmicroscopy and also with respect to several aspects of their mechanical behavior to establish by direct observation and inference whether or not different types of plastics exhibit some common features of structure which promote impact resistance. These observations suggest the hypothesis that special circumstances of domain heterogeneity can override many other variables of composition or molecular structures in controlling the fracture mechanism.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010210
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  • 24
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    Best of ANTEC - SPE Transactions (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 104-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010303
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  • 25
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    Thermodynamic diagrams for polyethylene resins (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 105-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: For resins of room temperature density 0.91 to 0.96 g/cc, enthaply and internal energy diagrams have been developed from 0 to 200°C and up to 1000 atmospheres. These diagrams can be used for estimating properties for which data are not available, and provide unified view of many properties of polyethylene under conditions of fabrication and use. Extent of crystallinity estimates can be made from enthalpy, internal energy, specific volume, compressibility and melting point data provided for hypothetical amorphous, crystalline and actual resins.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010304
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  • 26
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    The strength of glassy polymers (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The Griffith theory for brittle fracture predicts that the tensile strength should be inversely proportional to the square root of the size of a defect or flaw in the sample tested. The validity of this relation has been investigated for the glassy polymers, poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystrene. The results indicate that the strength of the polymers depends on two factors: (1) the surface energy, and (2) the inherent flaw size. The surface energy is primarily that dissipated in a viscous flow process and the inherent flaw size is related to the tendency of the polymer to craze under stress.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010305
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  • 27
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    The effect of extrusion variables on the fundamental properties of tubular polythene film (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 121-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The mechanism of formation of tubular polythene film is a complicated process, and extensive studies have shown that the properties of the film made are influenced profoundly and in a complex way both by the processing conditions used by certain design features of the equipment. Studies of the effect of the extrusion variables on the more important film properties, both optical and mechanical, are reviewed in this paper. The results are discussed in terms of the fundamental nature of polythene film, its surface, its crystalline structure and its orientation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010307
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  • 28
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    Flow patterns in a non-Newtonian fluid in a single-screw extruder (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 113-120 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Flow patterns in the channel of a screw extruder have been investigated in a study utilizing a model extruder with stationary screw and a rotating, transparent barrel. Photographs of flow streamlines at conditions over the full range of output restriction are presented for a non-Newtonian fluid. A technique employing photographs of particle tracers was used with the same apparatus to permit quantitative measurement of velocity profiles with both a Newtonian and a non-Newtonian fluid.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010306
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  • 29
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    Inorganic-organic high polymers, phenoxyaldehyde resins of Titanium (IV) and Hafnium (IV) (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 139-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new series of inorganic-organic high polymers have been synthesized namely; the metaloxene polymers of phenolaldehyde. Titanium (IV), Zirconium (IV) and Hafnium (IV) phenolaldehyde have been prepared and other metals especially the refractory type metals may merit further development as calorobic plastic materials. The hafnium resin has been compression molded into a rocket-nozzle insert shape with satisfactory rocket-firing results.
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    New frontiers in the field of macromolecules (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 147-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010311
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    Resins from cyclohexene oxide derivatives and fatty acids (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 143-146 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This article describes preparation of resins as described in the title above, and the effect of concentration of the diepoxide, dimer acid, and initiator (stannous octoate). Proportion of dimer acid and diepoxide has a marked influence on hardness and tensile properties of resins. Change in tensile properties upon aging correlates very well with change in hardness. Higher proportions of dimer acid produce softer, more flexible resins. The resins have unique electrical properties at temperature up to 175°C, apparently because of the high proportion of hydrocarbon in the resin.
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    Masthead (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010401
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    Effect of gamma radiation on chemical structure of plastics (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 133-138 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Twelve plastics representing various chemical structures were studied as part of a program to determine the utility of plastics as packaging materials in the high radiation presentation of food. The plastics were exposed to selected dosages of Cobalt-60 gamma radiation in vacuum and in air. Gas evolution and changes in infrared spectra as a result of irradiation were used to hypothesize the relative stability of these plastics to irradiation. Based on these facts it was found that plastics containing conjugated ring systems, ionic linkages, and chlorine in side groups were the most stable.
