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  • 1
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the food chain and related issues, especially in lesser developed countries where supply chain problems and issues in the agribusiness sector are most dramatic. Each chapter provides the reader with an important perspective on the value chain either in local markets or in well-developed markets. The lessons learned from this book are pertinent to any aspect of the supply chain and to any country whether it be fully or lesser developed.
    Keywords: sustainability ; supply chain ; agriculture ; circular economy ; cassava ; wheat ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Drought and climate change have decreased water availability for agriculture in arid and semiarid regions, and therefore efficiency enhancements in irrigation water management aimed at conserving water are key to adjust to limits in water supply, as well as improve the profitability and sustainability of agricultural production. Agricultural water management tools and practices that reduce water uses with acceptable impacts on crop production are viable strategies required to cope with diminished water supplies and generate new sources of irrigation water. This Special Issue focuses on “Agricultural Water Conservation: Tools, Strategies, and Practices”, which aims to bring together a collection of recent cutting-edge research and advancements in applied agricultural water conservation. It provides a broad overview focusing on irrigation decision support systems, drought management plans, deficit irrigation strategies, soil mulching, surface and subsurface drip irrigation, conservation tillage, and optimal water and fertilizer management practices.
    Keywords: drought stress ; protein content ; rainfed ; yield stability ; wheat ; water quality ; agro-ecological wetland ; irrigation ; nutrients ; ecological status ; drought ; water scarcity ; risk-based approach ; drought management plan ; assessment protocol ; river basin scale ; rice ; water footprint ; nutrient use efficiency ; productivity ; profitability ; benefit-cost ratio ; physiological traits ; rainwater harvesting system ; rain-fed conditions and ridge-furrow mulching ; correlation ; environment ; humic acid ; PCA analysis ; rain-fed ; wheat varieties ; mulching ; spearmint ; yield ; ecophysiology ; essential oil ; hydrogel ; irrigation deficit ; mandarin ; proline ; irrigation emitter ; hydraulic performance ; energy dissipation mechanism ; structural design ; computational fluid dynamics ; food–water–energy nexus ; nitrate leaching ; precision agriculture ; water productivity ; irrigation management ; soil moisture ; potato fertigation ; leaf area index ; root mass density ; real water productivity ; field water balance ; subsurface pipe drainage ; soil salinity ; saline groundwater ; winter wheat ; numerical simulation ; cowpea ; deficit irrigation ; zinc ; amino acid ; biofortification ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue aims to highlight how plant breeding could contribute to strengthening sustainability in field crop production by integrating the application of modern technologies and tools. This Reprint contains eleven articles focusing on the most recent topic of plant breeding.
    Keywords: target-site resistance ; ahas ; als ; Triazolopyrimidine herbicide ; Lolium rigidum ; winter cereals ; CO2 enrichment ; drought stress ; WUE ; climate change ; Helianthus ; sunflower ; morphological ; sustainable ; glyphosate ; pesticide ; residue ; pollution ; weed control ; organic plant production ; barley ; Pyrenophora teres f. teres ; net blotch disease ; biotic stress ; superoxide dismutase ; antioxidant enzyme ; cereals ; water shortage ; carbon dioxide ; root development ; Triticum aestivum L. ; wheat ; seed germination ; seedling development ; germination time ; low-temperature stress ; leaf discolouration ; seedling stage ; SSR markers ; near-isogenic line ; rice (Oryza sativa L.) ; pepper ; general defence response ; tissue retention ; hypersensitivity response ; resistance breeding ; Agrobacterium-mediated transformation ; functional genomics ; Solanum lycopersicum L. ; Micro-Tom ; DsRed fluorescence ; Agrobacterium rhizogenes ; soil salinity stress ; adaptation ; environmental share ; interaction ; plant breeding ; sustainability ; pepper breeding ; bacterial spot resistance ; Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The survival of plants under stressful environments requires the study of the mechanisms that help in reversing the adverse impacts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) excessively generated under these conditions. Understanding the mechanisms helps in adopting strategies to induce such mechanisms for the better acclimation of plants. These ROS, if not scavenged, cause damage of cellular components, including lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, and, in extreme cases, even the death of cells in plants. Confronted with abiotic stress, there is an initial elevation in ROS that activates redox signaling to initiate defense in plants through the activation of antioxidant activity. The improvement in the capacity of antioxidant machinery is one of the essential strategies with which to develop tolerance and relieve the pressure of abiotic-stress-induced oxidative changes for the survival of plants. This reprint provides knowledge on the following aspects: Impact of abiotic stress factors and the response of antioxidant machinery to changing abiotic stress conditions, as well as strategies with which to strengthen antioxidant machinery for the survival of plants; Strategies to improve the tolerance mechanisms of plants against abiotic stress factors; Roles and the mechanisms of the plant signaling molecules/growth modifiers/mineral nutrients/hormones/other elicitors in relieving the impacts of abiotic stresses; The utilization of approaches such as genomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, ionomics, and nutiomics to strengthen antioxidant machinery and make plant life easier under abiotic stress conditions.
    Keywords: tomato ; photosynthesis ; root growth ; oxidative damage ; melatonin ; drought ; gene expression ; toxic metals/metalloid ; nanoparticles ; phytohormones ; phytoremediation ; reactive oxygen species ; antioxidant enzymes ; heavy metal stress ; ubiquitination ; protein degradation ; gas exchange features ; osmotic adjustment ; water deficiency ; water-use-efficiency ; antioxidant defense ; arabidopsis ; bioinformatic analysis ; SlBAG genes ; SlBAG9 ; Solanum lycopersicum ; antioxidants ; oxidative stress ; marker-free transgenic rice ; mature seed-derived calli ; pea DNA helicase 45 ; salinity stress tolerance ; ethylene response factor ; flooding stress ; metallothionein ; monodehydroascorbic acid reductase ; resistant cultivar ; respiratory burst oxidase ; sensitive cultivar ; biochemical metabolites ; plant growth ; stigmasterol ; wheat ; polyamine ; iron-deficiency ; transcriptomics ; BAG9 ; Hsps ; thermotolerance ; ethylene ; hydrogen sulfide ; nitric oxide ; rice ; Arabidopsis ; metabolome ; ROS ; rohitukine ; ascorbate peroxidase ; catalase ; hydrogen peroxide ; NADP dehydrogenases ; NADPH oxidase ; salt stress ; superoxide dismutase ; seed priming ; spermine ; chromium ; S1fa transcription factor ; cell wall ; yeast ; antioxidant enzyme ; heat stress ; betaine ; seed germination ; physiology ; biochemistry ; Hibiscus cannabinus ; physiological changes ; bioactive constituents ; antioxidant capacity ; bioactive molecules ; carotenoids ; flavonoids ; osmotic stress ; phenolic acids ; secondary metabolites ; exogenous spermidine ; lettuce ; transcriptome ; vanadium stress ; sweet potato ; antioxidant defense system ; stomatal traits ; antioxidant systems ; Cu stress ; leucine ; nitrogen metabolism ; peach ; polyamine uptake protein ; Put2 ; ascorbate ; Dittrichia ; glutathione ; thallium toxicity ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: When adopting remote sensing techniques in precision agriculture, there are two main areas to consider: data acquisition and data analysis methodologies. Imagery and remote sensor data collected using different platforms provide a variety of information volumes and formats. For example, recent research in precision agriculture has used multispectral images from different platforms, such as satellites, airborne, and, most recently, drones. These images have been used for various analyses, from the detection of pests and diseases, growth, and water status of crops to yield estimations. However, accurately detecting specific biotic or abiotic stresses requires a narrow range of spectral information to be analyzed for each application. In data analysis, the volume and complexity of data formats obtained using the latest technologies in remote sensing (e.g., a cube of data for hyperspectral imagery) demands complex data processing systems and data analysis using multiple inputs to estimate specific categorical or numerical targets. New and emerging methodologies within artificial intelligence, such as machine learning and deep learning, have enabled us to deal with these increasing data volumes and the analysis complexity.
    Keywords: vineyard ; pesticide application ; variable rate application ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; satellite ; nanosatellite ; monsoon crops ; leaf area index ; leaf chlorophyll concentration ; crop water content ; multispectral ; hyperspectral ; deep learning ; forage dry matter yield ; high-throughput phenotyping ; Brazilian pasture ; nitrogen indicator ; nitrogen nutrition diagnosis ; optical sensor ; spectral index ; UAV ; wheat lodging ; lightweight ; digital surface model (DSM) ; winter wheat ; fractional order differential ; continuous wavelet transform ; optimal subset regression ; support vector machine ; wheat powdery mildew ; machine learning ; information fusion ; remote sensing monitoring ; hyperspectral imaging ; dimensionality reduction ; LDA ; PLS ; PCA ; RandomForest ; ReliefF ; XGB ; Meloidogyne ; Solanum tuberosum ; soil salinity sensitive parameter ; random forest ; optimal retrieval model ; remote sensing ; high throughput phenotyping ; UAV/drone ; biomass estimation ; oats ; wheat ; yield prediction ; random forests ; satellite imagery ; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Plants under natural conditions often face multiple stresses, including drought, salinity, temperature extremes, submergence stress, bacteria, viruses, fungi, insects, etc. These biotic and abiotic stresses negatively influence plant growth and productivity. Various approaches have recently been used to overcome stresses in plants. It is necessary to evaluate and explore how diverse molecular techniques can be applied to different biological studies to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. This will help reduce production losses and increase crop tolerance to various stresses. It is now the time to make a difference by developing plants that can withstand biotic and abiotic stresses.
    Keywords: antioxidants ; drought ; oxidative stress ; pearl millet ; redox implications ; ROS ; chlorophyll fluorescence efficiency ; photosynthetic responses ; enzyme activity ; sugarcane ; smut ; circadian clock ; reactive oxygen species ; Al-induced PCD ; photoperiodism ; peanut ; phylogenetic ; virus-induced gene silencing ; transgenic lines ; physiological and biochemical analysis ; Glycine max L. ; PR proteins ; chitinase ; genome-wide ; plant stresses ; crop residues ; profitability ; soil fertility ; soil biology ; allelopathy ; heat shock protein 20 ; maize ; abiotic stress ; yeast-one-hybrid ; abiotic stresses ; cotton ; hormones ; signaling pathway ; WRKY ; papaya (Carica papaya) ; brassicales ; late embryogenesis abundant protein ; orthogroup ; expression profile ; artificial light ; auxins ; chicory ; callus cells ; inulin ; plant growth regulators ; milk thistle ; secondary metabolites ; ecotypes ; salinity ; growth attributes ; biotic stress ; phenolic compounds ; seaweed ; Dendrobium catenatum ; lipase ; multi-omics ; expression pattern ; gene family ; bio-fertilizer ; ionic homeostasis ; organic amendments ; vermicompost ; cold stress ; PKS5 ; stomatal aperture ; microbiota ; natural farming ; physical factors ; physiological changes ; signal transduction and stressed conditions ; Rhizobium leguminosarum ; PGPR ; Triticum aestivum L. ; cadmium stress ; tolerance ; ascorbate ; glutathione ; malondialdehyde ; chlorophylls ; disease gradient ; disease outbreak ; Puccinia ; wheat stripe rust ; plant epidemic ; dispersal ecology ; alternative plant vitrification solution ; ammonium-free medium ; cytotoxicity ; droplet-vitrification ; endangered species ; liquid overlay ; regrowth medium ; within-plant phenotypic plasticity ; combined stresses ; additive ; antagonistic and synergic effects ; VOCs ; potassium ; soybean ; water logging ; yield ; non-thermal plasma ; plant defense ; glucosinolates ; nitriles ; RNA sequencing ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Bt toxins ; Cry1Ah1 transgenic poplar ; ecology ; environment ; rhizosphere ; candidate genes ; drought tolerance ; crop improvement ; climate change ; adaptation ; Chenopodium quinoa Willd. ; genotypes ; Sahara ; Algeria ; chitosan ; pathogen ; sustainable ; plant protection ; tomato ; melatonin ; photosynthesis ; climate changes ; antioxidant system ; Malus seedlings ; NaCl treatments ; membrane damage ; osmotic regulation ; archives ; botanical collection ; Greece ; landscape ; pre-rebellion period ; wheat ; priming ; Aspergillus niger ; qRT-PCR ; wilting ; TLP ; β-1,3-glucanase ; biostimulants ; biofertilizers ; soil microorganisms ; phytostimulator ; jewel sweet potato ; shoot tip ; axillary bud ; different MS salts concentration ; micropropagation ; plant performance ; C4 species ; heterozygosity ; transient soil salinity ; soil layers ; desertification ; arid regoins ; total flavonoid ; phenolics ; antioxidant activity ; centella ; Na+ content ; molecular markers ; MAS ; oilseeds ; SSRs ; molecular breeding ; dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB) transcription factors ; gene expression ; mosses ; stress tolerance ; common centaury ; salinity stress ; antioxidative protection ; sodium nitroprusside ; proteomic analysis ; drought stress ; sorghum ; RNS ; RSS ; signaling ; post-translational modification ; microorganisms ; stressful conditions ; sustainability ; nutrition ; Brassicaceae ; Cicer arietinum L. ; chlorophyll a fluorescence transient ; physiological and biochemical traits ; high temperature ; chocolate spot disease ; Botrytis fabae ; faba bean ; antioxidant enzymes ; protein banding and anatomy ; actinobacteria ; Streptomyces tuirus ; chilli fruit rot ; Colletotrichum scovillei ; Colletotrichum truncatum ; Fusarium oxysporum ; liquid bio-formulation ; corn smut ; fungus infection ; MDA ; proline ; quality ; halophytes ; Tripolium pannonicum ; hydrogen peroxide ; cell wall extensibility ; cell wall polysaccharide ; coleoptile ; growth inhibition ; lead (Pb) ; rice ; Bactrocera oleae ; spinosad ; kaolin ; organic oliviculture ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; leaf gas exchange ; physiological traits ; BAG (Bcl-2-associated anthanogene) family proteins ; molecular chaperone ; metabolomics ; metabolic responses ; metabolites variation ; surveillance ; Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus ; comprehensive control ; distribution ; screen house ; Copper hyperaccumulation ; stress mitigation ; EDTA and IAA ; sunflower ; Fusarium wilt ; conventional breeding ; molecular makers ; QTLs ; genomics ; transcriptomics ; metabolomics and proteomics ; bread wheat ; AMF ; zinc ; growth parameters ; osmolyte ; osmoprotector ; ionic attributes ; PGPBs ; growth-promoting fungi ; crop productivity ; plant tolerance ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; aerobic rice ; soil enzymes ; phosphorus utilization ; P-deficient ; plant growth promotion ; chickpea ; selection indices ; drought tolerant genotypes ; abiotic and biotic stress ; CRISPR ; mega nucleases ; TALEN ; ZFN ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Plants show different strategies for coping with stress factors. They develop various types of adaptations to avoid the stressor or to activate defense reactions consisting of damage repair and running alternative metabolic pathways. This Special Issue, “What Makes the Life of Stressed Plants a Little Easier? Defense Mechanisms against Adverse Conditions”, contains several original articles that deal with such changes that occur at the level of the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, as well as structural adaptations in response to a stress factor. It also provides four review articles on drought stress, metal stress, various abiotic stress responses of cultivated beet, and crosstalk between Ca2+ and other regulators in stress signaling.
    Keywords: water deficit ; cold stress ; water content ; photosynthesis ; anatomy ; secondary metabolites ; antioxidants ; bioaccumulation ; copper toxicity ; hydroponics ; translocation factor ; F-box protein ; SCF complex ; stress response ; WD40 repeat-like protein ; wheat ; peroxidase ; ascorbate peroxidase ; catalase ; yield index ; Brachypodium distachyon ; cold acclimation ; microbiome ; amplicon and shotgun sequencing ; metagenomics ; Pseudomonas ; Streptomyces ; beet cultivation ; abiotic stress ; alkaline ; cold ; heat ; heavy metals ; stress tolerance ; ultraviolet radiation ; acidic soils ; abiotic stress tolerance ; proteomic studies ; two dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) ; × Triticosecale Wittmack ; auxin-related compound ; Bryophyllum calycinum ; indole-3-acetic acid ; methyl jasmonate ; plant hormone dynamics ; secondary abscission ; PERK ; kinase ; RT-qPCR ; promoter ; drought ; heat stress ; Ca2+ ; abiotic stress response ; Ca2+ sensors ; signal transduction ; abiotic stress tolerance calcium ; abscisic acid ; chloroplast degeneration ; malondialdehyde ; nanoparticles ; oxidative stress ; drought stress ; osmolytes ; antioxidant enzymes ; phytohormones ; antifungal secondary metabolites ; biocontrol ; abnormal germ tube suppression of appressoria ; Streptomyces sp. ; adaptation ; priming ; defense mechanisms ; metallophyte ; phytoremediation ; tolerance ; Armeria maritima ; electrical conductivity ; functional differences ; ion accumulation ; non-ionic osmolytes ; osmotic adjustment ; potassium ; salinity ; sodium ; tissue culture ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Amid challenging environmental conditions throughout their life cycle, plants display an extraordinary ability to sense, process, and respond to a diverse array of stimuli with adaptability. The complexity of their stress responses unfolds across various levels—physiological, biochemical, transcriptomic, and cellular—demanding a profound comprehension of the intricate mechanisms at work. These stresses intertwine, triggering cellular damage and initiating a cascade of responses within plants. Critical growth phases under severe stress encounter mechanical damage and alterations in cellular macromolecule synthesis. While plants possess inherent defense mechanisms against oxidative damage, excessive oxygen production overwhelms their detoxification capacity, leading to detrimental reactions like loss of osmotic responsiveness, wilting, and necrosis. This reprint undertakes a comprehensive analysis, exploring multiple perspectives such as gas exchange, metabolomics, proteomics, isotopic, and genomic approaches, to unveil the drivers and specific strategies that empower plants to adapt to stressful growth conditions. By examining trait selection, phenotypic plasticity, and other factors, this reprint uncovers the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying plant resilience amidst adversity. A valuable resource for scientists, academics, and professionals, this reprint unveils the mysteries of plant resilience and productivity, fostering innovative strategies for sustainable agriculture in our ever-changing world.
    Keywords: allelopathic potential ; chemical composition ; phenolics ; Acacia melanoxylon ; Lactuca sativa ; HPLC seedling growth Flavonoides ; Cadmium ; heavy metal ; food security ; oxidative damage ; antioxidants ; intercropping ; lodging tolerance ; agronomical management ; lignin metabolism ; resistance genes ; salinity ; Chenopodium quinoa ; biomass ; functional plant traits ; biochemical traits ; genotypes ; yield ; salt stress ; heat stress ; photosynthesis ; antioxidant enzymes ; HSPs ; QTLs ; omics ; rice ; nitrogen ; water stress ; drought ; antioxidant ; reactive oxygen species ; reactive nitrogen species ; canopy temperature ; water soluble carbohydrates ; stay green ; seed yield ; Camellia oleifera ; Arachis hypogaea ; soil nutritional status ; soil quality ; cropping pattern ; silvicultural methods ; sustainable production ; stable isotope ; isotopic composition ; C and N cycling ; vegetation type ; soil health ; nitric oxide ; salinity stress ; antioxidant system ; osmolytes ; photosystem II ; Na+/H+ antiporters ; Triticum aestivum L. ; weed suppression ; allelochemicals ; sorgoleone ; benzoquinone ; cropping systems ; Lathyrus odoratus ; seed priming ; seawater ; proline ; SiNPs ; wheat ; antioxidant capacity ; grain quality ; alveographic parameters ; alpha-lipoic acid ; cysteine ; biochar ; alkaline soils ; abiotic stress ; Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; fatty acids ; Zea mays L. ; lowland rice ; terminal water stress ; grain yield ; stress indices ; stress tolerance ; bioactive ; desert ; irrigated ; flavonoid ; phenol ; phytochemistry ; n/a ; Hordeum vulgare ; stable isotope composition of carbon and nitrogen ; saline water stress ; isotope ecology ; yield stability ; ion homeostasis ; spinach ; paracetamol ; degradation ; growth parameters ; chlorophyll florescence ; photosynthetic pigments ; elements ; microbes ; bioethanol ; salt tolerance ; water deficit conditions ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; photosynthetic efficiency ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 9
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    Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing | Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) caused by the necrotrophic fungus Parastagonospora nodorum is an important wheat disease in many high rainfall areas across the world. It reduces both yield and grain quality by causing symptoms on wheat leaves and glumes, and can cause yield losses up to 30% under warm and humid conditions. This book chapter gives an update on the recent progress in genetic mapping of SNB resistance in wheat, with focus on adult plant leaf blotch and glume blotch resistance with relevance to resistance breeding. This is followed by a case study on the investigation of the naturally occurring P. nodorum population in Norway and mapping of resistance loci in relevant wheat germplasm using MAGIC populations and GWAS panels as well as how this information can be used to improve resistance breeding and disease management. In the end, some future perspectives of SNB resistance breeding is provided.
    Keywords: wheat ; septoria nodorum blotch ; disease resistance ; resistance breeding ; genetic mapping ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVK Agronomy and crop production ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVF Sustainable agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVP Pest control / plant diseases
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Keywords: Laurus nobilis ; medicinal plant ; mobile genomic elements ; germplasm characterization ; Mediterranean region ; chloroplast ; Ipomoea batatas ; simple sequence repeat ; sweet potato ; plant germplasm ; landrace rice ; fat-soluble nutraceuticals ; β-sitosterol ; genetic variability ; cluster analysis ; Solanum melongena ; germplasm ; Greece ; islands ; mainland ; phenotyping ; genotyping ; mineral composition ; landraces ; genetic diversity ; genetic structure ; Panax ginseng ; Triticum turgidum ; HMW glutenins ; LMW glutenins ; gluten quality ; non-allelic interactions ; combined analysis ; evolution ; genetic resources ; Zea mays ; Blumeria graminis ; disomic addition line ; molecular cytogenetics ; wheat ; Psathyrostachys huashanica ; natural variation ; maize ; root length ; domestication selection ; ZmMADS60 gene ; genetic basis ; GWAS ; eating and cooking qualities ; rice ; genetic variation ; eggplant ; cropping condition ; yield ; agro-morphological characterization ; chili pepper ; gene bank ; molecular markers ; morphological descriptor ; DArTseq markers ; GBS ; Triticum aestivum ; starch ; SNP ; InDel ; CAPS ; intron-loss ; NGS ; phosphorus use efficiency ; phosphorus ; proteomics ; grain hardness ; PIN ; kernel texture ; triticum ; SKCS ; Cucumis sativum ; downy mildew ; genetics ; inheritance ; oomycetes ; resistance ; rice genotypes ; blast resistant genotype ; genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) ; phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) ; heritability values ; DArT SNP markers ; early maturity ; heat and drought tolerance ; salt stress ; nitrogen metabolism ; oxidative stress response ; G6PDH ; GDH ; GS/GOGAT ; Triticum aestivum L. ; γ-gliadins ; Gli-B1 ; polymorphism ; PCR analysis ; ginseng ; genetic composition ; SSR ; fonio ; fonio millet ; white fonio ; Digitaria exilis ; agro morphological descriptors ; phenotypic diversity ; neglected and underutilized species (NUS) ; genetic improvement ; catechin ; phytochemicals ; targeted-oriented core collection ; tea germplasm ; agronomic performance ; correlation analysis ; malawi ; pigeonpea ; yield stability ; bermudagrass ; forage breeding ; genetic parameters ; genotype by harvest interaction ; Tifton 85 ; accessions ; descriptors ; anthracnose ; Colletotrichum lentis ; disease screening ; lentil ; plant resistance ; tall wild pea ; Pisum sativum subsp. elatius ; neoplasm ; pea weevil ; Bruchus pisorum ; expressivity ; Africa ; cowpea ; microsatellites ; Aegilops ; triticale ; leaf rust ; stripe rust ; yellow rust ; Puccinia ; drought ; Phaseolus vulgaris L. ; plant breeding ; rhizobia ; stress ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Vols 1 and 2 contain 57 papers in the Special Issue of ‘Plant Genomics 2009’ and cover a wide range of topics, highlighting the significant progress that has been made in recent years in our understanding of the genetics and genomics of plants’ growth, development, and stress responses. These studies provide valuable insights into the potential applications of genomic tools and technologies for crop improvement and sustainable agriculture, as well as fundamental questions about the evolution and function of plant genes and genomes.
    Keywords: Aristolochia ; chloroplast genome ; molecular evolution ; compare analysis ; phylogeny ; brassinosteroid-signaling kinase ; gene family ; expression profile ; alternative splicing ; intron retention ; genome-wide analysis ; drought tolerance ; foxtail millet ; LIM genes ; transgenic rice ; protein phosphatase (PP2C) ; cotton ; syntenic relationships ; expression patterns ; evolutionary analysis ; Populus trichocarpa ; multiple organellar RNA editing factor ; drought stress ; RNA editing ; genome ; β-glucosidase ; Brassica rapa ; BrBGLU10 ; pollen development ; co-expression analysis ; VQ genes family ; Eucalyptus grandis ; expression pattern ; plant hormones ; abiotic stress ; calcium-dependent protein kinases ; CDPK-related kinases ; cucurbitaceae ; hst1 ; Na+ accumulation ; SNP ; rapid generation advance ; salt tolerant ; variant annotation ; whole-genome sequencing ; expression ; genome-wide ; identification of peroxidase genes ; duplication pattern ; stress ; cassava ; ABCDE model ; cereals ; evolutionary relationships ; flower organ identity ; floral speciation ; MADS-box genes ; maize ; ZmTCP ; natural variation ; subgroup IId ; CsWRKY7 ; flowering ; Arabidopsis ; Camellia sinensis ; pomegranate ; sequence diversity ; site-specific selection ; tomato ; MADS-box ; floral organ ; fruit development ; polygalacturonase (PGs), pectin methylesterase (PMEs), collinearity analysis ; gene duplications ; expression profiling ; grapevine ; Rehmannia glutinosa L. ; replant disease ; rhizosphere microbes ; NB-LRR ; plant hormone ; apple ; aquaporin ; functional analysis ; stress tolerance ; Salicaceae ; phylogenetic relationship ; plastid genome ; comparative genomics ; repeat sequences ; stress marker genes ; sesame ; gene co-expression ; abiotic stress tolerance ; hub genes ; meta-analysis ; agrobacterium ; transient expression ; virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) ; tobacco rattle virus (TRV) ; cassava (Manihot esculenta) ; chalcone synthase ; chromatin accessibility ; epigenetic inheritance ; genetic engineering ; methylation ; ODNs ; CRISPR/Cas9 ; genome editing ; plant breeding ; multiplex genome editing ; crop improvement ; TALEN ; ZFN ; biotic stress ; avocado ; carotenoid biosynthesis ; mesocarp ; seed ; de novo assembly from short read sequencing ; full-length transcript sequencing ; differentially expressed genes ; gene dosage ; pigment ; turnip ; gene expression ; antioxidant ; nutritional quality ; B3 superfamily ; transcription factor ; ovule abortion ; Vitis vinifera ; expression analysis ; cold response ; Pittosporum tobira ; leaf variegation ; linoleic acid ; ROS scavenging enzyme ; heat shock protein ; invasive weed ; Rhizoctonia solani ; phytohormone signaling ; systemic signal ; plant defense ; calcium signaling ; ABA ; drought ; salinity ; citrulline ; genome-wide association study ; haplotype ; watermelon ; acetolactate synthase ; ferrochelatase ; rice ; large grain gene ; large grain-isogenic Koshihikari ; fine mapping ; NGS ; GW2 ; co-integration ; gene recombination ; semidwarf gene ; d60 ; linkage ; chromosome 2 ; Brachypodium ; comparative chromosome barcoding ; dysploidy ; karyotype structure and evolution ; model grass genus ; molecular cytogenetics ; polyploidy ; plant genome ; artificial microRNA ; gene silencing ; Lagerstroemia indica ; ornamental value ; anthocyanins ; leaf coloration ; directional improvement ; YABBY ; pineapple ; subcellular localization ; oak species identification ; Quercus ; mutation hotspots ; Centranthera grandiflora Benth ; transcriptome ; catalpol biosynthesis ; acteoside biosynthesis ; azafrin biosynthesis ; wheat ; Dasypyrum villosum ; alien substitution line ; GISH ; molecular marker ; marker-assisted selection ; regulation ; RNA-seq ; biosynthesis pathway ; chalcones ; stilbenes ; common bean ; Fusarium oxysproum ; plant–pathogen interaction ; metabolome ; evolution ; genome fractionation ; ABC transporters ; transcription factors ; transposable elements ; whole-genome duplication ; RNA-sequencing ; ChIP-sequencing ; transcriptional regulatory mechanism ; data integration ; karyopherin ; solanum tuberosum ; chemical fungicide ; disease control ; Neoscytalidium dimidiatum ; royal poinciana ; stem canker ; UAE ; bioinformatics ; VvGAST ; GASR ; Cis-elements ; wheat genome ; kernel hardness ; Puroindoline ; Puroindoline b-2 variants ; genotype-to-phenotype association ; synteny ; phylogenetic analysis ; genomic selection ; missing data ; minor allele frequency ; GDSL lipase ; GPAT6 ; cutin ; habaneros ; Capsicum chinense ; fruit ; RNA-Seq ; flax ; genome-wide association study (GWAS) ; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; prediction accuracy ; quantitative trait loci (QTL) ; quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) ; Fabaceae ; Lupinus ; glutamine synthetase (GS) ; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) ; gene families ; duplication/triplication ; structural genomics ; genome organization ; genome evolution ; microRNA ; miRNA156 ; seed development ; fatty acid synthesis ; linseed flax ; anthocyanin biosynthetic genes ; cis-regulatory motifs ; DEGs ; network analysis ; qRT-PCR ; reddish purple Chinese cabbage ; abscisic acid ; flavonolignans ; metabolite profiling ; Silybum marianum ; silymarin ; aquaporins ; bright yellow-2 suspension cells ; Nicotiana tabacum ; substrate specificity ; TaCKX1 ; TaCKX expression ; grain yield ; cytokinins ; phytohormones ; RNAi ; wheat spikes ; genome-wide identification ; 2OGD family ; hormone biosynthetic and metabolism genes ; tomato fruit ripening ; DNA methylation ; phenomics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Plants under natural conditions often face multiple stresses, including drought, salinity, temperature extremes, submergence stress, bacteria, viruses, fungi, insects, etc. These biotic and abiotic stresses negatively influence plant growth and productivity. Various approaches have recently been used to overcome stresses in plants. It is necessary to evaluate and explore how diverse molecular techniques can be applied to different biological studies to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. This will help reduce production losses and increase crop tolerance to various stresses. It is now the time to make a difference by developing plants that can withstand biotic and abiotic stresses.
