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  • 101
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VBQ 900 ; VBQ 800 ; VEO 170 ; Hydrogeologie einzelner Regionen ; Aquifere {Hydrogeologie} ; Sudan {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 133 S.
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  • 102
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 549 ; VHB 850 ; VGF 200 ; Kettensilikate {Mineralogie} ; Phasengleichgewichte und Umbildungen {Mineralogie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 103
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In the unglaciated areas of Antarctica, lake sediments act as archives of the regional environmental and climatic history. In most cases, the records are restricted to the Holocene. Amongst the few exceptions are lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, southern Victoria Land, which are known to have remained mostly ice-free during the Last Glacial Maximum. Within the scope of an U.S.-American-German expedition in austral summer 2002/2003, several sediment cores were recovered from the three major lakes in the Taylor Valley: lakes Fryxell, Hoare, and Bonney. In order to reconstruct the late Quaternary regional environmental and climate history, sedimentological, biogeochemical, mineralogical, and chronological investigations were conducted on the sediment sequences recovered from Lake Hoare (core Lz1020) and East Lake Bonney (core Lz1023) within the scope of this thesis. Sediment cores from Lake Hoare with a maximum length of 2.3 m mainly consist of coarse-grained material and penetrate back into the late Weichselian, when Taylor Valley was occupied by the large proglacial Lake Washburn. This lake was dammed by the advanced Ross Sea ice sheet at the valley outlet and was mainly fed by meltwater of the ice sheet. During the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, enhanced evaporation led to a significant lake level drop of Lake Washburn ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; 550 ; TWC 500 ; VDI 200 ; VAU 000 ; VEY 200 ; VBN 500 ; VBL 500 ; Klimaschwankungen und Klimaänderungen im Quartär ; Quartär ; Paläolimnologie {Geologie} ; Antarktis {Geologie} ; Geochronologie einzelner Regionen im allgemeinen ; Geologische Bohrungen in einzelnen Regionen
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 121 S.
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  • 104
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Eleven lakes and ponds and three lacustrine sediment sequences from coastal East and North-East Greenland were studied for recent hydrological and phytoplankton characteristics and for palaeolimnology, respectively. The limnological survey of lakes and ponds from Store Koldewey in summer 2003 revealed cold, monomictic, thermally unstratified, alkaline and likely oligotrophic water bodies. The diatom phytoplankton, present in six lakes and dominated by four species, varied distinctly between the lakes. The results give information about the recent status of the ecology of these High Arctic freshwater bodies. The sediment sequences were investigated for their chronology, changes in physical and biogeochemical properties, macro- and microfossils, grain-size distribution and in the case of one sequence for its elemental profiles using XRF. The palaeolimnological studies address different time intervals at various temporal resolutions with particular attention to the latitudinal differences of late Quaternary climatic and environmental changes along the coast of East and North-East Greenland. The results include information about the Late Weichselian ice-front environments on southern Store Koldewey with information about the temporal and spatial evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet margin west of the island ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; 550 ; TWC 500 ; VDI 200 ; VAU 000 ; VEY 110 ; VBN 500 ; VBL 500 ; Klimaschwankungen und Klimaänderungen im Quartär ; Quartär ; Paläolimnologie {Geologie} ; Grönland {Geologie} ; Geochronologie einzelner Regionen im allgemeinen ; Geologische Bohrungen in einzelnen Regionen
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 148 S.
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  • 105
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Triaxial compression experiments were performed on the synthesized samples and Fe-bearing clinopyroxenite in a solid medium apparatus at a confining pressure of 0.75 to 2.5 GPa, temperatures 900 to 1175oC, and strain rates between 1.1x10-6 s-1 to 8.5x 10-5 s-1. Samples of calcic compositions deformed at high differential stresses reveal abundant mechanical (100)[001] twins, whereas jadeite aggregates deformed at low differential stress show well developed subgrain boundaries. Combining the mechanical data and observed microstructures for deformed synthetic samples reveal that the deformation of diopside aggregates is controlled by dislocation glide, while the kinetics of dislocation climb controls the deformation of jadeite aggregates. The variation in strength with composition obeys scaling by the dependence of melting temperature and shear modulus on composition. In contrast to climb-controlled deformation, glide-controlled deformation should be insensitive to impurity concentrations.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 549 ; TQL 000 ; VAE 140 ; VGF 300 ; Sonstige Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Gesteinsdeformation {Strukturgeologie} ; Experimentelle Mineralogie
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 99 S.
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  • 106
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    Univ. Bochum
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Löslichkeitsdaten gesteinsbildender Minerale unter hohen Drücken sind für unser Verständnis von Fluideigenschaften und Massentransport von Mineralen in der Erdkruste und oberen Mantel von großer Wichtigkeit. In dieser Arbeit wurden neue in situ Masseverlust Methoden entwickelt um Löslichkeiten zu bestimmen, die dann in einer hydrothermalen Diamant Stempel Zelle getestet wurden. In der ersten Methode wird die Tendenz von Kristallen ausgenutzt während eines Experiments eine idiomorphe Form anzunehmen. Die zweite Methode basiert auf Messung und Analyse der Doppelbrechung eines Kristalls um dessen Dicke zu bestimmen. Masseverluste von wenigen æg können so bestimmt werden. Beide Methoden sind bis in den ppm Bereich anwendbar. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit tragen sowohl zu unserem technischen Verständnis von Hockdruck/Hochtemperatur Equipment bei als auch zu unserem allgemeinen Verständnis der chemischen Eigenschaften von Fluiden in Hochdruck Umgebungen wie z.B. in Subduktionszonen.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 549 ; TQL 000 ; VGF 300 ; VAE 140 ; Sonstige Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Experimentelle Mineralogie ; Gesteinsdeformation {Strukturgeologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 232 S.
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  • 107
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    Univ. Bremen
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This thesis describes the adaptive shallow water model PLASMA-FEMmE. It solves on the sphere the shallow water equations, the prototype for partial differential equations in atmospheric modeling, using a semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian time step and linear finite elements. Both statically and dynamically adapted grids created by the grid generator amatos are investigated. The results are compared with those of the predecessor model FEMmE that uses a static uniform grid. The outcome demonstrates the capability of the chosen approach as well as its limits. Grid adaptation can easily be achieved with amatos. No reflexions at the grid interfaces are observed. Though in one test case instabilities are released at the grid interfaces. The numerical errors are reduced without a considerable enhancement of the computational effort in another test case with a well-known analytical solution. In respect to the conservation properties the results are more complicated. Mass conservation can be achieved in one test case with an appropriate static grid. In case of complex flow regimes all conservation properties are weakened during the simulation using dynamic grid adaptation...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 532.5 ; 551.46 ; 550 ; Meteorologische Modelle ; Fluiddynamik {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 135 S.
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  • 108
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The polar ice sheets are unique paleoclimatic archives and play an important role in recent and future climate. The melting of the big freshwater reservoirs will not only increase the global sea level, but will also influence the ocean currents. Therefore, it will be of particular interest to improve the currently available numeric climate models to achieve more accurate statements about climatic change and its consequences. In this work, the evaluation and the different applications of GPS and altimetry data will be described in respect to enhance models. The antarctic area of investigation, Dronning Maud Land (DML), is of particular interest for German polar research, because both the overwintering station Neumayer and the summer station Kohnen are located within it. In the surroundings of these two stations, highly accurate kinematic GPS measurement were made, which will be the basis for the digital elevation model presented here. Because these data are spatially limited, they are supplemened with remotely sensed data. For this purpose, two airborne altimetry data sets and spaceborne laser altimetry data of the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) are used...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.312 ; 551 ; 550 ; TWC 600 ; VAR 980 ; TQI 000 ; TSY 200 ; Geophysikalische Satellitenfernerkundung ; Antarktis {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 140 S.
