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  • Evolution
  • Triticum aestivum
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  • 1
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    Die sowjetische Kolchos- und Dorfprosa der fuenfziger und sechziger Jahre (2021)
    Peter Lang International Academic Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Mit "Kolchosprosa" (kolchoznaja proza) und "Dorfprosa" (derevenskaja proza) greift die vorliegende Arbeit zwei im literarischen Leben der Sowjetunion entstandene Kategorien auf, die sich auf einander ablösende synchrone Schnitte im Evolutionsprozeß einer spezifischen literarischen Unterreihe beziehen. Die Grenze zwischen den beiden Schnitten entspricht ungefähr der Grenze zwischen den fünfziger und sechziger Jahren.
    Keywords: Dorfprosa ; einer ; Evolution ; fünfziger ; Jahre ; Kolchos ; literarischen ; Literaturwissenschaft ; Philologie ; Prosa ; Russland ; sechziger ; Slavische Sprachwissenschaft ; sowjetische ; Unterreihe ; Witte ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies
    Language: German
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  • 2
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    Guts and Brains (2021)
    Leiden University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The human brain and its one hundred billion neurons compose the most complex organ in the body and harness more than 20 per cent of all the energy we produce. Why do we have such large and energy-demanding brains, and how have we been able to afford such an expensive organ for thousands of years? Guts and Brains discusses the key variables at stake in such a question, including the relationship between brain size and diet, diet and social organization, and large brains and the human sexual division of labour. This interdisciplinary volume provides an entry for the reader into understanding the development of both early primates and our own species
    Description: Waarom hebben wij zulke grote en energie-vretende hersenen? Hoe kunnen we ons zo'n duur orgaan permitteren, en hoe deden Neandertalers dat, hun brein was immers minstens zo groot als dat van de moderne mens? In deze bundel behandelen vooraanstaande onderzoekers de verwevenheid van belangrijke variabelen in deze, bijvoorbeeld de relatie tussen dieet en hersengrootte bij primaten, tussen dieet en sociale organisatie, en tussen grote, "dure" hersenen en de sexe-gebonden arbeidsverdeling bij hedendaagse jagers-verzamelaars. De bijdragen in Guts and Brains laten zien dat kleine veranderingen in het dieet van onze verre voorouders grote gevolgen hadden voor hun manier van leven en uiteindelijk ook voor die van de moderne mens. Daarmee geeft de bundel ons niet alleen een beter inzicht in de levenswijze van vroege mensachtigen maar ook in die van die eigenaardige primaat die wij Homo sapiens noemen, onze eigen soort.
    Keywords: archeologie ; archeology ; anthropologie ; homo sapiens ; neandertals ; brains ; anthropology ; Brain size ; Evolution ; Foraging ; Hominini ; Predation ; Primate ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    The evolution of grounded spatial language (2021)
    Language Science Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This book presents groundbreaking robotic experiments on how and why spatial language evolves. It provides detailed explanations of the origins of spatial conceptualization strategies, spatial categories, landmark systems and spatial grammar by tracing the interplay of environmental conditions, communicative and cognitive pressures. The experiments discussed in this book go far beyond previous approaches in grounded language evolution. For the first time, agents can evolve not only particular lexical systems but also evolve complex conceptualization strategies underlying the emergence of category systems and compositional semantics. Moreover, many issues in cognitive science, ranging from perception and conceptualization to language processing, had to be dealt with to instantiate these experiments, so that this book contributes not only to the study of language evolution but to the investigation of the cognitive bases of spatial language as well.
    Keywords: robotic experiments ; spatial language ; spatial grammar ; Adjective ; Adverb ; Anatomical terms of location ; Chinese grammar ; Evolution ; Frame of reference ; Parsing ; Preposition and postposition ; Semantics ; Syntax ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Bloomsbury Scientists (2021)
    UCL Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Bloomsbury Scientists is the story of the network of scientists and artists living in a square mile of London before and after the First World War. This inspired group of men and women viewed creativity and freedom as the driving force behind nature, and each strove to understand this in their own inventive way. Their collective energy changed the social mood of the era and brought a new synthesis of knowledge to ideas in science and art. Class barriers were threatened as power shifted from the landed oligarchy to those with talent and the will to make a difference. A time of unexpected opportunities, from the new disciplines of Genetics and Ecology to Post-Impressionism and beyond, Michael Boulter seamlessly weaves together the stories originating from Bloomsbury’s laboratories, libraries and studios. He narrates the breakthroughs of scientists such as Ray Lankester and Marie Stopes alongside the creative outputs of H. G. Wells and Virginia Woolf, among many others, and intricately connects them all through personal friendships, grievances, quarrels and affections. Bloomsbury Scientists offers a fresh and crucial perspective on this history at a time when the complex relationship between science and art continues to be debated.