    Keywords: antioxidants ; drought ; oxidative stress ; pearl millet ; redox implications ; ROS ; chlorophyll fluorescence efficiency ; photosynthetic responses ; enzyme activity ; sugarcane ; smut ; circadian clock ; reactive oxygen species ; Al-induced PCD ; photoperiodism ; peanut ; phylogenetic ; virus-induced gene silencing ; transgenic lines ; physiological and biochemical analysis ; Glycine max L. ; PR proteins ; chitinase ; genome-wide ; plant stresses ; crop residues ; profitability ; soil fertility ; soil biology ; allelopathy ; heat shock protein 20 ; maize ; abiotic stress ; yeast-one-hybrid ; abiotic stresses ; cotton ; hormones ; signaling pathway ; WRKY ; papaya (Carica papaya) ; brassicales ; late embryogenesis abundant protein ; orthogroup ; expression profile ; artificial light ; auxins ; chicory ; callus cells ; inulin ; plant growth regulators ; milk thistle ; secondary metabolites ; ecotypes ; salinity ; growth attributes ; biotic stress ; phenolic compounds ; seaweed ; Dendrobium catenatum ; lipase ; multi-omics ; expression pattern ; gene family ; bio-fertilizer ; ionic homeostasis ; organic amendments ; vermicompost ; cold stress ; PKS5 ; stomatal aperture ; microbiota ; natural farming ; physical factors ; physiological changes ; signal transduction and stressed conditions ; Rhizobium leguminosarum ; PGPR ; Triticum aestivum L. ; cadmium stress ; tolerance ; ascorbate ; glutathione ; malondialdehyde ; chlorophylls ; disease gradient ; disease outbreak ; Puccinia ; wheat stripe rust ; plant epidemic ; dispersal ecology ; alternative plant vitrification solution ; ammonium-free medium ; cytotoxicity ; droplet-vitrification ; endangered species ; liquid overlay ; regrowth medium ; within-plant phenotypic plasticity ; combined stresses ; additive ; antagonistic and synergic effects ; VOCs ; potassium ; soybean ; water logging ; yield ; non-thermal plasma ; plant defense ; glucosinolates ; nitriles ; RNA sequencing ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Bt toxins ; Cry1Ah1 transgenic poplar ; ecology ; environment ; rhizosphere ; candidate genes ; drought tolerance ; crop improvement ; climate change ; adaptation ; Chenopodium quinoa Willd. ; genotypes ; Sahara ; Algeria ; chitosan ; pathogen ; sustainable ; plant protection ; tomato ; melatonin ; photosynthesis ; climate changes ; antioxidant system ; Malus seedlings ; NaCl treatments ; membrane damage ; osmotic regulation ; archives ; botanical collection ; Greece ; landscape ; pre-rebellion period ; wheat ; priming ; Aspergillus niger ; qRT-PCR ; wilting ; TLP ; β-1,3-glucanase ; biostimulants ; biofertilizers ; soil microorganisms ; phytostimulator ; jewel sweet potato ; shoot tip ; axillary bud ; different MS salts concentration ; micropropagation ; plant performance ; C4 species ; heterozygosity ; transient soil salinity ; soil layers ; desertification ; arid regoins ; total flavonoid ; phenolics ; antioxidant activity ; centella ; Na+ content ; molecular markers ; MAS ; oilseeds ; SSRs ; molecular breeding ; dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB) transcription factors ; gene expression ; mosses ; stress tolerance ; common centaury ; salinity stress ; antioxidative protection ; sodium nitroprusside ; proteomic analysis ; drought stress ; sorghum ; RNS ; RSS ; signaling ; post-translational modification ; microorganisms ; stressful conditions ; sustainability ; nutrition ; Brassicaceae ; Cicer arietinum L. ; chlorophyll a fluorescence transient ; physiological and biochemical traits ; high temperature ; chocolate spot disease ; Botrytis fabae ; faba bean ; antioxidant enzymes ; protein banding and anatomy ; actinobacteria ; Streptomyces tuirus ; chilli fruit rot ; Colletotrichum scovillei ; Colletotrichum truncatum ; Fusarium oxysporum ; liquid bio-formulation ; corn smut ; fungus infection ; MDA ; proline ; quality ; halophytes ; Tripolium pannonicum ; hydrogen peroxide ; cell wall extensibility ; cell wall polysaccharide ; coleoptile ; growth inhibition ; lead (Pb) ; rice ; Bactrocera oleae ; spinosad ; kaolin ; organic oliviculture ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; leaf gas exchange ; physiological traits ; BAG (Bcl-2-associated anthanogene) family proteins ; molecular chaperone ; metabolomics ; metabolic responses ; metabolites variation ; surveillance ; Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus ; comprehensive control ; distribution ; screen house ; Copper hyperaccumulation ; stress mitigation ; EDTA and IAA ; sunflower ; Fusarium wilt ; conventional breeding ; molecular makers ; QTLs ; genomics ; transcriptomics ; metabolomics and proteomics ; bread wheat ; AMF ; zinc ; growth parameters ; osmolyte ; osmoprotector ; ionic attributes ; PGPBs ; growth-promoting fungi ; crop productivity ; plant tolerance ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; aerobic rice ; soil enzymes ; phosphorus utilization ; P-deficient ; plant growth promotion ; chickpea ; selection indices ; drought tolerant genotypes ; abiotic and biotic stress ; CRISPR ; mega nucleases ; TALEN ; ZFN ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint focuses on proteins as critical components of plant cell walls. They contribute not only to the overall architecture of the walls but also to the rearrangement of the cell wall polymers to enable growth, differentiation, and appropriate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, thus allowing the adaptation of plants to their changing environment. Different experimental approaches are illustrated and the roles of a set of protein families are described. Moreover, new concepts involving the role of cell wall proteins in organ morphogenesis through calcium signaling are discussed.
    Keywords: Brachypodium ; cell wall ; nucleus ; zygotic embryo ; arabinogalactan proteins ; cellulose ; pectin ; matricellular proteins ; SOS5 ; periostin ; Mpb83 ; cellulase ; glycosyl hydrolase family 9 ; carbohydrate binding module (CBM) ; bioinformatics ; RT-qPCR ; morphogenesis ; cell wall protein ; hechtian oscillator ; calcium signaling ; H+-ATPase ; nutrients ; root system architecture ; Glycine max ; XTH gene family ; transgenic soybean ; plant genome ; plant hormone ; flooding ; root plasticity ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Class III peroxidase ; Medicago truncatula ; microdomains ; phylogenetics ; plasma membrane ; protein–protein interaction ; Oryza sativa ; tonoplast ; Zea mays ; pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI), pectin ; homogalacturonan (HG) ; cell wall properties ; degree of methylesterification (DM) ; stress ; development ; applications ; fasciclin-like AGP ; FLA ; evolution ; phylogeny ; plant cell wall ; proteome ; monocot ; stiff brome ; rice ; sugarcane ; Brachypodium distachyon ; Saccharum spp. ; extensins ; immunohistochemistry ; leaf ; temperature stress ; plant cell walls ; plasmodesmata ; callose ; callose synthase ; DUF642 family ; homogalacturonans ; plant development ; pectins ; EXO70 ; exocyst complex ; phosphatidic acid ; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate ; phospholipids ; plasma membrane domains ; polar exocytosis ; trichome ; phosphate starvation ; Pi mobilization ; roots ; grain ; remodeling ; polysaccharide ; wheat ; Phyllotaxis ; auxin ; acid growth ; Hechtian oscillator ; plasma membrane ion fluxes ; n/a ; green lineage ; modeling ; PAC domain ; plant ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Dive into the fascinating world of photosynthesis through the latest publications. This comprehensive work delves deep into the intricate regulatory mechanisms that underpin the vital process of photosynthesis. From the molecular reactions at the core to the overarching responses of entire plants, explore the diverse facets of this fundamental phenomenon. Discover how plants adeptly adapt to an ever-changing and often challenging environment. Gain valuable insights with real-world applications, spanning agriculture, forestry, and biotechnology. Whether you're a scientist, educator, or enthusiast, this reprint promises to unravel the mysteries of life's essential processes. Join us in this exploration of photosynthesis as we bridge the gap between scientific inquiry and practical knowledge, ensuring a sustainable future for both natural ecosystems and cultivated environments.
    Keywords: abiotic stressors ; environmental stress ; growth ; light intensity ; photosynthetic pigments ; picocyanobacteria ; plant physiology ; Alternaria brassicicola ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; chloroplast ultrastructure ; defense response ; microarray ; photosynthesis ; susceptibility ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; extremely low frequency magnetic field ; Schumann resonance frequencies ; photosynthetic light reactions ; non-photochemical quenching ; quantum yield of photosystem II ; wheat ; pea ; endophytes ; culture filtrate ; exogenously hormone ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; antioxidant enzymes ; antioxidants ; carotenoids ; photochemical efficiency ; protein ; tocopherol ; xanthophyll cycle ; zeaxanthin ; root ; rhizosphere ; rhizobacteria ; root morphology ; abiotic stresses ; phase-sensitive imaging ; magnetopriming ; UV exclusion ; leaf venation ; leaf hydraulics ; high light ; thylakoid membrane ; microdomains ; photoprotection ; Synechocystis ; photoinhibition ; photosystems ; seed priming ; nanotechnology ; germination ; seed resistance ; sustainability ; cold plasma technology ; machine learning ; proton gradient regulation 5 (PGR5) ; PGR5-like photosynthetic phenotype 1 (PGRL1) ; photosynthetic electron transport ; PSI photoinhibition ; oxidation of P700 ; oxidative stress ; combined effect ; Pisum sativum L. ; nanoparticles ; cerium oxide ; zinc oxide ; metal uptake ; hydroponic culture ; photomorphogenesis ; Pinus sylvestris ; light of various spectral composition ; gene expression ; pigment content ; lipid droplets ; microalgae ; Raman spectroscopy ; Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ; cyanobacteria ; heavy metals ; nitrogenase ; heterocyst ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Foods derived from grains and grain-based ingredients represent a crucial source of energy and nutrients for humans. Cereals are conventional food materials, while interest is growing in the utilization of pseudocereals, pulses, oilseeds, and other grains to develop various foods and food ingredients. Grain and food processing converts raw grains into functional ingredients and creates palatable and nutritious end-products. During processing, various physical and chemical changes and interactions take place, affecting the nutritional, textural, sensory, and other quality properties of the products. Methods, protocols, and equipment have been developed to process, monitor, and control processing parameters to achieve the desired end-product quality or functionality. This reprint covers diverse topics related to grain-processing innovations and the effect of both conventional and innovative grain processes on the properties of grain-derived ingredients, intermediates, and end products.
    Keywords: climate change ; heat resource effectiveness ; hourly accumulated temperature simulation ; rice potential yield ; whole foxtail millet flour ; amylose content ; japonica and glutinous ; Chinese steamed bread ; texture properties ; northern cold area ; maize seeds ; physical characteristics ; principal component analysis ; cluster comprehensive analysis ; wheat ; flour ; dough ; mixing ; hydrophobic interaction ; aggregation ; corn ; hammermill ; moisture content ; particle size ; gaseous chlorine dioxide ; buckwheat-based composited flour ; fresh buckwheat noodle ; shelf-life and quality characteristics ; whole grain bread ; pulse ; yellow pea ; green pea ; lentil ; chickpea ; Mixolab ; dough rheology ; bread texture ; ayocote bean ; black bean ; bread ; protein digestibility ; sensorial properties ; pulses ; red lentils ; protein ; roller milling ; near infrared spectroscopy ; sorghum ; starch ; amylose ; amylopectin ; high throughput phenotyping ; genetic diversity ; plant breeding ; granular flow ; particulate flow ; extrusion ; food powders ; powder rheology ; composition ; sugar ; purple-colored wheat ; wheat bran ; blending ratio ; fresh noodles ; antioxidant properties ; alternative sweeteners ; sucrose ; cookies ; baking ; sugar reduction ; kabuli ; milling ; de-hull ; roller mill ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint represents a general view of what and how the research on plants at the molecular level (genetics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and so on) contributes to a good equilibrium among human needs, food security, and future strategies for mitigating the effects of global climate changes. Now more than ever, it is critical to understand the genetics and evolution of the gene mechanisms and the networks of different molecular pathways acting on plant abiotic stress tolerance in order to find new solutions for modern agricultural problems.This reprint is full of technical and specialized terms and, for this reason, its target audience is scientists and students trained in plant functional genomics, breeding, agronomy, and genetics. It is an exciting virtual tour through plant molecular responses to various environmental stresses, and new ideas and applications will be derived.
    Keywords: environmental stress ; seed development ; site II element ; HSFA2 ; TT2/ MYB5-MBW complex ; triacontanol ; drought ; rice ; aquaporins ; PIP1,1, PIP1,2, PIP2,4 and PIP2,5 genes ; abiotic stress ; biotic stress ; crop improvement ; HD-ZIP ; plant development ; cold ; stress ; differentially expressed genes ; transcriptome ; transcription factors ; in silico ; Cis-regulatory elements ; gene transcription ; trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase ; wheat ; early heat stress ; Triticum aestivum ; heat tolerance ; VRN ; PPD ; photoperiod ; Rosmarinus officinalis Lour. ; suspension cells ; MeJA ; antioxidant enzymes ; RNA-seq ; qRT-PCR ; durum wheat ; osmotic adjustment ; QTL ; climate change ; drought tolerance ; crop modelling ; expression profiles ; field trials ; TdDRF1 gene ; Wdhn13 ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Fungal Nanotechnology 2 provides an updated and thorough explanation of the green and sustainable production of metal- and organic-based nanostructures by various fungal species, as well as an investigation of intracellular and extracellular mechanisms, with a particular focus on the applications of fungal nanotechnology in biomedical, environmental, and agri-food sectors. Since FN is still in its infancy, major research should be conducted in this field; plants, animals, and people will all benefit significantly from this, and effective and environmentally acceptable methods should be developed.
    Keywords: zinc oxide nanoparticles ; Gossypium barbadense ; Fusarium sp. ; Rhizoctonia solani ; Macrophomina phaseolina ; metallic nanoparticles ; agriculture ; crop protection ; antifungal activities ; fungi ; silver nanoparticles ; green biosynthesis ; antifungal activity ; mucormycosis ; antioxidant activity ; Penicillium chrysogenum ; Biomphalaria alexandrina ; Schistosoma mansoni ; selenium nanoparticles ; molluscicide ; larvicide ; docking study ; Puccinia triticina ; wheat ; salicylic acid ; chitosan nanoparticles ; enzymes ; ROS ; anatomical characters ; nanofungicide ; ambrosial complex ; beneficial microbes ; biocontrol agents ; Trichoderma ; Hypocrea ; nanostructures ; biosynthesis ; biocontrol ; larvicidal ; smoke toxicity ; ovicidal ; fungus ; nanotechnology ; reaction optimisation ; Chaetomium thermophilum ; cytotoxicity ; chitosan ; chitosan/silver nanoparticles ; antimicrobial ; antioxidant ; wound healing ; green synthesis ; polyphenols ; cell cycle ; Candida auris ; metal oxide nanoparticles ; Fusarium solani ; defense genes ; control ; resistance ; scanning electron microscope ; anatomical structure ; myconanotechnology ; ZnO nanoparticles ; nanofabrication ; antimicrobial resistance ; biofilm ; Serendipita indica ; endosymbiont ; nano-embedded fungus ; confocal microscopy ; scanning electron microscopy ; Oryza sativa L. indica ; nano-bioformulation ; antibacterial ; CuO/g-C3N4 nanocomposite ; fungal interactions ; plant pathogens ; fungus-derived nanoparticles ; nanoparticle-based fungicides ; fungal bioreactors ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue presents an extract from the reality of smart agriculture, where the combination of modern technologies, innovative solutions, and sustainable approaches to food production classifies this part of science as highly interdisciplinary, multifaceted, and technologically advanced. The need to increase productivity, optimize natural resources, and minimize environmental impact requires new approaches. In this context, smart agriculture is emerging as a solution that combines technology, data, and science to achieve sustainable, efficient, and innovative food production. This Special Issue introduces the field of smart farming, which encompasses a range of advanced technologies. The use of these tools allows for the monitoring and optimization of crop conditions, precise fertilization, the minimization of water and energy usage, and the improvement of crop quality and quantity. In addition, plant monitoring systems are described, which, by means of sensors and data analysis, provide farmers with valuable information about plant health, soil moisture, temperature, and other factors affecting crop growth. A significant part of this monograph deals with the automation of agricultural processes, where robots and machines undertake tasks with high precision and accuracy, contributing to the farmer’s efficiency. This Special Issue aims not only to provide an understanding of smart agriculture but to also inspire the reader to think about the future of agriculture and the ways in which modern food production methods can be improved.
    Keywords: recirculating aquaculture system ; variable-flow regulation model ; circulating pump-drum filter linkage working technique ; machine learning methods ; gene algorithm support vector machine ; controlled environment agriculture ; digital twin ; productivity ; architecture ; optimization ; NDVI ; image processing ; SURF ; SIFT ; SVM ; BP algorithm ; performance ; sweet pepper ; deep neural network ; sprouts ; stimulation with a pulsed magnetic field ; micro and macro components ; ICP-OES ; ground pressure ; paddy soil ; seeding skateboard ; internet of things ; wireless measurement system ; calcium ; magnesium ; phosphorus ; potassium ; copper ; iron ; manganese ; sodium ; zinc ; wild leafy vegetables ; real-time kinematic (RTK) ; precision agriculture ; ISO standard ; global positioning system (GPS) ; GLONASS ; agricultural tractor ; Korean ginseng ; root-rot-disease ; plant segmentation ; deep learning ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; convolutional neural network ; corn insect ; electrical fields ; magnetic fields ; high-voltage electric field ; growth of fruits ; ripening of fruits ; shelf life of fruits ; fungicide resistance ; PCR ; broad-spectrum fungicides ; Fusarium solani ; toxicity ; asymmetric machine-tractor unit ; motion ; stability ; resistance coefficients ; amplitude-frequency characteristic ; phase-frequency characteristic ; quality parameters ; firmness ; total soluble solid ; titratable acidity ; dry matter ; respiration rate ; apple fruit ; model predictive control ; energy management system ; renewable energy ; smart irrigation ; agriculture 4.0 ; maize bulk ; kernel breakage ; vertical pressure ; deformation ; heat production ; sustainable ; agriculture ; rural ; mobile internet technology ; bivariate probit model ; agricultural modernization ; Pakistan ; wheat ; smart ; Zea mays ; stalk diseases ; crop rotation ; stubble ; suppressive soils ; biomass combustion ; broadleaved tree ; pulsed electric field ; calorific value ; UV-C radiation ; stress response ; mechanical properties ; stimulation ; potato tuber ; CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) ; terminal velocity ; winnowing machine separation ; chili pepper harvester ; water and fertilizer integration ; pH adjustment ; BP-PID-Smith algorithm ; estimated compensation ; convolutional neural networks ; MATLAB ; hybrid system ; mobile application ; aeration ; airflow resistance ; pore volume ; semi-empirical modelling ; self-compaction ; spatial and temporal ; energy ; environmental contamination ; lettuce ; life cycle assessment ; winter wheat ; leaf greenness index (SPAD) ; protein ; photosynthesis ; nitrogen ; smart agriculture ; weed management ; crop productivity ; computer vision ; analytical procedure ; forklift truck ; interchangeable equipment ; static stability assessment ; typical meteorological sequence ; typical meteorological week ; wastewater treatment ; high-rate algae pond ; solar irradiance ; Finkelstein-Schafer statistics ; southern rice ; threshing loss ; fuzzy PID ; adaptive algorithm ; hilly mountainous areas ; rapeseed pod ; surface area measurement ; 3-D measurement ; side area of oblique cylinders ; rapeseed pod seed testing machine ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: 10th Anniversary of Plants—Recent Advances and Perspectives is a scientific paper collection specially published on the anniversary of Plants. Covering all major areas of plant science, it is a valuable guide through current achievements and future discoveries in this scientific field.
    Keywords: Secale cereale ; Secale montanum ; Secale strictum ; QTL mapping ; molecular marker ; self-incompatibility ; fertility ; seed set ; abiotic stress ; cell homeostasis ; heterologous host synthetic approach ; terpenophenolics ; brown spot ; ACT ; fungus culture filtrate ; mycotoxin ; fruit development ; fruit gauge ; VPD ; Mangifera indica ; cell division ; cell expansion ; ripening ; pulegone ; isomenthone ; menthone ; thymol ; p-cymene ; chemotypes ; seasonal variation ; enantiomeric distribution ; label-free proteomics ; Panax ginseng ; ginsenosides ; cytochrome p450 ; UDP-glycosyltransferase ; MEP pathway ; MVA pathway ; TCA/acetone ; methanol/chloroform ; endophytes ; foliar pathogens ; pathogenicity ; taxonomy ; Thymus vulgaris ; Crithmum maritimum ; leather artifacts ; essential oils ; anti-bacterial activity ; Euphorbia dendroides L. ; aerial parts ; polyphenols ; antioxidant activity ; anti-inflammatory activity ; toxicity ; calcium oxalate crystals ; colleter ; extrafloral nectaries ; resin gland ; bud protection ; plant-environment interaction ; carbohydrate metabolism ; microarray ; crop ; rice ; productivity ; endosperm ; geometry ; morphology ; seed shape ; Vitaceae ; exDNA ; environmental DNA ; DNA sensing ; self-DNA inhibition ; autotoxicity ; plant response ; DAMP ; PAMP ; EDAP ; climate change ; food security ; Mediterranean countries ; sustainable exploitation ; phytogenetic resources ; candidate gene ; quantitative trait locus ; recombinant inbred line ; soybean drought tolerance ; weighted drought coefficient ; antioxidants ; biostimulants ; biotic stress ; GABA ; metabolism ; phytohormones ; reactive oxygen species ; signaling ; tricarboxylic acid cycle ; bacterial functions ; co-presence networks ; metagenomics ; microbial ecology ; plant domestication ; trace element ; plant nutrient ; salinity ; antioxidant defense system ; glyoxalase system ; biochar ; licorice ; soil enzymes ; nutrients ; root system ; ALS ; BCAA ; low oxygen ; flooding ; AIP1 ; Eucommia ulmoides Oliver ; trait variations ; probability grading ; quantitative traits ; planting models ; leaves ; cytokinin ; TD-K ; thidiazuron ; INCYDE ; CPPU ; isopentenyl transferase ; IPT ; cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase ; CKX ; wheat ; barley ; yield ; cucumber ; QTL-seq ; SNP markers ; white immature fruit skin color ; ecological costs ; germination models ; herbicide resistance ; hydrotime ; target-site resistance ; hydrogen peroxide ; sodium hypochlorite ; generalized regression neural network ; genetic algorithm ; scarification ; seed dormancy ; plant tissue culture ; foliar descriptors ; leaf area ; models ; vine leaves ; Olea europaea L. ; olive ; genotype by sequencing (GBS) ; single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; whole-genome sequencing (WGS) ; reference genome ; plastid markers ; DNA barcoding ; ISSR markers ; Egyptian barley ; agro-morphological traits ; cluster analysis ; genetic variation ; biplot ; drought stress ; drying processes ; mathematical model ; plant hydric stress tolerance ; rate of weight loss ; RWLMod ; water evaporation ; photosynthesis ; elevated CO2 ; Rubisco ; electron transport ; light ; diurnal cycle ; sexual propagation ; cold stratification ; in situ ; ex situ ; plant endemism ; Morocco ; biodiversity ; ex-situ conservation ; protocols ; germplasm ; forest berries ; brushing ; lettuce ; chicory ; phytochemicals ; antioxidant capacity ; Ziziphus lotus ; phenolics ; SH-SY5Y cell line ; chromatography ; Koelreuteria paniculata ; dry ethanol extracts ; GC-MS analysis ; chemical compounds ; antitumor and antimicrobial activities ; medicinal plant ; bioactive compounds ; plant-derived secondary metabolites (PDSM) ; cell suspension culture (CSC) ; bioreactor engineering ; apple ; Golden Delicious ; Top Red ; fruitlet thinners ; light reactions ; electron transport rate ; photoprotective mechanism ; state transitions ; PSII repair cycle ; vegetation structure ; environmental variables ; PC-ORD ; plant community assembly ; Himalaya ; allopolyploidy ; interspecific hybridization ; unreduced gametes ; cytological diploidization ; genomic changes ; root length ; root/shoot ratio ; specific root length ; Saragolle Lucana ; seed coating ; heavy metals ; evolution ; hyperaccumulation ; black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) ; anthocyanin stability ; herbs ; co-pigmentation ; color stability ; functional foods/beverages ; biotechnological tools ; ethnomedicine ; in vitro culture ; genetic improvement ; pollen ; tip growth ; calcium ; calcium dependent protein kinase ; Rho Guanine Dissociation Inhibitor ; ROP GTPase ; RhoGDI displacement factor ; polarity ; guar ; gene expression ; qRT-PCR ; RNA-Seq ; salt stress ; salt tolerance ; stress ; transcriptome ; D-tagatose ; IFP48 ; induced resistance ; sweet immunity ; sugar-enhanced defense ; Plasmopara viticola ; Botrytis cinerea ; Vitis vinifera ; human diet ; edible wild plants ; Plantago coronopus L. ; Rumex acetosa L. ; Cichorium intybus L. ; Artemisia dracunculus L. ; phytochemistry ; anti-inflammatory properties ; stem photosynthesis ; hydraulic recovery ; soaking ; X-ray micro-CT ; bark water uptake ; embolism ; genetic resources ; Solanaceae ; Cucumis ; Lactuca ; diversity ; vegetables ; genebank ; essential oil ; iNOS ; interleukin ; lavenders ; NF-κB ; glycosyltransferases ; ER-Golgi trafficking ; mechanism of protein sorting ; COPI and COPII complexes ; sequences and motifs involved in trafficking ; Arabidopsis ; gene regulation ; protein-protein interaction ; transcription factor ; WRI1 ; TCP20 ; lipases ; lipid metabolism ; plant-environment interactions ; reproductive development ; vegetative development ; Urtica dioica ; soilless systems ; cultivated nettle ; stress factors ; functional properties ; preharvest sprouting ; MKK3 ; maternal and paternal expressed genes ; imprinted genes ; polycomb repressive complex 2 ; mRNA processing bodies ; ribonucleic binding proteins ; monosomes ; ethylene ; elicitors ; fruit ripening ; ACC synthase/oxidase ; GC-MS ; polyamines ; Vigna genus ; introgression ; hybridisation ; phylogeny ; de novo domestication ; feralisation ; novel ecosystems ; complex networks ; tree communities ; Lantana camara ; Prosopis juliflora ; ascorbic acid ; genetic diversity ; molecular markers ; aquaculture pond sediment ; recovery ; Triticum aestivum ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; wheat grass juice quality ; UV-B radiation ; olive tree ; metabolomic ; phenolic profile ; lipophilic profile ; ecophysiology ; environment ; arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis ; comparative transcriptomics ; Arum-type ; Paris-type ; Solanum lycopersicum ; Rhizophagus irregularis ; Gigaspora margarita ; Camelina sativa ; semi-arid lands ; biofuel feedstock ; biodiesel ; renewable diesel ; crop breeding ; transgenesis ; genome editing ; Xanthomonas euvesicatoria ; host associate factor ; comparative genomics ; Cannabis sativa L. ; chemovars ; secondary metabolites ; trichomes ; residual by-products ; biogeography ; cardioid ; islands ; geometric models ; Mediterranean flora ; Silene ; super-ellipse ; abscisic acid ; aromatic herb ; ascorbate-glutathione cycle ; jasmonic acid ; lipoic acid ; oxidative stress ; salicylic acid ; Salvia officinalis ; drought ; state of stress ; tolerance ; avoidance ; stress survival ; amino acids ; nitrate reductase ; glutamine synthetase ; plants mycorrhized ; dark septate ; Daphne genkwa ; Thymelaeaceae ; flavonoids ; design of experiments ; blooming stages ; germination stimulant ; witchweed ; methyl phenlactonoates (MPs) ; Nijmegen-1 ; weed ; plant development ; vasculature ; leaf traces ; structure ; microtomography ; Euphorbiaceae ; in vitro crop ; gamma radiation ; ionizing radiation ; mutants ; Fumaria scheleicheri Soy. Will. ; isoquinoline alkaloids ; HPLC-DAD ; in vitro anti-cholinesterase ; cytotoxic ; antioxidant ; ABC model ; hop ; transcription factors ; type-II MADS box ; type-I MADS-box ; AFLP ; carpological traits ; genetic structure ; molecular systematics ; plastid phylogeny ; Valerianaceae ; auxins ; embryogenic calli ; HPLC ; IAA ; immunohistochemistry ; deficit irrigation ; grape quality ; phenology ; plant diseases ; bacterium ; symptoms ; molecular classification ; common juniper ; common larch ; Cupressaceae ; Pinaceae ; SPME-GC-MS ; volatile compounds ; herbicidal activity ; weed control ; trait association ; GCV ; genetic variability ; genetic advance ; heritability ; PCV ; Cicer arietinum L. ; gold nanoparticles ; carbon nanotubes ; ATR-FTIR spectroscopy ; machine learning techniques ; principal component analysis ; support vector machine classification ; citrus ; melanose ; Diaporthe citri ; epidemiology ; symptomatology ; Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis ; resistance-nodulation-cell division transporter ; type-three secretion system ; phytoalexin ; brassinin ; glucosinolate ; cabbage ; flowering ; juvenile traits ; genetic stability ; flow cytometry ; somaclonal variation ; thorniness ; carbohydrates ; protein ; lipids ; fatty acids ; minerals ; plastome ; Plicosepalus acaciae ; Plicosepalus curviflorus ; loranthaceae ; mistletoe ; phylogenetic relationship ; plastome structure ; comparative analysis ; magnetic resonance imaging ; Solanum tuberosum ; multi-exponential transverse relaxation ; water stress ; broccoli ; human nutrition ; improved health ; melatonin ; postharvest ; apricot ; pollen tube ; pollination ; Prunus armeniaca ; S-alleles ; Populus ; hexokinase ; sucrose metabolism ; sugar signaling ; stress and defense ; centres of origin ; crop wild relatives ; crop domestication ; cryopreservation ; conservation ; in vitro storage ; ecosystem restoration ; plant breeding ; acidification ; alkalinisation ; bud burst ; freezing ; Malus domestica ; pH ; Picea abies ; Pinus cembra ; histone modification ; Taraxacum kok-saghyz ; natural rubber ; high light stress ; singlet oxygen ; signalling ; GPX5 ; beta cyclocitral ; acrolein ; glutathione peroxidase ; carbonyl ; transcription ; SLIM1 transcription factor ; sulfur deficiency ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; sulfate transporter ; sulfate assimilation ; stress tolerance ; LRR-RLK receptors ; dodders ; parasitic plants ; proteomics ; virus vertical transmission ; CMV-Fny strain ; pseudorecombinant virus ; chimeric virus ; infection rate ; seed-growth tests ; electron microscopy ; circular dichroism spectroscopy ; viral assembly ; Adiantetea capilli-veneris ; demographic analysis ; ecology ; IUCN ; plant conservation ; phytosociology ; rupicolous habitat ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 20
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: 10th Anniversary of Plants—Recent Advances and Perspectives is a scientific paper collection specially published on the anniversary of Plants. Covering all major areas of plant science, it is a valuable guide through current achievements and future discoveries in this scientific field.