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  • 109
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Marine sediments, diagenesis, anoxic environments, paleomagnetism, low-temperature magnetism, magnetic Fe-Ti-Oxides. - Magnetic particles usually occur in very minor concentrations in igneous and sedimentary rocks, soils, volcanic ashes, dusts and even in living organisms. Many of these magnetic grains are capable of carrying a stable permanent magnetization and therefore act as recorders of the recent and ancient Earth's magnetic field. Thus paleomagnetism refers to the study of this remanent magnetization in sedimentary and volcanic rocks through time. From this magnetization, directional intensity information can be recovered concerning the geomagnetic field that prevailed at the sample location at the time of the rock formation. The magnetic parameter on which such paleomagnetic studies are based is the natural remanent magnetization (NRM). In continental margin regions the remanence acquisition process is often complicated by post-depositional modifications of the original magnetic material. After deposition magnetic minerals can be altered or new magnetic phases can be formed. Consequently the original NRM might be obscured or even fully erased. The process of diagenesis and authigenesis may thus seriously compromise paleomagnetic interpretation. Therefore our knowledge of the geomagnetic field behavior based on sediment records from continental margin regions remains limited. To obtain fully reliable information about the geomagnetic field or paleoenvironmental conditions from continental margin regions, the effect of early diagenetic processes occurring after deposition of the sediment must be understood in detail.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.4686 ; 538.727 ; 550 ; TOT 320 ; VKB 380 ; TSZ 100 ; Paläomagnetismus {Geophysik} ; Sedimente bestimmter Regionen ; Atlantischer Ozean {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 113 S.
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  • 110
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The main aim of this work was to obtain an approximate solution of the seismic traveltime tomography problems with the help of splines based on reproducing kernel Sobolev spaces. In order to be able to apply the spline approximation concept to surface wave as well as to body wave tomography problems, the spherical spline approximation concept was extended for the case where the domain of the function to be approximated is an arbitrary compact set in R^n and a finite number of discontinuity points is allowed. We present applications of such spline method to seismic surface wave as well as body wave tomography, and discuss the theoretical and numerical aspects of such applications. Moreover, we run numerous numerical tests that justify the theoretical considerations.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 622.15 ; 550 ; TOH 130 ; TQC 100 ; Signalanalyse {Seismologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 111
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Anaerobe Oxidation of Methane, AOM, methanotrophy, stable isotope labeling, stable isotope probing, carbon assimilation, flow-through columns, ANME, Seep-SRB, Gullfaks, Tommeliten. - Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) performed by consortia of methanotrophic archaea (ANME) and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) is the major sink of methane in marine sediments. This thesis describes methane consumption at two of the most active North Sea cold seeps (Gullfaks, Tommeliten), their microbial community and the resulting lipid biomarker patterns. Experiments in flow-through setups are presented, focusing on physiological parameters of AOM activity such as different methane and sulfate concentrations and on the tolerance of AOM to starvation periods. The roles of inorganic carbon (DIC) and methane as carbon sources for the microbial community performing AOM were examined combining stable isotope probing and lipid biomarker analyses. For archaea substantial uptake of carbon from DIC and methane was found, indicting a novel carbon assimilation pathway. Biomass from SRB was exclusively labeled by DIC indicating a methane dependent, but autotrophic growth consortial SRB.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.9
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 153 S.
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  • 112
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    Univ. Bremen
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Black Sea, seafloor seepage, mud volcanoes, seeps, fluid migration, gas hydrates, diapirs. - The Black Sea is the worldwide largest anoxic basin with thick gas rich sediments facilitating seafloor seepage, which is widely distributed along the continental slopes of the Black Sea. In two areas, the Sorokin Trough off Crimea and at the continental slope off Batumi (Georgia), the distribution, structure and evolution of two different vent systems and their relation to fluid migration pathways and gas/gas hydrate occurrences have been investigated by means of high resolution multichannel seismic data. In both regions, the distribution of seafloor seepage is controlled by fluid migration along permeable pathways associated with diapiric uplift in the subsurface. In the Sorokin Trough, seepage is expressed by intensive material upflow and the formation of mud volcanoes; offshore Batumi, gas seeps with low material flux dominate. In the Sorokin Trough, most mud volcanoes are associated with near-subsurface mud diapirs. The great morphological variability of the mud volcanoes reflects different driving mechanisms, which depend on the availability of permeable fluid migration pathways and the depositional environment. A 3D seismic dataset images the detailed three-dimensional ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.466 ; 550 ; TSZ 100 ; VAT 300 ; VEZ 120 ; TQC 600 ; Atlantischer Ozean {Geophysik} ; Geologie des Meeresboden ; Randmeere {Geologie} ; Tiefseeseismik {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 154 S.
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  • 113
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The launch of the champ mission in 2000 has renewed interest in the recovery of the geopotential field from satellite observations which has been a challenging research issue for decades. It was the first dedicated gravity field mission which was followed by the grace spacecrafts. In the grace mission, the high-low (hl-) and the low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking (ll-sst) observations are combined and the resultant observables are expressed in terms of the gravity gradient at the barycenter of two satellites. Each observation at its respective evaluation point can be written in terms of the spherical harmonic coefficients. Consequently, the observations are a sequence of discrete time series which are mathematically related to the unknown coefficients via the corresponding position of the satellites at the evaluation epoch. In this approach, which is called time-wise approach, the determination of unknown coeficients becomes possible after plugging the observations into the mathematical model. Fulfilling the sampling theorem, however, leads to a huge linear system of equations with a large number of unknowns. As an alternative, one can employ the semi-analytical approach which is derived from the time-wise approach by imposing some approximations. Observations are still considered as discrete time series on an ideal geometry with a constant radius and/or constant inclination. The coeficients are reordered and then computed via the lumped coefficients or using 2d fft.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 521.1 ; TJF 215 ; TJF 215 ; UNF 000 ; Satellitendynamik {Weltraumforschung: Künstliche Satelliten} ; Satellitengeodäsie
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 172 S.