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    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 150-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010402
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    First year for spe transactions (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 152-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010403
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    An empirical method for … The prediction of liquid permeation in polyethylene and related polymers (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 153-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Permeability properties depend on the size, shape and polarity of the permeating molecule. Permeability of organic liquids, polar or non-polar, can be quite accurately predicted if the chemical composition of the permeant is known. By the choice of an arbitrary value (unity) as an indicator for the carbon atom, numbers specific to each structural element of the permeating molecule can be computed from previous experimental data. These numbers, herein called “Permachor” values (π), then combine by simple addition to relate the logarithm of a liquid's permeation in polyethylene.
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    Polymers as conductors and semi-conductors (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 169-176 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mobile ions can be introduced thereby increasing the conductivity, with a limiting operating temperature range of 200°-250°C. Conductivity can be increased with the formation of conjugatd double bonds. Polymeric compounds may be synthesized with metallocyclic groups, where an atom of metal is bound to nitrogen atoms in a heterocyclic system in the basic chain of conjugation of the macromolecule. Here phtalocyanimes possess the greatest thermal stability. Lastly there are semiconducting polymers with conjugated double bonds containing hetero-atoms in the principle chain, having unpaired electrons of oxygen and nitrogen.
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    The thermodynamics of biaxial elongationSupported in part by a contract from the Office of Naval Research and in part by: grants from the National Science Foundation, the Plax Corporation and assistance from the Monsanto Chemical Company. (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 164-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: If temperature variations of forces in both directions are observed simultaneously at constant simple dimensions, internal energy and entropy changes on elongation in those directions may be calculated at constant volume and in the more common experimental condition of constant pressure. Thermodynamic derivatives at constant volume are important for fundamental molecular interpretation being related to configuration change. Constant pressure quantities were therefore changed into constant volume ones by the use of an evaluated correction term, involving average Young Moduli and thermal expansion coefficient.
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    Dynamic measurement of mechanical moduli I (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 177-179 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Equipment is described for measurement of Young's and shear modulus on the same identical polymer sample, by a free-vibration method. Strain gauges are used as sensors in an automatic recorder. Young's modulus and damping, shear modulus and damping and Poisson's ratio are reported over a range of temperature for polypropylene, Nylon 66 and poly (methylmethacrylate). It is found that Poisson's ratio shows a dip in the glass transition region and that values greater than the infinitesimal strain limit of 0.5 are obtained in the rubbery region.
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    An introduction to the glass-resin interface section (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 180-180 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760010408
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    Physical techniques used in studying interfacial phenomena (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 181-190 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Adsorption studies on powdered and planar surfaces yield significant information regarding the rate and degree of interaction between the substrate and the organic adsorbate. Investigative tools include contact angle measurement, radiotracer methods, ellipsometry, x-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, elegant infrared techniques, dynamic desorption techniques, and film balance applications.
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    A study of the finish mechanism: Glass to finish, finish thickness and finish to resin (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 214-223 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A solution of substituted alkyl alkoxy silanes was applied to E-glass filament strands before forming glass-resin composite hoops, which were tested to relate changes in hoop physical properties to the nature of the coupling agent-size application. Continuously heat cleaning E-glass in oxygen-enriched air gives a strand that, when properly coated with size and laminated, makes a hoop with superior strength and modulus properties.
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    A new interpretation of the glass-coupling agent surface through use of electron microscopy (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 224-233 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Theoretically a monolayer or insignificant weight per cent of coupling agent should give optimum properties for fiber glass-resin composites, contrary to commercial practice. Studies of variation of chemical bonding between the coupling agent and the resin and the study of the degree of bonding of the coupling agents to the glass by extraction techniques have not explained this effect. However, new techniques of electron microscopy have revealed details of loading distribution and agglomeration on the glass fiber which tend to explain this effect.
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    The chemistry of chromium complexes used as coupling agents in fiberglass resin laminates (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 199-213 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The chromium complex is chemically bonded by ion exchange with alkali cations to strongly acidic sites in the glass surface. These sites are formed by the isomorphous replacement of silicon by boron and aluminum in the network structure. Polymerized complexes are better bonding agents than monomeric ones. Specific interactions between organic groups on the chrome complex and the bonding resins also determine laminate strength and water resistance.