    Keywords: Secale cereale ; Secale montanum ; Secale strictum ; QTL mapping ; molecular marker ; self-incompatibility ; fertility ; seed set ; abiotic stress ; cell homeostasis ; heterologous host synthetic approach ; terpenophenolics ; brown spot ; ACT ; fungus culture filtrate ; mycotoxin ; fruit development ; fruit gauge ; VPD ; Mangifera indica ; cell division ; cell expansion ; ripening ; pulegone ; isomenthone ; menthone ; thymol ; p-cymene ; chemotypes ; seasonal variation ; enantiomeric distribution ; label-free proteomics ; Panax ginseng ; ginsenosides ; cytochrome p450 ; UDP-glycosyltransferase ; MEP pathway ; MVA pathway ; TCA/acetone ; methanol/chloroform ; endophytes ; foliar pathogens ; pathogenicity ; taxonomy ; Thymus vulgaris ; Crithmum maritimum ; leather artifacts ; essential oils ; anti-bacterial activity ; Euphorbia dendroides L. ; aerial parts ; polyphenols ; antioxidant activity ; anti-inflammatory activity ; toxicity ; calcium oxalate crystals ; colleter ; extrafloral nectaries ; resin gland ; bud protection ; plant-environment interaction ; carbohydrate metabolism ; microarray ; crop ; rice ; productivity ; endosperm ; geometry ; morphology ; seed shape ; Vitaceae ; exDNA ; environmental DNA ; DNA sensing ; self-DNA inhibition ; autotoxicity ; plant response ; DAMP ; PAMP ; EDAP ; climate change ; food security ; Mediterranean countries ; sustainable exploitation ; phytogenetic resources ; candidate gene ; quantitative trait locus ; recombinant inbred line ; soybean drought tolerance ; weighted drought coefficient ; antioxidants ; biostimulants ; biotic stress ; GABA ; metabolism ; phytohormones ; reactive oxygen species ; signaling ; tricarboxylic acid cycle ; bacterial functions ; co-presence networks ; metagenomics ; microbial ecology ; plant domestication ; trace element ; plant nutrient ; salinity ; antioxidant defense system ; glyoxalase system ; biochar ; licorice ; soil enzymes ; nutrients ; root system ; ALS ; BCAA ; low oxygen ; flooding ; AIP1 ; Eucommia ulmoides Oliver ; trait variations ; probability grading ; quantitative traits ; planting models ; leaves ; cytokinin ; TD-K ; thidiazuron ; INCYDE ; CPPU ; isopentenyl transferase ; IPT ; cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase ; CKX ; wheat ; barley ; yield ; cucumber ; QTL-seq ; SNP markers ; white immature fruit skin color ; ecological costs ; germination models ; herbicide resistance ; hydrotime ; target-site resistance ; hydrogen peroxide ; sodium hypochlorite ; generalized regression neural network ; genetic algorithm ; scarification ; seed dormancy ; plant tissue culture ; foliar descriptors ; leaf area ; models ; vine leaves ; Olea europaea L. ; olive ; genotype by sequencing (GBS) ; single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; whole-genome sequencing (WGS) ; reference genome ; plastid markers ; DNA barcoding ; ISSR markers ; Egyptian barley ; agro-morphological traits ; cluster analysis ; genetic variation ; biplot ; drought stress ; drying processes ; mathematical model ; plant hydric stress tolerance ; rate of weight loss ; RWLMod ; water evaporation ; photosynthesis ; elevated CO2 ; Rubisco ; electron transport ; light ; diurnal cycle ; sexual propagation ; cold stratification ; in situ ; ex situ ; plant endemism ; Morocco ; biodiversity ; ex-situ conservation ; protocols ; germplasm ; forest berries ; brushing ; lettuce ; chicory ; phytochemicals ; antioxidant capacity ; Ziziphus lotus ; phenolics ; SH-SY5Y cell line ; chromatography ; Koelreuteria paniculata ; dry ethanol extracts ; GC-MS analysis ; chemical compounds ; antitumor and antimicrobial activities ; medicinal plant ; bioactive compounds ; plant-derived secondary metabolites (PDSM) ; cell suspension culture (CSC) ; bioreactor engineering ; apple ; Golden Delicious ; Top Red ; fruitlet thinners ; light reactions ; electron transport rate ; photoprotective mechanism ; state transitions ; PSII repair cycle ; vegetation structure ; environmental variables ; PC-ORD ; plant community assembly ; Himalaya ; allopolyploidy ; interspecific hybridization ; unreduced gametes ; cytological diploidization ; genomic changes ; root length ; root/shoot ratio ; specific root length ; Saragolle Lucana ; seed coating ; heavy metals ; evolution ; hyperaccumulation ; black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) ; anthocyanin stability ; herbs ; co-pigmentation ; color stability ; functional foods/beverages ; biotechnological tools ; ethnomedicine ; in vitro culture ; genetic improvement ; pollen ; tip growth ; calcium ; calcium dependent protein kinase ; Rho Guanine Dissociation Inhibitor ; ROP GTPase ; RhoGDI displacement factor ; polarity ; guar ; gene expression ; qRT-PCR ; RNA-Seq ; salt stress ; salt tolerance ; stress ; transcriptome ; D-tagatose ; IFP48 ; induced resistance ; sweet immunity ; sugar-enhanced defense ; Plasmopara viticola ; Botrytis cinerea ; Vitis vinifera ; human diet ; edible wild plants ; Plantago coronopus L. ; Rumex acetosa L. ; Cichorium intybus L. ; Artemisia dracunculus L. ; phytochemistry ; anti-inflammatory properties ; stem photosynthesis ; hydraulic recovery ; soaking ; X-ray micro-CT ; bark water uptake ; embolism ; genetic resources ; Solanaceae ; Cucumis ; Lactuca ; diversity ; vegetables ; genebank ; essential oil ; iNOS ; interleukin ; lavenders ; NF-κB ; glycosyltransferases ; ER-Golgi trafficking ; mechanism of protein sorting ; COPI and COPII complexes ; sequences and motifs involved in trafficking ; Arabidopsis ; gene regulation ; protein-protein interaction ; transcription factor ; WRI1 ; TCP20 ; lipases ; lipid metabolism ; plant-environment interactions ; reproductive development ; vegetative development ; Urtica dioica ; soilless systems ; cultivated nettle ; stress factors ; functional properties ; preharvest sprouting ; MKK3 ; maternal and paternal expressed genes ; imprinted genes ; polycomb repressive complex 2 ; mRNA processing bodies ; ribonucleic binding proteins ; monosomes ; ethylene ; elicitors ; fruit ripening ; ACC synthase/oxidase ; GC-MS ; polyamines ; Vigna genus ; introgression ; hybridisation ; phylogeny ; de novo domestication ; feralisation ; novel ecosystems ; complex networks ; tree communities ; Lantana camara ; Prosopis juliflora ; ascorbic acid ; genetic diversity ; molecular markers ; aquaculture pond sediment ; recovery ; Triticum aestivum ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; wheat grass juice quality ; UV-B radiation ; olive tree ; metabolomic ; phenolic profile ; lipophilic profile ; ecophysiology ; environment ; arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis ; comparative transcriptomics ; Arum-type ; Paris-type ; Solanum lycopersicum ; Rhizophagus irregularis ; Gigaspora margarita ; Camelina sativa ; semi-arid lands ; biofuel feedstock ; biodiesel ; renewable diesel ; crop breeding ; transgenesis ; genome editing ; Xanthomonas euvesicatoria ; host associate factor ; comparative genomics ; Cannabis sativa L. ; chemovars ; secondary metabolites ; trichomes ; residual by-products ; biogeography ; cardioid ; islands ; geometric models ; Mediterranean flora ; Silene ; super-ellipse ; abscisic acid ; aromatic herb ; ascorbate-glutathione cycle ; jasmonic acid ; lipoic acid ; oxidative stress ; salicylic acid ; Salvia officinalis ; drought ; state of stress ; tolerance ; avoidance ; stress survival ; amino acids ; nitrate reductase ; glutamine synthetase ; plants mycorrhized ; dark septate ; Daphne genkwa ; Thymelaeaceae ; flavonoids ; design of experiments ; blooming stages ; germination stimulant ; witchweed ; methyl phenlactonoates (MPs) ; Nijmegen-1 ; weed ; plant development ; vasculature ; leaf traces ; structure ; microtomography ; Euphorbiaceae ; in vitro crop ; gamma radiation ; ionizing radiation ; mutants ; Fumaria scheleicheri Soy. Will. ; isoquinoline alkaloids ; HPLC-DAD ; in vitro anti-cholinesterase ; cytotoxic ; antioxidant ; ABC model ; hop ; transcription factors ; type-II MADS box ; type-I MADS-box ; AFLP ; carpological traits ; genetic structure ; molecular systematics ; plastid phylogeny ; Valerianaceae ; auxins ; embryogenic calli ; HPLC ; IAA ; immunohistochemistry ; deficit irrigation ; grape quality ; phenology ; plant diseases ; bacterium ; symptoms ; molecular classification ; common juniper ; common larch ; Cupressaceae ; Pinaceae ; SPME-GC-MS ; volatile compounds ; herbicidal activity ; weed control ; trait association ; GCV ; genetic variability ; genetic advance ; heritability ; PCV ; Cicer arietinum L. ; gold nanoparticles ; carbon nanotubes ; ATR-FTIR spectroscopy ; machine learning techniques ; principal component analysis ; support vector machine classification ; citrus ; melanose ; Diaporthe citri ; epidemiology ; symptomatology ; Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis ; resistance-nodulation-cell division transporter ; type-three secretion system ; phytoalexin ; brassinin ; glucosinolate ; cabbage ; flowering ; juvenile traits ; genetic stability ; flow cytometry ; somaclonal variation ; thorniness ; carbohydrates ; protein ; lipids ; fatty acids ; minerals ; plastome ; Plicosepalus acaciae ; Plicosepalus curviflorus ; loranthaceae ; mistletoe ; phylogenetic relationship ; plastome structure ; comparative analysis ; magnetic resonance imaging ; Solanum tuberosum ; multi-exponential transverse relaxation ; water stress ; broccoli ; human nutrition ; improved health ; melatonin ; postharvest ; apricot ; pollen tube ; pollination ; Prunus armeniaca ; S-alleles ; Populus ; hexokinase ; sucrose metabolism ; sugar signaling ; stress and defense ; centres of origin ; crop wild relatives ; crop domestication ; cryopreservation ; conservation ; in vitro storage ; ecosystem restoration ; plant breeding ; acidification ; alkalinisation ; bud burst ; freezing ; Malus domestica ; pH ; Picea abies ; Pinus cembra ; histone modification ; Taraxacum kok-saghyz ; natural rubber ; high light stress ; singlet oxygen ; signalling ; GPX5 ; beta cyclocitral ; acrolein ; glutathione peroxidase ; carbonyl ; transcription ; SLIM1 transcription factor ; sulfur deficiency ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; sulfate transporter ; sulfate assimilation ; stress tolerance ; LRR-RLK receptors ; dodders ; parasitic plants ; proteomics ; virus vertical transmission ; CMV-Fny strain ; pseudorecombinant virus ; chimeric virus ; infection rate ; seed-growth tests ; electron microscopy ; circular dichroism spectroscopy ; viral assembly ; Adiantetea capilli-veneris ; demographic analysis ; ecology ; IUCN ; plant conservation ; phytosociology ; rupicolous habitat ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: Integrated crop management involves several eco-friendly measures combined to sustain production. The integration of these management practices leads to improved soil health and crop productivity. However, the benefits of Integrated Crop Management are largely influenced by the environment, soil type and fertility, and crop type. Mono-cropping systems or the use of the same crop rotation have led to reduced soil quality, favoring insect pest infestation and reducing farm profits. This Special Issue focuses on the impacts of Integrated Crop Management practices on soil health, crop productivity, and a reduction in the impacts of expected climate change on crop production in a sustainable manner.
    Keywords: hybrid rice ; nutrient management practices ; production and profitability ; Fusarium foot rot ; Indian dwarf wheat ; tillering ; powdery mildew ; Persian wheat ; root rot ; yield components ; manure ; crop production ; soil enzymes ; plant nutrients ; respiration ; microbial biomass ; essential oil ; zeolite ; gelatin ; encapsulation ; pest control ; allelopathy ; barley ; cropping systems ; soil quality ; weed biocontrol ; regression model ; epidemiological variable ; M. persicae ; PLRV ; management ; sorghum ; locations ; P-K levels ; fodder quality ; yield traits ; tropical conditions ; osmopriming ; grain yield ; grain B concentration ; boron-tolerant bacteria ; biological control ; sustainable ; natural predation ; habitat management ; sucking pests ; mixed cropping ; legume ; microbial diversity ; biochar ; nitrogen cycling ; rice ; hybrid ; desirable ; agricultural traits ; adaptation ; Honglian ; Gossypium hirsutum ; Egyptian clover ; canola ; wheat ; economic analyses ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: When adopting remote sensing techniques in precision agriculture, there are two main areas to consider: data acquisition and data analysis methodologies. Imagery and remote sensor data collected using different platforms provide a variety of information volumes and formats. For example, recent research in precision agriculture has used multispectral images from different platforms, such as satellites, airborne, and, most recently, drones. These images have been used for various analyses, from the detection of pests and diseases, growth, and water status of crops to yield estimations. However, accurately detecting specific biotic or abiotic stresses requires a narrow range of spectral information to be analyzed for each application. In data analysis, the volume and complexity of data formats obtained using the latest technologies in remote sensing (e.g., a cube of data for hyperspectral imagery) demands complex data processing systems and data analysis using multiple inputs to estimate specific categorical or numerical targets. New and emerging methodologies within artificial intelligence, such as machine learning and deep learning, have enabled us to deal with these increasing data volumes and the analysis complexity.
    Keywords: vineyard ; pesticide application ; variable rate application ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; satellite ; nanosatellite ; monsoon crops ; leaf area index ; leaf chlorophyll concentration ; crop water content ; multispectral ; hyperspectral ; deep learning ; forage dry matter yield ; high-throughput phenotyping ; Brazilian pasture ; nitrogen indicator ; nitrogen nutrition diagnosis ; optical sensor ; spectral index ; UAV ; wheat lodging ; lightweight ; digital surface model (DSM) ; winter wheat ; fractional order differential ; continuous wavelet transform ; optimal subset regression ; support vector machine ; wheat powdery mildew ; machine learning ; information fusion ; remote sensing monitoring ; hyperspectral imaging ; dimensionality reduction ; LDA ; PLS ; PCA ; RandomForest ; ReliefF ; XGB ; Meloidogyne ; Solanum tuberosum ; soil salinity sensitive parameter ; random forest ; optimal retrieval model ; remote sensing ; high throughput phenotyping ; UAV/drone ; biomass estimation ; oats ; wheat ; yield prediction ; random forests ; satellite imagery ; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Following on from the Special Issue “Recent Advances and Contribution of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications for Agricultural Monitoring”, we concluded that SAR has now become a pivotal sensor for agricultural monitoring. In this Special Issue, you will find a variety of background material discussing SAR and its applications. Several papers focused on using machine learning approaches with SAR to monitor crop stages and classify crops, while others focused on the polarimetric mode to estimate crop height. Going forward, we hope that you will find this Special Issue to be a useful reference.
    Keywords: monsoon cropland ; Sentinel ; smallholders ; Google Earth Engine ; SAR ; India ; tropical agricultural monitoring ; canopy development analysis ; phenology retrieval ; Sentinel-1 ; multitemporal SAR ; multi-task machine learning ; crop development ; remote sensing ; productivity indicators ; wheat ; growth dynamics ; synthetic aperture radar ; Sentinel-1A ; rice detection ; time-series data ; rice growth-related features ; crop height ; RADARSAT-2 ; corn ; Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ; PolSAR ; machine learning ; RFR ; SVR ; agriculture ; temporal composite ; object-oriented ; crop classification ; crop monitoring ; polarimetry ; decomposition ; field variability ; crop parameters ; multitemporal analysis ; crop identification ; parcel-based classification ; Common Agricultural Policy ; dual-pol ; crop characterization ; phenology ; unsupervised classification ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Vols 1 and 2 contain 57 papers in the Special Issue of ‘Plant Genomics 2009’ and cover a wide range of topics, highlighting the significant progress that has been made in recent years in our understanding of the genetics and genomics of plants’ growth, development, and stress responses. These studies provide valuable insights into the potential applications of genomic tools and technologies for crop improvement and sustainable agriculture, as well as fundamental questions about the evolution and function of plant genes and genomes.
    Keywords: Aristolochia ; chloroplast genome ; molecular evolution ; compare analysis ; phylogeny ; brassinosteroid-signaling kinase ; gene family ; expression profile ; alternative splicing ; intron retention ; genome-wide analysis ; drought tolerance ; foxtail millet ; LIM genes ; transgenic rice ; protein phosphatase (PP2C) ; cotton ; syntenic relationships ; expression patterns ; evolutionary analysis ; Populus trichocarpa ; multiple organellar RNA editing factor ; drought stress ; RNA editing ; genome ; β-glucosidase ; Brassica rapa ; BrBGLU10 ; pollen development ; co-expression analysis ; VQ genes family ; Eucalyptus grandis ; expression pattern ; plant hormones ; abiotic stress ; calcium-dependent protein kinases ; CDPK-related kinases ; cucurbitaceae ; hst1 ; Na+ accumulation ; SNP ; rapid generation advance ; salt tolerant ; variant annotation ; whole-genome sequencing ; expression ; genome-wide ; identification of peroxidase genes ; duplication pattern ; stress ; cassava ; ABCDE model ; cereals ; evolutionary relationships ; flower organ identity ; floral speciation ; MADS-box genes ; maize ; ZmTCP ; natural variation ; subgroup IId ; CsWRKY7 ; flowering ; Arabidopsis ; Camellia sinensis ; pomegranate ; sequence diversity ; site-specific selection ; tomato ; MADS-box ; floral organ ; fruit development ; polygalacturonase (PGs), pectin methylesterase (PMEs), collinearity analysis ; gene duplications ; expression profiling ; grapevine ; Rehmannia glutinosa L. ; replant disease ; rhizosphere microbes ; NB-LRR ; plant hormone ; apple ; aquaporin ; functional analysis ; stress tolerance ; Salicaceae ; phylogenetic relationship ; plastid genome ; comparative genomics ; repeat sequences ; stress marker genes ; sesame ; gene co-expression ; abiotic stress tolerance ; hub genes ; meta-analysis ; agrobacterium ; transient expression ; virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) ; tobacco rattle virus (TRV) ; cassava (Manihot esculenta) ; chalcone synthase ; chromatin accessibility ; epigenetic inheritance ; genetic engineering ; methylation ; ODNs ; CRISPR/Cas9 ; genome editing ; plant breeding ; multiplex genome editing ; crop improvement ; TALEN ; ZFN ; biotic stress ; avocado ; carotenoid biosynthesis ; mesocarp ; seed ; de novo assembly from short read sequencing ; full-length transcript sequencing ; differentially expressed genes ; gene dosage ; pigment ; turnip ; gene expression ; antioxidant ; nutritional quality ; B3 superfamily ; transcription factor ; ovule abortion ; Vitis vinifera ; expression analysis ; cold response ; Pittosporum tobira ; leaf variegation ; linoleic acid ; ROS scavenging enzyme ; heat shock protein ; invasive weed ; Rhizoctonia solani ; phytohormone signaling ; systemic signal ; plant defense ; calcium signaling ; ABA ; drought ; salinity ; citrulline ; genome-wide association study ; haplotype ; watermelon ; acetolactate synthase ; ferrochelatase ; rice ; large grain gene ; large grain-isogenic Koshihikari ; fine mapping ; NGS ; GW2 ; co-integration ; gene recombination ; semidwarf gene ; d60 ; linkage ; chromosome 2 ; Brachypodium ; comparative chromosome barcoding ; dysploidy ; karyotype structure and evolution ; model grass genus ; molecular cytogenetics ; polyploidy ; plant genome ; artificial microRNA ; gene silencing ; Lagerstroemia indica ; ornamental value ; anthocyanins ; leaf coloration ; directional improvement ; YABBY ; pineapple ; subcellular localization ; oak species identification ; Quercus ; mutation hotspots ; Centranthera grandiflora Benth ; transcriptome ; catalpol biosynthesis ; acteoside biosynthesis ; azafrin biosynthesis ; wheat ; Dasypyrum villosum ; alien substitution line ; GISH ; molecular marker ; marker-assisted selection ; regulation ; RNA-seq ; biosynthesis pathway ; chalcones ; stilbenes ; common bean ; Fusarium oxysproum ; plant–pathogen interaction ; metabolome ; evolution ; genome fractionation ; ABC transporters ; transcription factors ; transposable elements ; whole-genome duplication ; RNA-sequencing ; ChIP-sequencing ; transcriptional regulatory mechanism ; data integration ; karyopherin ; solanum tuberosum ; chemical fungicide ; disease control ; Neoscytalidium dimidiatum ; royal poinciana ; stem canker ; UAE ; bioinformatics ; VvGAST ; GASR ; Cis-elements ; wheat genome ; kernel hardness ; Puroindoline ; Puroindoline b-2 variants ; genotype-to-phenotype association ; synteny ; phylogenetic analysis ; genomic selection ; missing data ; minor allele frequency ; GDSL lipase ; GPAT6 ; cutin ; habaneros ; Capsicum chinense ; fruit ; RNA-Seq ; flax ; genome-wide association study (GWAS) ; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; prediction accuracy ; quantitative trait loci (QTL) ; quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) ; Fabaceae ; Lupinus ; glutamine synthetase (GS) ; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) ; gene families ; duplication/triplication ; structural genomics ; genome organization ; genome evolution ; microRNA ; miRNA156 ; seed development ; fatty acid synthesis ; linseed flax ; anthocyanin biosynthetic genes ; cis-regulatory motifs ; DEGs ; network analysis ; qRT-PCR ; reddish purple Chinese cabbage ; abscisic acid ; flavonolignans ; metabolite profiling ; Silybum marianum ; silymarin ; aquaporins ; bright yellow-2 suspension cells ; Nicotiana tabacum ; substrate specificity ; TaCKX1 ; TaCKX expression ; grain yield ; cytokinins ; phytohormones ; RNAi ; wheat spikes ; genome-wide identification ; 2OGD family ; hormone biosynthetic and metabolism genes ; tomato fruit ripening ; DNA methylation ; phenomics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: In recent decades, crop breeding has greatly benefited from the knowledge of plant genomics and genetics, as well as the development of modern biotechnologies. Exploring the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms underlying various plant developmental and growth processes is imperative, as they underpin crop yield, grain quality, and stress adaptations. The goal of this Special Issue in IJMS, “Research on Plant Genomics and Breeding”, is to present an overview of the latest fundamental discoveries in the field of plant genomics, as well as the potential utilization of biotechnologies in crop genetic improvement. We welcome all readers to this Reprint that covers several fields: the genetic and functional characterization of genes regulating important plant development processes or agronomic traits; the genetic improvement in crops using gene editing and other modern biotechnologies; and the discovery, characterization, and application of germplasm resources with elite traits.
    Keywords: lotus ; genome ; variant ; germplasm ; breeding ; omics ; rapeseed ; root and biomass traits ; nitrogen stress ; GWAS ; RNA sequencing ; rice (Oryza sativa L.) ; gibberellins ; abscisic acid ; NF-YCs ; upland cotton ; senescence ; genomic region ; candidate gene ; GhMKK9 ; Oryza sativa L. ; leaf shape ; salt stress ; bulliform cells ; aquaporin ; okra ; growth ; NAC transcription factor ; flavonoid ; photosynthesis ; Tartary buckwheat ; H2O2 ; NaCl ; physiology and biochemistry ; Brassicaceae ; Brassica oleracea ; DFR ; MYBL2 ; SNP ; RNA ; CRISPR ; soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) ; cytoplasmic male sterility ; pollen abortion ; gene expression ; histone methylation ; protein arginine methyltransferase ; Zea mays L. ; abiotic stress ; functional analysis ; rice ; domestication ; genomic variation ; synonymous codon usage bias ; DNA methylation ; Oryza longistaminata ; rhizome ; sucrose ; RNA-Seq ; transcriptome ; fresh corn ; stalk sugar content ; agronomic traits ; genome-wide association analysis ; selective sweep ; single nucleotide polymorphisms ; multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) ; analytic hierarchy process (AHP) ; herbaceous peony ; germplasm resources ; global warming ; low latitudes ; gene family ; cis-acting element ; gene duplication events ; evolutionary relationship ; Areca catechu ; NRAMP ; Fe and Zn deficiency ; stress response ; salinity ; OsLPR5 ; ferroxidase ; stress ; parental imprinting ; transgenerational epigenetics ; paternal inheritance ; wheat ; TaCKX expression ; cytokinin ; yield ; kompetitive allele-specific PCR ; genetic validation ; water deficit ; MAS ; grain length ; re-sequencing ; fine mapping ; P450 protein ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
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  • 26
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Global change induced extreme climate events are becoming more common than ever. Soil carbon and nitrogen pools correlated significantly with changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas. Large increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases, majorly carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane, can enhance the heating of atmosphere, which will be generally followed by global warming. Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions including various strategies, such as the sequestrations of carbon and nitrogen in soil, plant or ecosystems, efficient management of agricultural and forestry ecosystems, mitigation of ecosystem carbon and nitrogen leaching, etc. The mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from all kinds of sources will be therefore crucial in mitigation of global climate change.This reprint gathered latest case studies and methodologies, including, but not limited to measurement and mitigation strategies of carbon and nitrogen pools in soil, plant, or ecosystems, and greenhouse gas emissions, will substantially improve our understanding of the potential, ability, and capacity of ecosystems in mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and hence global climate change. This reprint can be used by colleagues working on global climate change, ecology, agriculture, forestry and policy makers associated with global change. Chapters included in this reprint were contributed by colleagues from China, Egypt, Italy, Jordan, Mexico, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, etc. It can be used in most countries in the world.
    Keywords: nitrogen leaching ; blackwater ; wastewater reuse ; maize fertilization ; N surplus ; N2O emissions ; denitrification ; nitrification ; C:N ratio ; integrated nutrient management ; substrate quality ; carbon dioxide ; Kinetic theory ; Mollisols ; temperature sensitivity ; wetlands ; environmental services ; carbon soil sequestration ; carbon budgets ; minimum data set ; mountain meadow ; soil quality index ; Wugong Mountain ; tourism disturbance ; climate change ; wheat stripe rust ; hyperspectral remote sensing ; identification model ; soil nitrogen ; composting ; wheat ; yield ; greenhouse gas ; soil micro-organism ; land use/cover change ; landscape ; runoff ; sedimentation ; Loess Plateau ; dioecious plant ; reproductive stages ; nutrient characteristics ; endophytes ; metabolite ; biofuel crops ; carbon sequestration ; greenhouse gas emissions ; net ecosystem CO2 exchange ; phytoremediation ; Camellia oleifera ; girdling ; foliar fertilizer ; nutrient content ; Idesia polycarpa ; abscisic acid (ABA) ; indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) ; gibberellinA3 (GA3) ; trans-Zeatin-riboside (tZR) ; High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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  • 27
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: 10th Anniversary of Plants—Recent Advances and Perspectives is a scientific paper collection specially published on the anniversary of Plants. Covering all major areas of plant science, it is a valuable guide through current achievements and future discoveries in this scientific field.