    Keywords: london ; history of science ; bloomsbury ; scientists ; Biology ; Charles Darwin ; Evolution ; Francis Galton ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DD Western Europe::1DDU United Kingdom, Great Britain ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Minimal Ethics for the Anthropocene (2021)
    Open Humanities Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Life typically becomes an object of reflection when it is seen to be under threat. In particular, humans have a tendency to engage in thinking about life (instead of just continuing to live it) when being confronted with the prospect of death: be it the death of individuals due to illness, accident or old age; the death of whole ethnic or national groups in wars and other forms of armed conflict; but also of whole populations, be they human or nonhuman. Even though Minimal Ethics for the Anthropocene is first and foremost concerned with life—understood as both a biological and social phenomenon—it is the narrative about the impending death of the human population (i.e., about the extinction of the human species), that provides a context for its argument. “Anthropocene” names a geo-historical period in which humans are said to have become the biggest threat to life on earth. However, rather than as a scientific descriptor, the term serves here primarily as an ethical injunction to think critically about human and nonhuman agency in the universe. Restrained in tone yet ambitious in scope, the book takes some steps towards outlining a minimal ethics thought on a universal scale. The task of such minimal ethics is to consider how humans can assume responsibility for various occurrences in the universe, across different scales, and how they can respond to the tangled mesh of connections and relations unfolding in it. Its goal is not so much to tell us how to live but rather to allow us to rethink “life” and what we can do with it, in whatever time we have left. The book embraces a speculative mode of thinking that is more akin to the artist’s method; it also includes a photographic project by the author.
    Keywords: anthropocene ; Ethics ; Evolution ; Henri Bergson ; Ontology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPQ Ethics & moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    The Earliest Europeans (2020)
    Oxbow Books | Oxbow Books
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Earliest Europeans explores the early origins of man in Europe through the perspective of ‘a year in the life’: how hominins in the Lower Palaeolithic coped with the year-round practical challenges of mid-latitude Europe with its distinctive temperatures, seasonality patterns, and available resources. Current research has provided increasingly robust archaeological and Quaternary Science records, but there are ongoing uncertainties as to both the earliest Europeans’ specific survival strategies and behaviours, and the character of their dispersals into Europe. In short, how sustained and ‘successful’ were the individual phases of European occupation by Lower Palaeolithic hominins and what sorts of ‘human’ where they?
    Keywords: Science ; Life Sciences ; Evolution ; History ; Europe ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Language Dispersal Beyond Farming (2021)
    John Benjamins Publishing Company
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Why do some languages wither and die, while others prosper and spread? Around the turn of the millennium a number of archaeologists such as Colin Renfrew and Peter Bellwood made the controversial claim that many of the world’s major language families owe their dispersal to the adoption of agriculture by their early speakers. In this volume, their proposal is reassessed by linguists, investigating to what extent the economic dependence on plant cultivation really impacted language spread in various parts of the world. Special attention is paid to "tricky" language families such as Eskimo-Aleut, Quechua, Aymara, Bantu, Indo-European, Transeurasian, Turkic, Japano-Koreanic, Hmong-Mien and Trans-New Guinea, that cannot unequivocally be regarded as instances of Farming/Language Dispersal, even if subsistence played a role in their expansion
    Keywords: Language ; Linguistics ; Theoretical ; Anthropology ; Evolution ; History ; Cognate ; Rice ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFF Historical and comparative linguistics
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    The Taming of Evolution (2023)
    Cornell University Press | Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The theory of evolution has clearly altered our views of the biological world, but in the study of human beings, evolutionary and preevolutionary views continue to coexist in a state of perpetual tension. The Taming of Evolution addresses the questions of how and why this is so. Davydd Greenwood offers a sustained critique of the nature/nurture debate, revealing the complexity of the relationship between science and ideology. He maintains that popular contemporary theories, most notably E. O. Wilson’s human sociobiology and Marvin Harris’s cultural materialism, represent pre-Darwinian notions overlaid by elaborate evolutionary terminology. Greenwood first details the humoral-environmental and Great Chain of Being theories that dominated Western thinking before Darwin. He systematically compares these ideas with those later influenced by Darwin’s theories, illuminating the surprising continuities between them. Greenwood suggests that it would be neither difficult nor socially dangerous to develop a genuinely evolutionary understanding of human beings, so long as we realized that we could not derive political and moral standards from the study of biological processes.