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    Study of the interaction of organic monomers and water with fiberglass by Sorption methods (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 191-198 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Interfacial reactions between organosilane-treated fiberglass and styrene, and bond conditions in these and in polymerized ethylene oxide and epichlorhydrin-E-glass systems were investigated. The vinyl functionality of some alkenylsilanes showed little effect on the polymerization of styrene on E-glass. The polymerization of this aromatic monomer on vinyltrichlorosilane-reacted fiberglass did not result in interfacial bond formation. Sorption of water on organosilane-coated glass at different temperatures suggested that permeation of the adsorbate into the bulk of the substrate was determined by diffusive transfer of water molecules.
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    Masthead (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962) 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    The degree of bonding between coupling agents and glass filaments ¨ a study ¨ (1961)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 1 (1961), S. 234-244 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Evidence indicates that there is a chemical bond between the coupling agent of either silane or chrome complex type and the glass substrate, but that this chemical bond may be strong or weak, depending on the elements making up the bond and the other elements in the immediate area surrounding the bond. These elements can exert either a beneficial or detrimental effect on the strength of that bond. Other evidence is given to show that a vapor phase treatment that applies silane coupling agents like A-1100 to “E” glass gives the highest known strength retention values. A mechanism is advanced to explain the bridging of unreactive sites on glass surfaces by silane coupling agents applied from solution.
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    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 2-4 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    Crystallization kinetic studies of vinylidene chloride-alkyl acrylate copolymers by torsional measurementsPresented at the 140th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, September 3-8, 1961. (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 7-10 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: By following the changes in torsional modulus as a function of time, the kinetics of crystallization of three copolymers of vinylidene chloride containing 10% mole % alkyl acrylate were investigated and the geometrical growth and nucleation constant of the Avrami equation was determined. Isotherms were superimposable within certain temperature ranges while the nucleation constant decreased with a decrease in temperature. Rate of crystallization increased with increase of the alkyl side chain length.
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    The hidden ingredient in plastics (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 5-6 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    Comparative chemical means of assessing polyethylene oxidizabilityThis paper was presented as part of the Symposium on Stabilization of Polyolefins Sponsored by the Division of Paint, Plastics, and Printing Ink Chemistry at the 135th Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Boston, Massachusetts, April 1959. (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 11-20 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: This paper compares results of four accelerated oxidation tests: the hot milling test, reaction with fuming nitric acid, absorption of oxygen gas at elevated temperature and the redox system - polyethylene - lead peroxide ignition test. The length of the induction period, is a product of antioxidant concentration but not of the inherent oxidizability of the resin. Discrepancies between induction periods as measured by oxygen absorption and hot milling differ because in the former the volume of pure oxygen absorbed is measured and in the latter the electrical consequences of air oxidation. In addition other polymeric degradation occur in milling. Nitric Acid treatment measures the effect of nitric acid upon the specific viscosity and is useful for chain scission comparisons. The ignition tests reflect both inherent oxidizability and presence of antioxidant. All four tests reflect oxidation parameters.
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    Radiation and moisture effects in polymerized epoxy resinSupported in part by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission under Contract at(30-1)-1858. (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 21-24 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The effects of moisture and rather large doses of reactor radiation (∼4 × 1011 ergs/gm) on the dynamic properties of polymerized epoxy resins have been investigated over the temperature range of 80°-450°K and at frequencies from 200 to 1400 cps. Data are presented for both unfilled and aluminum-filled systems of a bisphenol A based epoxy, (Epon 828) cured with metaphenylenediamine. Moisture absorption (0.88%) causes a shift of the main glass transition near 440°K to lower temperatures (∼25 degrees for unfilled epoxy). This is similar to the plasticizing action of small molecules absorbed in other polymers such as nylon 6-6. Irradiation to a dose of 4 × 1011 ergs/gm (4 × 109 rads) causes a shift to lower temperatures (∼50 degrees) of the onset of the main transition, and, in addition, results in both a shift to lower temperatures and a decrease in maximum height of the damping peak near 250°K. Chain scission, in a loosening of the structure and the breaking up of the partially flexible connecting groups, may be responsible for these radiation effects.