    Keywords: Secale cereale ; Secale montanum ; Secale strictum ; QTL mapping ; molecular marker ; self-incompatibility ; fertility ; seed set ; abiotic stress ; cell homeostasis ; heterologous host synthetic approach ; terpenophenolics ; brown spot ; ACT ; fungus culture filtrate ; mycotoxin ; fruit development ; fruit gauge ; VPD ; Mangifera indica ; cell division ; cell expansion ; ripening ; pulegone ; isomenthone ; menthone ; thymol ; p-cymene ; chemotypes ; seasonal variation ; enantiomeric distribution ; label-free proteomics ; Panax ginseng ; ginsenosides ; cytochrome p450 ; UDP-glycosyltransferase ; MEP pathway ; MVA pathway ; TCA/acetone ; methanol/chloroform ; endophytes ; foliar pathogens ; pathogenicity ; taxonomy ; Thymus vulgaris ; Crithmum maritimum ; leather artifacts ; essential oils ; anti-bacterial activity ; Euphorbia dendroides L. ; aerial parts ; polyphenols ; antioxidant activity ; anti-inflammatory activity ; toxicity ; calcium oxalate crystals ; colleter ; extrafloral nectaries ; resin gland ; bud protection ; plant-environment interaction ; carbohydrate metabolism ; microarray ; crop ; rice ; productivity ; endosperm ; geometry ; morphology ; seed shape ; Vitaceae ; exDNA ; environmental DNA ; DNA sensing ; self-DNA inhibition ; autotoxicity ; plant response ; DAMP ; PAMP ; EDAP ; climate change ; food security ; Mediterranean countries ; sustainable exploitation ; phytogenetic resources ; candidate gene ; quantitative trait locus ; recombinant inbred line ; soybean drought tolerance ; weighted drought coefficient ; antioxidants ; biostimulants ; biotic stress ; GABA ; metabolism ; phytohormones ; reactive oxygen species ; signaling ; tricarboxylic acid cycle ; bacterial functions ; co-presence networks ; metagenomics ; microbial ecology ; plant domestication ; trace element ; plant nutrient ; salinity ; antioxidant defense system ; glyoxalase system ; biochar ; licorice ; soil enzymes ; nutrients ; root system ; ALS ; BCAA ; low oxygen ; flooding ; AIP1 ; Eucommia ulmoides Oliver ; trait variations ; probability grading ; quantitative traits ; planting models ; leaves ; cytokinin ; TD-K ; thidiazuron ; INCYDE ; CPPU ; isopentenyl transferase ; IPT ; cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase ; CKX ; wheat ; barley ; yield ; cucumber ; QTL-seq ; SNP markers ; white immature fruit skin color ; ecological costs ; germination models ; herbicide resistance ; hydrotime ; target-site resistance ; hydrogen peroxide ; sodium hypochlorite ; generalized regression neural network ; genetic algorithm ; scarification ; seed dormancy ; plant tissue culture ; foliar descriptors ; leaf area ; models ; vine leaves ; Olea europaea L. ; olive ; genotype by sequencing (GBS) ; single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; whole-genome sequencing (WGS) ; reference genome ; plastid markers ; DNA barcoding ; ISSR markers ; Egyptian barley ; agro-morphological traits ; cluster analysis ; genetic variation ; biplot ; drought stress ; drying processes ; mathematical model ; plant hydric stress tolerance ; rate of weight loss ; RWLMod ; water evaporation ; photosynthesis ; elevated CO2 ; Rubisco ; electron transport ; light ; diurnal cycle ; sexual propagation ; cold stratification ; in situ ; ex situ ; plant endemism ; Morocco ; biodiversity ; ex-situ conservation ; protocols ; germplasm ; forest berries ; brushing ; lettuce ; chicory ; phytochemicals ; antioxidant capacity ; Ziziphus lotus ; phenolics ; SH-SY5Y cell line ; chromatography ; Koelreuteria paniculata ; dry ethanol extracts ; GC-MS analysis ; chemical compounds ; antitumor and antimicrobial activities ; medicinal plant ; bioactive compounds ; plant-derived secondary metabolites (PDSM) ; cell suspension culture (CSC) ; bioreactor engineering ; apple ; Golden Delicious ; Top Red ; fruitlet thinners ; light reactions ; electron transport rate ; photoprotective mechanism ; state transitions ; PSII repair cycle ; vegetation structure ; environmental variables ; PC-ORD ; plant community assembly ; Himalaya ; allopolyploidy ; interspecific hybridization ; unreduced gametes ; cytological diploidization ; genomic changes ; root length ; root/shoot ratio ; specific root length ; Saragolle Lucana ; seed coating ; heavy metals ; evolution ; hyperaccumulation ; black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) ; anthocyanin stability ; herbs ; co-pigmentation ; color stability ; functional foods/beverages ; biotechnological tools ; ethnomedicine ; in vitro culture ; genetic improvement ; pollen ; tip growth ; calcium ; calcium dependent protein kinase ; Rho Guanine Dissociation Inhibitor ; ROP GTPase ; RhoGDI displacement factor ; polarity ; guar ; gene expression ; qRT-PCR ; RNA-Seq ; salt stress ; salt tolerance ; stress ; transcriptome ; D-tagatose ; IFP48 ; induced resistance ; sweet immunity ; sugar-enhanced defense ; Plasmopara viticola ; Botrytis cinerea ; Vitis vinifera ; human diet ; edible wild plants ; Plantago coronopus L. ; Rumex acetosa L. ; Cichorium intybus L. ; Artemisia dracunculus L. ; phytochemistry ; anti-inflammatory properties ; stem photosynthesis ; hydraulic recovery ; soaking ; X-ray micro-CT ; bark water uptake ; embolism ; genetic resources ; Solanaceae ; Cucumis ; Lactuca ; diversity ; vegetables ; genebank ; essential oil ; iNOS ; interleukin ; lavenders ; NF-κB ; glycosyltransferases ; ER-Golgi trafficking ; mechanism of protein sorting ; COPI and COPII complexes ; sequences and motifs involved in trafficking ; Arabidopsis ; gene regulation ; protein-protein interaction ; transcription factor ; WRI1 ; TCP20 ; lipases ; lipid metabolism ; plant-environment interactions ; reproductive development ; vegetative development ; Urtica dioica ; soilless systems ; cultivated nettle ; stress factors ; functional properties ; preharvest sprouting ; MKK3 ; maternal and paternal expressed genes ; imprinted genes ; polycomb repressive complex 2 ; mRNA processing bodies ; ribonucleic binding proteins ; monosomes ; ethylene ; elicitors ; fruit ripening ; ACC synthase/oxidase ; GC-MS ; polyamines ; Vigna genus ; introgression ; hybridisation ; phylogeny ; de novo domestication ; feralisation ; novel ecosystems ; complex networks ; tree communities ; Lantana camara ; Prosopis juliflora ; ascorbic acid ; genetic diversity ; molecular markers ; aquaculture pond sediment ; recovery ; Triticum aestivum ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; wheat grass juice quality ; UV-B radiation ; olive tree ; metabolomic ; phenolic profile ; lipophilic profile ; ecophysiology ; environment ; arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis ; comparative transcriptomics ; Arum-type ; Paris-type ; Solanum lycopersicum ; Rhizophagus irregularis ; Gigaspora margarita ; Camelina sativa ; semi-arid lands ; biofuel feedstock ; biodiesel ; renewable diesel ; crop breeding ; transgenesis ; genome editing ; Xanthomonas euvesicatoria ; host associate factor ; comparative genomics ; Cannabis sativa L. ; chemovars ; secondary metabolites ; trichomes ; residual by-products ; biogeography ; cardioid ; islands ; geometric models ; Mediterranean flora ; Silene ; super-ellipse ; abscisic acid ; aromatic herb ; ascorbate-glutathione cycle ; jasmonic acid ; lipoic acid ; oxidative stress ; salicylic acid ; Salvia officinalis ; drought ; state of stress ; tolerance ; avoidance ; stress survival ; amino acids ; nitrate reductase ; glutamine synthetase ; plants mycorrhized ; dark septate ; Daphne genkwa ; Thymelaeaceae ; flavonoids ; design of experiments ; blooming stages ; germination stimulant ; witchweed ; methyl phenlactonoates (MPs) ; Nijmegen-1 ; weed ; plant development ; vasculature ; leaf traces ; structure ; microtomography ; Euphorbiaceae ; in vitro crop ; gamma radiation ; ionizing radiation ; mutants ; Fumaria scheleicheri Soy. Will. ; isoquinoline alkaloids ; HPLC-DAD ; in vitro anti-cholinesterase ; cytotoxic ; antioxidant ; ABC model ; hop ; transcription factors ; type-II MADS box ; type-I MADS-box ; AFLP ; carpological traits ; genetic structure ; molecular systematics ; plastid phylogeny ; Valerianaceae ; auxins ; embryogenic calli ; HPLC ; IAA ; immunohistochemistry ; deficit irrigation ; grape quality ; phenology ; plant diseases ; bacterium ; symptoms ; molecular classification ; common juniper ; common larch ; Cupressaceae ; Pinaceae ; SPME-GC-MS ; volatile compounds ; herbicidal activity ; weed control ; trait association ; GCV ; genetic variability ; genetic advance ; heritability ; PCV ; Cicer arietinum L. ; gold nanoparticles ; carbon nanotubes ; ATR-FTIR spectroscopy ; machine learning techniques ; principal component analysis ; support vector machine classification ; citrus ; melanose ; Diaporthe citri ; epidemiology ; symptomatology ; Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis ; resistance-nodulation-cell division transporter ; type-three secretion system ; phytoalexin ; brassinin ; glucosinolate ; cabbage ; flowering ; juvenile traits ; genetic stability ; flow cytometry ; somaclonal variation ; thorniness ; carbohydrates ; protein ; lipids ; fatty acids ; minerals ; plastome ; Plicosepalus acaciae ; Plicosepalus curviflorus ; loranthaceae ; mistletoe ; phylogenetic relationship ; plastome structure ; comparative analysis ; magnetic resonance imaging ; Solanum tuberosum ; multi-exponential transverse relaxation ; water stress ; broccoli ; human nutrition ; improved health ; melatonin ; postharvest ; apricot ; pollen tube ; pollination ; Prunus armeniaca ; S-alleles ; Populus ; hexokinase ; sucrose metabolism ; sugar signaling ; stress and defense ; centres of origin ; crop wild relatives ; crop domestication ; cryopreservation ; conservation ; in vitro storage ; ecosystem restoration ; plant breeding ; acidification ; alkalinisation ; bud burst ; freezing ; Malus domestica ; pH ; Picea abies ; Pinus cembra ; histone modification ; Taraxacum kok-saghyz ; natural rubber ; high light stress ; singlet oxygen ; signalling ; GPX5 ; beta cyclocitral ; acrolein ; glutathione peroxidase ; carbonyl ; transcription ; SLIM1 transcription factor ; sulfur deficiency ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; sulfate transporter ; sulfate assimilation ; stress tolerance ; LRR-RLK receptors ; dodders ; parasitic plants ; proteomics ; virus vertical transmission ; CMV-Fny strain ; pseudorecombinant virus ; chimeric virus ; infection rate ; seed-growth tests ; electron microscopy ; circular dichroism spectroscopy ; viral assembly ; Adiantetea capilli-veneris ; demographic analysis ; ecology ; IUCN ; plant conservation ; phytosociology ; rupicolous habitat ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Numerous biotic and abiotic stresses can significantly decrease crop growth and yields. In the context of climate change, stresses will be more frequent in the coming years and will have an even more severe impact on agricultural systems. As a result, crop production could be drastically reduced, with the consequences aggravated by the fact that the world’s growing population will require more food production. Furthermore, among abiotic stresses, the salinity of soils and water for agricultural use, as well as drought, particularly impact crops. For these reasons, sustainable measures need to be implemented to maintain/increase crop production and ensure the resilience of agricultural systems. To this end, biostimulants, materials that can increase crop productivity and the quality profile of end products, are an increasingly popular solution. The primary function of biostimulants is improving nutrient use efficiency, quality traits, and stress tolerance, as well as ensuring the bioavailability of nutrients in the soil or rhizosphere. Therefore, this Special Issue published research on the effects of biostimulants on helping crops to cope with abiotic stresses, focusing on salt and drought stress. In addition, scientific contributions on the use of biostimulants to counteract other abiotic stresses, such as potentially toxic metals and extreme temperatures, are also welcome. New substances with biostimulant action and studies investigating the mechanisms of action of biostimulants and their qualitative, economic, and environmental benefits will also be considered.
    Keywords: bread wheat ; water table ; salinity ; gluten ; sedimentation ; abiotic stress ; germination ; plant growth ; reactive oxygen species ; toxic ions ; biostimulant ; aquatic species ; photosynthesis ; plant nutrition ; bioactive metabolites ; Miscanthus spp. ; drought tolerance ; photosynthetic parameters ; bioenergy crops ; automated irrigation control ; plant growth-promoting bacteria ; biological control ; antioxidants enzymes ; plant microbiome ; temperature stress ; elevated CO2 ; UV-B ; Brassica oleracea ; Brassica juncea ; green synthesis ; priming ; osmolytes ; oxidative stress ; salt ; sorghum ; buchu extract ; ZnO NPs ; antioxidant ; Olea europaea L. ; selenium ; heat stress ; Ca2+-cytosolic ; pollen germination ; Rapid high temperature ; Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ; Catalase ; Chlorogenic acid ; Key metabolic mechanisms ; bostimulation ; plant extract ; Hordeum vulgare ; growth performance ; production components ; root elongation ; aluminum toxicity ; antioxidant enzyme ; nitrate ; wheat ; abiotic stress tolerance ; seaweeds ; protection ; plant functionality ; grain weight ; yield ; drought ; Solanum lycopersicum ; biostimulation ; plant tissue ; plant response ; enhancement of tolerance ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: As an important tool of systems biology, proteomics has enabled a deep understanding of different plant processes and functions. Complemented with genomic data, computational tools, and improved sample preparation strategies, proteomics has an unprecedented opportunity to characterize plant proteoforms in high spatial and temporal resolution. This special issue of Plant Proteomic Research 4.0 captures the recent advancements in proteomics and addresses the current challenges of plant stress response and resilience in the ever-changing climate. It contains 12 articles, including three reviews and nine original research articles. The three reviews deal with pollen phosphoproteomics, starch biosynthesis-related proteins and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in rice developing seeds, and PTMs of waxy proteins in rice grain. The nine research articles include three related to temperature, two on water stress, two on salt stress, one on fungal pathogen, and the last one on field-grown potato apoplast proteome. The articles reflect the current frontiers of plant proteomics, focusing on themes of environmental stresses, proteoforms/PTMs, crop species, and new development in data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. They provide readers insights into current technologies, their utility in understanding plant growth and resilience, as well as directions of proteomics in the frontiers of systems biology and synthetic biology.
    Keywords: peptide markers ; Quercus ilex ; drought tolerance ; targeted post-acquisition proteomics ; plant pathogenesis responses ; quantitative proteomics ; data-independent acquisition ; Phytophthora infestans ; waxy ; amylose ; posttranslational modification ; GBSSI ; rice ; wheat ; salt stress ; physiological characteristics ; ER proteome ; label-free quantitation ; starch biosynthesis ; proteomics ; starch functionality ; cooking and eating quality ; Mesembryanthemum crystallinum ; McHB7 ; transcription factor ; late embryogenesis abundant ; Arabidopsis ; seed germination ; metabolomics ; heat-stable proteome ; dehydrins ; LEA transcripts ; intrinsically disordered proteins ; floral thermogenesis ; Nelumbo nucifera ; DIA-based quantitative proteomics ; time series analysis ; protein-protein interaction network ; WGCNA ; mutant soybean ; flooding ; glycoprotein folding ; fermentation ; cell death ; rice endosperm ; phosphorylation ; high temperature ; sucrose and starch metabolism ; ABPP ; apoplast ; serine hydrolases ; β-glycosidases ; potato ; field-omics ; phosphoproteomics ; pollen tube ; male gametophyte ; root hair ; signal transduction ; kinase motif ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The papers included in this Special Issue address a variety of important aspects of plant biodiversity and genetic resources, including definitions, descriptions, and illustrations of different components and their value for food and nutrition security, breeding, and environmental services. Furthermore, comprehensive information is provided regarding conservation approaches and techniques for plant genetic resources, policy aspects, and results of biological, genetic, morphological, economic, social, and breeding-related research activities. The complexity and vulnerability of (plant) biodiversity and its inherent genetic resources, as an integral part of the contextual ecosystem and the human web of life, are clearly demonstrated in this Special Issue, and for several encountered problems and constraints, possible approaches or solutions are presented to overcome these.
    Keywords: climate change ; combined drought and heat stress ; drought ; heat ; landraces ; maize ; Rhododendron ; conservation strategies ; genetic differentiation ; gene flow ; populations contraction ; AFLP ; genetic diversity ; invasive ; Poaceae ; population genetics ; range expansion ; genebanks ; forage germplasm ; grasses ; legumes ; seed storage ; conservation ; seed longevity ; seed germination ; monitoring ; regeneration ; pea landraces ; Amorgos ; Schinoussa ; DNA Barcoding ; ISSR genotyping ; HRM analysis ; powdery mildew ; ex situ conservation ; germination ; longevity ; plant genetic resources ; agrobiodiversity ; genebank ; genebank management ; seed physiology ; seed quality management ; Carthamus tinctorius ; genotyping by sequencing ; germplasm characterization ; GWAS ; oilseed crop ; DArT markers ; macadamia ; dendrogram ; principal coordinate analysis ; population structure ; wild species ; malnutrition ; food security ; vegetables ; genetic resources ; home gardens ; community seedbanks ; variety introduction ; vegetable breeding ; high-throughput phenotyping ; statistical modelling ; phenotypic breeding ; genomic selection ; Solanum chacoense ; stress tolerance ; Brassica oleracea ; diversity ; SNP ; atolls ; leafy vegetables ; non-communicable diseases (NCD) ; nutrition security ; mineral nutrients ; natural biofortification ; crop wild relatives ; biological features ; use ; local ; national and global efforts ; policy ; gene donors ; pre-breeding ; breeding ; cross-sectoral collaboration ; crop wild relatives (CWR) ; drylands ; Kitui county ; wild food plants ; Cyprus ; domestication ; microsatellites ; Vitis vinifera subsp. sativa ; Vitis vinifera subsp. Sylvestris ; Fraxinus spp. ; manna ; local varieties nSSR ; cpSSR ; cytometry ; morphological traits ; documentation ; agricultural biodiversity ; wheat ; genome-wide association studies ; association mapping ; stripe rust ; anti-inflammatory activity ; antioxidants ; catechin ; Erodium crassifolium ; underutilized species ; agro-biodiversity ; centres of origin ; geographic distribution ; phylogenetic diversity ; useful plants ; Vavilov centres ; plant breeding ; climate change adaptation ; developing countries ; Punica protopunica Balf. ; Punica granatum L. ; Punica genera ; Lythraceae ; nitrogen fixation ; symbiosis ; bean ; landrace ; PPB ; participatory breeding ; climate resilient ; Honduras ; banana ; desiccation tolerance ; Musa ; Papua New Guinea ; seed conservation ; seed storage behaviour ; crop diversity ; drought tolerance ; genetic approaches ; neglected and underutilized species ; plant genetic resources for food and agriculture ; access and benefit sharing ; multilateral system ; CGIAR ; nutrition data ; multi-sectoral collaboration ; payment for ecosystem services ; payment for environmental services ; agrobiodiversity conservation ; agricultural adaptation ; clonal crops ; collection management ; cryobiotechnology ; cryopreservation ; field collections ; field maintenance ; germplasm storage ; in vitro conservation ; recalcitrant seeds ; genetic erosion ; ex situ and in situ conservation ; diversification ; sustainability ; food and nutrition security ; crop genetic resources ; diagnostics ; germplasm ; crop breeding ; pathogen ; pest ; Plant Treaty ; phytosanitary regulations ; transboundary pests ; invasive species ; prevention ; quarantine ; seed ; seed health ; virus indexing ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book collects six papers published in the Agronomy Special Issue "New Advances on Nutrients Recovery from Agro-Industrial and Livestock Wastes for Sustainable Farming" that aim to furnish new information on nutrients recovery from organic wastes.
    Keywords: Capsicum annuun L. ; compost tea ; bio-stimulant ; plant nutrients ; biocontrol ; pathogens ; wastewater ; rice straw ; cow manure ; Eisenia fetida ; biological parameters ; vermicomposting ; waste management ; germination ; microbial community ; organic fertilization ; wheat ; potatoes ; legume-cereal mix ; corn ; yield ; organic waste ; manure ; nematode community ; 16S ; bacterial community ; biological treatments ; biomass ; nutrients recovery ; recycle ; waste treatment ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Crop contamination by mycotoxins is a global problem that poses significant economic burdens due to a number of factors, including the food/feed losses that are caused by reduced production rates; the resulting adverse effects on human and animal health and productivity; and the trade losses associated with the costs incurred by inspection, sampling, and analysis before and after shipments. In this scenario, the development of fit-for-purpose analytical methods for regulated and (re)-emerging mycotoxins continues to be a dynamic research area. Some of the current trends in this research area are presented in this book. The collected contributions address either the need for improved methods for mycotoxin detection addressed by new or incoming regulation (ergot alkaloids and Alternaria toxins) as well as methods for the detection of multiple mycotoxins. New approaches to enhance the performance of well-established methodologies, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fluorescence polarization immunoassays (FPIA), are also addressed.
    Keywords: FPIA ; mycotoxin ; OTA ; detection methods ; food safety ; monoclonal antibody (mAb) ; tracer ; HPLC ; trichothecenes ; zearalenone ; Fusarium toxins ; wheat ; liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry ; official control ; collaborative study ; ergot alkaloids ; sum parameter method ; hydrazinolysis ; esterification ; swine feed ; dairy feed ; UHPLC-MS/MS ; aflatoxin B1 ; recombinant AflR gene ; VICAM ; I-ELISA ; peanut ; wheat flour ; milk powder ; LC-MS/MS method ; cereal products ; occurrence ; alternariol ; antibody ; ELISA ; hapten design ; immunoassay ; linker site ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) are groups of rhizosphere microorganisms capable of colonizing the root environment. Some of the microbes that inhabit this zone are bacteria and fungi that are capable of efficiently colonizing roots and rhizosphere soil. These microorganisms can be used as biofertilizers for improving agricultural production even under stressful environmental conditions. In contrast to PGPM, plant growth regulators (PGR) are chemical compounds that significantly affect the growth and differentiation of plant cells and tissues. They function as chemical messengers for intercellular communication and play a vital role in plant signaling networks as they are involved in the plant developmental process and a wide range of biotic and abiotic stress responses. The application of PGPM and plant growth regulators/hormones or the synthesis of PGR and signal transduction, perception, and cross-talk creates a complex network that plays an essential role in the regulation of plant physiological processes. A better understanding of the mechanism of action of PGPM and PGR and their roles in plant growth and development, interaction and independence in their action, and hormonal crosstalk under stresses is essential for agricultural production and research. Therefore, this book has contributions in the form of research and review papers from eminent scientists worldwide and discusses the role of PGPM and PGR in agriculture production and research, their potentials as biocontrol agents, their effects on physicochemical properties of soil, innovation for sustainable agriculture, their role in seed transplanting, and their role in mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses.
    Keywords: Paecilomyces ; PGPF ; tomato ; pepper ; plant probiotic microorganisms ; Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ; Solanum lycopersicum L. ; secondary metabolites ; plant insect interactions ; seaweed extract ; phytohormone profiling ; fertilizers ; antioxidant ; plant growth regulators ; brown seaweed ; green algae ; abiotic stresses ; cell membrane stability ; climate change ; osmolytes ; polyamines ; bacterial community composition ; liquid food waste materials (LFM) ; plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) ; plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits ; salinity ; PGPR ; wheat ; compatible solutes ; antioxidant enzymes ; Trichoderma ; plant growth promotion ; biostimulant ; aridity ; Bacillus sp. ; biochar ; nutrient availability ; organic matter ; soil health ; mVOCs ; Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ; Mentha piperita ; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03 ; salt stress ; MDA ; DPPH ; Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; Pseudomonas putida ; plant growth ; plant nutrients ; soil enzymes ; soil nutrients ; soybean ; sweet pepper ; Bacillus ; chitosan ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; fruit yield ; plant growth promoting microorganisms ; abiotic stress ; biotic stress ; flavonoids ; biotic and abiotic stress ; symbiosis ; signaling ; rhizobium ; AMF ; allelopathy ; biocontrol Aspergillus japonicus ; root-knot nematode ; fermentation filtrate ; biological control ; seed germination ; α-Tocopherol ; antioxidants ; drought ; nutrient dynamics ; tissue specific response ; deep N fertilization ; peroxidase activity ; catalase activity ; rice cultivation ; ABA biosynthesis ; drought stress ; gene expression ; signaling network ; transporters ; Zea mays L. ; environmental stresses ; endophytic bacteria ; plant growth promoting ability ; chromium ; Staphylococcus aureus ; oxidative stress ; available phosphorus ; enriched compost ; poultry litter ; rock phosphate ; pear trees ; PGR ; sustainable development ; crop nutrition ; fertiliser ; Timac Agro Italia ; allelopathic bacteria ; antimetabolites ; phytotoxic metabolites ; rhizobacteria ; weed invasion ; anthocyanins ; color ; fruit size ; phenolics ; Punica granatum ; PGPMs (plant growth-promoting microorganisms) ; tee tree oil ; plant biostimulants ; soil-borne phytopathogens ; antagonistic fungi ; biocontrol ; biotic effect ; crop production ; RIDER ; drylands ; water conservation ; biomass reduction ; cereal crops ; growth regulators ; metal stress ; sugar beet ; nitrogen fertilizer ; gibberellic acid ; TSS ; sugar yield ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Environmental abiotic stresses, such as extreme temperatures, drought, excess light, salinity, and nutrient deficiency, have detrimental effects on plant growth, development, and yield. Plants are equipped with various adaptation mechanisms to cope with such unfavorable conditions. Our understanding of plants’ abiotic stress responses is crucial to maintaining efficient plant productivity. This book on the responses of plants to environmental stresses is an attempt to find answers to several basic questions related to their adaptation and protective mechanisms against abiotic stresses. The following chapters of the book describe examples of plants’ protective strategies, which cover physiological, cellular, biochemical, and genomic mechanisms. This book is aimed for use by advanced students and researchers in the area of stress biology, plant molecular biology and physiology, agriculture, biochemistry, as well as environmental sciences.
    Keywords: Heterogeneous water stress ; Phyllostachys edulis ; Rhizome ; Vascular bundle ; Stress Signal ; Physiological characteristics ; isoprene ; ocimene ; heat stress ; water stress ; ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich) ; transcriptome ; nitrogen deficiency ; resilience ; nitrogen-use efficiency ; eggplant ; heat shock factor ; gene family ; expression profile ; abiotic stress ; Malus. ‘Prairifire’ ; photosynthetic characteristics ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; 2-dimensional electrophoresis ; diurnal regulation ; OsGI ; rice ; U-box E3 ligase ; barley ; ABC gene family ; gene expression ; alarm photosynthesis ; Antarctic ; oxalate oxidase ; Elymus sibiricus, seed aging ; isobaric tandem mass tag labeling ; reactive oxygen species ; parallel reaction monitoring ; Dendrobium catenatum ; superoxide dismutase (SOD) ; stresses ; antioxidative enzyme activity ; low pH ; proline ; protein ; wheat ; WRKY transcription factor ; gene structural characteristics ; regulatory mechanism ; drought ; salinity ; heat ; cold ; ultraviolet radiation ; rainfed ; irrigated ; Gossypium hirsutum ; antioxidant activity ; growth inhibition ; ion homeostasis ; salt stress ; rhizoboxes ; gaseous exchange ; sub-Saharan Africa ; root length density
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The protection and maintenance of environmental resources for future generations require responsible interaction between humans and the environment in order to avoid wasting natural resources. According to an ancient Native American proverb, “We do not inherit the Earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children.” This indigenous wisdom has the potential to play a significant role in defining environmental sustainability. Recent technological advances could sustain humankind and allow for comfortable living. However, not all of these advancements have the potential to protect the environment for future generations. Developing societies and maintaining the sustainability of the ecosystem require appropriate wisdom, technology, and management collaboration. This book is a collection of 19 important articles (15 research articles, 3 review papers, and 1 editorial) that were published in the Special Issue of the journal Sustainability entitled “Appropriate Wisdom, Technology, and Management toward Environmental Sustainability for Development” during 2021-2022.addresses the policymakers and decision-makers who are willing to develop societies that practice environmental sustainability, by collecting the most recent contributions on the appropriate wisdom, technology, and management regarding the different aspects of a community that can retain environmental sustainability.
    Keywords: metals ; arsenic ; pollution ; Mexico ; developing countries ; landfill ; urban solid waste ; disposal ; waste management ; sustainable development goals ; ethnobotany ; human health ; poverty ; traditional knowledge ; sustainable agriculture ; wheat ; seed rate ; yield effect ; dose–response ; seed recycling ; cost–benefit analysis ; blockchain ; SDGs ; innovation ; COVID-19 ; green recovery ; scorecard ; construction sector ; economy ; intersectoral linkages ; VECM ; forecasting ; sustainable development ; eco-friendly sound-absorbing material ; corrugated cardboard ; perforated corrugated cardboard ; sound-absorption coefficient ; sound transmission loss ; transfer function method ; transfer matrix method ; multi-frequency resonator ; self-compacting concrete ; crumb rubber ; strength ; silica fume ; response surface methodology ; biodiesel ; engine performance ; emissions ; natural feedstocks ; production method ; ethical marketing ; extended marketing mix ; consumer brand relationships ; brand loyalty ; sustainability ; rice husk ; power plants ; CO2 ; emission reductions ; Clean Development Mechanism ; rural clean heating project ; rural Gansu ; potential solutions ; benchmarking ; fisheries ; aquaculture ; food security ; Bangladesh ; humanitarian logistics ; pandemic ; economic reactivation ; spatial modelling ; sustainable construction ; construction waste reduction ; modelling of waste (reduce, reuse and recycle) ; PLS-SEM ; industry 4.0 ; circular economy ; environmental regulations ; manufacturing supply chains ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; groundwater level ; groundwater resource ; groundwater management models ; groundwater monitoring system ; wireless sensor network ; MENA Islamic cities ; urban management ; sustainable built environment ; supplier selection ; product life cycle cost ; geometric mean weighting ; penalty weighting ; multiobjective linear programming ; revised multichoice goal programming ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue on ‘Advances in Cereal Crops Breeding’ comprises 10 papers covering a wide range of subjects, including the expression-level investigation of genes in terms of salinity stress adaptations and their relationships with proteomics in rice, the use of genetic analysis to assess the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) in promising hybrids of maize, the use of DNA markers based on PCR in rice, the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in wheat and simple sequence repeats (SSR) in rice, the use of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in cereals, and Nanopore direct RNA sequencing of related with LTR RNA retrotransposon in triticale prior to the genomic selection of heterotic maize hybrids.