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  • 114
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die physikalischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften von tonartigen Materialien, die für die Skalierung von Analogexperimenten relevant sind, werden mit Hilfe von Konzepten der modernen Bodenmechanik analysiert. Ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung dieser Eigenschaften wird vorgestellt. Skalierte Tonexperimente mit Riedelschem Mechanismus wurden durchgeführt. Sie erzeugen typische Pull-apart Strukturen entlang Riedel Frakturen sowie Push-up Strukturen in dazwischen liegenden Flachen. Die Scherfestigkeit und die Dicke des Tonkuchens beeinflussen sowohl die Geometrie der Scherzonen als die benötigte Hauptverschiebungsgröße für die Entstehung der Riedel Scherfrakturen an der Oberflache des Tonkuchens. Pull-apart Becken, die durch Riedelschen Mechanismus erzeugt wurden, lassen sich auf der Insel Gozo (Strait of Sicily rift zone) beobachten. Die gleichzeitige Entwicklung der Push-up Horste ist im komplexen Blattverschiebungsbecken des Meers von Marmara zu finden.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.8 ; VAE 130 ; VAE 400 ; Geomechanik ; Tektogenese {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 115
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    Univ. Hamburg
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Levantine Basin - a seismic investigation of the crustal structure and the evolution of the Messinian evaporites ABSTRACT This work presents an analysis of the crustal structure of the Levantine Basin, based on refraction seismic and gravity data, and an analysis of the evolution of the Messinian evaporites, based on reflection seismic data. Forward and inverse modelling of refraction seismic traveltimes along two profiles yielded 2-D velocity-depth-profiles. Gravity modelling along these profiles provided further information on the crustal structure. A great number of reflection seismic profiles was used for the analysis of the Messinian evaporites, which allowed an exhaustive investigation of the geometry of the evaporite layers, depositional phases of the evaporites and of their structural evolution. The Levantine Basin is located in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea. The basin and its margin are key areas for the understanding of the geodynamic evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. The opening of the Levantine Basin is closely related to the opening of the Neo-Tethys. Many geodynamic reconstructions of this area have been developed, but the key question, the origin of the crust, remained open. The Levantine Basin is also a world class site for studying the initial stages of salt tectonics driven by differential sediment load. The Messinian evaporites are comparatively young (deposited during the Messinian Salinity Crisis 5.9 - 5.3 Ma ago), the sediment load varies along the basin margin, they are hardly tectonically overprinted, and the geometry of the basin and the overburden is well-defined...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 550 ; TSF 000 ; VAE 820 ; VEF 000 ; Südeuropa und Mittelmeergebiet {Geophysik} ; Sedimentationsbecken als Erdkrustentypen {Geologie} ; Südeuropa und Mittelmeergebiet {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 116
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Eine der entscheidenden Hauptquellen für Unsicherheiten von Klimaprojektionen ist, wie sensitiv das Klimasystem auf Änderungen der Strahlungsbilanz der Erde reagiert. Angesichts des kontinuierlichen Anstiegs der atmosphärischen Treibhausgaskonzentrationen ist die Einschränkung des Unsicherheitsbereichs dieser Sensitivität von entscheidender Bedeutung. Ein häufig verwendetes Maß zur Beschreibung dieser charakteristischen Kenngröße von Klimamodellen ist die sogenannte Klimasensitivität, definiert als die Gleichgewichtsänderung der simulierten globalen Mitteltemperatur, welche sich aus einer Verdoppelung des atmosphärischen CO2-Gehalts ergibt...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.6 ; TWC 100 ; TVH 100
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 107 S.
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  • 117
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    Univ. Paderborn
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Transport processes play an important role in many natural phenomena. Prominent examples are the chaotic advection of fluid particles in geophysical flows or the transport of asteroids and comets in the solar system. Similar transport mechanisms are also at work in chemical physics explaining for example the transition between different conformations of molecules or the kinematics of chemical reactions. Therefore, in the numerical analysis of such dynamical systems one is interested in the identification of those regions in phase space that are involved in the transport process. In this context, invariant manifolds of hyperbolic objects play a crucial role as these structures are known to form natural barriers to transport ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 550.28 ; 523 ; 550 ; TOW 000 ; Fluiddynamik {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 142 S.
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  • 118
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Ozone, balloon-borne measurements, atmospheric trace gases, concentration profiles, climate change. - In the frame of this work, a new small-size balloon-borne sonde was developed. A miniature grating spectrometer in the sonde measures simultaneously the solar spectral irradiance at a wide wavelength range from 200 to 850. As a first application, ozone profiles have been determined by measuring the changes in the spectral irradiance, caused by ozone absorption in the Huggins band. The wide spectral coverage of the spectrometer offers the possibility for measurements of other trace gases which absorb within the wavelength range, e.g. NO2 and BrO. The low weight of the new sonde (1.7 kg), the moderate price, and the autonomous portable telemetry system makes it a very versatile tool for satellite validation and for case studies, which requires a high number of launches. The newly developed sonde works well without temperature stabilisation, even so the spectrometer experiences rather large temperature changes (15 - 20 K) during the ascent through the atmosphere. Laboratory measurements were performed in ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.5 ; 551.8 ; 550
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 148 S.
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  • 119
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Verknüpfung von manuellen und automatischen Inversionmethoden für die Interpretation gravimetrischer Anomalien. Eine neue Software mit dem Namen 3GRAINS wird vorgestellt. Sie wurde für das manuelle Modellieren entwickelt und benutzt rechteckförmige Prismen zur Berechnung des gravimetrischen Effekts eines Modells. Die Software bietet eine graphische Benutzeroberfläche, um eine komfortable Arbeit mit einer modellierten Struktur zu ermöglichen. Ein automatischer Inversionsalgorithmus basiert auf der Idee der evolutionären Berechnung. Die dargestellten Methoden werden auf die Interpretation der gravimetrischen Anomalien der Hellenischen Subduktionszone angewendet. Die tektonische Situation dieser Region und seismische Beobachtungen werden vorgestellt. Der Prozess der Datengewinnung und der Datenbearbeitung wird beschrieben. Schließlich werden die Ergebnisse der Interpretation der gravimetrischen Anomalien präsentiert.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; 622.15 ; 550 ; TOF 000 ; TQA 000 ; TSF 300 ; VAE 880 ; VEF 300 ; Schwerkraft {Geophysik} ; Gravimetrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Griechenland und griechische Inseln {Geophysik} ; Passive und aktive Kontinentalränder {Geologie} ; Griechenland und griechische Inseln {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 139 S.
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  • 120
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Central Asia is characterized by a number of spectacular tectonic units such as the Tibetan Plateau, the Tien Shan intra-continental mountain belt and the Altyn Tagh strike-slip fault. Deformation of the lithosphere of these units is not well understood. In this dissertation, an attempt is made to answer the following tectonic questions: To what extent do the tectonic units formed in the upper crust in the course of the convergence between India and Eurasia weaken the underlying lithosphere? How is the Tibetan Plateau gravita-tionally compensated along its northern boundary? Do the Altyn Tagh and/or West Kunlun faults persist as vertical strike-slips throughout the crust and mantle lithosphere, thus representing a fundamental plate boundary? Which dynamic processes in the crust and mantle of the Tien Shan are responsible for intra-continental mountain building? What characterizes the local stress field in the Tien Shan and what causes the deformation of these mountains? To answer these questions, the elastic plate theory is used to interpret gravity and topography data, and in turn to derive specific characteristics of the lithospheric structure in Central Asia. Theoretical deflection of the elastic plate or plates were calculated using the 3D and 2D finite-difference methods. Variable-rigidity elastic plates are subjected to vertical and horizontal loads, shear forces, and terminal bending moments. Surface topo-graphic data from the Topo30 dataset is used as vertical surface loading to calculate the flexure of the elastic lithosphere...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.8 ; 622.15 ; 551 ; 550 ; VAE 400 ; VEK 000 ; TQA 000 ; TSK 000 ; VAE 400 ; VEK 000 ; TQA 000 ; TSK 000 ; Tektogenese {Geologie} ; Zentralasien {Geologie} ; Gravimetrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Zentralasien {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 136 Bl.
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  • 121
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Mit der Annahme schwacher Anisotropie vereinfachen sich die Lösungen der Modellierung und Inversion anisotroper Medien. Üblicherweise werden Perturbation-Methoden zur Beschreibung der Wellen-Ausbreitung in schwach anisotropen Medien verwendet, ein anisotropes Medium wird ersetzt durch ein isotropes Hintergrundmodell. Hier lässt sich die Wellenausbreitung leicht behandeln und die anisotropen Effekte werden mit Hilfe der Perturbations-Methode berechnet. Um die jeder Perturbations-Methode anhaftenden Fehler zu minimieren, sollte das gewählte isotrope Hintergrundmedium dem korrektem anisotropen Medium so ähnlich wie möglich sein. Zur Bestimmung des optimalen isotropen Mediums wurden Formeln für sektoriell best angepasste isotrope Medien entwickelt. Deren Anwendung wurde anhand von Modellen mit transversal isotropen und orthorombischen Symmetrien gezeigt...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.22 ; 550 ; Seismische Wellen {Geophysik} ; Übertragungsmedien {Seismologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 134 S.