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    The effect of polymerization catalysts on the rate of degradation of isotactic polypropylene (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 25-27 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: One of the reasons for purification of low-pressure polymerization products is the assumed degradation effects of retained catalysts. Degree of degradation was determined from the change in viscosity number. Effects of catalysts on active sights and deactivation were noted along with degradation in the presence of air and oxygen in addition to determining, the effect of antioxidants. Individual components of the catalyst may have the ability to intensify the effect of any antioxidant and affect the rate of degradation where catalyst influence was better defined in the presence of oxygen.
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    An introduction to dynamic behaviour of high polymers symposium papers (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 55-56 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Bibliography on ultraviolet degradation and stabilization of plastics (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 32-54 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A bibliography of references from 1957 through 1960 was prepared containing the following sub-headings: Protective Ultraviolet Absorbers, Light Sources, Light Fastness Evaluation, Plastics Degradation and Stabilization Polyesters, Polystyrene, Polyvinylchloride, Polyethylene, Polyacrylo and Methacrylonitrile, Polymethyl Methacrylate, Cellulose Acetate and Nitrate, Polyvinyl alcohol, Polyamides, Wool, Rubber, Silicone Resin, Wood, Dyes and Paint Films, Epoxy, Melamine and Urea Formaldehyde, Oil Films, General Mechanical Degradation, Free Radicals and ESR, Photochemistry, Photochemistry and Spectroscopy at Low Temperatures, Antioxidants and Free Radical Scavengers, Flash Photolysis, Energy Transfer, Phosphorence and the Triplet State, Fluorescence.
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    Dynamic shear behavior of high polymers at low frequencies (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 65-73 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The experimental techniques used to measure the dynamic shear behaviour of polymers at low frequencies, that is below 10 sec-1, are discussed with particular reference to the torsion pendulum. The various types of relaxations which can occur in amorphous and semicrystalline polymers are considered. Polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, and polystyrene are examples of amorphous polymers. The effects of crosslinking, intermolecular forces, steric effects, and plasticizers on the main glass transition of other amorphous polymers are also described. Polytetrafluorethylene is an example of a linear, semi-crystalline polymer. The effect of introducing trifluoromethyl groups along the chain in copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene is described. Results obtained with polypropylene are also discussed.
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    Dynamic elastic behavior or high polymers at audiofrequenciesSupported in part by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission under Contract No. AT(30-1)-1858, and by the National Science Foundation. (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 57-64 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A brief description is given of the use of a resonant-bar type apparatus for measurement of the dynamic elastic modulus and the associated damping or internal friction of a solid polymer. Each different type of polymer is found to exhibit a characteristic internal friction spectrum when explored over the temperature range from liquid nitrogen temperatures to the melting point. These spectra are characterized by the occurrence of one or more peaks in the mechanical loss data centered about certain temperatures, accompanied by an associated drop in dynamic modulus. By variation of polymer composition and of polymer structure, by addition of low molecular weight compounds, and by subjection of samples to irradiation, considerable additional information can be gained that would be helpful in determining the nature of the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the observed transitions. Dynamic mechanical data are presented and discussed for a series of poly(alpha olefins) with methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and isobutyl side chains to depict the effects of crystallinity, side chain length and side chain structure on the observed transitions.
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    The relationships between the structures of organic phosphites and their effectiveness in poly(vinyl chloride) stabilization (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 28-31 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A series of thirty-three phosphites of varied structural variations were tested at 177°C in a vinyl compound utilizing co-precipitated barium cadmium laurate or a combination of barium nonylphenate and cadmium 2-ethylhexoate as the primary stabilizer. Best activity was found with mixed alky-aryl phosphites.