    Keywords: maize ; density tolerance ; combining ability ; gene effects ; genetic diversity ; rice ; salinity ; submergence tolerance ; blast ; SSR markers ; PCR analysis ; long non-coding RNAs ; seed development ; Nanopore sequencing ; retrotransposons ; triticale ; prediction accuracy ; mixed linear and Bayesian models ; machine learning algorithms ; training set size and composition ; parametric and nonparametric models ; drought stress ; dendrogram ; barley ; breeding ; marker-assisted selection ; genes ; genetic resources ; genome editing ; health benefits ; metabolomics ; oat ; QTL ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum L. ; QMrl-7B ; root traits ; grain yield ; nitrogen use efficiency ; GWAS ; salinity tolerance ; Vietnamese landraces ; abiotic stress ; root ; auxin ; YUCCA ; PIN ; proteomics ; mass spectrometry ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Herbaceous field crops include several hundred plant species worldly widespread for different end-uses, from food to no-food applications. Among them are included cereals, grain legumes, sugar beet, potato, cotton, tobacco, sunflower, safflower, rape, flax, soybean, alfalfa, clover spp. and other fodder crops, but only 15–20 species play a relevant role for the worldly global economy. Nowadays, to meet the food demand of the ever-increasing world population in a scenario of decreased arable lands, the development of holistic agricultural management approaches to boost contemporaneously yield and quality of herbaceous field crops is essential. Accordingly, this book represents an up-to-date collection of the current understanding of the impact of several agricultural management factors (i.e., genetic selection, planting density and arrangement, fertilization, irrigation, weed control and harvest time) on the yield and qualitative performances of 11 field crops (wheat, cardoon, potato, clary sage, basil, sugarcane, canola, cotton, tomato, lettuce and hemp). On the whole, the topics covered in this book will ensure students and academic readers, such as plant physiologists, environmental scientists, biotechnologists, botanists, soil chemists and agronomists, to get the information about the recent research advances on the eco-sustainable management cultivation of herbaceous field crops, with a particular focus on varietal development, soil nutrient and water management, weed control, etc.
    Keywords: planting density ; fertilization ; the central composite design ; fiber yield ; analog optimization ; potato ; nitrogen fertilization ; environmental sustainability ; cost-effective ; nitrogen use efficiency ; tuber yield ; EONFR ; growth ; specific leaf nitrogen ; critical nitrogen uptake ; cotton ; dry matter yield ; root growth ; root physiology ; water productivity ; nitrogen productivity ; drip irrigation quota ; lint yield ; biomass ; leaf chlorophyll fluorescence ; leaf gas exchange ; leaf structure ; drought tolerance ; dry weight yield ; essential oil content ; leaf area index ; Ocimum basilicum ; potassium ; fertilizer ; biomass accumulation ; fiber quality ; organic farming system ; yield ; pH ; soluble solid content ; Bostwick viscosity ; phosphorus sensitivity ; phosphorus ; reproductive organ biomass ; nutrients accumulation ; plant density ; nitrogen fertilization rate ; photosynthesis rate ; SPAD readings ; nitrogen efficiency indices ; tuber nutritional composition ; cereal crops ; plant water extracts ; bioherbicides ; weed management ; allelopathy ; dual purpose canola ; nitrogen fertilizer ; oil content ; grazing ; sustainable agriculture ; integrated weed management ; yield losses ; preventive weed control ; mechanical weed control ; physical weed control ; biological weed control ; herbicides ; hybrids ; wheat ; weeds ; competition ; genetic gain ; genomic selection ; quantitative genetics ; sugarcane breeding ; pit plantation ; planting patterns ; ratoon crop ; sowing techniques ; sugarcane yield ; quality ; seasonal variation ; fatty acids ; free sugars ; chemical composition ; Cynara cardunculus L. ; cardoon ; organic acids ; clary sage ; essential oil ; aromatic plant species ; biometric and agronomic characteristics ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; organic farming ; calcareous soils ; crop physiology ; sustainability ; diatomaceous earth ; monosilicic acid ; Si application method ; soil water conditions ; wheat cultivar ; tocopherols ; lipidic fraction ; companion plants ; N-fertilization ; partial land equivalent ratio (PLER) ; weed control ; grain quality ; productivity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The world population is expected to reach almost 10,000 million in 2050, so, it is necessary to use our resources efficiently: to produce more food using less land and pollute less, to optimize the production and use of biomass from diversified resources. For this, new approaches and processes, with special emphasis from a biotechnological perspective, may need to be implemented to move towards a circular model that will confer environmental sustainability. In this book, the analysis and optimization of some examples of food and bioproduct processes, as well as development of innovative and emerging food and byproducts processing methods, are considered. Valorization, bioprocessing, and biorefining of food-industry-based streams, the role of industrial microorganisms, the isolation of high added-value compounds, applications of the resulting bio-based chemicals in food manufacturing, novel food formulations, among others, are addressed.
    Keywords: vinegar ; wine ; acetification ; bioprocesses ; experimental design ; polynomial modelling ; black-box models ; eggplant ; anthocyanins ; natural colorants ; bioactivity ; wheat ; germ ; wheat byproducts ; agglutinin ; WGA ; toxicity ; glycosylation ; N-Acetylglucosamine ; GlcNAc ; carbohydrate ; bioreactor systems ; optimization ; kombucha tea ; microbial diversity ; bacterial cellulose ; Komagataeibacter xylinus ; repetitive elements sequence-based rep-PCR ; typing ; basil ; design of experiments ; valorization strategies ; chicken breast fillets ; color ; cooking loss ; cooking temperature ; cooking time ; microbiological safety ; shear force ; sous vide cooking ; TBARS ; sourdough ; yeasts ; lactic acid bacteria ; bioactive compounds ; exopolysaccharides ; antifungal activity ; pectinase immobilization ; nylon 6/6 carrier ; pectinolytic activity ; reusability ; stability ; lactic fermentation ; functional beverages ; volatile compounds ; antioxidant activity ; jackfruit ; jackfruit processing ; by-products ; extraction methods ; phenolic compounds ; pectin ; emerging technologies ; innovative technologies ; functional ingredients ; olive oil extraction ; microbial consortium ; phenols ; functional foods ; compostable bioplastics ; coatings ; contact angle ; grease resistance ; paper ; WVTR ; LED ; foams ; cellulose ; natural fibers ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; sparkling wine ; protein ; interact omics ; amino acid metabolism ; yeast ; GO terms ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 39
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Energies is open to submissions for a Special Issue on “Renewable Energy Production from Energy Crops and Agricultural Residues”. Biomass represents an important source of renewable and sustainable energy production. Its increasing consumption is mainly related to the increase in global energy demand and fossil fuel prices, but also to a lower environmental impact compared to non-renewable fuels. These factors take RED II directives into consideration. In the past, forestry interventions were the main supply source of biomass, but in recent decades two others sources have entered the international scene. These are dedicated energy crops and agricultural residues, which are important sources of biomass for biofuel and bioenergy. Below, we consider four main value chains: • Oil crops: Oil production from non-food oilseed crops (such as camelina, Crambe, safflower, castor, cuphea, cardoon, etc.), oil extraction, and oil utilization for fuel production. • Lignocellulosic crops: Biomass production from perennial grasses (miscanthus, giant reed, switchgrass, reed canary grass, etc.), woody crops (willow, poplar, Robinia, eucalyptus, etc.), and agricultural residues (pruning, maize cob, maize stalks, wheat chaff, sugar cane straw, etc.), considering two main transformation systems: 1. Electricity/heat production 2. Second-generation ethanol production • Carbohydrate crops (cereals, sweet sorghum, sugar beets, sugar cane, etc.) for ethanol production. • Fermentable crops (maize, barley, triticale, Sudan grass, sorghum, etc.) and agricultural residues (chaff, maize stalks and cob, fruit and vegetable waste, etc.) for production of biogas and/or biomethane.
    Keywords: bioenergy ; crop by-products ; harvesting methods ; maize cob ; wheat chaff ; combine harvesting ; olive groves ; pruning ; stationary chipper ; harvesting system ; hog fuel ; pruning supply chain ; populus ; biomass ; yield energy value ; lower heating value ; ash content ; sulphur ; circular bioeconomy ; oil crops ; agricultural residues ; thermophysical and chemical features ; wheat ; straw ; weed seed ; biocommodity ; threshing ; pruning harvesting ; biomass quality ; slope ; work productivity ; bioresource ; cereals ; commodity ; harvest index ; staple foods ; triticum ; Miscanthus x giganteus ; environmental impact ; agricultural production ; digestate ; eucalyptus ; woody biomass ; storage of fine wood chips ; moisture content ; calorific value ; dry matter loss ; Eucalyptus ; tree whole stem ; firewood logs ; storage system ; renewable energy ; harvesting ; suitable areas ; Central Italy ; Corine Land Cover ; short rotation coppice ; Salix ; genotype × site interaction ; nitrogen content ; sulphur content ; willow biomass ; soil organic carbon ; life cycle assessment ; spatial analysis ; greenhouse gas emissions ; energy return on investment ; lignocellulosic biomass ; hydrothermal pretreatment ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; sugar yield ; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis ; externalities ; economic analysis ; willow biomass production ; new varieties ; sustainable production ; renewable energy sources ; biofuels ; agriculture residues ; forecasting ; modelling ; Poland ; work performance ; harvesting loss ; fuelwood ; cable yarder ; CO2 emission ; pine plantations ; time study ; energy efficiency ; agroenvironmental mapping ; energy crop ; Jatropha curcas L. ; land suitability ; bio-based supply chains ; integrated biomass logistical center ; mixed integer programming model ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 40
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    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: This book was established after closing the special issue “Water and Ion Transport in Plants: New and Older Trends Meet Together” edited by Dr. Vadim Volkov, Professor Lars Wegner and Dr Mary Beilby as Guest Editors and Mr. Everett Zhu as Manager Editor. This book represents a small collection of bright papers related to water and ion transport in plants; these exceptionally wide topic cannot be covered within a single Book, so the aim was to recall the main concepts established for water and ion transport, to introduce new ideas, including controversial ones, and to link these ideas for generating directions of potential future research and progress. The goal was reached pointing to the main traditionally studied ion transport systems: ion channels, ion transporters, sodium and proton ATPases and macroscopic effects of their activity. Water transport in roots was shown in full complexity with its links to ion transport systems and aquaporins. Nonconventional use of silicon particles as addition to fertilizers is a subject of a paper within the collection. We hope that the Book will be a good reading with excellent examples of modern research; we are also assured that the Book will stimulate the future interest in water and ion transport in plants.
    Keywords: vacuole ; potassium ; homeostasis ; NHX ; auxin distribution ; PIN ; intracellular trafficking ; root pressure ; exudation ; xylem embolism ; mechanosensitive ion channels ; ion transporters ; aquaporins ; water transport ; silicon fertiliser ; wheat ; osmotic stress ; drought stress ; landraces ; genotypic variation ; Dunaliella ; cloning ; expression ; H+-ATPase ; microalgae ; Na+-ATPase ; qRT-PCR ; salt shock ; salt tolerance ; Suaeda altissima ; anion transporters ; chloride channel family ; CLC family ; halophytes ; molecular cloning ; SaCLCd ; SaCLCf ; SaCLCg ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 41
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The Special Issue presents information on the progress made in recent years in cereals’, legumes’, and oilseed grain products’ rheology and quality. This Special Issue capitalizes the experience of authors in grain processing for obtaining food products qualitatively improved based on the quality of raw materials used and applied technologies or intended for special nutrition, such as gluten-free one or with low sodium content. This Special Issue also presents some issues related to byproduct valorization through circular economy approaches obtained from the processing of different cereals and oilseeds grains and new methods for rapid assessment of bread quality.
    Keywords: KCl ; NaCl ; rheological properties ; multiple criteria optimization ; desirability functions ; brewer’s spent grain ; bioeconomy ; valuable compounds ; germination process ; legumes ; technological process ; bread quality ; bread ; water content ; Karl Fischer titration ; KFT kinetics ; principal component analysis ; hybrid wheat ; bread-making quality ; N fertilisation ; Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 ; nutritional effects ; gluten-free muffins ; quinoa flour ; particle size ; optimization ; residues ; sustainability ; oil cake ; bioactive compounds ; edible films ; wheat straws ; pretreatment ; hydrolysis ; fermentation ; bioethanol ; wheat ; triticale ; sourdough ; Mixolab ; buckwheat flour ; buckwheat sprouts ; buns ; quality and textural parameters ; sorghum seeds ; whole wheat flour ; Lactobacillus plantarum ; soy protein concentrate ; pea protein concentrate ; texture ; sensory ; craft beer ; gluten-free beer ; functional beer ; adjuvants ; malted cereals ; gluten-free flour ; gram ; plantain ; chickpea ; tiger nut ; pseudo-cereal ; oat ; millet ; teff ; rice ; soybean sprouts ; chitooligosaccharide ; phytochemicals ; antioxidant activity ; catalase ; peroxidase ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Cereal foods comprise a large variety of products that make up the main part of the diet of the world population. Despite decades of research to improve cereals and cereal food quality, worldwide research coordination is now required due to market needs, processing, and climate change. Cereals and cereal foods are an important source of energy (carbohydrates, proteins, and fat), and offer a range of non-nutrient bioactive components (i.e., vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and phytochemicals) that provide different grades of health benefits. The main challenges for the near future include the exploration, valorization, and improvement of genetic variation for nutrients and bioactive food components; the use and implementation of biotechnological, preprocessing, and processing strategies to improve content; and the evaluation of health properties for health claims.
    Keywords: coix seed ; Monascus purpureus ; antioxidant ; fermentation ; HEp2 ; buckwheat ; dehulling ; germination ; LC-MS ; free phenolic ; bound phenolic ; antioxidant activity ; sorghum ; phenolic compounds ; cell growth inhibition ; cell cycle analysis ; apoptosis ; HepG2 ; Caco-2 ; wheat ; nutrients ; celiac disease ; wheat allergy ; non-celiac wheat/gluten sensitivity ; durum wheat ; milling fractions ; air-classification plant ; micronization plant ; sorghum phenolics ; anti-inflammatory ; anti-proliferative ; anti-diabetic ; anti-atherogenic ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Triticum durum Desf. ; gluten ; breadmaking ; durum grains ; genetic variability ; heritability ; climate constraints ; yield performance ; air-classified fractions ; alveographic properties ; antioxidants ; starch ; ATI ; glutenins ; gluten strength ; grain protein content ; haplotypes ; SNPs ; milling methods ; dietary fiber ; phenolic acid ; steamed bread ; leavened pancake ; multiple linear regression (MLR) ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; milled rice ; enzymes ; air classification ; inorganic contaminants ; organic contaminants ; arsenic ; mycotoxins ; maize inbred lines ; nutritional value ; protein quality ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 43
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Increased consumer awareness of the effects of food in preventing nutrient-related diseases and maintaining physical and mental well-being has made nutritional improvement an important goal for the food and beverage industry, including the cereal sector. The Book “Qualitative and Nutritional Improvement of Cereal-Based Foods and Beverages” collects research articles aimed at exploring innovative ways to improve cereal-based foods and beverages; an old—if not ancient—group of products which are still on our table every day. The main directions of research aimed at nutritional improvement have to face either excess or deficiency in the diet. To this end, different strategies may be adopted, such as the reformulation of products, the introduction of functional ingredients, and the application of biotechnologies to increase the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. These interventions, however, can alter the physico-chemical and sensory properties of final products, making it necessary to achieve a balance between nutritional and quality modification. This book offers readers information on innovative ways to improve cereal-based foods and beverages, useful for researchers and for industry operators.
    Keywords: extruded products ; flaxseed ; amaranth ; dietary fiber ; extrusion-cooking ; fortified blended foods (FBFs) ; sensory ; food aid ; extrusion ; cereal ; legume ; infant ; child ; porridge ; sourdough ; fiber ; amino acids ; phenolic compounds ; phytic acid ; pulses ; re-milled semolina ; bread ; pizza ; focaccia ; rheological properties ; reofermentograph ; bioactive compounds ; texture ; sensory profile ; hemp ; chickpea ; milling by-products ; fortified pasta ; lactic acid bacteria ; nutritional value ; antioxidant capacity ; sensory properties ; functional foods ; pigmented wheat ; anthocyanins ; polyphenols ; alpha-amylase inhibition ; anti-inflammatory activity ; Moringa oleifera ; phenolic bioaccessibility ; starch digestion ; slowly digestible starch ; resistant starch ; Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum Desf. ; NaCl ; low-sodium sea salt ; Na+ reduction ; physico-chemical and textural attributes ; sensory evaluation ; inulin ; bakery products ; xanthan gum ; leavening agent ; coffee silverskin ; chemical characterization ; toxicological analysis ; extreme vertices mixture design ; product development ; cereal beverage ; fermentation ; functional ; non-alcoholic ; health benefits ; wholewheat flour ; stone milling ; roller milling ; dough rheology ; djulis ; food quality ; optimization ; Taguchi grey relational analysis ; texture profile analysis ; sensory attributes ; protein energy malnutrition ; insect ; sorghum ; wheat ; cereal-based ready-to-drink beverage ; convenient meal replacement (CMR) ; germinated wheat ; response surface methodology (RSM) ; gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) ; antioxidant properties ; almond skins ; by-product ; upcycling ; biscuits ; health claims ; nutritional composition ; Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) ; fortification ; consumer acceptability ; byproducts ; new quality ; insects ; pasta ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 44
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Ecological protection and high-quality development in the basin of the Yellow River, known as China’s “Mother River” and “the cradle of Chinese civilization”, have been receiving increasing attention because of the important role they play in China’s economic and social development, and its cultural heritage. Under ongoing climate change and intense human activities, the Yellow River basin is facing crucial challenges, e.g., flooding, water security, water resource shortage, water pollution, and ecological environment degradation, which seriously affects the sustainable development of the regional economy and society. Meanwhile, significant differences in key characteristics across the upper, middle, and lower reaches call for joint management efforts, including integrated management, water conservancy, and ecological environment restoration. This Special Issue focusses on the current state, challenges, and suggestions relating to Yellow River basin management and sustainable development under pressure, aiming to help improve ecological protection and achieve high-quality development. The following topics, including the management, restoration and protection of the Yellow River basin, and harmonious regulation of the human–water relationship were systematically studied.
    Keywords: Gini coefficient ; fairness principle ; double-level ; water-saving potential ; Weihe River basin ; Budyko framework ; runoff changes ; climate change ; underlying surface parameters ; human activities ; Yellow River ; cultivated land ; Object-Oriented Feature Extraction ; wheat ; corn ; water use level ; SBM-DEA model ; window-DEA model ; economic and social development ; matching degree ; yellow river basin ; water–energy–food ; harmony equilibrium ; harmonious regulation ; the Yellow River ; bank collapse ; sediment transportation ; numerical simulation ; curved channel ; cohesive ; cross-sectional shape ; asymmetry ; water and sediment factor ; transverse distribution ; wandering river channel ; Wuliangsuhai Lake ; ecological water demand ; ecological water supplement ; ecological function ; heavy metals ; sediment interstitial water ; sediment ; chemical fraction ; ecological risk ; water quality characteristics ; cause ; groundwater ; middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River ; water rights allocation ; coordinated development ; water–ecology–energy–food ; emergy method ; Yinchuan city ; return period ; Pearson-III distribution ; “7.20” rainstorm ; Yiluo River basin ; Xiaohua section ; soil erosion ; influencing factors ; RUSLE ; the optimal parameters-based geographical detector ; scale effects ; the Yellow River Basin ; Sanhe region ; early sites ; spatial and temporal distribution ; human-territorial relationship ; GIS ; high-quality development ; environmental regulation ; local government competition ; panel threshold regression model ; Yellow River basin ; the ancient Yellow River distributary ; early settlements ; aggregation characteristics ; Zhengzhou ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJC Business strategy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas
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  • 45
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Requests for regional soil moisture observations are increasing to parameterize complex hydrological models, to assess the impact of land-use changes, and to develop climate adaption strategies in the agricultural sector. Spatial land-use patterns have an impact on the soil water balance and groundwater recharge. Soil moisture is therefore a key parameter for the long-term monitoring and development of sustainable land-management and landscape design strategies that mitigate regional water scarcity and droughts. For example, the spatial organization of hedges or tree rows related to open land and wind direction avoids soil erosion, limits local evaporation, and increases local soil water storage. Since the early 1980s, satellite missions have been designed to monitor proxies for soil moisture, mainly at the national and global scale, with a relatively coarse pixel resolution and low accuracy. The local effects of weather and climate are very dynamic in space and time. Thus, a strong need exists for more accurate, regional-scale remote sensing products for soil moisture. The transfer of existing, proof-of-concept algorithms to region-specific monitoring frameworks is urgent. This Special Issue provides an overview of current developments on remote sensing-based soil moisture observations that are applicable at a regional scale. The compendium of research papers demonstrates the benefits of concurrently utilizing multi-source remote sensing data and in situ measurements through: - Using additional data and site-specific knowledge; - Combining empirical and physical approaches; - Developing concepts to deal with mixed pixels.
    Keywords: instrument development ; hyperspectral ; spectroradiometry ; LiDAR ; soil ; regional soil moisture ; in situ network ; AMSR2 ; FY3B ; evaluation ; EVI ; SST ; disaggregation ; soil moisture ; DISPATCH ; Intermediate spatial resolution ; SMAP ; geostationary ; validation ; SEVIRI ; thermal infrared ; land surface temperature ; downscaling ; advanced scatterometer (ASCAT) ; soil moisture active passive (SMAP) ; random forest ; low-cost sensor ; AMSR-E ; the microwave polarization difference index ; surface soil moisture ; regional scale ; vegetation traits ; multi-sensor approach ; wetland ; environmental monitoring ; remote sensing ; geostatistics ; gap-filling ; mesonet ; ESA CCI SM ; ASTER imagery ; soil moisture content ; thermal inertia model ; serial dual-source model ; surface component temperature ; shadow impact ; multi-model coupling ; optimal solution method ; ESA CCI ; residual soil moisture ; evapotranspiration ; trend ; rainfall variability ; CHIRPS ; theta probe ; Sentinel-1A ; NDVI ; modified Dubois model ; Sentinel-1/2 ; Landsat-8 ; GF-1 ; vegetation water content ; Oh ; Dubois ; IEM ; WCM ; SSRT ; SAR ; LAI ; wheat ; Sentinel-1 ; support vector machine ; ordinary least square regression ; time series ; Mongolia ; MODIS ; relative soil moisture ; Chinese Loess Plateau ; ATI ; TVDI ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 46
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Sustainable agricultural practices are needed to provide food security for a growing global population. Food production is usually associated with high nutrient inputs in the form of mineral fertilizers. Since the beginning of agriculture, such practices have led to soil degradation and the release of environmental contaminants. In this Special Issue, we will focus on innovations in organic and inorganic fertilizer production. We welcome studies concerning new approaches for smart fertilizer development, including bioformulations with mineral particles, nanomaterials, and plant growth promoting microorganisms. We especially encourage authors taking advantage of ecological interactions to improve plant nutrient-use efficiency. Moreover, we would like to include contributions that focus on organic amendments to increase or propitiate the terrestrial C sequestration and stabilization, in order to contribute to mitigating climate change at the same time increasing food security by soil fertility, thus making win–win–win scenarios. Such techniques may concern, but are not limited to, innovative organic waste recycling procedures and new applications of mycorrhizae, rhizobioms, or free living soil bacteria and fungi.
    Keywords: earthworms ; frass ; insect excreta ; insect farming ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; soil fauna ; soil fertility ; waste management ; seed germination ; jellyfish ; blue fertilizer ; soil restoration ; soil amendments ; water use efficiency ; phosphorus sources ; P solubilization ; P acidulation ; relative agronomic efficiency ; pond sediments ; organic fertilizer ; mineral fertilizer ; cucumber ; integrated fish-vegetable farming ; Mekong Delta ; Crotalaria spectabilis ; C. juncea ; 15N natural abundance ; 13C isotopic composition ; transpiration efficiency ; aluminum toxicity ; antioxidant ; barley ; lignin ; phenols ; silicon ; calcareous soil ; humic acid ; phosphorus uptake ; single superphosphate ; wheat ; animal feedstuff ; circular economy ; fertilizer ; greenhouse ; insect larva ; organic waste ; leafy vegetable ; mineral nutrients ; soil structure ; chlorophyll content ; cation exchange capacity ; nitrogen fertilizer ; nitrification inhibitor ; nitrogen leaching ; nitrogen use efficiency ; 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) ; biochar ; compost ; isotopic signature ; carbon mineralization ; plant growth ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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  • 47
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Plant viruses cause many of the most important diseases threatening crops worldwide. Over the last quarter of a century, an increasing number of plant viruses have emerged in various parts of the world, especially in the tropics and subtropics. As is generally observed for plant viruses, most of the emerging viruses are transmitted horizontally by biological vectors, mainly insects. Reverse genetics using infectious clones—available for many plant viruses—has been used for identification of viral determinants involved in virus–host and virus–vector interactions. Although many studies have identified a number of factors involved in disease development and transmission, the precise mechanisms are unknown for most of the virus–plant–vector combinations. In most cases, the diverse outcomes resulting from virus–virus interactions are poorly understood. Although significant advances have been made towards understand the mechanisms involved in plant resistance to viruses, we are far from being able to apply this knowledge to protect cultivated plants from the all viral threats.The aim of this Special Issue was to provide a platform for researchers interested in plant virology to share their recent results. To achieve this, we invited the plant virology community to submit research articles, short communications and reviews related to the various aspects of plant virology: ecology, virus–plant host interactions, virus–vector interactions, virus–virus interactions, and control strategies. This issue contains some of the best current research in plant virology.
    Keywords: whitefly ; begomovirus ; Vta1 ; virus transmission ; coat proteins ; membrane association ; topology ; cilevirus ; movement protein ; p29 capsid protein ; barley yellow dwarf virus ; BYDV ; wheat ; barley ; yield loss ; vectors ; aphids ; persistent virus ; Amalgaviridae ; synergism ; antagonism ; vsiRNAs ; miRNAs ; mixed-infections ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Cucumber mosaic virus ; genome-wide association studies ; plant–virus interaction ; seed transmission ; virulence ; callose ; coat protein ; plasmodesmata ; triple gene block ; viral suppressor ; virus movement ; virus replication complex ; TYLCD ; TYLCV ; tomato ; Solanum lycopersicum ; disease resistance ; plant breeding ; PAMP-triggered immunity ; effector-triggered immunity ; RNA silencing ; viral suppressors ; NIK1 ; PTI ; ETI ; geminiviruses ; host jumping ; viral evolution ; trade-off ; plant virus ; RNA virus ; potyvirus ; Plum pox virus ; VPg ; eIF4E ; high-throughput sequencing ; bioinformatics ; detection ; discovery ; MinION ; nanopore sequencing ; rolling circle amplification ; viral metagenomics ; CRESS DNA ; capulavirus ; homopolymer ; Begomovirus ; cucumber ; mechanical inoculation ; real-time PCR ; viral load ; QTLs ; resistance ; Geminiviridae ; sweepoviruses ; DNA satellites ; Deltasatellite ; helper virus range ; transreplication ; high-throughput sequencing (HTS) ; virus ; dsRNA ; total RNA ; OLV1 ; LRNV ; ToFBV ; ASGV ; host adaptation ; virus evolution ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The onset of flowering is an important step during the lifetime of a flowering plant. During the past two decades, there has been enormous progress in our understanding of how internal and external (environmental) cues control the transition to reproductive growth in plants. Many flowering time regulators have been identified from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Most of them are assembled in regulatory pathways, which converge to central integrators which trigger the transition of the vegetative into an inflorescence meristem. For crop cultivation, the time of flowering is of upmost importance, because it determines yield. Phenotypic variation for this trait is largely controlled by genes, which were often modified during domestication or crop improvement. Understanding the genetic basis of flowering time regulation offers new opportunities for selection in plant breeding and for genome editing and genetic modification of crop species.