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  • 122
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In dieser Studie wird das Potential von Indentationsexperimenten bei erhöhten Temperaturen in der Gesteinsmechanik erkundet. Mikrohärtemessungen mit einem pyramidenförmigen Indenter werden an Olivin- und Klinopyroxen-Körnern innerhalb eines Gesteinsaggregates durchgeführt. Die Abhängigkeit der Härte der Olivin-Kristalle von der Kristallorientierung wird untersucht und die Orientierung von Gleitstufen auf der Probenoberfläche verwendet, um die während der Indentationsexperimente aktivierten Gleitsysteme zu ermitteln. Mikrohärtemessungen an Jadeit und Diopsid dienen dazu, die relative Festigkeit dieser Mitglieder einer Mischkristallreihe zu analysieren. Indentationskriechexperimente mit einem zylindrischen Indenter werden verwendet, um das rheologische Verhalten einer Legierung zu untersuchen, die als Modelmaterial für ein silikatisches Gesteinsaggregat dient. Die Ergebnisse dieser Tests an der TiAl-Legierung werden mit denen einachsiger Kriechversuche am gleichen Material verglichen.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.1 ; 550 ; VAE 140 ; VAE 120 ; VBB 000 ; VAE 140 ; VAE 120 ; VBB 000 ; Gesteinsdeformation {Strukturgeologie} ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Experimentelle Geologie
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 78 S.
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  • 123
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Sea ice is a very important component of the climate system. While the Arctic sea ice extent has retreated during the past 20 years, it has remained constant in the Antarctic. In order to better understand the role of sea ice in the climate system in the context of global warming currently used coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Global Circulation Models have to be improved. This requires to know the sea ice concentration C for a long period for both hemispheres and at the best possible spatial resolution. Currently used methods to obtain C like the NASA Team (NT) algorithm are based on data acquired by the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) at 19 and 37GHz. The SEA LION (SL) algorithm presented here allows to infer C from the polarization P at 85GHz taking advantage of the higher spatial resolution at this frequency. However, the decrease of P caused by the weather influence leads to an overestimation of C. Therefore, P is corrected using a radiative transfer model and atmospheric data taken from Numerical Weather Prediction models and/or derived from SSM/I measurements. The various sea ice and snow properties are considered calculating monthly sea ice tie points. The average standard deviation of C derived with the SL algorithm is 12% for C 〈 50% and below 5% for C 〉 90%. The SL ice edge agrees within 10km with the one evident in VIS/IR images. The SL ice concentration gradient across the marginal ice zone (MIZ) agrees much better with the one evident in SAR images compared to results of the NT algorithm. Using the higher spatial resolution at 85GHz the SL algorithm allows to detect smaller open water areas than known algorithms. A major limitation of the SL algorithm arises from the quality of atmospheric data needed for the weather correction. A spatial resolution of these data lower than the 85GHz SSM/I channels and/or a time lag larger than half an hour between both data sets can cause relative errors above 100%, particulary in the cloud-covered parts of the MIZ.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 550.28 ; 551.31 ; 550 ; TWH 500 ; TWC 100 ; Einfluss von Eis {Klimatologie} ; Instr. Ergebn. zu Klimaänderungen und Klimaschwankungen
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 186 S.
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  • 124
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.5 ; 550 ; TUA 700 ; TVH 300 ; Verfahren zur Untersuchung der freien Atmosphäre {Meteorologie} ; Lufttemperatur {Meteorologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 153 S.
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  • 125
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Isla Margarita (Venezuela) am Südrand der Karibischen Platte besteht aus einem heterogenen Krustenkomplex aus Peridotiten, Metamorphiten, diversen Magmatiten und sedimentärem Deckgebirge. Die jüngsten Magmatite sind Lamprophyrgänge und Gabbros basaltisch-andesitischer Zusammensetzung, deren hoher Anteil an kompatiblen Elementen und intermediärer Zusammensetzung auf starke Fraktionierung bei relativ hohen partiellen Aufschmelzgraden deutet. Variable Anreicherung an leichten Seltenen Erden und LILE sowie erhöhte Strontium- und Blei-Isotopenverhältnisse lassen auf eine zusätzliche Subduktionskomponente schließen. Die Entstehung der Magmen und die zeitliche Einordnung der Platznahme sind wichtige Anhaltspunkte für die Aufschlüsselung der tektonischen Entwicklung des Südrandes der Karibischen Platte und erlauben eine Korrelation mit plattentektonischen Modellen.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 552.1 ; 551.701 ; 550 ; VBN 500 ; VKB 130 ; VEW 200 ; Geochronologie einzelner Regionen im allgemeinen ; Petrologie der Ganggesteine ; Karibischer Raum {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 233 S.
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  • 126
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Carbon export; SeaWiFS; variability; upwelling; Atlantic Ocean; chlorophyll filament; SeaWiFS; SST. - The North Atlantic off NW Africa is characterized by the trade wind induced upwelling of cold and nutrient rich waters. As one of most strongest eastern boundary upwelling areas it is marked by low sea surface temperature and high bio-production, both subject to strong seasonal and interannual variations.Satellite measurements of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in the upper water-column were used to (a) recognize the upwelling of deep water and its distribution and mixing in the surface, (b) identify the development of phytoplankton blooms and (c) provide further insights in the characteristics of its variations.Measurements of surface Chl-a were compared to deep-sea fluxes of organic carbon in order to determine the relationship between both parameters and to further calculate the export of Corg and the export variation strength.The off-shore extension of SST-defined upwelling from 1988 through 1999 between 18ʿ and 25ʿN shows maxima in January and May/June with an average area of 140,000 km2 (standard deviation of 20,000 km2). Minima in August exhibit an extension of 43,000 km2 (15,000 km2 standard deviation). A correlation between ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 910 ; UKB 100 ; Nordatlantik {Regionale Ozeanologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 127
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    Univ. Flensburg
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 333.7 ; QGS 200 ; Äthiopien {Geographie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 138 S.
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  • 128
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 333.7 ; QGK 700 ; Indonesien {Geographie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 129
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; UNC 300 ; Höhe {Praktische Geodäsie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 163 S.
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  • 130
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 523 ; 550 ; TFG 000 ; TG 800 ; TGC 900 ; Magnetohydrodynamik und Plasma-Astrophysik ; Heliosphäre {Astronomie} ; Solar-terrestrische Erscheinungen {Astronomie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 189 S.
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  • 131
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 890 ; VAE 130 ; VBE 000 ; TOE 000 ; TSX 500 ; VEX 500 ; Ozeanische Kruste {Tektonik} ; Geomechanik ; Modellierung von Prozessen in der Geosphäre ; Physikalisches Verhalten der Erde {Geophysik} ; Chile {Geophysik} ; Chile {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 118 S.
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  • 132
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TSX 500 ; VEX 100 ; VEX 500 ; VAE 500 ; TOH 800 ; Chile {Geophysik} ; Anden {Geologie} ; Chile {Geologie} ; Geotektonische Entwicklung der Erdkruste {Geologie} ; Paläoerdbeben {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 108 S.