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    Creep of high polymers (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 74-81 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: For polymers the isothermal creep compliance shows a major dispersion region from the glassy compliance Jg to the quasi-equilibrium compliance Je. Further increases in compliance are associated with viscous flow. There is no detailed molecular mechanism to explain these phenomena although the modified Rouse theory and the postulated entanglement coupling present a reasonable physical concept. To empirically describe the creep curves of polycrystalline metals, a power law (\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \varepsilon $\end{document} = mt-n) has frequently been used, where \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \varepsilon $\end{document} is the creep rate, t is the time and m and n are constants with O≤n≤. In particular, n equal to 2/3 leads to Andrade creep, a relationship which is applicable to both polymers and metals. A comparison of the creep behavior of polymers and polycrystalline metals shows many points of similarity.
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    Dielectric properties of solid polymers (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 82-85 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Dielectric measurements were used to study dielectric constant and loss index of poly(p-chlorostyrene) and poly(m-chlorostyrene) over a temperature and frequency range. Relaxation processes are observed and mechanisms are proposed for crystalline structures. Axial rotation discussed here has been used to explain NMR data.
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    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 94-96 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Masthead (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962) 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    Transitions in polymers by nuclear magnetic resonanceSupported in part by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission under Contract AT(30-1)-1858, and by a research grant (a2704) from the Public Health Service.¨ a study ¨ (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 86-91 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The principles of nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR, are briefly reviewed and the use of proton resonance for the study of segmental motion in solid high polymers is outlined. Studies of the temperature dependence of NMR spectra have shown that both completely amorphous and partially crystalline polymers exhibit NMR line narrowing processes at temperatures near the respective glass transition temperature due to increased segmental motion. The presence of small molecules, such as H2O or D2O in the polyamides, or a change of tacticity to a greater isotatic content, such as for poly(methyl methacrylate), is found to lower this line narrowing process on the temperature scale. Heating of polyethylene single crystal aggregates at temperatures somewhat below the melting point also leads to a decrease in temperature for this line narrowing process, presumeably due to the introduction of defects in the polymer crystals. In the ≤ 77°K to 200°K region numerous polymers having methyl and methyl group containing side chains are found to exhibit line width and second moment dispersions, attributed to methyl group rotation. If the methyl group is attached to a phenyl or ester side chain, methyl rotation takes place at 77° K and below.
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    The chemists becomes an apprentice of living nature (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 97-98 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Novel polymerization methods. Introduction (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 99-99 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: New methods, new structures leading to novel properties are presented in a collection of summaries. Areas discussed were: thiosemicarbazides, organometallic initiation of allene polymerization, poly(1,1,4,4,-tetramethyl-1,3-butadiene), emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate with protein detergent solubilizing agents, alkali metal organic catalysts for stereospecific polymerization, anionic polymerization of dienes, rate constants in anionic polymerization, a series on polymerization by oxidative coupling with amine copper salt catalysts, block polymerization by vapor phase swelling, intra-intermolecular propagation in the solid-state and radiation induced polymerization.
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    Polymerization of allen by organometallic initiation (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 101-102 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Poly (1,1,4,4-teramethyl-1, 3-butadiene) (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 102-103 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Preparation, properties and applications of polymeric thiosemicarbazidesFull description will be given in two papers entitled Polymeric Thiosemicarbazides I-Preparation and Properties of the Polymers and Some Simple Metallic Chelates and Polymeric Thiosemicarbazides II-Effect of Chemical Structure on Chelating Properties, Structure of Chelates, Both are in print in the Journal of Polymer Science. (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 100-101 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    An emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate employing protein-detergent solubilizing agents (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 104-105 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Sterospecific polymerization with alkali metal organic compounds (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 105-106 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Polymer association and chain structure in anionic polymerization of dienes (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 106-107 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Polymerization by oxidative coupling (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 108-109 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    General considerations in the copper-amine catalyzed polymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 109-110 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    Role of the copper-amine complexes in the initial step of the oxidative-coupling reaction (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 110-111 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Determination of absolute rate constants of copolymerization in anionic polymerization (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 107-107 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    The kinetics and propagation mechanism of the oxidative polymerization of 2,6-xylenol (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 112-113 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Block copolymerization by vapor phase swelling (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 114-115 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Alternating intra-intermolecular propagation in the solid state (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 116-117 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    High-pressure polymerization induced by gamma radiation (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 117-118 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Turbidimetric determination of the molecular weight distribution of linear polyethylene (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 119-121 
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    Notes: α-Chloronaphthalene plus 30 weight percent of dimethylphthalate was the solvent with 0.5% ethyl cellulose as stabilizer. A polymer concentration of 0.0025% gave optimum results. A parameter S which is defined as the difference in temperature between 20% and 50% of the total reduction in phototube output is related linearly to a parameter of the Wesslau distribution.
