ALBERT

Description: In the report “Towards Our Common Digital Future”, the WBGU makes it clear that sustainability strategies and concepts need to be fundamentally further developed in the age of digitalization. Only if digital change and the Transformation towards Sustainability are synchronized can we succeed in advancing climate and Earth-system protection and in making social progress in human development. Without formative political action, digital change will further accelerate resource and energy consumption, and exacerbate damage to the environment and the climate. It is therefore an urgent political task to create the conditions needed to place digitalization at the service of sustainable development.

Description: Das Gutachten „Unsere gemeinsame digitale Zukunft“ macht deutlich, dass Nachhaltigkeitsstrategien und -konzepte im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung grundlegend weiterentwickelt werden müssen. Nur wenn der digitale Wandel und die Transformation zur Nachhaltigkeit konstruktiv verzahnt werden, kann es gelingen, Klima- und Erdsystemschutz sowie soziale Fortschritte menschlicher Entwicklung voranzubringen. Ohne aktive politische Gestaltung wird der digitale Wandel den Ressourcen- und Energieverbrauch sowie die Schädigung von Umwelt und Klima weiter beschleunigen. Daher ist es eine vordringliche politische Aufgabe, Bedingungen dafür zu schaffen, die Digitalisierung in den Dienst nachhaltiger Entwicklung zu stellen.

Description: The decomposition of pyrope-rich garnet into spinel-amphibole symplektite and the alteration of the latter into chlorite indicate the presence of three successive mineral parageneses in the peridotite of Alpe Arami: a garnet-peridotite, a spinelamphibole-peridotite, and a chlorite-peridotite association. Titanclinohumite may be a relict mineral from an older assemblage. The peridotite lens lies between gneisses of the root zone of the Pennine nappes of the Alps. The main phase of metamorphism (F1) of these gneisses is of Alpine age. They have a steeply southward-dipping schistosity (S1). In the peridotite, chlorite nodules deriving from altered garnets are flattened parallel to the schistosity planes of the surrounding gneisses; the formation of chlorite was contemporaneous with F1. S1-planes are also present as cleavage planes. Due to quantitative differences in the mineralogical composition of the peridotite, a layering plane (S1) can be observed; it may show a mineral lineation (10). In the southern part of the peridotite lens, SL is subparallel to S1 and 10 pitches steeply to the west, whereas in the northern part SL dips moderately to the north, with 10 plunging to the north.\nPetrofabric analysis shows that the orientation of the garnet-peridotite minerals is dependent on the orientation of SL: \\u03b3-olivine and \\u03b2-orthopyroxene are perpendicular to SL; the orientation of olivine is weaker than the orthopyroxene orientation, \\u03b3-orthopyroxene and c-clinopyroxene are parallel to 10 (= 1\xe2\x80\x990). The alteration of garnet-peridotite into spinel-amphiboleperidotite is related to schistosity planes S0 that are mostly parallel to SL. SL/S0-fold axes are parallel to 10-lineations. In the spinel-amphibole-peridotites, \\u03b3-olivine is perpendicular to S0, and \\u03b3-orthopyroxene and c-amphibole are parallel to 10 (= 1""0). The fabrics of olivine, orthopyroxene, and amphibole are not affected by the transformation of spinel-amphibole- into chloriteperidotite, except for the olivine fabric of a chlorite-peridotite-mylonite. The garnet-peridotite fabric is inconsistent with a magmatic genesis. It may have been brought about by plastic deformation followed by recrystallization. The formation of the garnet-peridotite and its alteration into spinel-amphibole-peridotite took place before the emplacement of the peridotite into its present position, which occurred during the Alpine orogeny. The garnet-peridotite may represent a fragment of old basement material, or it may have been formed by a phase of high-pressure metamorphism of Alpine age, which antedated F1. Petrofabric analysis of biaxial minerals should preferably be done with a five-axis universal stage. Fabric diagrams can be prepared with a computer. Calculation of statistical parameters removes uncertainties from the interpretation of the diagrams.

Description: In our meeting Dynamic Earth – from Alfred Wegener to today and beyond we will review how Wegener‘s findings evolved into to modern Earth system science including its impact on climate and the Earth surface, and how this system affects our daily life: where humans live, what risks we are exposed to, where we find our resources. In the meeting we will hold sessions that cover the entire geoscience spectrum (from mineral physics over solid earth geodynamics to the climate sciences) and that explore the consequences of Wegeners findings on how humans use our planet today (from energy and mineral resources over georisks to utilisation of the subsurface and materials for modern society). We have invited keynote speakers that are eminent international scientists in these fields. In events open to the general public we will get an account of Wegeners final trip to Greenland on the history of science of his hypothesis.

Description: The MT repository contains geophysical data sets collected in field experiments from all over the world. The acronym MT stands for magnetotelluric, a geophysical method used to probe the Earth's deep interior for its electrical conductivity distribution through electromagnetic (EM) induction. MT is based on EM fields generated by natural processes in the Earth's atmosphere and magnetosphere. But the repository also contains data from Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) projects, for which man-made EM sources are used. The principle form of data in the repository are time-series of EM field components acquired with heterogeneous sets of sensors, recording instruments, and sampling rates. It is the main purpose of this archive or repository to provide the links between the data and their physical meaning by means of metadata. To achieve this, the repository is organized as a combination of data files and associated meta-data in a well defined folder (directory) structure, with the data files being sorted into subfolders. Meta-data are provided as XML (Extensible Markup Language) formatted file.

Description: The coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi is a microalga with biogeochemical and biotechnological relevance, due to its high abundance in the ocean and its ability to form intricate calcium carbonate structures. Depletion of macronutrients in oceanic waters is very common and will likely enhance with advancing climate change. We present the first comprehensive metabolome study analyzing the effect of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) starvation on the diploid and haploid life-cycle stage, applying various metabolome analysis methods to gain new insights in intracellular mechanisms to cope with nutrient starvation. P-starvation led to an accumulation of many generic and especially N-rich metabolites, including lipids, osmolytes, and pigments. This suggests that P-starvation primarily arrests cell-cycling due to lacking P for nucleic acid synthesis, but that enzymatic functionality is widely preserved. Also, the de-epoxidation ratio of the xanthophyll cycle was upregulated in the diploid stage under P-starvation, indicating increased nonphotochemical quenching, a response typically observed under high light stress. In contrast, N-starvation resulted in a decrease of most central metabolites, also P-containing ones, especially in the diploid stage, indicating that most enzymatic functionality ceased. The two investigated nutrient starvation conditions caused significantly different responses, contrary to previous assumptions derived from transcriptomic studies. Data highlight that instantaneous biochemical flux is a more dominant driver of the metabolome than the transcriptomically rearranged pathway patterns. Due to the fundamental nature of the observed responses it may be speculated that microalgae with similar nutrient requirements can cope better with P-starvation than with N-starvation.