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  • 133
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Ein transversales Störungssystem im Nahen Osten, die Dead Sea Transform (DST), trennt die Arabische Platte von der Sinai-Mikroplatte und erstreckt sich von Süden nach Norden vom Extensionsgebiet im Roten Meer über das Tote Meer bis zur Taurus-Zagros Kollisionszone. Die sinistrale DST bildete sich im Miozän vor etwa 17 Ma und steht mit dem Aufbrechen des Afro-Arabischen Kontinents in Verbindung. Das Untersuchungsgebiet liegt im Arava Tal zwischen Totem und Rotem Meer, mittig über der Arava Störung (Arava Fault, AF), die hier den Hauptast der DST bildet. Eine Reihe seismischer Experimente, aufgebaut aus künstlichen Quellen, linearen Profilen über die Störung und entsprechend entworfenen Empfänger-Arrays, zeigt die Untergrundstruktur in der Umgebung der AF und der Verwerfungszone selbst bis in eine Tiefe von 3-4 km. Ein tomographisch bestimmtes Modell der seismischen Geschwindigkeiten von P-Wellen zeigt einen starken Kontrast nahe der AF mit niedrigeren Geschwindigkeiten auf der westlichen Seite als im Osten. Scherwellen lokaler Erdbeben liefern ein mittleres P-zu-S Geschwindigkeitsverhältnis und es gibt Anzeichen für Änderungen über die Störung hinweg ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 850 ; TQC 220 ; TSI 000 ; VEI 400 ; Festländische Lineamente {Geologie} ; Reflexionsseismik {Geophysik} ; Vorderasien {Geophysik} ; Israel, Palästina {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 142 S.
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  • 134
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TQH 000 ; TQA 000 ; TOF 000 ; Aerogeophysik ; Gravimetrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Schwerkraft {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 48 S.
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  • 135
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 106 S.
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  • 136
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOB 300 ; TOD 500 ; TOF 000 ; TOT 400 ; Polbewegungen {Geophysik: Erde} ; Erdkern {Geophysik} ; Schwerkraft {Geophysik} ; Magnetfeld der Erde im allgemeinen {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 15 S.
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  • 137
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 518.64 ; 551 ; TOD 400 ; TOE 000 ; TM 300 ; Erdmantel {Geophysik} ; Physikalisches Verhalten der Erde {Geophysik} ; Methodik. Arbeitsmittel. Abkürzungsverzeichnisse {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 186 S.
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  • 138
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum, Potsdam
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOF 000 ; TOB 100 ; Schwerkraft {Geophysik} ; Drehbewegungen {Geophysik: Erde}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 35S.
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  • 139
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: lecture
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 675 S.
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  • 140
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOB 100 ; Drehbewegungen {Geophysik: Erde}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 8 S.
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  • 141
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TOB 300 ; Polbewegungen {Geophysik: Erde}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 9 S.
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  • 142
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 39 S.
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  • 143
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 28 S.
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  • 144
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, Potsdam
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551.701 ; 551.609 ; 550 ; TWC 200 ; VBN 400 ; Dendroklimatologie ; Sonstige Verfahren der geologischen Altersbestimmung
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 197 S.
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  • 145
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    GFZ, Potsdam | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 140 ; VAE 820 ; VAE 160 ; VEB 110 ; TSB 000 ; VBM 000 ; Gesteinsdeformation {Strukturgeologie} ; Sedimentationsbecken als Erdkrustentypen {Geologie} ; Salztektonik {Strukturgeologie} ; Norddeutsche Senke {Geologie} ; Mitteleuropa {Geophysik} ; Geologische Interpretation geophysikalischer Beobachtungen
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 105 S.
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  • 146
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; TVA 000 ; TVM 800 ; TUB 000 ; Ionosphäre {Meteorologie} ; Struktur der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie} ; Atmosphärische Schwerewellen {Meteorologie} ; Beobachtungsergebnisse {Meteorologie}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 96 S.
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  • 147
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The glacial-isostatic adjustment in Iceland resulting from the recent melting of the Vatnajökull ice cap is controlled by the viscosity distribution in the earth's interior and by the details of the melting history. Interpretations of the results of GPS and gravity measuring campaigns in the time interval 1991-2000 and 1992-1999, respectively, by means of laterally homogeneous earth models for the determination of the lithosphere thickness, the asthenosphere thickness and the asthenosphere viscosity have so far been not fully satisfactory. In particular near the ice margin, the fitting of the computed land uplift and gravity change to the observational data was inadequate, which may be related to the neglegt of the Iceland plume in the laterally homogeneous earth models. In the present study, a program package is used for the modelling of the land uplift and gravity change that allows the computation of load-induced perturbations of a Maxwell-viscoelastic, incompressible, self-gravitating, spherical earth model. To simulate the presence of the plume below the Vatnajökull, an axisymmetric viscosity distribution is used, where the plume radius and the plume viscosity are free parameters. Based on seismic results, a 6-km-thick lithosphere is assumed above the plume, which thickens to 35 km in the peripheral region of the plume. The melting history of the Vatnajökull is founded on interpretations of geomorphological and climatological investigations and is simulated by a load co-axial with the plume with parabolic profile and time-dependent radius. The results of the modelling favour a plume radius of ~80 km and a plume viscosity of (0.3-1.0) x 10^{18} Pa s.
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 20 S.
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  • 148
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 300 ; TQI 000 ; UNH 100 ; Epirogenese {{Geologie}} ; Geophysikalische Satellitenfernerkundung ; GPS {Praktische Geodäsie}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 28 S.
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  • 149
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wiss.-Parks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 228 S.
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  • 150
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    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum | [Bibliothek des Wissenschaftsparks Albert Einstein] [Vertrieb], [Potsdam]
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TOH 530 ; VAE 200 ; VAE 130 ; Häufigkeit und Verbreitung von Erdbeben {Geophysik} ; Geodynamik der Lithosphäre {Geologie} ; Geomechanik
    Language: English
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  • 151
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551.4 ; 550
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 113 S.
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  • 152
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    IFM-Geomar, Kiel
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551.4 ; 551.22 ; 550
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 193 S.
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  • 153
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    IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551.4 ; 550 ; TSZ 300 ; Pazifischer Ozean {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 229 S.
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  • 154
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    IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551.4 ; 550
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 159 S.
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  • 155
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    Humboldt-Univ., Berlin
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The motivation to our studies came from simulation of earth-quakes, that are modeled with elastic wave equations. In our paper we focus on the study of the stiff problems for the wave-equations. Due to this contribution we discuss iterative operator splitting methods for wave-equations motivated from a realistic problem in seismic sources and waves. The operator-splitting methods are wel-know to solve such complicated multidimensional and multi physics problems. We present the consistency analysis for the iterative methods as theoretical background for the wave-equation with respect to the underlying boundary conditions. From the algorithmic point of view we discuss the application of the decoupling and non-decoupling the equations, with respect to the eigenvalues. We verify our methods for test problems with known analytical solutions. Multi-dimensional examples are presented for realistic applications in wave equations. Finally we discuss the results.
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551.22 ; 550.28 ; 550 ; ZfM : partial differential equations ; ZfM : Operator-Splitting methods ; ZfM : iterative mehtods ; ZfM : seismic sources and waves ; ZfM : consistency analysis
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  • 156
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 622.15 ; VRE 100 ; ZUS 340 ; Exploration / Prospektion von Kohlenwasserstofflagerstätten ; Erdgas {Technik: Bergbau}
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  • 157
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    Internat. Assoc. of Geomagnetism & Aeronomy
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This manual and instruction book was written by a group of active researchers, both professional and amateur. There are chapters giving practical advice for taking visual observations, photographing the clouds with film or with video equipment. A summary of observations from space is included, as well as comments on the connection between noctilucent clouds, seen from the ground, and the polar mesospheric clouds that so far have been measured only from orbit. Noctilucent clouds are seen in the summer months, shining in the poleward sky at nighttime. Measurements show that the clouds are higher than any others. Lying at a height of 80-85 kilometers, the clouds mark a boundary between meteorology and space physics. This book is beautifully illustrated with photographs, and will help everyone recognize and appreciate these sailors in the summer night.