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    Novel phosphorus containing polymers (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 122-125 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    Notes: Tris-hydroxymethylphosphine oxide (THPO) derived from commercially available tetrakishydroxy-methylphosphonium chloride (THPC), was studied for its flame retardant properties in reactions with carboxylic acids, anhydrides, diisocyanates, urea, phenol, acyl and aroyl halides. Then the monobenzylated derivative of THPO referred to as BHPO was studied, which is more stable and more reactive with difunctional molecules.
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    Prediction of long-term strength of reinforced plastics. Treatment of prot linear stress-rupture data (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 126-134 
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    Notes: Failing stresses of glass-reinforced plastics and of polystyrene were determined at room temperature. It was found that if an initial load of 40% of the short-term tensile strength of the material is imposed, good agreement exists between the results of accelerated tests and long-term, fixed load measurements for periods of 10,000 hours for the reinforced plastics.
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    An introduction to the symposium on new methods of evaluating polymers (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 139-139 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    Olefin-substituted silicas as active fillers for polymers (1962)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 135-138 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    Notes: Silicas have been synthesized of which the OH groups have been substituted for organic radicals with double bonds. The methanol, benzene and heptane sorption isotherms of the olefin-substituted silica specimens have been determined. It has been shown that the sorption of the vapors decreases with increasing substitution of the OH group by the organic radicals. The organosubstituted silicas were used as fillers of polymethylmethacrylate.
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    The oxyluminescence of polymers III. Effects of oxidation and structure; Mechanisms involved (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 246-253 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Studies of polypropylene oxyluminescence show the luminous intensity to be dependent upon the degre of oxidation. The length of the low intensity level portion of the luninescence curve, or pseudo induction period, was found to be a measure of the useful stabilizer life, and the intensity of this portion indicative of the effectiveness of stabilization. The effect of peroxide decomposers was studied and results indicate that peroxide reactions are major producers of luminescence. Analysis of the accepted modes of polymer oxidation, in view of our luminescence findings, indicate that the rate of luminescence buildup should depend upon ease of R. formation and the luminous intensity should be dependent on peroxy radical concentration. The effect of tertiary-carbon content on luminescence was also investigated, and luminous intensity was found to be dependent upon the amount of polymer branching. Model Compounds having slight structural variations were examined and were found to produce different intensity-time curves during oxidation, which may be attributed to ease of formation of a reactive site and subsequent peroxy radical reactions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050407
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    Investigation of thiazole polymers for thermally stable plastics (1965)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 5 (1965), S. 263-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Sixteen polymers containing thiazole and aromatic rings in the polymer chain were prepared and investigated for the production of fibers and films that would be useful up to about 500°C. None of these polymers was completely satisfactory. Some of the polymers gave tough fibers and films, but they had relatively low melting points (〈300°C). Other polymers did not melt below 500°C, but they did not have good fiber and film forming properties because of their low molecular weights. Fibers and films of one of the polymers (polytetramethylenephenylenethiazole) were prepared, and their physical properties, hydrolytic stabilites under acid and alkaline conditions, and resistence to ultraviolet and gamma radiations were determined.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760050409
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    The mechanism of thermal degradation of certain polyether-polyurethansThis paper represents one phase of research performed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Contact NAS7-100 (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 36-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper is an account of some studies of the mechanism of degradation of an uncrosslinked polyurethan prepared from poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) and 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) at temperatures up to 320°C in a vacuum or inert atmosphere. Fractionation of polymers before and after degradation provides information about the mechanism of degradation since the molecular weight distributions obtained are dependent on the mode and sites of bond scission. A recent publication describes the column elution method of fractionation developed for undergraded and slightly degraded PPG-TDI. PPO-TDI gives essentially most probable molecular weight distributions at an initial intrinsic viscosity [η] of ∼ 0.68 dl/g and also after degradation to [η] ∼ 0.24 dl/g. This invariancy of the distribution strongly suggests a randon scission process. Other types of degradation, e.g., free-radical unzipping initiated at the chain ends, could also give invariant most probable distributions. However, such depolymerizations would be accompanied by much larger extents of volatilization than were observed for these polymers (〈5% volatilization).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060107