    Keywords: QH426-470 ; QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; crop plants ; Phenological development ; Arabidopsis ; floral transition ; Prunus ; barley ; wheat ; rice ; Tomato ; BEET ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
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  • 49
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: In the last few years, an increasing number of individuals have adopted a gluten free diet (GFD). A significant proportion of that includes patients affected by celiac disease (CD), who have to follow a strict GFD for medical purposes. However, a high number of individuals are currently following a GFD without medical counseling and without a specific diagnosis needing a gluten withdrawal from the diet. This is due to the frequently incorrect information diffused on the Internet and mass media on the topic of GFD. For these reasons, research on the GFD and its clinical use and biological effects is urgently needed.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC620-627 ; gluten ; n/a ; mental health ; 33-mer ; gut motility ; gluten re-introduction ; teenagers ; gastric emptying ; islet of Langerhans ; children ; high-fat diet-induced obesity ; affective disorders ; FODMAP intake ; Brazilian CD-QoL ; DQ2.5-glia-?3 epitopes ; place of residence ; zinc ; glutenin ; quality of life (QoL) ; mood disorders ; magnesium ; dietary adherence ; coeliac disease ; food habit ; villous atrophy ; pepsin ; peptides derived from gluten in faeces and urine ; beta cell ; body mass index (BMI) ; oral food challenge ; gliadin ; ?-gliadin ; non-celiac gluten sensitivity ; celiac disease ; wheat ; outcome ; DQ2.5-glia-?1 ; DQ2.5-glia-?2 ; gut microbiota ; type 2 diabetes ; major depressive disorder ; micronutrient ; beta-cell stress ; non-coeliac gluten sensitivity ; screening ; gluten free diet ; gluten-related disorders ; threshold ; diary recommended intake ; wheat species ; non-coeliac wheat sensitivity ; body composition ; serology ; educational level ; mineral ; disease duration ; gastrointestinal symptoms ; gluten-free diet ; NOD mouse ; diagnosis ; osteoporosis ; nutrition ; cholecyst ; wheat allergy ; celiac disease (CD) ; quality of life ; microbiota ; questionnaire ; nutritionists ; structured questionnaires ; Pseudomonas ; intestinal permeability ; Celiac Disease ; economic status ; effectiveness ; type 1 diabetes ; cost ; calcium ; irritable bowel syndrome ; adherence ; non celiac gluten sensitivity ; deficiency ; gluten sensitivity ; iron ; low FODMAP diet ; depression ; clinic ; duodenal biopsies ; fortification ; mucosal recovery ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Agriculture requires technical solutions for increasing production while lessening environmental impact by reducing the application of agro-chemicals and increasing the use of environmentally friendly management practices. A benefit of this is the reduction of production costs. Sensor technologies produce tools to achieve the abovementioned goals. The explosive technological advances and developments in recent years have enormously facilitated the attainment of these objectives, removing many barriers for their implementation, including the reservations expressed by farmers. Precision agriculture and ‘smart farming’ are emerging areas where sensor-based technologies play an important role. Farmers, researchers, and technical manufacturers are joining their efforts to find efficient solutions, improvements in production, and reductions in costs. This book brings together recent research and developments concerning novel sensors and their applications in agriculture. Sensors in agriculture are based on the requirements of farmers, according to the farming operations that need to be addressed.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; optical sensor ; spectral analysis ; response surface sampling ; sensor evaluation ; electromagnetic induction ; multivariate water quality parameters ; mandarin orange ; crop inspection platform ; SPA-MLR ; object tracking ; feature selection ; simultaneous measurement ; diseases ; genetic algorithms ; processing of sensed data ; electrochemical sensors ; thermal image ; ECa-directed soil sampling ; handheld ; recognition patterns ; salt concentration ; clover-grass ; bovine embedded hardware ; weed control ; soil ; field crops ; vineyard ; connected dominating set ; water depth sensors ; SS-OCT ; wheat ; striped stem-borer ; silage ; geostatistics ; detection ; NIR hyperspectral imaging ; electronic nose ; machine learning ; virtual organizations of agents ; packing density ; data validation and calibration ; dataset ; Wi-SUN ; temperature sensors ; geoinformatics ; gas sensor ; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ; vegetable oil ; photograph-grid method ; Vitis vinifera ; WSN distribution algorithms ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; irrigation ; quality assessment ; energy efficiency ; wireless sensor network (WSN) ; geo-information ; Fusarium ; texture features ; weeds ; discrimination ; big data ; soil moisture sensors ; meat spoilage ; land cover ; stereo imaging ; near infrared sensors ; biological sensing ; compound sensor ; pest management ; moisture ; plant localization ; heavy metal contamination ; artificial neural networks ; spectral pre-processing ; moisture content ; apparent soil electrical conductivity ; data fusion ; semi-arid regions ; smart irrigation ; back propagation model ; wireless sensor network ; energy balance ; light-beam ; fluorescent measurement ; agriculture ; precision agriculture ; deep learning ; spectroscopy ; hulled barely ; dielectric probe ; RPAS ; water supply network ; rice leaves ; mobile app ; gradient boosted machines ; hyperspectral camera ; one-class ; nitrogen ; LiDAR ; total carbon ; chemometrics analysis ; rice ; agricultural land ; on-line vis-NIR measurement ; CARS ; obstacle detection ; stratification ; neural networks ; regression estimator ; Kinect ; proximity sensing ; distributed systems ; pest ; noninvasive detection ; texture feature ; soil mapping ; classification ; soil salinity ; visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy ; germination ; computer vision ; hyperspectral imaging ; diffusion ; dielectric dispersion ; UAS ; random forests ; case studies ; total nitrogen ; thermal imaging ; cameras ; dry matter composition ; near-infrared ; salt tolerance ; deep convolutional neural networks ; soil type classification ; water management ; preprocessing methods ; wireless sensor networks (WSN) ; remote sensing image classification ; precision plant protection ; radar ; spatial variability ; GF-1 satellite ; plant disease ; naked barley ; leaf area index ; CIE-Lab ; change of support ; radiative transfer model ; 3D reconstruction ; plant phenotyping ; vine ; near infrared ; vegetation indices ; remote sensing ; greenhouse ; time-series data ; scattering ; sensor ; crop area ; speckle ; spatial data ; grapevine breeding ; wide field view ; partial least squares-discriminant analysis ; spiking ; area frame sampling ; chromium content ; machine-learning ; RGB-D sensor ; pest scouting ; PLS ; Capsicum annuum ; spatial-temporal model ; drying temperature ; boron tolerance ; ambient intelligence ; laser wavelength ; fuzzy logic ; dynamic weight ; landslide ; management zones ; real-time processing ; event detection ; crop monitoring ; apple shelf-life ; rice field monitoring ; wireless sensor ; birth sensor ; proximal sensor ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue features recent data concerning thioredoxins and glutaredoxins from various biological systems, including bacteria, mammals, and plants. Four of the sixteen articles are review papers that deal with the regulation of development of the effect of hydrogen peroxide and the interactions between oxidants and reductants, the description of methionine sulfoxide reductases, detoxification enzymes that require thioredoxin or glutaredoxin, and the response of plants to cold stress, respectively. This is followed by eleven research articles that focus on a reductant of thioredoxin in bacteria, a thioredoxin reductase, and a variety of plant and bacterial thioredoxins, including the m, f, o, and h isoforms and their targets. Various parameters are studied, including genetic, structural, and physiological properties of these systems. The redox regulation of monodehydroascorbate reductase, aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, and cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase could have very important consequences in plant metabolism. Also, the properties of the mitochondrial o-type thioredoxins and their unexpected capacity to bind iron–sulfur center (ISC) structures open new developments concerning the redox mitochondrial function and possibly ISC assembly in mitochondria. The final paper discusses interesting biotechnological applications of thioredoxin for breadmaking.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; regeneration ; posttranslational modification ; H2O2 ; chilling stress ; thioredoxin reductase ; X-ray crystallography ; photosynthesis ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; protein ; monodehydroascorbate reductase ; methionine sulfoxide ; cysteine reactivity ; symbiosis ; plant ; MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry ; thioredoxins ; redox homeostasis ; methionine sulfoxide reductases ; redox ; redox signalling ; chloroplast ; protein-protein recognition ; cyanobacteria ; specificity ; wheat ; methanoarchaea ; stress ; redox regulation ; dough rheology ; methionine sulfoxide reductase ; electrostatic surface ; Calvin cycle ; ALAD ; metazoan ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; baking ; cold temperature ; macromolecular crystallography ; protein oxidation ; function ; methionine oxidation ; development ; iron–sulfur cluster ; tetrapyrrole biosynthesis ; legume plant ; glutathionylation ; Calvin-Benson cycle ; adult stem cells ; carbon fixation ; plastidial ; methionine ; redox active site ; ROS ; water stress ; NADPH ; repair ; physiological function ; signaling ; thioredoxin ; antioxidants ; glutathione ; glutaredoxin ; flavin ; Isocitrate dehydrogenase ; thiol redox network ; ageing ; disulfide ; mitochondria ; chlorophyll ; proteomic ; cysteine alkylation ; ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase ; SAXS ; regulation ; oxidized protein repair ; ascorbate ; redox control ; nitrosylation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Integrative omics of plants in response to stress conditions play more crucial roles in the post-genomic era. High-quality genomic data provide more deeper understanding of how plants to survive under environmental stresses. This book is focused on concluding the recent progress in the Protein and Proteome Atlas in plants under different stresses. It covers various aspects of plant protein ranging from agricultural proteomics, structure and function of proteins, and approaches for protein identification and quantification.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; phosphoproteomics ; GLU1 ; somatic embryogenesis ; CHA-SQ-1 ; nitrogen fertilizer ; chilling stress ; differentially abundant proteins ; ATP synthase ; photosynthetic parameters ; photosynthesis ; constitutive splicing ; phosphorylation ; Jatropha curcas ; plants under stress ; postharvest freshness ; Alternanthera philoxeroides ; rubber latex ; Millettia pinnata ; molecular and biochemical basis ; filling kernel ; drought stress ; comparative proteomic analysis ; domain ; micro-exons ; phylogeny ; phos-tagTM ; E. angustifolia ; root cell elongation ; ABA ; pollen abortion ; lncRNA ; transcriptome ; radish ; redox homeostasis ; Nelumbo nucifera ; sugar beet ; shotgun proteomics ; proteomes ; high-temperature stress ; post-genomics era ; model plant ; salt tolerance ; miRNA ; wheat ; physiological response ; stress ; visual proteome map ; transcriptional dynamics ; leaf ; maize ; Dunaliella salina ; phosphatidylinositol ; S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase ; Gossypium hirsutum ; flavonoid biosynthesis ; phosphatase ; wood vinegar ; heat shock proteins ; silicate limitation ; purine metabolism ; natural rubber biosynthesis ; ancient genes ; cotton ; rubber grass ; abiotic stress ; heat stress ; maturation ; low-temperature stress ; molecular basis ; transcriptome sequencing ; ROS scavenging ; widely targeted metabolomics ; transdifferentiation ; seed development ; alternative splicing ; cultivars ; inositol ; salt stress ; chlorophyll fluorescence parameters ; proteome ; carbon fixation ; AGPase ; transcript-metabolite network ; molecular mechanisms ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Zea mays L. ; ROS ; label-free quantification ; woody oilseed plants ; heat-sensitive spinach variety ; MIPS ; quantitative proteomics ; regulated mechanism ; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ; potassium ; glutathione ; Salinity stress ; integrated omics ; diatom ; ATP synthase CF1 alpha subunit (chloroplast) ; root ; proteome atlas ; brittle-2 ; mass spectrometry ; genomics ; Taraxacum kok-saghyz ; cytomorphology ; proteomics ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; signaling pathway ; proteomic ; loss-of-function mutant ; rice ; seedling ; wucai ; leaf sheath ; root and shoot ; antioxidant enzyme ; exon-intron structure diversity ; isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation ; regulation and metabolism ; concerted network ; drought ; heat response ; VIGS ; iTRAQ ; nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) ; stem ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book provides a review of precision agriculture technology development, followed by a presentation of the state-of-the-art and future requirements of precision agriculture technology. It presents different styles of precision agriculture technologies suitable for large scale mechanized farming; highly automated community-based mechanized production; and fully mechanized farming practices commonly seen in emerging economic regions. The book emphasizes the introduction of core technical features of sensing, data processing and interpretation technologies, crop modeling and production control theory, intelligent machinery and field robots for precision agriculture production.
    Keywords: Crop Science ; ENVIRO ; AGRICULTURE ; SCI-TECH ; ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCE ; STM ; application ; canopy ; fertilization ; fertilizer ; monitor ; reflectance ; variable-rate ; wheat ; winter ; yield ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGW Geographical information systems, geodata and remote sensing
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Fertilizer Application on Crop Yield that was published in Agronomy
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; organic N ; ammonia ; NPK amendments ; corn–soybean rotation ; soil acidity ; phosphorous ; maize yield response to K ; biofertilizer ; agroforestry system ; Copper ; organic farming ; soil nitrogen pools ; net returns ; mineral N ; grain quality ; fertilizer management ; nutrient expert for maize ; sustainability ; organic nutrients ; conservation agriculture ; agronomic response ; S fertilization ; global food demand ; Zea mays L. ; N fertilizer ; nitrogen recovery efficiency ; Bacillus pumilus ; Orychophragmus violaceus L. ; soil erosion ; soil health ; saline tract ; soil K supply ; soil N mineralization ; soil biota ; potassium ; production system ; nitrate reductase activity ; site-specific K management ; Value Cost Ratio ; durum wheat ; conventional farming ; nitrate ; soil organic matter ; grain yield ; integrated nutrient management ; K use efficiency ; rice-wheat system ; forage legume ; nitrogen physiological recovery ; NADH ; chemical fertilizers ; evergreen agriculture ; green manure ; N fertilization ; yield ; NADH-dehydrogenase ; wheat ; site-specific nutrient management ; hybrid rice ; NUE ; balanced use of fertilizers ; growth promotion ; calcium ; humid Mediterranean climate ; Complex I ; rice ; maize ; Zinc ; potentially mineralizable N ; Agrotain® urea ; economics ; nitrate assimilation ; management ; nitrogen uptake ; wheat yields ; nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) ; soil N supply ; maize crop manager ; long-term productivity ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: International trade is highly affected by mycotoxin contaminations, which result in an annual 5% to 10% loss of global crop production. In the last decade, the mycotoxin scenario has been complicated by the progressive understanding—alongside emerging mycotoxins—of the parallel presence of modified (masked and conjugated) forms, in addition to the previously free known ones. The present Toxins Special Issue presents original research papers and reviews that deal with the fates of all these forms of mycotoxins with respect to aspects that cover traditional and industrial food processing, yearly grain campaign peculiar conditions and management, novel analytical solutions, consumer exposure, and biomarker-assessment directions. It gives a taste of an exciting scientific field that has several implications for our daily life because (i) it covers our diet practically and from every point of view, (ii) it intersects with our culinary uses and customs, but also industrial production processes, and (iii) it involves a careful evaluation of costs and benefits and a constant and continuous improvement of mycotoxin mitigation strategies.
    Keywords: mycotoxin ; milling ; bran ; semolina ; cooking ; dietary exposure ; aflatoxins ; alkaline ; hydrolyzed fumonisins ; fumonisins ; food processing ; maize ; masa ; matrix-associated mycotoxins ; modified mycotoxins ; tortillas ; mycotoxins ; trichothecenes ; thermal degradation ; decontamination ; mass spectrometry ; detoxification ; design of experiment ; LC-MS/MS ; Ochratoxin A ; 2′R-ochratoxin A ; 14(R)-ochratoxin A ; coffee ; degradation ; processing ; roasting ; masked mycotoxins ; emerging mycotoxins ; Fusarium ; Serbia ; fluorescence polarization immunoassay ; T-2 toxin ; HT-2 toxin ; T-2 glucoside ; HT-2 glucoside ; wheat ; validation study ; screening method ; deoxynivalenol ; children ; adolescents ; pregnant women ; vegetarians ; biomonitoring ; acrylamide ; multiple mitigation strategies ; design of experiments ; bakery food processing ; biscuits ; Fusarium toxins ; beer ; malt ; risk assessment ; deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside ; conversion ; Chinese steamed bread ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Contamination of foods and agricultural commodities by various types of toxigenic fungi is a concerning issue for human and animal health. Moulds naturally present in foods can produce mycotoxins and contaminate foodstuffs under favourable conditions of temperature, relative humidity, pH, and nutrient availability. Mycotoxins are, in general, stable molecules that are difficult to remove from foods once they have been produced. Therefore, the prevention of mycotoxin contamination is one of the main goals of the agriculture and food industries. Chemical control or decontamination techniques may be quite efficient; however, the more sustainable and restricted use of fungicides, the lack of efficiency in some foods, and the consumer demand for chemical-residue-free foods require new approaches to control this hazard. Therefore, food safety demands continued research efforts for exploring new strategies to reduce mycotoxin contamination. This Special Issue contains original contributions and reviews that advance the knowledge about the most current promising approaches to minimize mycotoxin contamination, including biological control agents, phytochemical antifungal compounds, enzyme detoxification, and the use of novel technologies.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RA1190-1270 ; n/a ; decontamination ; superheated steam ; quercetin glycosides ; antagonism ; mode of action ; corn ; Botrytis sp. ; AITC ; binding ; degradation ; brine shrimp bioassay ; apple pomace ; nanoparticles ; enzymatic detoxification ; Bacillus ; estrogen response element ; Fusarium ; biological detoxification ; abiotic factors ; stability ; fumonisin esterase FumD ; mycotoxigenic fungi ; Aspergillus flavus ; Aflatoxin M1 ; Fusarium graminearum ; milk ; Penicillium digitatum ; biocontrol agents ; biological control ; dry-cured ham ; mycotoxin reduction ; Fusarium sp. ; enzyme kinetics ; Penicillium nordicum ; Satureja montana ; roasted coffee ; fermentation ; crisp biscuit ; detoxification ; essential oils ; gene expression ; probiotics ; zearalenone ; mycotoxins ; degradation products ; Geothrichum citri-aurantii ; garlic-derived extracts ; Zearalenone ; biodegradation ; EU limits ; storage ; Origanum virens ; aflatoxin ; fungal growth reduction ; green chemistry ; Penicillium italicum ; deoxynivalenol ; ?-Fe2O3 ; ochratoxin A (OTA) ; wheat ; cell-free extracts of Aspergillus oryzae ; photocatalysis ; wheat quality ; post-harvest phytopathogen ; cold plasma ; pinnatifidanoside D ; ochratoxin A ; oats ; cell proliferation ; estrogen receptor ; Penicillium verrucosum ; pig production performance ; phloridzin ; maize ; biotransformation ; fumonisin ; fungi ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: In recent years, heavy metals have been widely used in agricultural, chemical, domestic, and technological applications, causing environmental and soil contaminations. Heavy metals enter the plant system through soil or via the atmosphere, and can accumulate, affecting physiological processes, plant growth, yield, and human health if heavy metals are stored in edible tissues. Understanding the regulation mechanisms of plant heavy metals accumulation and partitioning is important to improve the safety of the food chain. In this Special Issue book, a total of 19 articles were included; four reviews covering phytoremediation, manganese phytotoxicity in plants, the effect of cadmium on plant development, the genetic characteristics of Cd accumulation, and the research status of genes and QTLs in rice, respectively, as well as fifteen original research articles, mainly regarding the impact of cadmium on plants. Cadmium was therefore the predominant topic of this Special Issue, increasing the attention of the research community on the negative impacts determined by cadmium or cadmium associated with other heavy metals. The articles have highlighted a great genetic variability, suggesting different possibilities for accumulation, translocation and the reduction or control of heavy metal toxicity in plants.
    Keywords: cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ; transcriptome ; Cd stress ; GhHMAD5 ; overexpression ; VIGS (virus induced gene silence) ; cadmium ; glycinebetaine ; photosynthesis ; ultrastructure ; tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) ; Cadmium ; hyperaccumulator ; Viola baoshanensis ; detoxification ; Cd ; PtoABCG36 ; tolerance ; poplar ; accumulation ; efflux ; phytoremediation ; heavy metals ; hyperaccumulation ; plant genotype improvement ; soil management ; cadmium accumulation ; absorption and transport ; QTL location ; mapping population ; rice (Oryza sativa L.) ; selenium ; cadmium stress ; auxin ; root architecture ; phosphate transporter ; Nicotiana tabacum ; oxidative stress ; cell cycle ; cell wall ; germination ; reproduction ; plant growth and development ; antioxidative system ; Brassicaceae family ; mitogen-activated protein kinases ; Ulva compressa ; antioxidant ; metal chelator ; in vivo chlorophyll a florescence ; physiology ; mitogen activated protein kinases ; metal accumulation ; DNA methylation ; ABCC transporters ; HMA2 ; wheat ; metal stress tolerance ; manganese toxicity ; Mn detoxification ; tolerance mechanism ; gene function ; subcellular compartment ; lead ; nicotianamine ; mugineic acid ; heavy metal ; toxic metal ; durum wheat ; Arabidopsis ; small heat shock protein ; OsMSR3 ; copper stress ; reactive oxygen species ; copper and zinc ; expression in bacteria ; metallothioneins ; marine alga ; Brassica campestris L. ; glutathione synthetase ; glutathione S-transferase ; alternative splicing ; Italian ryegrass root ; LmAUX1 ; hormesis ; growth ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Crop models and remote sensing techniques have been combined and applied in agriculture and crop estimation on local and regional scales, or worldwide, based on the simultaneous development of crop models and remote sensing. The literature shows that many new remote sensing sensors and valuable methods have been developed for the retrieval of canopy state variables and soil properties from remote sensing data for assimilating the retrieved variables into crop models. At the same time, remote sensing has been used in a staggering number of applications for agriculture. This book sets the context for remote sensing and modelling for agricultural systems as a mean to minimize the environmental impact, while increasing production and productivity. The eighteen papers published in this Special Issue, although not representative of all the work carried out in the field of Remote Sensing for agriculture and crop modeling,
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; nitrogen nutrition index ; n/a ; soil organic carbon ; yield estimation ; hyperspectral sensor ; crop modeling ; crop residue management ; land use change ; flat-fan atomizer ; vegetation index ; septoria tritici blotch ; crop simulation model ; temporal variability ; spectral-weight variations in fused images ; plant ; EPIC model ; large cardamom ; crop inventory ; proximal sensing ; sorghum biomass ; soil ; UAV ; Integrated Administration and Control System ; canopy temperature depression ; fractional cover ; Cropsim-CERES Wheat ; hyperspectral data ; yield ; wheat ; precision farming ; SPAD ; AquaCrop ; prediction modeling ; spectral simulation ; leaf nitrogen concentration ; machine learning ; crop production ; protein content ; Á Trous algorithm ; spatial variability ; variable rate technology ; crop type mapping ; Tarim Basin ; leaf area index ; management zone ; irrigation ; multi-spectral ; agricultural land-cover ; crop modelling ; dynamic model ; satellite images ; climate change ; control variables ; generalized model ; Sentinel-2 satellite imagery ; vegetation indices ; vegetable monitoring ; Sentinel-2 ; remote sensing ; cultivars ; crop growth model ; yield monitoring ; big data technology ; conservation agriculture ; GIS ; fAPAR ; droplet drift ; simulation analysis ; durum wheat ; hydroponic ; grain yield ; Leaf Area Index ; NDVI ; precision agriculture ; relative frequencies ; soil stoichiometry ; habitat assessment ; data assimilation ; satellite ; species modelling ; ?13C ; disease ; nitrogen ; yield mapping ; UAV chemical application ; RGB images ; decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT) ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Allohexaploid bread wheat and diploid barley are two of the most cultivated crops in the world. This book reports novel research and reviews concerning the use of modern technologies to understand the molecular bases for wheat and barley improvement. The contributions published in this book illustrate research advances in wheat and barley knowledge using modern molecular techniques. These molecular approaches cover genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and phenomic levels, together with new tools for gene identification and the development of novel molecular markers. Overall, the contributions for this book lead to a further understanding of regulatory systems in order to improve wheat and barley performance.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; biotechnology ; transgene ; Aegilops tauschii ; antioxidant enzymes ; aquaporin ; molecular marker ; Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) ; transgenic wheat ; purple acid phosphatase phytase ; genome editing ; genes ; resistance ; genome assembly ; germination ; protein two-dimensional electrophoresis ; 1 ; disease resistance ; Thinopyrum ; plant ; oligo probe ; optical mapping ; genetic biofortification ; breeding ; population structure ; marker-assisted selection ; crops ; hybrid necrosis ; PAPhy ; Triticeae ; wheat ; Barley ; genome stability ; CRISPR ; powdery mildew ; RNA editing ; bread wheat ; allohexaploid ; nucleus ; chromatin ; introgression ; favorable alleles ; genetic engineering ; Tunisian landraces ; barely ; Pm40 ; Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ; Transcriptional dynamics ; Lr42 ; Triticum durum ; histochemical analysis ; molecular mapping ; ribosomal DNA ; 12-oxophytodienoate reductase ; small segment translocation ; HIGS ; Powdery mildew ; abiotic stress ; phytase ; RNA-seq ; Bulked segregant analysis-RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq) ; grain ; DArTseq technology ; center of diversity ; mature grain phytase activity (MGPA) ; cereals ; Grain development ; hybrid ; homoeolog ; 3D-FISH ; jasmonates ; Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; genetic diversity ; ND-FISH ; durum wheat ; protease ; transpiration ; TdPIP2 ; cereal cyst nematodes ; mass spectrometry ; 6R ; Landrace ; marker-trait associations ; BAC ; chromosome ; barley ; freezing tolerance ; KASP markers ; Triticum aestivum ; rye ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: We are currently experiencing a climate crisis that is associated with extreme weather events worldwide. Some of its most noticeable effects are increases in temperatures, droughts, and desertification. These effects are already making whole regions unsuitable for agriculture. Therefore, we urgently need global measures to mitigate the effects of climate breakdown as well as crop alternatives that are more stress-resilient. These crop alternatives can come from breeding new varieties of well-established crops, such as wheat and barley. They can also come from promoting underutilized crop species that are naturally tolerant to some stresses, such as quinoa. Either way, we need to gather more knowledge on how plants respond to stresses related to climate breakdown, such as heat, water-deficit, flooding high salinity, nitrogen, and heavy metal stress. This Special Issue provides a timely collection of recent advances in the understanding of plant responses to these stresses. This information will definitely be useful to the design of new strategies to prevent the loss of more cultivable land and to reclaim the land that has already been declared unsuitable.
    Keywords: SB1-1110 ; QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; ZIP ; landraces ; orphan crop ; morphological characteristics ; De novo transcriptome ; lateral root ; abiotic stress ; heat stress ; transcriptome sequencing ; photosynthesis ; hyperaccumulation ; HSP70 ; photoprotection ; IREG ; photosystem I ; quinoa ; plant cell cultures ; water stress ; high temperatures ; tobacco BY-2 ; serpentine ; heat ; chaperons ; waterlogging ; water deficit ; photoinhibition ; selenium ; wheat ; Vigna vexillata ; mechanism ; grain protein content ; salinity ; nickel ; poaceae ; genome-wide association mapping ; nickel hyper-accumulation ; cell death ; mediterranean area ; ferroportin ; high salinity stress ; low nitrogen stress ; legume ; drought ; RNA-Seq ; histidine
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  • 61
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Advancements in high-throughput “Omics” techniques have revolutionized plant molecular biology research. Proteomics offers one of the best options for the functional analysis of translated regions of the genome, generating a wealth of detailed information regarding the intrinsic mechanisms of plant stress responses. Various proteomic approaches are being exploited extensively for elucidating master regulator proteins which play key roles in stress perception and signaling, and these approaches largely involve gel-based and gel-free techniques, including both label-based and label-free protein quantification. Furthermore, post-translational modifications, subcellular localization, and protein–protein interactions provide deeper insight into protein molecular function. Their diverse applications contribute to the revelation of new insights into plant molecular responses to various biotic and abiotic stressors.