    Description: manual
    Keywords: 551.5 ; 550 ; TVM 530 ; TVB 420
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion , monograph
    Format: 39 S.
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  • 158
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    Environmental Protection Agency, Wexford
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Evidence for an anthropogenic influence on climate change is now stronger than ever before, with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report assertion that 'It is very likely that anthropogenic greenhouse gas increases caused most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century'; (IPCC, 2007a). Global average temperature has increased by 0.74oC over the past 100 years with the rate of warming almost doubling over the last 50 years. Precipitation patterns have also changed with an increase in the number of heavy precipitation events being observed globally. In order to determine if global trends are reflected in changes in climate at the regional and local level in Ireland, a number of potential indicators of climate change have been investigated. Based on existing observational data, indicators can provide an early warning system, which may point to a critical environmental problem in the future. Climate indicators for Ireland are based primarily on daily synoptic station temperature and precipitation data from Met Éireann's monitoring network ...
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.6 ; QDC 000 ; TWC 100 ; TYC 200 ; Klimageographie ; Instr. Ergebn. zu Klimaänderungen und Klimaschwankungen ; Britische Inseln {Meteorologie und Klimatologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion , monograph
    Format: 40 S.
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  • 159
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 910 ; 914 ; QGF 120 ; Kulturgeographie Ungarns
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 43 S.
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  • 160
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The emphasis between theoretical, global and regional geography, proportion from research to publication has changed several times during the history of Hungarian geography. Certain scholars of Hungarian geography (geo-philosophers, and some theorists) were explicitly attached to theoretical issues of geographic science, yet the majority of geographers advantaged the concrete territorial descriptions and analysis. The regional approach appeared in the Hungarian geography much earlier than the demand on clarification of the theoretic issues of landscape. The first attempt to divide the country into macro landscapes was carried out in the first half of the 1500's. From this time on the geographic science formulated a demand to analyse the internal structure of the country within the frameworks of public administration or in the framework of some other way delimited geographic macro-regions. The administrative space enjoyed for centuries a favoured role, yet the demand for analyses based on the macro regional delimitation was always represented too. On general level the issues of landscape have already been present in Hungarian geographic science (the formulation of concepts, categories, border marking theories etc.), but Hungarian geographic science concerning the territorial research of Hungary has achieved the greatest results mostly in the fields of analytical landscape research, and evaluation ...
    Description: report
    Keywords: 910 ; 914 ; QGF 120 ; Kulturgeographie Ungarns
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 51 S.
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  • 161
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 910 ; 914 ; QGF 120 ; Kulturgeographie Ungarns
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 102 S.
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  • 162
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    RKK, Pécs
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 910 ; 914 ; QGF 120 ; Kulturgeographie Ungarns
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 126 S.
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  • 163
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The paper is concerned with the development stages and the spatial transformation of the Hungarian banking system in the economic transition & post-transition periods. It gives an overview of the development tendencies of the financial re-integration into the global market and particularly concentrates on the spatial polarisation factors (concentration de-concentration; centralisation decentralisation) which affect banking. The paper explores the arguments behind the extremely high centralisation of headquarter functions in Budapest and the factors that have impact on the establishment of locally-regionally based banks. This is followed by an introduction of the different organisational (institutional) and territorial (location strategies) level of the Hungarian banking system, dealing with either the domestic or the international financial central-function of Budapest and the reorganisation of the bank network and with its social consequences (financial exclusion) in the regions. The paper argues that EU membership is not a dramatic event in the integration process of the Hungarian banking sector, partly due to its particular ownership structure, the integration of the banking sector has already taken place. The paper concludes that the EMU integration could have been affected more adversely the Hungarian regions already characterised by the endogenous disparities, which are to a large extent rooted in the deficiency of their financial base.
    Description: report
    Keywords: 910 ; 914 ; QGF 120 ; Kulturgeographie Ungarns
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 68 S.
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  • 164
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 910 ; 914 ; QGF 120 ; Kulturgeographie Ungarns
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 46 S.
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  • 165
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 910 ; 914 ; QGF 130 ; Angewandte Geographie Ungarns
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 40 S.
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  • 166
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    Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation, Adelaide, SA
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Resource Assessment Branch of the Department of Water Land and Biodiversity Conservation (DWLBC) is currently undertaking the ‘Northern Adelaide Plains Prescribed Wells Area Well Investigation Project’ for the Northern Adelaide and Barossa Catchment Water Management Board (NABCWMB). This report provides an overview of the issues, results to date and future directions for the project. Stage 1 of the Leaky Wells Project is designed to audit and compile an accurate list of licensed irrigation wells within the Northern Adelaide Plains (NAP) Prescribed Wells Area (PWA). Of these licensed wells pumped salinity samples were to be collected by the licence holder and submitted for analysis. From a review of these wells and recorded salinity information all wells determined to be contaminating the major production aquifers were to be identified, investigated and remedial action undertaken. Stage 2 of the Leaky Wells Project aimed to assess the condition of the 2868 abandoned and disused wells throughout the NAP. As mentioned in the Administrative Agreement, it was expected that this phase of the project would be the most intensive, requiring considerable field investigations to determine the locations and current condition of these wells.
    Description: report
    Keywords: 910 ; UDY 000 ; Australien und Ozeanien {Hydrologie}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 75 S.
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  • 167
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 910 ; 914 ; QGF 194 ; Budapest {Geographie}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 54 S.
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  • 168
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 910 ; 914 ; QGF 120 ; Kulturgeographie Ungarns
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 33 S.
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  • 169
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    Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservatio, Adelaide, SA
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This report provides an overview of the water resources for the TintinaraCoonalpyn PWA (TCPWA) and includes: A general assessment of the groundwater resources for each of the aquifers in the PWA. A description (for both the unconfined and confined aquifers) of: The management approach adopted for the sustainable use of the resource (generally referred to as permissible annual volume) and a description of the manner in which the sustainable limits of use can be determined. Where separate management areas exist within the PWA, the adopted limits of sustainable groundwater use need to be tabulated. The assessment should identify any data deficiencies and requirements for future investigations. The historic and current demand (in terms of use) in each of the management areas within the PWA. The likely future demand for groundwater from this resource in the PWA. An assessment of whether the taking or use from the aquifers will have a detrimental effect on the quantity or quality of water that is available from any other water resource, both within and outside of the PWA; including a description of the likely nature and extent of any detrimental effects. An assessment of the current condition of the groundwater resources of both aquifers, taking into consideration available groundwater monitoring data to determine the capacity of both aquifers to meet the demands identified, on a continuing basis. This is to include recommendations for management intervention.
    Description: report
    Keywords: 910 ; UDY 000 ; Australien und Ozeanien {Hydrologie}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 60 S.
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  • 170
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 560 ; VV 000 ; Paläontologie
    Language: English
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  • 171
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 560 ; VV 000 ; Paläontologie
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 172
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.9 ; VJF 000 ; Umweltgeochemie insgesamt
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 6 S.
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  • 173
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This letter suggests possible improvements on the discussion of the adsorptive removal of triazoles by iron minerals which are possible corrosion products of elemental iron materials (Fe0) in a recent article by Jia et al. [Jia, Y., Aagaard, P., Breedveld, G.D., 2007. Sorption of triaxoles to soil and iron materials. Chemosphere 67, 250258]. Also recalled is the importance of the adsorption of organics by iron corrosion products which is not properly addressed in the iron technology literature when the contaminants are redox-sensitive.