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    Effects of moisture on glycidyl reactions with carboxylic acid anhydrides (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Moisture present in epoxy anhyride composites may hydrolyze the anhydride and cause major changes in the mechanical and chemical properties of the final composite. Heat distortion data and infrared spectroscopy are used to analyze the changes caused by the presence of the moisture. As the concentraton of water is increased, there is a decrease in the heat distortion or gass transition temperature. The decrease is due to a change in the crosslinking network and is caused by the reduction of the functonality of the epoxy group for acid as compared to the anhydride. Where rigid specifications must be met it is essential that the moisture level in the fillers, resins, etc. be kept constant.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060112
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    Masthead (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060201
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  • 90
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    Thermal and oxidative effects in polyethylenes above 200°C (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 117-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: There is considerable literature on the behavior of polyethylene below 200°C and above 400°C. This paper presents results on both high and low density polyethylene between 2000 and 400°C, a range of practical import for various fabrication and processing steps. Practical exposure times may be short and the experimental procedures were designed to give meaningful results for times as low as 1 min. The principal effects are chain-session and oxidation. Session was isolated by applying an atmosphere of pure nitrogen and proved uite shlow at 300°C but rapid at 400°C. The course of scission and produces discoloration, odor, and rising carbonyl content. A brief discussion is given of the role of diffusion in oxidation.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060205
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  • 91
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    The effect of silane coupling agents in improving the properties of filled or reinforced thermoplastics (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 97-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The application of silane coupling action produces significant improvements in physical properties in various thermpolastic resin systems. Both glass-reinforced thermoplastics and the more conventional filled thermoplastic resin systems were studied. An order of specificity between resin and coupling agent exists for thermoplastic resins similar to that of thermosets. The interaction with thermosets is considered copolymerization, wereas that with thermoplastics is not yet clearly defined. The silanes are incorporated by pre-treatment (best for glass reinforcement) or by addition during normal compounding. Fillers are added for a specific result, often with sacrifice of physical strength. Data presented show that silane addition upgrades filled thermoplastics to the level of clear resins and sometimes above. The effect of silanes on electrical properties of filled thermoplastics are also reported.
    Additional Material: 20 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060203
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  • 92
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    Photometric method for measuring crazing in transparent plastic materials (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An optical method has been developed to provide quantitative results useful for characterizing the crazing of transparent plastics. The procedure consists of the detection of discontinuities in a beam of light that scans the specimen in a direction perpendicular to the line of crazing. The light is transmitted to a photomultiplier that is connected with an amplifying system and a recorder that provides a diagram of the light energy modulated by the lines of crazing. The specimen is scanner both before and after subjecting it to a treatment that causes crazing, and the crazing index is considered to be the difference between the area below the two curves.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060207
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    The impact behavior of rigid PVC compounds (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 169-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Many rigid PVC compounds show a sharp transition from tough to brittle fracture with decreasing temperature in impact testing, and this temperature becomes a criterion of compound quality in addition to the impact strength observed at specific temperatures. This BT (brittle fracture) has been investigated individuall in commercial and experimental elastomer modified rigid PVC compounds. Factors affecting the BT include speciman thickness, composition and processing conditions. Apparently the discontinuity in impact behavior is a sudden manifestation of a gradual change, resulting in a near ten-fold decrease in notched impact strength without any obvious change in properties. The BT provides a continuous scale for comparing impact properties of compounds, and is thus more versatile and sensitive than impact tests run at a single temperature.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060214