    Keywords: Evolution ; Social and cultural anthropology ; History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    From Darwinian Metaphysics towards Understanding the Evolution of Evolutionary Mechanisms (2021)
    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: Although Charles Darwin predicted that his theory “would give zest to [...] metaphysics,” even he would be astonished at the variety of paths his theory has in fact taken. This holds with regard to both gene-Darwinism, a purified Darwinian approach biologizing the social sciences, and process- Darwinism found in the disciplines of psychology, philosophy of science, and economics. Although Darwinism is often linked to highly confirmed biological theories, some of its interpretations seem to profit from tautological claims as well, where scientific reputation cloaks ideological usage. This book discusses central tenets of Darwinism historically as well as systematically, for example the history of different Darwinian paradigms, the units-of-selection debate, and the philosophical problem of induction as basis of metaphysical Darwinism. Crucially the book addresses the Darwinian claim that evolution is governed by an immutable and unrelentingly cruel law of natural selection. Paradoxically, Darwin’s theory is a static, non-evolutionary theory of evolution. The current book sketches the historical background and provides suggestions that may help to replace this approach by the idea of an evolution of evolutionary mechanisms (see Escher’s “Drawing Hands” on the cover). This view even suggests a tendency to overcome the blindness of the knowledge acquisition of primordial Darwinian processes and allows for some freedom from external environments. This book first develops a radically Darwinian approach, then criticises this approach from within. Even Darwinism has a tendency to transcend itself. Although the book addresses several empirical issues, it does not challenge particular findings. Instead it builds on many insights of Darwinism and provides a proposal for interpreting known empirical evidence in a different light. It should help pave the way for further developing an understanding of nature that transcends Darwinian metaphysics.
    Keywords: Darwinism ; Evolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Target and Non-Target Approaches for Food Authenticity and Traceability (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: Over the last few years, the subject of food authenticity and food fraud has received increasing attention from consumers and other stakeholders, such as government agencies and policymakers, control labs, producers, industry, and the research community. Among the different approaches aiming to identify, tackle, and/or deter fraudulent practices in the agri-food sector, the development of new, fast, and accurate methodologies to evaluate food authenticity is of major importance. This book, entitled “Target and Non-Target Approaches for Food Authenticity and Traceability”, gathers original research and review papers focusing on the development and application of both targeted and non-targeted methodologies applied to verify food authenticity and traceability. The contributions regard different foods, among which some are frequently considered as the most prone to adulteration, such as olive oil, honey, meat, and fish. This book is intended for readers aiming to enrich their knowledge through reading contemporary and multidisciplinary papers on the topic of food authentication.
    Keywords: COIBar–RFLP (cytochrome oxidase I barcode–restriction fragment length polymorphism) ; seafood ; fraud ; DNA barcoding ; food authenticity ; food adulteration ; food fraud ; donkey ; cytochrome b ; real-time PCR ; meat products ; honey ; regional origin ; chemometric analysis ; mineral content ; Montenegro ; Sepia ; common cuttlefish ; Sepia officinalis ; real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) ; species identification ; food authentication ; COI (Cytochrome Oxidase I) ; Olea europaea var Sylvestris ; oleaster ; olive ; olive oil ; adulteration ; SNP ; DNA ; virgin olive oil ; quality ; volatile compounds ; sensory analysis ; chemometrics ; anti food fraud ; Curcuma longa ; DNA markers ; SYBR-GREEN real-time PCR ; Zea mays ; pasta ; Triticum aestivum ; Triticum durum ; genetic traceability ; digital PCR ; semolina ; species ; truffle ; Tuber spp. ; species differentiation ; near-infrared spectroscopy ; red deer ; roe deer ; water deer ; multiplex PCR ; capillary electrophoresis ; perilla ; sesame ; geographic origin ; metabolomics ; multivariate analysis ; metabolite profiling ; quantification ; chicken ; guinea fowl ; pheasant ; quail ; turkey ; authentication ; authenticity ; chemometric ; fish ; origin ; meat ; milk ; spectroscopy ; 1H-NMR ; GC-MS ; HPLC-UV/VIS ; protein hydrolysate ; free amino acid contents ; ProHydrAdd ; monofloral honey ; direct analysis in real time (DART) ; high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) ; geographical origin ; Ginkgo biloba ; plant infusions ; real-time polymerase chain reaction ; DNA extraction ; opium poppy ; seed ; pollen grains ; bakery product ; oil ; PCR ; Salmo salar L. ; fatty acids ; mislabeling ; machine learning ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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