    Description: Keywords: Adsorption; Elemental iron; Iron corrosion; Iron oxyhydroxides; Triazoles
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.9 ; VJF 000 ; Umweltgeochemie insgesamt
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 12 S.
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  • 174
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Background: An increasing number of studies demonstrate that genetic differentiation and speciation in the sea occur over much smaller spatial scales than previously appreciated given the wide distribution range of many morphologically defined coral reef invertebrate species and the presumed dispersal-enhancing qualities of ocean currents. However, knowledge about the processes that lead to population divergence and speciation is often lacking despite being essential for the understanding, conservation, and management of marine biodiversity. Sponges, a highly diverse, ecologically and economically important reef-invertebrate taxon, exhibit spatial trends in the Indo-West Pacific that are not universally reflected in other marine phyla. So far, however, processes generating those unexpected patterns are not understood.
    Description: Results: We unraveled the phylogeographic structure of the widespread Indo-Pacific coral reef sponge Leucetta chagosensis across its known geographic range using two nuclear markers: the rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS 1&2) and a fragment of the 28S gene, as well as the second intron of the ATP synthetase beta subunit-gene (ATPSb-iII). This enabled the detection of several deeply divergent clades congruent over both loci, one containing specimens from the Indian Ocean (Red Sea and Maldives), another one from the Philippines, and two other large and substructured NW Pacific and SW Pacific clades with an area of overlap in the Great Barrier Reef/Coral Sea...
    Description: Conclusion: We argue that both founder and vicariance events during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene were responsible to varying degrees for generating the deep phylogeographic structure. This structure was perpetuated largely as a result of the life history of L. chagosensis, resulting in high levels of regional isolation. Reciprocally monophyletic populations constitute putative sibling (cryptic) species, while population para- and polyphyly may indicate incipient speciation processes. The genetic diversity and biodiversity of tropical Indo-Pacific sponges appears to be substantially underestimated since the high level of genetic divergence is not necessarily manifested at the morphological level.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 560 ; VV 000 ; Paläontologie
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 18 S.
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  • 175
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 560 ; VV 000 ; Paläontologie
    Language: English
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  • 176
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The solubilization of arsenic (As) from an ore material (native Arsenic [As, trig.] with Lollingite [FeAs2, rh.]) was characterized in leaching tests lasting for ≤ 99 days. The experiments were performed with materials of different particle sizes (≤ 2 mm), in different waters and under test conditions relevant to As mobilization at near surface contaminated sites. The impact of dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2], metallic iron (Fe0), and pyrite (FeS2) on As release was accessed. Two different types of batch experiments were conducted with a constant amount of the base material and different types of water (deionised, mineral, spring, and tap water). For comparison parallel experiments were conducted with 0.1M EDTA, 0.1M Na2CO3 and 0.1M H2SO4. The results indicated no significant effect of carbonate addition on As solubilization. Fe0 and FeS2 addition essentially slowed the initial As solubilization. H2SO4 was the sole leaching agent significantly influencing As solubilization from the base material. The general trend assuming that the smaller the particle size the quicker the As release was not strictly verified because in samples of smaller particle sizes (d 〈 0.063) As was partly oxidized to more stable species.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551,9 ; VJF 000 ; Umweltgeochemie insgesamt
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 23 S.
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  • 177
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 560 ; VV 000 ; Paläontologie
    Language: English
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  • 178
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 560 ; VV 000 ; Paläontologie
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 8 S.
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  • 179
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 560 ; VV 000 ; Paläontologie
    Language: English
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  • 180
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 560 ; VU 000 ; Geobiologie
    Language: English
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  • 181
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: A stochastic numerical method is developed for simulation of flows and particle transport in a 2D layer of porous medium. The hydraulic conductivity is assumed to be a random field of a given statistical structure, the flow is modeled in the layer with prescribed boundary conditions. Numerical experiments are carried out by solving the Darcy equation for each sample of the hydraulic conductivity by a direct solver for sparse matrices, and tracking Lagrangian trajectories in the simulated flow. We present and analyze different Eulerian and Lagrangian statistical characteristics of the flow such as transverse and longitudinal velocity correlation functions, longitudinal dispersion coefficient, and the mean displacement of Lagrangian trajectories. We discuss the effect of long-range correlations of the longitudinal velocities which we have found in our numerical simulations. The related anomalous diffusion is also analyzed.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 550.28 ; 550 ; ZfM : Darcy equation ; ZfM : random hydraulic conductivity ; ZfM : randomized spectral models ; ZfM : diffusion regime ; ZfM : long-range correlations
    Language: English
    Type: article , draft
    Format: 24 S.
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  • 182
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    Geologisches Institut 〈Freiberg〉
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.4 ; UBF 000 ; VJA 310 ; VBD 000 ; UBG 320 ; Unterirdische Gewässer insgesamt {Hydrologie} ; Statistische Auswertung {Geochemie} ; Mathematische und Statistische Geologie ; Methoden, Meßsysteme {Hydrologie, Unterirdische Gewässer} ; hydrogeology ; hydrochemistry ; hydrogeochemistry ; data analysis ; data processing ; statistical analysis ; mathematical methods
    Language: English
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  • 183
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The present work deals with two challenging problems of applied geostatistics: (i) Stationarity assumptions often do not hold under real-world conditions. (ii) Geostatistical methods have to be linked with spatial databases in order to be applicable in non-stationary situations. Solutions for both problems are proposed and implemented. (i) A central assumption in geostatistics is the stationarity of the process. However the spatial variability of many natural phenomena heavily depends on the local geology, which is nonstationary in most cases. To deal with this, the concept of process stationarity is replaced by a stationarity of the governing influence relating the local semivariogram and the local geology as stored in a Geographical Information System (GIS). A construction method is used, which can meaningfully incorporate additional spatial information from GIS, e.g. smoothly varying geology in the investigated area, spatially varying anisotropy induced by mountainous morphology, or geological faults interrupting continuity. Least-squares parameter estimation is used for fitting instationary semivariogram models in typical example situations, leading to non-linear optimization problems. Furthermore, a method for semivariogram parameter estimation in the present of linear trend is proposed. (ii) Geostatistical tools that make use of the local geology need direct access to the data stored in the GIS. A link between the presented geostatistical tools and the GIS software ArcView was established. Thus, spatial data such as measured contaminant concentrations, soil properties and morphology can be incorporated in geostatistical analyses. R code that fits instationary semivariogram models and performs kriging was implemented and can be obtained from the author. It is applied to simulated datasets.