    Keywords: SB1-1110 ; QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; 14-3-3 proteins ; n/a ; targeted two-dimensional electrophoresis ; somatic embryogenesis ; nitrogen metabolism ; subtilase ; Sporisorium scitamineum ; non-orthodox seed ; antioxidant activity ; sweet potato plants infected by SPFMV ; photosynthesis ; B. acuminata petals ; chlorophyll deficiency ; seed proteomics ; imbibition ; pollination ; Sarpo Mira ; qRT-PCR ; holm oak ; tuber phosphoproteome ; isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) ; Quercus ilex ; nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase ; lettuce ; ?-subunit ; protein phosphatase ; germination ; drought stress ; pyruvate biosynthesis ; weakening of carbon metabolism ; differential proteins ; heterotrimeric G protein ; organ ; LC-MS-based proteomics ; potato proteomics ; smut ; gel-free/label-free proteomics ; ? subunit ; shotgun proteomics ; 2D ; chloroplast ; proteome functional annotation ; Phalaenopsis ; Clematis terniflora DC. ; wheat ; Dn1-1 ; carbon metabolism ; physiological responses ; Zea mays ; phenylpropanoid biosynthesis ; ISR ; mass spectrometric analysis ; patatin ; leaf ; pea (Pisum sativum L.) ; maize ; ergosterol ; Camellia sinensis ; seed storage proteins ; silver nanoparticles ; elevated CO2 ; metacaspase ; SPV2 and SPVG ; SnRK1 ; MALDI-TOF/TOF ; (phospho)-proteomics ; leaf spot ; rice isogenic line ; wheat leaf rust ; pathway analysis ; phosphoproteome ; sugarcane ; senescence ; Oryza sativa L. ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; heat stress ; gene ontology ; innate immunity ; Pseudomonas syringae ; bolting ; chlorophylls ; shoot ; Simmondsia chinensis ; RT-qPCR ; stresses responses ; Solanum tuberosum ; seeds ; GC-TOF-MS ; sucrose ; proteome ; Puccinia recondita ; cultivar ; Zea mays L. ; secondary metabolism ; ROS ; Ricinus communis L. ; after-ripening ; cadmium ; Stagonospora nodorum ; virus induced gene silencing ; quantitative proteomics ; sweet potato plants non-infected by SPFMV ; affinity chromatography ; population variability ; GS3 ; fungal perception ; ammonium ; transcriptome profiling ; mass spectrometry analysis ; papain-like cysteine protease (PLCP) ; cold stress ; nitrate ; late blight disease ; early and late disease stages ; seed imbibition ; lesion mimic mutant ; protease ; proteome map ; seed dormancy ; petal ; 2-DE proteomics ; 2D DIGE ; root ; Phytophthora infestans ; differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) ; polyphenol oxidase ; degradome ; flavonoid ; 14-3-3 ; caspase-like ; proteomics ; RGG4 ; co-infection ; plasma membrane ; chlorotic mutation ; Medicago sativa ; RGG3 ; glycolysis ; barley ; 2-DE ; protein phosphorylation ; western blotting ; N utilization efficiency ; rice ; plant pathogenesis responses ; high temperature ; data-independent acquisition ; pattern recognition receptors ; vegetative storage proteins ; leaf cell wall proteome ; plant-derived smoke ; iTRAQ ; starch ; proteome profiling ; Morus
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Global crop production must substantially increase to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population. This is constrained by the availability of nutrients, water, and land. There is also an urgent need to reduce the negative environmental impacts of crop production. Collectively, these issues represent one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. Sustainable cropping systems based on ecological principles are the core of integrated approaches to solve this critical challenge. This special issue provides an international basis for revealing the underlying mechanisms of sustainable cropping systems to drive agronomic innovations. It includes review and original research articles that report novel scientific findings on improvement in cropping systems related to crop yields and their resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, resource use efficiency, environmental impact, sustainability, and ecosystem services.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; nutrient use efficiency ; organic fertilization ; system approach ; Helianthus annuus L. ; catch crop ; Texas High Plains ; forage yield and quality ; living mulch ; nutrient cycling ; quality ; leguminous cover crop ; conservation ; light ; sustainable crop production ; crop rotation ; WHCNS ; stemborer ; complexity ; perennial ; manure ; maize production ; SOC and STN stocks ; cover crops ; forage pea ; yield ; SDS-PAGE analysis ; vineyard system ; double cropping ; wheat ; partial returns ; soybean ; vetch ; nitrogen use efficiency ; enzyme activities ; agrobiodiversity ; gross margin ; residue C and N release ; systematic review ; maize ; protein crops ; no-tillage ; environmental quality ; fall grazing ; kura clover ; cover crop ; organization ; scenario analyses ; cropping system design ; irrigation ; sustainable yield index ; multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) ; Acidic soil ; Europe ; Zea mais L. ; shade ; up-scaling ; water ; conservation agriculture ; water use efficiency ; Triticum aestivum L. ; forage sorghum ; N use efficiency ; nutrient balance ; organic cropping system ; forage ; durum wheat ; cropping systems ; nitrate ; grain yield ; nitrogen nutrition ; conventionalization ; crop residue incorporation ; cereal rye ; green manure ; straw decomposition ; hierarchical patch dynamics ; N uptake ; farmer’s perception ; pearl millet ; nitrogen ; faba bean ; agroecology ; harvesting strategies ; rice ; gluten fractions ; weed suppression ; economics ; mineral N fertilization ; push-pull technology ; growth ; potato (Solanum tuberosum) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In a worldwide context of ever-growing competition for water and land, climate change, droughts and man-made water scarcity, and less-participatory water governance, agriculture faces the great challenge of producing enough food for a continually increasing population. In this line, this book provides a broad overview of innovation issues in the complex water–agriculture–food nexus, thus also relative to their interconnections and dependences. Issues refer to different spatial scales, from the field or the farm to the irrigation system or the river basin. Multidisciplinary approaches are used when analyzing the relationships between water, agriculture, and food security. The covered issues are quite diverse and include: innovation in crop evapotranspiration, crop coefficients and modeling; updates in research relative to crop water use and saving; irrigation scheduling and systems design; simulation models to support water and agricultural decisions; issues to cope with water scarcity and climate change; advances in water resource quality and sustainable uses; new tools for mapping and use of remote sensing information; and fostering a participative and inclusive governance of water for food security and population welfare. This book brings together a variety of contributions by leading international experts, professionals, and scholars in those diverse fields. It represents a major synthesis and state-of-the-art on various subjects, thus providing a valuable and updated resource for all researchers, professionals, policymakers, and post-graduate students interested in the complex world of the water–agriculture–food nexus.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; GE1-350 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; hysteresis loops ; irrigation systems design ; fuzzy cognitive maps ; Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) ; olive orchard ; Kcb from ground cover ; crop growth ; surface water pollution ; crop water use and evapotranspiration ; measures ; water–energy–food nexus ; water-agriculture-food nexus ; drought classes ; soil temperature ; pressures ; crop water requirements ; Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) ; validation ; latent heat flux ; log-linear modeling ; impact ; Row crops ; dried on the vine ; reform ; Tagus River Basin ; precise land levelling ; regulated deficit irrigation ; Transfer ; relative pressure exceedance ; irrigation district ; evaporation ; Irrigation ; perturbation ; aridity effects ; economic and environmental issues ; water users’ organization ; pressurized irrigation systems ; decision support systems (DSS) ; Pampa biome ; crop yield ; reference evapotranspiration ; DPSIR ; SIMDualKc model ; semi-arid region ; wheat ; calibration ; design of irrigation systems ; Density coefficient ; simulation models ; biomass ; crop transpiration ; groundwater ; direct forcing ; Spain ; satellite observations ; maize yield ; water and salt balance ; soil water balance ; spatial variability ; persistence ; supply–demand balance model ; sustained deficit irrigation ; leaf area index ; evapotranspiration ; eddy covariance ; dry drainage system ; droughts ; Participatory Irrigation Management ; Black soil ; surface irrigation modelling ; drip and basin irrigation ; remote sensing ; crop coefficient curves ; irrigation scheduling ; unsteady flow ; root growth ; North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) ; Sensitive Zones ; soil evaporation ; actual evapotranspiration ; agricultural intensification ; organizational analysis ; policies ; water and land management ; agriculture ; hydrant risk indicator ; evaporative fraction ; local advection ; Fiesta grapes ; Evapotranspiration ; Dual crop coefficients ; Vulnerable Zones ; salinity ; cut-off time ; soil moisture ; irrigation water governance ; nitrogen ; Andalusia ; Corn ; basal crop coefficients ; water balance ; participatory management ; beneficial water use ; soil nutrient ; water users association ; deficit irrigation ; stakeholder engagement ; new technologies ; smartphone application ; drip irrigation ; Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ; inflow rates ; policy-making ; soil water storage depletion ; on-demand operation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Agriculture requires technical solutions for increasing production while lessening environmental impact by reducing the application of agro-chemicals and increasing the use of environmentally friendly management practices. A benefit of this is the reduction of production costs. Sensor technologies produce tools to achieve the abovementioned goals. The explosive technological advances and developments in recent years have enormously facilitated the attainment of these objectives, removing many barriers for their implementation, including the reservations expressed by farmers. Precision agriculture and ‘smart farming’ are emerging areas where sensor-based technologies play an important role. Farmers, researchers, and technical manufacturers are joining their efforts to find efficient solutions, improvements in production, and reductions in costs. This book brings together recent research and developments concerning novel sensors and their applications in agriculture. Sensors in agriculture are based on the requirements of farmers, according to the farming operations that need to be addressed.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; optical sensor ; spectral analysis ; response surface sampling ; sensor evaluation ; electromagnetic induction ; multivariate water quality parameters ; mandarin orange ; crop inspection platform ; SPA-MLR ; object tracking ; feature selection ; simultaneous measurement ; diseases ; genetic algorithms ; processing of sensed data ; electrochemical sensors ; thermal image ; ECa-directed soil sampling ; handheld ; recognition patterns ; salt concentration ; clover-grass ; bovine embedded hardware ; weed control ; soil ; field crops ; vineyard ; connected dominating set ; water depth sensors ; SS-OCT ; wheat ; striped stem-borer ; silage ; geostatistics ; detection ; NIR hyperspectral imaging ; electronic nose ; machine learning ; virtual organizations of agents ; packing density ; data validation and calibration ; dataset ; Wi-SUN ; temperature sensors ; geoinformatics ; gas sensor ; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ; vegetable oil ; photograph-grid method ; Vitis vinifera ; WSN distribution algorithms ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; irrigation ; quality assessment ; energy efficiency ; wireless sensor network (WSN) ; geo-information ; Fusarium ; texture features ; weeds ; discrimination ; big data ; soil moisture sensors ; meat spoilage ; land cover ; stereo imaging ; near infrared sensors ; biological sensing ; compound sensor ; pest management ; moisture ; plant localization ; heavy metal contamination ; artificial neural networks ; spectral pre-processing ; moisture content ; apparent soil electrical conductivity ; data fusion ; semi-arid regions ; smart irrigation ; back propagation model ; wireless sensor network ; energy balance ; light-beam ; fluorescent measurement ; agriculture ; precision agriculture ; deep learning ; spectroscopy ; hulled barely ; dielectric probe ; RPAS ; water supply network ; rice leaves ; mobile app ; gradient boosted machines ; hyperspectral camera ; one-class ; nitrogen ; LiDAR ; total carbon ; chemometrics analysis ; rice ; agricultural land ; on-line vis-NIR measurement ; CARS ; obstacle detection ; stratification ; neural networks ; regression estimator ; Kinect ; proximity sensing ; distributed systems ; pest ; noninvasive detection ; texture feature ; soil mapping ; classification ; soil salinity ; visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy ; germination ; computer vision ; hyperspectral imaging ; diffusion ; dielectric dispersion ; UAS ; random forests ; case studies ; total nitrogen ; thermal imaging ; cameras ; dry matter composition ; near-infrared ; salt tolerance ; deep convolutional neural networks ; soil type classification ; water management ; preprocessing methods ; wireless sensor networks (WSN) ; remote sensing image classification ; precision plant protection ; radar ; spatial variability ; GF-1 satellite ; plant disease ; naked barley ; leaf area index ; CIE-Lab ; change of support ; radiative transfer model ; 3D reconstruction ; plant phenotyping ; vine ; near infrared ; vegetation indices ; remote sensing ; greenhouse ; time-series data ; scattering ; sensor ; crop area ; speckle ; spatial data ; grapevine breeding ; wide field view ; partial least squares-discriminant analysis ; spiking ; area frame sampling ; chromium content ; machine-learning ; RGB-D sensor ; pest scouting ; PLS ; Capsicum annuum ; spatial-temporal model ; drying temperature ; boron tolerance ; ambient intelligence ; laser wavelength ; fuzzy logic ; dynamic weight ; landslide ; management zones ; real-time processing ; event detection ; crop monitoring ; apple shelf-life ; rice field monitoring ; wireless sensor ; birth sensor ; proximal sensor ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The way plants grow and develop organs significantly impacts the overall performance and yield of crop plants. The basic knowledge now available in plant development has the potential to help breeders in generating plants with defined architectural features to improve productivity. Plant translational research effort has steadily increased over the last decade due to the huge increase in the availability of crop genomic resources and Arabidopsis-based sequence annotation systems. However, a consistent gap between fundamental and applied science has yet to be filled. One critical point often brought up is the unreadiness of developmental biologists on one side to foresee agricultural applications for their discoveries, and of the breeders to exploit gene function studies to apply to candidate gene approaches when advantageous on the other. In this book, both developmental biologists and breeders make a special effort to reconcile research on the basic principles of plant development and organogenesis with its applications to crop production and genetic improvement. Fundamental and applied science contributions intertwine and chase each other, giving the reader different but complementary perspectives from only apparently distant corners of the same world.
    Keywords: SB1-1110 ; QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; HD-Zip transcription factors ; Plant in vitro cultures ; plant breeding ; recalcitrant species ; CLV ; wounding ; semi-dwarf ; photoreceptors ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; root development ; morphogenesis ; embryogenesis ; cytokinin ; auxin conjugation ; molecular marker ; Development ; boundaries ; translational research ; proline biosynthesis ; Brassicaceae ; meristem formation ; phytohormones ; stem cells ; meristem ; cytoskeleton ; hydrogen peroxide ; ligule ; genetic improvement ; tree phase change ; Rht18 ; hairy roots ; WUS ; GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) IAA-amido synthase group II ; photoperiod ; linkage map ; SAM ; ground tissue ; signaling ; differentiation ; protoxylem ; ambient temperature ; gibberellins ; molecular regulation ; proximodistal patterning ; wheat-rye hybrids ; RolD ; somatic cell selection ; flowering time ; plant development and organogenesis ; grass ; root ; wheat ; crop productivity ; genetic transformation ; regulatory networks ; light environment ; rol genes ; root plasticity ; morphogenic ; stem apical meristem ; auxin ; shoot meristem ; Arabidopsis ; organogenesis ; transformation ; Vasculature ; Organogenesis ; radial patterning ; plant development ; reduced height ; root apical meristem ; Asteraceae ; vernalization ; KNOX transcription factors ; locule ; plant cell and tissue culture ; Agrobacterium rhizogenes ; genes of reproductive isolation ; cell wall ; lateral root cap ; CLE ; auxin minimum ; age
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Water Footprint Assessment is a young research field that considers how freshwater use, scarcity, and pollution relate to consumption, production, and trade patterns. This book presents a wide range of studies within this new field. It is argued that collective and coordinated action - at different scale levels and along all stages of commodity supply chains - is necessary to bring about more sustainable, efficient, and equitable water use. The presented studies range from farm to catchment and country level, and show how different actors along the supply chain of final commodities can contribute to more sustainable water use in the chain.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TA170-171 ; effective rain ; cabbage ; urban area ; water footprint benchmarks ; value addition ; threshold ; Haihe River Basin ; land footprint ; irrigation intensity ; environmental sustainability ; water resources ; virtual water trade ; land use change ; blue water footprint ; embedded resource accounting ; multi-level governance ; soil type ; cattle ; crop water demand ; lettuce ; modelling ; sustainability ; water scarcity footprint ; water scarcity ; green water availability ; root water uptake ; water footprint ; water productivity ; South Africa ; economic land productivity ; crop trade ; Amazon ; Cerrado ; wheat-bread ; international trade ; life cycle analysis ; broccoli ; value chain ; oil palm (Eleasis guineensis) ; crop choice ; water accounting ; retail ; Malawi ; river basin management ; Steenkoppies Aquifer ; carrots ; consumers ; wheat ; silk ; soybean ; water footprint assessment ; CSR ; sericulture ; food self-sufficiency ; water management ; water footprint accounting ; packhouse ; economic water productivities ; groundwater ; consumption ; Central Europe ; maize ; beetroot ; economic water productivity ; Mato Grosso ; regulation ; food security ; water saving ; crop ages ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is a collection of original research and review papers that report on the state of the art and recent advancements in food and agriculture engineering, such as sustainable production and food technology. Encompassed within are applications in food and agriculture engineering, biosystem engineering, plant and animal production engineering, food and agricultural processing engineering, storing industry, economics and production management and agricultural farms management, agricultural machines and devices, and IT for agricultural engineering and ergonomics in agriculture.
    Keywords: 3D scanner ; geometric model ; reverse engineering ; fruit ; cucumber ; sustainable production ; screw press ; basket press ; polyphenols ; antioxidant activity ; texture properties ; GLOBAL G.A.P. ; GRASP ; quality management systems ; certification ; primary production ; social practice ; juice ; barley ; pressing ; protein ; chlorophylls ; green food ; nutritional value ; brassica vegetables ; antioxidative properties ; quality of food ; nitrates and nitrites ; frozen storage ; processing of vegetables ; agricultural product ; price ; modeling ; management ; grinding ; organic dust ; sustainable agriculture ; accelerator ; axisymmetric surface ; general equation of dynamics ; non-inertial reference frame ; biochar ; biological soil quality ; Collembola life-form groups ; QBS-c index ; grain grinding ; rotary–centrifugal grinder ; construction optimization criteria ; soil fertility ; integrated agricultural production ; conventional agricultural production ; cold-pressed oils ; functional food ; oxidative stability ; rapeseed oil ; Spanish sage seed oil ; cress seed oil ; probiotic ; non-dairy beverages ; survivability ; fermentation ; bacteria ; coconut ; hemp ; sustainable food production ; biomass ; agricultural biogas plants ; agricultural waste ; sustainable and renewable energy ; organic residue management ; Poland ; flat fan nozzle ; liquid coverage ; coefficient of variation (CV) ; crop yields ; packaging ; biodegradable material ; lyophilized protein structure ; bootstrap methods ; confidence intervals ; lognormal distribution ; sprayer ; droplet diameters ; wheat ; stress relaxation ; Initial load ; Peleg and Normand ; compression ; spelt ; threshing ; dehuller ; legumes ; infrared processing ; acceleration of the process of hydration ; Peleg’s equation ; rice ; compressive strength ; rupture energy ; potato ; tuber ; storage losses ; UV-C ; forage from grain ; cereal grain ; energy consumption ; pumpkin ; Cucurbita maxima ; antioxidative activity ; Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) ; cluster analysis ; microbiological analysis ; structure ; implications for practice ; mixing of granular materials ; fluorescence ; tracer ; industrial feed ; image analysis ; press cakes ; compaction ; disposal ; sustainable development ; modern products ; animal waste ; biogas ; dairy cattle farms ; energy potential ; waste management ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The role of biochar in improving soil fertility is increasingly being recognized and is leading to recommendations of biochar amendment of degraded soils. In addition, biochars offer a sustainable tool for managing organic wastes and to produce added-value products. The benefits of biochar use in agriculture and forestry can span enhanced plant productivity, an increase in soil C stocks, and a reduction of nutrient losses from soil and non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, biochar composition and properties and, therefore, its performance as a soil amendment are highly dependent on the feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. In addition, due to its characteristics, such as high porosity, water retention, and adsorption capacity, there are other applications for biochar that still need to be properly tested. Thus, the 16 original articles contained in this book, which were selected and evaluated for this Special Issue, provide a comprehensive overview of the biological, chemicophysical, biochemical, and environmental aspects of the application of biochar as soil amendment. Specifically, they address the applicability of biochar for nursery growth, its effects on the productivity of various food crops under contrasting conditions, biochar capacity for pesticide retention, assessment of greenhouse gas emissions, and soil carbon dynamics. I would like to thank the contributors, reviewers, and the support of the Agronomy editorial staff, whose professionalism and dedication have made this issue possible.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; nutrient ; essential oil quality ; heavy metals ; mean residence time ; soil physics ; crop growth ; gas exchange attributes ; pyrolysis ; greenhouse experiment ; water retention ; qPCR ; Ultisols ; soil carbon dynamics ; composted solid digestate ; activated charcoal ; excessive compost application ; bacterial 16S rRNA gene ; yield attributes ; field experiment ; soil fertility ; nutrient cycling ; grapevine planting material ; germination ; nutrient concentration ; global warming ; soil chemical properties ; containerized production systems ; water stress ; sesame ; hydrochar ; soil health ; biochar-ash pellet ; gene expression ; vineyard by-products ; leaf chlorosis ; slow pool ; biochar ; archaeal 16S rRNA gene ; pore property ; soil organic matter ; hormone ; rice yields ; acidic undernourished soil ; biochar particle size ; fallen leaves ; soil physical properties ; pesticides ; soil amendments ; wheat ; paper mill sludge ; quality index ; biosolids ; dairy manure ; cropping ; Pelargonium graveolens ; solid digestate ; nitrogen ; thermochemical property ; biofertilizers ; jatropha ; 13C NMR ; fertilizer ; pyrochar ; incubation ; rice husk biochar ; arid region ; activated carbon ; aging ; soil chemistry ; desert soil ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: barley ; breeding ; gene isolation ; genome reference sequence ; wheat ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: This Special Issue on molecular genetics, genomics, and biotechnology in crop plant breeding seeks to encourage the use of the tools currently available. It features nine research papers that address quality traits, grain yield, and mutations by exploring cytoplasmic male sterility, the delicate control of flowering in rice, the removal of anti-nutritional factors, the use and development of new technologies for non-model species marker technology, site-directed mutagenesis and GMO regulation, genomics selection and genome-wide association studies, how to cope with abiotic stress, and an exploration of fruit trees adapted to harsh environments for breeding purposes. A further four papers review the genetics of pre-harvest spouting, readiness for climate-smart crop development, genomic selection in the breeding of cereal crops, and the large numbers of mutants in straw lignin biosynthesis and deposition.
    Keywords: SB1-1110 ; QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; Wx ; transgenic cereals ; GWAS ; anther ; cytoplasmic male sterility ; mutants ; oleic acid ; QTL ; plant breeding ; QTL/genes ; lignin ; maintainer ; Japanese plum ; pre-harvest sprouting ; mutations ; RNA-seq ; fertility restoration ; Rf1 gene ; association mapping ; estimated breeding value ; non-open hull 1(noh1) ; protein ; gene mapping ; electrospray ionisation ; climate change ; genome editing ; fatty acid composition ; phloem metabolites ; ISSR ; gold hull and internode ; genotyping by sequencing ; gibberellin ; cultivar ; GmDof4 ; bioinformatics ; CRISPR/Cas9 site directed mutagenesis ; quality groups ; linkage map ; ddRAD sequencing ; breeding scheme ; mutation breeding ; PPR genes ; genetic structure ; genetic resources ; Pentatricopeptide Repeats ; crops ; amylose content ; genetic value ; seed dormancy ; diversity ; mapping populations ; cytoplasmic male sterile ; genomic prediction ; SNP ; TGW6 ; mass spectrometry ; abscisic acid ; wheat ; lodicule ; genome-wide association scan ; genomic selection ; RNA editing ; CRISPR/Cas9 ; nitrogen ; faba bean ; next generation sequencing ; zt-1 ; grass family ; differentially expressed genes ; rice ; brown midrib ; sunflower ; pedigree ; genotyping-by-sequencing ; “omics” data ; quantitative genetics ; orange lemma ; F1 hybrids ; SSR ; drought ; candidate genes ; Brassica napus ; GmDof11 ; new plant breeding techniques ; mutational breeding ; genetic modification ; cell wall ; monolignol pathway
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    ISSN: 1573-9058
    Keywords: biomass ; carotenoids ; chlorophyll ; nutrients ; sulphur dioxide ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Field experiments were conducted on four cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to examine the variability in cultivar response to sulphur dioxide (SO2) under different concentrations of mineral nutrients. Thirty-days-old plants were exposed for 8 weeks to 390±20 µg m−3 (0.15 ppm) SO2 for 4 h per day, 5 d per week. Decline in net photosynthetic rate, contents of pigments and nitrogen, biomass and grain yield of each cultivars were due to SO2 at all the nutrient concentrations studied. However, the magnitude of reduction was higher in plants grown without nutrient application. On the basis of the reductions in photosynthesis and yield, the susceptibility of wheat cultivars to SO2 was in the order of Malviya 213 〉 Malviya 37 〉 Malviya 206 〉 Malviya 234 at recommended dose of NPK, whereas the same without the nutrients was Malviya 206 〉 Malviya 234 〉 Malviya 213 〉 Malviya 37.
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  • 72
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    Photosynthetica 37 (2000), S. 519-527 
    ISSN: 1573-9058
    Keywords: alanine ; aspartate ; glycine ; glycollate ; malate ; nitrate ; serine ; sugars ; Triticum aestivum ; urea ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 14CO2 uptake in leaves of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) fertilized by urea or Ca(NO3)2 (25 mol m-3) was investigated. The Warburg effect (inhibition of 14CO2 uptake by oxygen) under 0.03 vol. % CO2 concentration was observed only in non-fertilized plants. Under 0.03 vol. % CO2, the Warburg antieffect (stimulation of 14CO2 uptake by oxygen) was detected only in plants fertilized by Ca(NO3)2. Under saturating CO2 concentration (0.30 vol. %), the Warburg antieffect was observed in all variants. Under limitation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity (0.30 vol. % CO2 + 1 vol. % O2), the rate of synthesis of glycollate metabolism products decreased in control and urea-fertilized plants but was enhanced in nitrate-fed plants. Hence, there was an activation of glycollate formation via transketolase reaction in fertilized plants, and the products of nitrate reduction function were oxidants in nitrate-fertilized plants whereas the superoxide radical played this role in urea-fertilized plants.
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  • 73
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    Chromosome research 8 (2000), S. 543-554 
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: genomic in-situ hybridization ; meiosis ; neocentromere ; rye ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The neocentric activity of a constriction located on the long arm of rye 5R chromosome (5RL) was analysed. It is not observed in normal rye but it is unusually stretched in bivalents involving 5RL telosomes in wheat–ditelosomic 5RL addition lines. In 20% of metaphase I cells, the 5RL bivalent presents the centromeres oriented to one pole and the constrictions oriented towards the opposite pole with a strong tension. In 5% of the cells, the constriction was able to orient the bivalent to the poles without tension in the centromeres. Sister chromatid cohesion, which is one of the distinct features of centromeric function, is persistent at the constriction in delayed 5RL chromosomes at anaphase I. Neither the elongation of the constriction nor the neocentric activity was observed at second meiotic division or mitosis. FISH studies showed that the 5RL constriction lacked detectable quantities of two repetitive DNA sequences, CCS1 and the 180-bp knob repeat, present at cereal centromeres and neocentromeres, respectively. We propose that, under special conditions, such as the wheat background, the normally non-centromeric DNA present at this region of 5RL acquires a specific chromatin structure, differentiated as an elongated constriction, which is able to function as a centromere.
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  • 74
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    Journal of chemical ecology 26 (2000), S. 2141-2154 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Allelopathy ; phenolic acids ; 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one ; DIMBOA ; GC-MS-MS ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; weed suppression ; annual ryegrass ; Lolium rigidum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Wheat allelopathy has potential for weed suppression. Allelochemicals were identified in wheat seedlings, and they were exuded from seedlings into agar growth medium. p-Hydroxybenzoic, trans-p-coumaric, cis-p-coumaric, syringic, vanillic, trans-ferulic, and cis-ferulic acids and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) were identified in both the shoots and roots of 17-day-old wheat seedlings and their associated agar growth medium. Wheat accessions with previously identified allelopathic activity tended to contain higher levels of allelochemicals than poorly allelopathic ones. The allelopathic compounds present in the shoots generally also were identified in the roots and in the agar medium. Allelochemicals were distributed differentially in wheat, with roots normally containing higher levels of allelochemicals than the shoots. When the eight allelochemicals were grouped into benzoic acid and cinnamic acid derivatives, DIMBOA, total coumaric, and total ferulic acids, the amount of each group of allelochemicals was correlated between the roots and the shoots. Most of the allelochemicals identified in the shoots and roots could be exuded by the living roots of wheat seedling into the agar growth medium. However, the amounts of allelochemicals in the agar growth medium were not proportional to those in the roots. Results suggest that wheat plants may retain allelochemicals once synthesized. The presence of allelochemicals in the agar growth medium demonstrated that wheat seedlings were able to synthesize and to exude phytotoxic compounds through their root system that could inhibit the root growth of annual ryegrass.
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  • 75
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    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 57 (2000), S. 75-82 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: nitrogen ; leaching ; paddy soil ; wheat ; rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen in percolation water was observed in paddy field soil under rice/wheat rotation. Different N-application rates were designed. Porous pipes were installed in triplicate at depths of 30, 60 and 90 cm to collect the water in the period of wheat growth. Suction cups were installed in triplicate at the same depths to collect the water during the period of rice growth. NH4 +, NO3 - and total N in the water were analysed with a continuous-flow nitrogen analyzer. Results showed that nitrate was the predominant form of nitrogen in percolation water during the period of wheat growth. Nitrate leaching was high in early spring after the `tillering fertilisation'. More than 50 mg l-1 of nitrate concentration in percolation water was observed for 30 and 60 cm in depth and more than 15 mg l-1 were observed for 90 cm. The concentration decreased quickly and was very low, less than 2 mg l-1 usually, in the earring stage of wheat. Nitrate in water was low, less than 1.5 mg l-1 usually, when the field was flooded during the period of rice growth. Some soluble organic N existed in the water. Nitrate in percolation water increased when the field was drained. The leaching loss of nitrogen during winter wheat growth period was estimated to be about 3.4% of the N-fertiliser applied at the normal application rate of farmers; for the rice growth period it was around 1.8%. Although a reduced N-application decreased N leaching, it caused a marked decrease in crop yield.
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  • 76
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    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 58 (2000), S. 131-139 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: automated closed chamber method ; wheat ; cowpea ; slow-release nitrogen fertilizer ; residue management ; denitrification ; methane sink ; rainfall
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Rainfed rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based cropping systems are characterized by alternate wetting and drying cycles as monsoonal rains come and go. The potential for accumulation and denitrification of NO3 − is high in these systems as is the production and emission of CH4 during the monsoon rice season. Simultaneous measurements of CH4 and N2O emissions using automated closed chamber methods have been reported in irrigated rice fields but not in rainfed rice systems. In this field study at the International Rice Research Institute, Philippines, simultaneous and continuous measurements of CH4 and N2O were made from the 1994 wet season to the 1996 dry season. During the rice-growing seasons, CH4 fluxes were observed, with the highest emissions being in organic residue-amended plots. Nitrous oxide fluxes, on the other hand, were generally nonexistent, except after fertilization events where low N2O fluxes were observed. Slow-release N fertilizer further reduced the already low N2O emissions compared with prilled urea in the first rice season. During the dry seasons, when the field was planted to the upland crops cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), positive CH4 fluxes were low and insignificant except after the imposition of a permanent flood where high CH4 fluxes appeared. Evidences of CH4 uptake were apparent in the first dry season, especially in cowpea plots, indicating that rainfed lowland rice soils can act as sink for CH4 during the upland crop cycle. Large N2O fluxes were observed shortly after rainfall events due to denitrification of accumulated NO3 −. Cumulative CH4 and N2O fluxes observed during this study in rainfed conditions were lower compared with previous studies on irrigated rice fields.
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  • 77
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    Plant and soil 222 (2000), S. 139-147 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: elemental sulphur ; oilseed rape ; sulphate ; sulphur fertilisers ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to compare the availability and efficiency of three sulphur (S) fertilisers to wheat in the first year and oilseed rape in the second year, using six agricultural soils. Four treatments were applied in the initial year: control (no S), two forms of elemental S (either micronised S° particles or a bentonite + S° mixture) and a sulphate fertiliser (ammonium sulphate). In the first year, the micronised S° was as effective as the sulphate fertiliser, both producing similar increases of wheat grain yield (on average 36%) and S uptake (on average 164%) over the control. In contrast, responses to the bentonite + S° form were minimal, indicating a limited S supply. In the second year the control treatment failed to produce seeds in most soils, whereas the micronised S° and sulphate treatments increased seed yields of oilseed rape to an average of 13.4 and 12.9 g pot-1, respectively. The performance of the bentonite + S° varied between soils: two soils produced yields similar to those of the other S fertilisers, while the remaining soils had low yields. To test whether the poor performance of the bentonite clay + S° fertiliser was due to the lack of exposure of the prills to physical weathering in the glasshouse, the effect of freeze-thaw action on the fertilisers performance was assessed in a separate pot experiment. The responses in wheat yield and S uptake showed that freeze-thaw did not enhance the physical disruption of the prills or fertiliser effectiveness. These results suggest that the release of available S from the bentonite + S° mixture was too slow to meet the requirement of wheat and oilseed rape.