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    Fundamentals of melt rheology, heat generation, and heat transfer as applied to polymer processing (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 158-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The flow of polymer melts is normally laminar, but pseudoplastic in character. That is, flow rate increases in proportion to a power higher then 1, usually between 1.5 and 4, of the applied pressure difference. Viscosities are extremely high - more then a mollion times that of water - so considerable heat is generated in the flowing melt by viscous dissipation of flow energy. This mode of heat generation is put to good practial use in the screw extruder, a device that converts plastic pellets into hot melt for shaping into pipe, sheets, coatings and molded products. Equations are given for computing flow rates and viscous dissipation rates. Heating (except by viscous working) and cooling of polymers are slow processes because all these materials are poor heat conducts nad their extreme viscosities make convection impracticable. The princliples of heat transfer are reviewed, and the solutions are given for some transient-conduction problems frequenlty encountered in processing. Equations are given for judging the operation of extruders.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060213
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    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 182-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060302
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  • 96
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    Non-Newtonian tangential flow in cylindrical annuli. IV (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 203-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Tangential flow of a “power law” model fluid between two concentric cylinders is analyzed. A constant angular pressure gradient is imposed and one of the cylinders is rotating at a constant angular velocity. This type of flow is of interest in screw extrusion theory. The error in the superposition, i.e., linear addition of tangential pressure and drag flows, for a “power law” model fluid, is quantitatively calculated and plotted in the form of a correction factor. Tangential pressure flow is compared to a pressure flow between parallel plates and additional correction factor to account for the curvature is derived and plotted. The applicability of the “power law” model for flow of polymer melts in extruders is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060306
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    Fundamentals of plasticating extrusion. III. Development of a mathematical model (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 198-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This article describes a general mathematical model summarized in the form of a computer program for the plasticating extruder. The model combines features of the metering-zone model previously published, the melting-zone model described in paper No. I of this series, and a feed-zone model based on an extension of known theories. It is based on theoretical models for each zone unified and improved by non-linear estimation to accurately describe the extrusion experiments.The mathematical model predicts temperature, pressure, and melt channel width profiles of the plastic being processed in the plasticating extruder as a function of design and operating variables of the machine. It enables for the first time the design of the whole machine based on temperature and pressure profiles, including new combinations of cylindrical and tapered roots.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060305
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    Fractional crystallization of polypropylene (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 213-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The development of a fractional crystallization technique for characterization of polypropylenes with respect to stereoregularity is described. It is a simple technique which is attractive for routine analysis and under suitable conditions yields quantitative data with good reproducibility. Separation by fractional crystallization from hot xylene solution is shown to take place according to polymer crystallizability and is relatively independent of molecular weight. It thus represents an alternative and in some ways superior approach to the more commonly used fractional extraction method. Preliminary work indicates that the fractional crystallization method may prove of value in establishing correlations between the stereoregular nature of polypropylenes and their physical properties.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060307
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    Influence of annealing on the density and tensile properties of polypropylene (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 244-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The density and tensile property changes in polypropylene resulting from various post-crystallization aging procedures are investigated with the aim of (1) establishing standard procedures for the evaluation of these properties and (2) determining which conditioning treatment will provide optimum tensile properties. The morphology and resultant tensile behavior of polypropylene are particularly sensitive to conditioning treatments in the temperature range 145-160°C. A procedure for compression molding plaques, carrying out isothermal annealing treatment in the 100-170°C range and gradual cooling is described. The dependence on annealing temperature of the density, elongation, tensile modulus and yield stress is given.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060312
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    Thermal conductivity of high polymers - the influence of molecular weight (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 260-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Some earlier observations on the influence of molecular weight, plasticizer, and irradiation on the thermal conductivity of polymers is reviewed. Also some new data on polystyrene and some new calculations based on the theory of Hansen and Ho are presented. These data show almost a two fold increase in the thermal conductivity of polystyrene as the molecular weight goes from 900 to 100,000. Data on the moleculer weight effect on thermal conductivity appear to be consistent with the theoretical calculations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060315
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