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  • 78
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: abscisic acid (ABA) ; dormancy ; mature germination ; seed ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Seed dormancy develops latein embryogenesis after a period of potential prematuregermination and has been associated with levels ofabscisic acid (ABA) in, and sensitivity to, ABA ofembryos. In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)embryos, there are two peaks in levels of ABA duringdevelopment: the first occurs 25 days afterpollination (DAP) and the second from 35 to 40 DAP. The first peak of ABA appears to be associated withthe development of the embryo's sensitivity to ABAsince such sensitivity was altered in seeds on earsthat were incubated in a solution of ABA from 15 and20 DAP. In the embryos of Kitakei wheat, a line thatexhibits dormancy, the second peak, at around 35 DAP,was more prolonged in comparison to Chihoku, anon-dormant line. The results support the proposedinvolvement of ABA in the formation and maintenance ofseed dormancy during middle and late embryogenesis. When developing embryos were incubated in water,embryonic ABA leaked out from the embryos, inparticular between 30 and 40 DAP. Prematuregermination observed between 30 and 40 DAP might berelated to such leakage of ABA from embryos.
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  • 79
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    Genetic resources and crop evolution 47 (2000), S. 281-284 
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: agronomic traits ; isozymes ; landrace ; Triticum aestivum ; variation ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A sample of an Argentinean landrace of wheat showed considerable variation in most of the evaluated morphological and agronomic characters. However, analyses with high molecular glutenins and two isozyme systems, known to be highly polymorphic among current cultivars, revealed very little or no variation, respectively. The large difference in the observed variation between morphoagronomic and biochemical characters is discussed.
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  • 80
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: aluminum tolerance ; genetic control ; induced mutations ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The behavior of 17 gamma irradiation mutant lines derived from the aluminum sensitive wheat cultivar `Anahuac' was compared with two sensitive and three tolerant cultivars in nutritent solutions containing seven Al3+ concentrations (0; 0.5; 1; 2; 4; 6 and10 mg/liter), at a temperature of 25 °C and 4.0 pH. Tolerance was measured by the continued growth of the primary roots in a solution without aluminum after 48 hours in a solution containing a known concentration of aluminum. 14 mutant lines were as tolerant to the presence of 10 mg/liter of Al3+ in the treatment solutions as were the tolerant `BH-1146', `IAC-60' and `IAC-24' cultivars. Two mutant lines were tolerant and one was sensitive to the presence of 1 mg/liter of Al3+, while the cultivars `Siete Cerros' and `Anahuac' were sensitive to 1 and 0.5 mg/liter Al3+ in the solutions, respectively. F2 seedlings, obtained from cross among one sensitive and twelve tolerant mutant lines to the sensitive cultivars (`Siete Cerros' or `Anahuac') and the tolerant cultivars (`BH-1146' or `IAC-24') were assessed for tolerance to 2 mg/liter Al3+ in nutritient solutions. The twelve tolerant mutant lines and the tolerant `IAC-60' and `IAC-24' cultivars differed from the sensitive `Siete Cerros' or `Anahuac' cultivars by one pair of dominant alleles. The results indicated that tolerance in the induced mutants was due to a single pair of dominant alleles and that these alleles expressed the same tolerance as `BH-1146' and `IAC-24' cultivars.
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  • 81
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Fusarium head blight ; intermating breedingpopulation ; male-sterile gene ms 2 ; recurrent selection ; resistance ; Triticum aestivum L. ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Four cycles of recurrent selection for FHB resistance were conducted in an intermating wheat breeding population using the dominant male-sterile gene ms 2 during 1987–1991.Five cycles of phenotypic mass selection for male-sterile plants were evaluated using the soil-surface inoculation method in Experiment I. Experiment II evaluated changes in FHB scores during five cycles of progeny selection for fertile plants using the single-floret inoculation method. In Experiment I, the average level of FHB response increased to MR level in C4, compared to MS level in C0. The numbers of infected spikelets and diseased kernels decreased 0.32 and 2.68 per cycle, respectively. In Experiment II, the average level of FHB response increased to R level in C4F1. The numbers of infected spikelets and diseased kernels decreased 0.93 and 4.58 per cycle, respectively. In both experiments, the largest selection gains were realized in the first cycle. The frequencies of R and MR individuals were increased significantly. The frequencies of individuals with FHB response equal and/or superior to Sumai 3 were increased to 5–8% in C4 and 25% in C4F1after the fourth cycle. Agronomic traits tended to be slightly improved in selected populations. Compared to 2% in C0, about 34% of lines superior in both FHB resistance and agronomic traits in C4F1 were selected to enter the conventional breeding program for further evaluation. Sixty three semidwarf lines superior in both FHB resistance and yield potential were selected from the F5 generations derived from C1F1 to C4F1. From them, two resistant cultivars with high-yielding potential were developed and commercialized in the Lower Yangtze Valley. Recurrent selection appears to be highly effective and feasible in shifting the average FHB response of the intermating population in the desirable direction, thereby enhancing the frequency of resistant individuals.
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    Euphytica 112 (2000), S. 261-265 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: grain texture ; microtome ; quality ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Although grain texture has been extensively studied, there is still some controversy about its mode of inheritance. The aim of this study was to use a microtome method to determine the inheritance of grain texture. The backcross method was used with a hard, well adapted cultivar, M29519 as recurrent parent, and Edwall, a soft cultivar with good biscuit-making quality, as donor. Segregation ratio's for grain texture were calculated after each backcross. The backcross derivates M29519 (soft) and M29519 (hard) and the donor and recurrent parents were also compared for biscuit-making quality. The microtome method was found to be very effective to determine grain texture. In this study grain softness was determined by a single dominant gene. M29519 (hard) and the recurrent parent did not differ significantly for any quality characteristics. M29519 (hard) and M29519 (soft) differed significantly for seven characteristics associated with biscuit-making quality, and M29519 (soft) produced a significantly larger biscuit diameter than M29519 (hard). M29519 (soft) differed significantly from the donor parent for six of the measured characteristics. Despite this, M29519 (soft) produced a biscuit similar in diameter to that of the donor parent. Therefore, although the transfer of the softness genes into a different genetic background did not transfer all the factors generally associated with good biscuit-making quality, it did produce a biscuit that did not differ significantly from that of the donor.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: disease resistance ; incubation period ; infection frequency ; Stagonospora nodorum ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Septoria nodorum blotch is the most important leaf disease of wheat in Western Australia. A potentially useful source of resistance has been identified in an accession of Aegilops tauschii. To study the genetics of resistance of this source a cross was made between the resistant Ae. tauschii accession, RL5271, and a susceptible accession, CPI110889. The resistant parent took significantly longer to develop symptoms, developed significantly fewer lesions and expressed significantly lower levels of disease than the susceptible parent. The F1 mean response for disease severity indicated there was no complete dominance. The F3 families were classified using three approaches. In the first approach the individual F3 plant response was used to classify the F3 families. In the second approach the F3 family means and standard errors were used to classify the F3 families. In the final approach Best Linear Unbiased Predictors of disease score and standard error for each F3 family derived from a REML analysis were used to classify the F3 families. The genotypic ratios generated by each of the approaches suggested that resistance is controlled by a single gene. The effectiveness of the resistance and its simple genetic control in the Ae. tauschii, accession RL5271 may be a useful resistance source for use in a bread wheat breeding program.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: biomass ; intercepted radiation ; nitrogen nutrition ; oilseed rape ; radiation use efficiency ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the response of spring wheat and oilseed rape to nitrogen (N) supply, focusing on the critical period for grain number definition and grain filling. Crops were grown in containers under a shelter and treated with five combinations of applied N. Wheat and oilseed rape produced comparable amounts of biomass and yield when corrected for the costs of biomass synthesis (SC). From the responses of biomass and yield to late N applications and the apparent contribution of mobilised biomass to yield, it seems that the yield of oilseed rape was more source-limited during grain filling than that of wheat, particularly at the medium and high N levels. Both species recovered equal amounts of N from the total available N in the soil and had similar N use efficiencies, expressed as yield per unit of N absorbed. However, oilseed rape had higher efficiency to convert absorbed N in biomass, but lower harvest index of N than wheat. Oilseed rape had similar or lower root biomass than wheat, depending on N level, but higher root length per unit soil volume and specific root length. The specific uptake rate of N per unit root dry weight during the critical period for grain number determination was higher in oilseed rape than in wheat. In wheat, N limitation affected growth through a similar or lower reduction in radiation use efficiency corrected for synthesis costs (RUESC) than in the cumulative amount of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPARc). In oilseed rape, lower growth due to N shortage was associated more with RUESC than IPARc, during flowering while during grain filling both components contributed similarly to decreased growth. RUESC and the concentration of N in leaves and inflorescence (LIN%) decreased from flowering to maturity and were curvilinearly related. Oilseed rape tended to have higher RUESC than wheat at high N supply during the critical period for grain number determination, and generally lower during grain filling. The reasons for these differences and possibilities to increase yield potential are discussed in terms of the photosynthetic efficiency of the different organs and changes in source–sink ratio during reproductive stages.
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  • 85
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Andisol ; phosphatases ; phosphorus ; roots ; VA mycorrhiza ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Phosphorus deficiency is a major yield limiting constraint in wheat cultivation on acid soils. The plant factors that influence P uptake efficiency (PUPE) are mainly associated with root characteristics. This study was conducted to analyze the genotypic differences and relationships between PUPE, root length density (RLD), colonization by vesicular arbuscular and arbuscular mycorrhizal (V)AM fungi and root excretion of phosphatases in a P-deficient Andisol in the Central Mexican Highlands. Forty-two semidwarf spring-bread-wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) genotypes from CIMMYT were grown without (−P) and with P fertilization (+P), and subsequently in subsets of 30 and 22 genotypes in replicated field trials over 2 and 3 years, respectively. Acid phosphatase activity at the root surface (APASE) was analyzed in accompanying greenhouse experiments in nutrient solution. In this environment, PUPE contributed more than P utilization efficiency, in one experiment almost completely, to the variation of grain yield among genotypes. Late-flowering genotypes were higher yielding, because the postanthesis period of wheat was extended due to the cold weather at the end of the crop cycles, and postanthesis P uptake accounted for 40–45% of total P uptake. PUPE was positively correlated with the numbers of days to anthesis (at −P r=0.57 and at +P r=0.73). The RLD in the upper soil layer (0–20 cm) of the wheat germplasm tested ranged from 0.5 to 2.4 cm cm-3 at –P and 0.7 to 7.7 at +P. RLD was the most important root trait for improved P absorption, and it was positively genetically correlated with PUPE (at –P r=0.42 and at +P r=0.63) and the number of spikes m-2 (at –P r=0.58 and at +P r=0.36). RLD in the upper soil layer was more important with P fertilizer application. Without P fertilization, root proliferation in the deeper soil profile secured access to residual, native P in the deeper soil layer. (V)AM-colonisation and APASE were to a lesser degree correlated with PUPE. Among genoptypes, the level of (V)AM-colonisation ranged from 14 to 32% of the RLD in the upper soil layer, and APASE from 0.5 to 1.1 nmol s-1 plant-1 10-2.
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  • 86
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    Euphytica 111 (2000), S. 199-203 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) ; protein ; Russian wheat aphid ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), has become a perennial, serious pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the western United States. Current methodologies used to enhance RWA resistance in wheat germplasm could benefit from an understanding of the biochemical mechanisms underlying resistance to RWA. This study was initiated to identify specific polypeptides induced by RWA feeding that may be associated with RWA resistance. The effects of RWA feeding on PI 140207 (a RWA-resistant spring wheat) and Pavon (a RWA-susceptible spring wheat) were examined by visualizing, silver-stained denatured leaf proteins separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparisons of protein profiles of noninfested and RWA-infested Pavon and PI 140207 revealed a 24-kilodalton-protein complex selectively inhibited in Pavon that persisted in PI 140207during RWA attack. No other significant qualitative or quantitative differences were detected in RWA-induced alterations of protein profiles. These results suggest that RWA feeding selectively inhibit synthesis and accumulation of proteins necessary for normal metabolic functions in susceptible plants.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: drainage ; duplex soil ; evapotranspiration ; lupin ; waterlogging ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The influence of time of sowing and sowing density on evapotranspiration and drainage loss beneath wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Spear) and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Gungurru) crops grown on a layered soil was investigated for three seasons in a Mediterranean climate in Western Australia. The aim of the study was to investigate whether managing crops to maximise their canopy growth would increase their water use and minimise groundwater recharge contributing to dryland salinity. A soil water balance approach was used to estimate evapotranspiration, with changes in soil water content measured with a neutron water meter. The study was carried out on a layered soil typical of agricultural soils in the region with variable depth to clay (0.22–0.38 m) and a marked contrast in hydraulic properties between the topsoil and subsoil. As a result of the low permeability subsoil, a perched water table occurred in the sandy topsoil in each of the three seasons under study during winter when rainfall was high and potential evaporation low. Perched water tables persisted for 2–3 months, with hydraulic gradients consistently downward causing drainage losses to occur. Although crop management had a large influence on shoot and root development, evapotranspiration from the different treatments was generally similar. Drainage losses were not influenced by either crop type, time of sowing or sowing density, because potential evaporation and hence evapotranspiration was low during the period when drainage losses occurred. The total drainage loss measured in each season was different, with losses ranging from 20.1 to 22.2 mm in 1990, from 40.4 to 46.7 mm in 1991 and from 49.4 to 66.6 mm in 1992. The increase in drainage loss from 1990 to 1992 was a result of progressively more seasonal rainfall in 1990, 1991 and 1992. It was concluded that there was little scope to increase water use and decrease deep drainage through crop management for sites with climatic conditions where winter rainfall exceeds potential evaporation.
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    Plant and soil 225 (2000), S. 187-191 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azospirillum brasilense ; 2 ; 4-D ; para-nodules ; saline stress ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of saline stress on the colonization of wheat was analyzed by using Azospirillum brasilense Cd carrying the fusion of the reporter gene lacZ (β-galactosidase) with the N2 fixation gene promoter nifA. Colonization was also studied by inducing para-nodules on wheat roots using 2,4-D, establishing that these structures acted as bacterium protected niches. Bacteria grown under standard conditions were distributed along the whole root system, except the elongation zone, and colonized the para-nodules. Bacteria experiencing saline stress were mainly localized at the root tips and the lateral roots. In 2,4-D treated plants, most of the bacteria were present around the basal surface of the modified lateral root structures. Using the MPN method, there were not statistical differences between the numbers of control and stressed bacteria. As this method estimates endophytic colonization in contrast with the one using X-gal, which emphasizes colonization on the root surface, both procedures demonstrated to be necessary, concluding that salt treatment reduced surface colonization (X-gal) but not colonization inside the root. The bacterial counts made on inoculated wheat roots indicated higher numbers of both control and stressed bacteria in roots treated with 2,4-D compared with untreated roots.
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  • 89
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: residual effect of gypsum ; rice ; selenium toxicity ; sulphur ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A field experiment was conducted for 2 years on an alkaline calcareous seleniferous soil to study the effect of different levels of gypsum (0.2 – 3.2 t ha−1) applied to wheat only in the first year on Se accumulation by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) – rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping sequence. With gypsum application, grain yield of both rice and wheat crops increased by 0.4 – 0.5 t ha−1; the increase in straw yield was 0.4 – 1.1 t ha−1. Significant reduction in Se accumulation by wheat was observed with gypsum application up to 0.8 t ha−1 and its residual effect was evident on the following crops for 2 years. Reduction in Se accumulation varied from 53 to 64% in wheat grain, 46 to 49% in wheat straw, 35 to 63% in rice grain and 36 to 51% in rice straw with an application of gypsum at 0.8 t ha−1. A corresponding increase in S concentration was observed. In the gypsum-treated plots, the ratio of S:Se increased by 6 – 8 times in wheat and 3 – 6 times in rice. Reduction in Se accumulation by crop plants through gypsum application may help in lowering the risk of Se over-exposure of animals and humans that depend on diet materials grown on high selenium soils.
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  • 90
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: barley ; GISH ; in situ hybridization ; translocation ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Wheat-barley translocations were identified by genomicin situ hybridization (GISH) in backcross progenies originating from in vitro regenerated wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring) × barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Betzes) hybrids. The regenerated hybrids were pollinated with the wheat line Martonvásári 9 kr1. Five translocated wheat-barley chromosomes were recovered among 51 BC2F2 progeny from the in vitro regenerated wheat × barley hybrids. All were single breakpoint translocations with the relative positions of the breakpoints ranging from the centromere to about 0.8 of the relative arm length. Of the four translocations with intercalary breakpoints, three were transfers of terminal barley segments to wheat chromosomes; one was a transfer of a terminal wheat segment to a barley chromosome. Because of the absence of diagnostic N-bands, the identity of three barley segments could not be determined; in one translocation the barley chromosome involved had a NOR so it must have been 5H or 6H, and the centric translocation was 4HS.2BL. Following selfing, homozygotes of four translocations were selected. The experiment suggests that in vitro culture conditions are conducive for major genome rearrangements in wheat-barley hybrids.
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    Euphytica 112 (2000), S. 157-166 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: barley ; cer ; β-diketone ; glaucous ; pre-harvest sprouting ; waxes ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Morphological features of the cereal ear, including awns, alter pre-harvest sprouting damage by changing the rate of water absorption during rainfall. In this paper, the potential for wheat (Triticum sp.) arid barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) waxes to reduce sprouting by increasing water repellency of the mature ear has been examined. Six barley F2 populations segregating for different non-glaucous single-gene mutants controlling waxes on ears were examined. Water repellency was assessed by measuring both the contact angle of a water drop placed on the lemma surface (internal angle) and by repetitive weighings of whole ears during their exposure to simulated rainfall. The lemma of glaucous (wild type) lines had larger water drop contact angles, an indication of poorer spread of water over the surface. In simulated rainfall, ears of the glaucous lines showed a clear reduction of wetting (20–30% less) and, after 72 h of wetting, their in-ear sprouting was reduced by 50 to 65%. When pre-wet, the glaucous ears also shed water more readily when shaken to simulate the combined effect of wind and rainfall. To reduce pre-harvest sprouting of barley it may be possible to screen visually for ears that are more glaucous but a more specific screen would be to select for lemma water drop contact angle since it is a good indicator of ear wettability and so allows differences in surface properties to be assessed. For bread wheat (T. aestivumL.), as for barley, the more glaucous the ear, the greater the water drop contact angle and the more tubular surface wax coverage seen in scanning electron microscope images. In addition, surface wax amount apparently affected in-ear wettingin lines of durum wheat, (T. turgidum L.). Possible genetic relationships between waxy/waxless genes in wheat and barley are suggested with the aim, ultimately, of altering ear glaucousness to give increased water repellency and a reduction of in-ear sprouting of wheat.
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  • 92
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    Euphytica 113 (2000), S. 65-70 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: cross prediction ; grain yield ; recombinant inbred lines ; single seed descent ; wheat ; yellow rust
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Populations of F6 recombinant inbred lines, generated by single seed descent from a half diallel among eight bread wheat lines adapted to the East African highlands, were used to identify those crosses that were more likely to produce cultivars which combined resistance to yellow rust with improved yield. Crosses having the most resistant line as one parent offered the best prospect of success, particularly those which produced F1hybrids exhibiting better parent heterosis. For plot grain yield there was a highly significant correlation between the observed and predicted rankings of the recombinant inbred line populations for the proportion of individual lines equalling or surpassing the target value. For yellow rust severity, however, this correlation was non-significant when a target value of zero was used. Adopting a slightly less stringent target of 0.25, coupled with the omission of two aberrant populations, increased this correlation significantly. The plant breeding implications of these results are discussed.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: cultivars ; drought stress ; droughtsusceptibility index ; landraces ; wheat ; yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In a 2-years experiment, 30 wheat cultivars and 21 landraces from different countries were tested under near optimum and drought stress conditions. Plant height, number of sterile spikelets per spike, spikelets per spike, number of kernels per spike, kernel weight per spike, 1000 kernel weight and grain yield were evaluated. The number of kernels per spike, 1000 kernel weight and especially yield were more sensitive to drought stress in the cultivars than plant height and number of spikelets per spike, while in the landraces these traits did not differ under drought stress compared to near optimum conditions. The average yield of cultivars was significantly better than the average yield of landraces under near optimum as well as drought stress conditions. Path coefficient analysis showed that for cultivars under near optimum conditions there was no significant direct association of any of the analysed characters with yield, while under drought stress conditions, number of kernels per spike had a significant positive direct effect. Under drought stress conditions, the number of sterile spikelets displayed a negative direct effect, while kernel weight per spike had a positive direct effect on yield. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used as a tool to classify cultivars and landraces according to their yield ability under near optimum and drought stress conditions. Among the cultivars, two groups out of five and among one of three in the landraces were characterised by high yields in both near optimum as well as under drought stress conditions. These genotypes may serve as sources of germplasm for breeding for drought tolerance.
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  • 94
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    Euphytica 115 (2000), S. 167-172 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: alien genetic variation ; chromosome translocation ; powdery mildew ; resistance ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A powdery mildew resistant double disomic wheat-rye substitution line carrying rye chromosomes 1R and 2R was crossed with normal bread wheats. The F2 generation was analysed cytologically by C-banding. Wheat-rye chromosome translocations involving both rye chromosomes 1R and 2R were frequent in F2. Lines with translocations of 1R and 2R were harvested separately. After four generations of selfing and selection for mildew resistance and fertility, fully fertile resistant lines were selected and analysed cytologically. Lines with 1BL/1RS and 2BS/2RL translocations were identified. The resistance on chromosome 1RS could not be shown to be different from control varieties carrying the same rye segment, while the resistance on 2RL is much broader than the earlier known 2RL derived resistance in the line Transec.
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  • 95
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    Molecular breeding 6 (2000), S. 169-174 
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: AFLP ; flour colour ; STS ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Flour colour is an important quality trait in the production of bread, noodles and other related end products. Current screening for flour colour in breeding programs requires several grams of flour to be milled. In order to screen large numbers of plants, a rapid PCR-based assay is required. We report here the conversion of a codominant AFLP marker linked to a major locus controlling flour colour in hexaploid wheat, to a sequence tagged site (STS) marker for use in marker-assisted selection (MAS). The two-allelic AFLP bands were cloned and sequenced to allow specific primers to be designed. The primers amplified bands of the expected size in the parental varieties and co-segregated with the original AFLP marker in the mapping population. The primers also amplified alleles of the expected size from the DNA of parental lines of two other related mapping populations. Cultivars that contributed to the pedigree of the original parent `Schomburgk' used to generate the mapping population were also screened to determine the origin of the `yellow' allele.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: ABA-responsive ; FKBP73 ; promoter ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The wheat FK506-binding protein (FKBP) 73 is a member of the peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase gene family, which catalyses the interconversion between the cis and trans forms of the peptide bond preceding proline residues in proteins. A 3.5 kb sequence 5′ upstream of the ATG codon of the wheat FKBP73 was isolated from a wheat genomic library, and characterized by deletion analysis and transient expression in wheat embryos. The 1517 bp fragment is referred to as the full promoter due to the maximal activity of the fused luciferase reporter gene. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of three abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive elements (ABREs) proximal to coupling elements (CE1-like), a putative lectin box, two putative binding sites for the myb transcription factor and a 36 bp fragment which exhibits 100% identity to the pSau3A9 clone located in the centromeric region of wheat chromosomes. In a transient expression assay the promoter preserved the tissue specificity described in vivo, namely it is expressed only in germinating embryos and young shoots. The promoter was induced 1.9-fold by ABA, the minimal promoter was designated at −221 and the TATA box located at −137. The inducibility by ABA and the expression during germination may indicate that FKBP73 belongs to the group of genes induced by ABA upon germination.
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  • 97
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    Plant molecular biology 42 (2000), S. 807-817 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Ca2+-binding protein ; EF-hand ; elicitor ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Intracellular Ca2+ has been implicated in the signal transduction processes during the development of the plant defense system against fungal pathogens. From wheat cultured cells that had been treated with the elicitor derived from Typhula ishikariensis, the ccd-1 gene encoding a 14 kDa Ca2+-binding protein with an acidic amphiphilic feature was isolated. The ccd-1-encoded protein (CCD-1) shares homology to the C-terminal half domain of centrin, a Ca2+-binding protein conserved in eukaryotes. Unlike typical eukaryotic centrins, CCD-1 contains only one Ca2+-binding loop, which corresponds to the one in the fourth EF-hand from the N-terminus of centrin. The recombinant CCD protein expressed in Escherichia coli bound to a phenyl-Sepharose column in the presence of Ca2+ and was eluted out by EGTA. It also showed a Ca2+-dependent electrophoretic mobility shift on the non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel. The ccd-1 mRNA expression was rapidly induced by treatment with fungal and chitosan oligosaccharide elicitors, implying that it might have a role in transducing Ca2+ signals provoked by the elicitors. The expression of the ccd-1 mRNA was induced by treatment with A23187, and the induction was suppressed by La3+ or 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA). This study suggests the involvement of intracellular Ca2+ in the elicitor-induced mRNA expression of a novel class of Ca2+-binding proteins conserved in higher plants.
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  • 98
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    Plant molecular biology 42 (2000), S. 615-622 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: introns ; maize ubiquitin promoter ; tritordeum ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The promoterless maize ubiquitin first exon and intron fragment can drive gusA expression in immature tritordeum inflorescences and immature wheat scutella. In fluorescence assays, this fragment induces gusA expression in tritordeum inflorescences to 50 times higher than background. The activity of the complete promoter, exon and intron cassette was up to 20 000-fold higher than background but the maize ubiquitin promoter in isolation had very low activity. A construct with the maize alcohol dehydrogenase first exon and intron had low activity, visible in histochemical assays. Both intron sequences have promoter-like features and in the ubiquitin intron there is a sequence homologous to the opaque-2-binding box. We suggest that the combination of these elements may explain the promoter activity detected in these introns.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 1608-3040
    Keywords: antioxidant ; Endomyces magnusii ; apoptosis ; BHT ; DNA ; fragmentation ; DNA synthesis ; ontogenesis ; ROS ; plant ; protein synthesis ; superoxide ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract It was found that production of superoxide (O2 – ·) is crucial for normal morphogenesis of etiolated wheat seedlings in the early stages of plant development. The development of etiolated wheat seedlings was shown to be accompanied with cyclic changes in the rate of O2 – · production both in the entire intact seedling and in its separated organs (leaf, coleoptile). First increase in the rate of O2 – · production was clearly observed in the period from two to four days of seedling development, then the rate of O2 – · production decreased to the initial level, and then it increased again for two days to a new maximum. An increase in O2 – · production in the period of the first four days of seedling development correlates with an increase in DNA and protein contents in the coleoptile. The second peak of increased rate of O2 – · production observed on the sixth or seventh day of seedling development coincides with a decrease in DNA and protein contents and apoptotic internucleosomal nuclear DNA fragmentation in the coleoptile. Incubation of seedlings in the presence of the antioxidant BHT (ionol) strongly affects their development but it does not influence the increase in DNA and protein contents for the initial four days of seedling life, and it slows down the subsequent age-dependent decrease in protein content and fully prevents the age-dependent decrease in DNA content in the coleoptile. A decrease in the O2 – · amount induced by BHT distorts the seedling development. BHT retards seedling growth, presumably by suppression of cell elongation, and it increases the life span of the coleoptile. It seems that O2 – · controls plant growth by cell elongation at the early stages of seedling development but later O2 – · controls (induces) apoptotic DNA fragmentation and protein disintegration.
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  • 100
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    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 92 (1999), S. 157-164 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: plant resistance ; antibiosis ; tolerance ; antixenosis ; Russian wheat aphid ; wheat ; Homoptera ; Aphididae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), is one of the most important aphid pests of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., worldwide. Among the various pest management options, plant resistance is an economical management tactic to control D. noxia in cereal crops such as wheat. Researchers have identified D. noxia resistant germplasm and it has been incorporated into wheat. This study compared D. noxia resistance between the ‘Betta’ wheat isolines Betta-Dn1, Betta-Dn2, and Betta-Dn5 and their corresponding donor gene plant introduction (PI) lines PI 137739 (Dn1), PI 262660 (Dn2), and PI 294994 (Dn5). Although the Betta isolines and PI lines showed D. noxia resistance when compared with Betta wheat, the degree of resistance in the isolines to D. noxia was different from their corresponding PI donors. Aphid number, aphid fecundity, and biomass per aphid were not different between Betta-Dn1 and PI 137739 or Betta-Dn2 and PI 262660; however, the same parameters were significantly lower on PI 294994 compared with Betta-Dn5. This indicated that aphid resistance in PI 137739 and PI 262660 was probably governed by a single dominant gene, while the resistance in PI 294994 was controlled by more than one gene. Additionally, plant biomass reduction was aphid density dependent, which suggested that use of appropriate aphid infestation level is important when using plant biomass reduction as an indicator of resistance. Plant resistance categorization showed that there was no detectable difference in antixenosis among the seven lines evaluated. However, the higher aphid fecundity observed on PI 262660 compared with PI 137739 and PI 294994, in addition to no significant differences among the three PIs in plant biomass reduction, suggested PI 262660 was a tolerant line, while PI 137739 and PI 294994 were antibiotic lines. Plant tolerance could not be elucidated among the three Betta isolines using aphid fecundity and plant biomass reduction as indicators.
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