    Description: Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit zwei wichtigen Problemen der angewandten Geostatistik: (i) Stationaritätsannahmen werden unter realweltlichen Bedingungen oft nicht erfüllt. (ii) Geostatistische Methoden müssen mit räumlichen Datenbanken verbunden werden, um unter nichtstationären Bedingungen anwendbar zu sein. Lösungen für beide Probleme werden vorgeschlagen und implementiert. (i) In der Geostatistik ist die Stationarität des Prozesses eine zentrale Annahme. Die räumliche Variabilität vieler Phänomene in unserer Umwelt hängt jedoch stark von lokalen geologischen Verhältnissen ab, die meist aber instationär sind. Um damit umgehen zu können, wird das Konzept der Stationarität des Prozesses ersetzt durch eine Stationarität des Einflusses der lokalen Geologie, wie sie in einem GIS gespeichert ist, auf das lokale Semivariogramm. Es wird eine Konstruktionsmethode benutzt, die auf sinnvolle Art räumliche Informationen aus dem GIS in Semivariogrammmodelle einbinden kann, etwa sich über das Untersuchungsgebiet gleichmäßig verändernde geologische Verhältnisse, sich räumlich verändernde Anisotropie im Gebirgsrelief oder geologische Störungen, die die Kontinuität unterbrechen. Kleinste-Quadrate Schätzung wird für die Anpassung instationärer Semivariogrammmodelle in typischen Beispielsituationen verwendet. Dies führt zu nichtlinearen Optimierungsproblemen. Des weiteren wird eine Methode der Schätzung von Semivariogrammparametern in Modellen mit linearem Trend vorgestellt. (ii) Geostatistische Werkzeuge, die lokalen geologischen Verh¨ältnisse berücksichtigen, benötigen einen direkten Zugang zu Daten, die in einem GIS gespeichert sind. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde eine Verbindung zwischen den vorgestellten geostatistischen Werkzeugen und dem GIS Programm ArcView erstellt. Auf diese Weise können räumliche Daten wie etwa Schadstoffkonzentrationen, Bodeneigenschaften oder die Morphologie in geostatistische Analysen einbezogen werden. R-Code, der instationäre Semivariogrammmodelle anpasst und Kriging durchführt, wurde erstellt und auf simulierte Datensätze angewandt. Der Code kann über den Author bezogen werden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.4 ; QBD 700 ; QBK 000 ; VJA 310 ; VBD 000 ; VJA 100 ; VKB 311 ; QFC 430 ; Geoinformationssysteme {Geographie} ; Mathematische Geographie ; Statistische Auswertung {Geochemie} ; Mathematische und Statistische Geologie ; Probennahme, Probenaufbereitung {Geochemie} ; Untersuchungsmethoden und Probennahme im Gelände {Sedimentologie} ; Methoden und Techniken der Umweltforschung {Angewandte Geographie} ; geographic information systems ; geostatistics ; combination ; spatial distribution ; sampling
    Language: English
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  • 184
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    Institut für Geologie 〈Freiberg〉
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.4 ; VJC 000 ; VQ 600 ; VJF 000 ; Aquatische Geochemie ; Grenzgebiete. Beziehungen. Einflüsse. Wirkungen. {Lagerstättenkunde} ; Umweltgeochemie insgesamt ; uranium ; geochemistry ; hydrochemistry ; hydrogeochemistry ; physicochemical properties ; isotope fractionation ; isotope fractionation ; spectroscopy
    Language: English
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  • 185
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    Geologisches Institut 〈Freiberg〉
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Lake Urema is one of the most important ecological features of the Gorongosa National Park, Central Mozambique. It is located in the Urema Rift which is a part of the East African Rift System. The understanding of the geo-ecology of the lake and its tributaries is particularly important for the conservation of its floodplain habitats. There are recent concerns that the lake has changed during the last years. A multi-temporal and multi-disciplinary approach was applied to investigate the dynamics and control mechanisms of the lake. Principal methods adopted were: remote sensing analyses of time series of Landsat and ASTER data, geomorphological interpretations of SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) data as well as field investigations such as water and sediment analyses and vegetation mapping. The study showed that the water of Lake Urema and its in- and outflow has very low concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS) between 20 to 100 mg/l. The pH is on average about 7, regulated by a CO2 - HCO3 —- CO3 2_ buffering system. The water transparency is very low, mostly less than half a meter. During the period of investigation no outflow of the lake was observed, but the Vunduzi River, one of the tributaries to Lake Urema, had a considerable discharge. A decrease of the lake level height was detected over a period of two months. In addition to the evaporation from the open water surface of the lake, water is probably also lost through spreading into the adjacent floodplain grasslands, through evapotranspiration as well as through infiltration. A significant enrichment of the water constituents in the dry season did obviously not occur. The widespread distribution of clayey sediments over large parts of the lake and the evidence of sandy sediments in the narrowing part of the lake towards its outflow suggest a temporally and spatially constrained pattern of transport and deposition. It is supposed that the axial part of the lake is characterized by a more energetic flow and the lateral areas by quiescent conditions. The results of the supervised classification of the satellite images from 1979 to 2000 did not indicate a trend for the variations of the lake's size. The area of Lake Urema ranged from 17.4 km² (09/1995) to 25.1 km² (08/1979). A rainfall anomaly was responsible for the outstanding lake size in May 1997. Investigations showed that alluvial fans limit the Urema Basin from all sides and make Lake Urema a kind of “reservoir lake”. Further studies should focus on the enlightenment of the water balance of the lake system. Especially the contribution of groundwater to the water balance of the lake is not yet understood.
    Description: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.4 ; UBE 700 ; UD 330 ; UBO 600 ; UBE 400 ; UBE 500 ; UBE 600 ; Typologie von Seen {Hydrologie} ; Tropische und subtropische Zone {Hydrologie} ; Wasserhaushalt einzelner Regionen {Hydrologie} ; Eigenschaften des Seewassers {Hydrologie, Seen} ; Ökologie von Seen {Hydrologie} ; Morphologie und Geologie von Seen {Hydrologie} ; Mozambique ; East African Rift ; East African Lakes ; limnology ; lakes ; hydrochemistry ; ecology ; water balance
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion , monograph
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  • 186
    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: Mittels kontinuierlicher und hochauflösender μXRF-Geochemieanalysen wird die Variabilität äolischer Sedimente der letzten 60.000 Jahre rekonstruiert. Dazu werden zwei Sedimentbohrkerne jeweils aus einem Maarsee und einem Trockenenmaar (Eifel, Deutschland) untersucht. Beide Kerne umfassen das letzte Glazial, einschließlich des MIS-3, des LGM und MIS-2, Transition I als auch das Holozän. Die energiedispersive RFA-Messungen der Eagle III μXRF wird direkt an Harz imprägnierten Proben angewendet. Diese sogenannten Tränklinge bilden die Grundlage für die Herstellung von petrographischen Dünnschliffen und somit können die Messergebnisse direkt mit einer Mikrofaziesanalyse verglichen werden. Anhand eines Sedimentkerns wird gezeigt, dass eine Quantifizierung der μXRF-Ergebnisse mittels der undamentalparametermethode geeignete ist. Eine Überprüfung der Ergebnisse findet dabei mit wellenlängen-dispersiven RFA-Messungen an diskreten Proben statt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich jedes einzelne Maar in der lithologischen Zusammensetzung und damit auch geochemisch unterscheidet. Deshalb wird auf die grundlegenden Prozesse der Elementdeposition in die Seen eingegangen, die mit der Ablagerung von Sedimenten, der Variabilität der chemischen Verwitterung oder der Wasserzirkulation in Zusammenhang stehen. Mittels Hauptkomponentenanalysen standardisierter Variablen ist darüber hinaus die objektive Ableitung eines äolischen Sedimentsignals möglich. Es wird gezeigt, dass dieser Ansatz verlässliche Ergebnisse für alle untersuchten Zeitabschnitte liefert, solange für die Interpretation weitere Kenntnisse über die Lithologie und Paläoökologie zur Verfügung stehen. Das auffälligste Element zur Charakterisierung von Staub ist in beiden untersuchten Kernen Kalzium. Die höchsten Werte (〉5 Gew.-%) werden während vollglazialer Bedingungen erreicht. Kalzium hat einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf den Staubfaktor der Hauptkomponentenanalyse. Eine zusätzliche Kombination der Kalziumgehalte mit dem Staubfaktor der Hauptkomponentenanalyse sowie Grauwertmessungen verbessert den Nachweis äolischen Staubs in laminierten Seesedimenten zusätzlich. In beiden Kernen konnten Sedimente mit erhöhten Staubkonzentrationen geochemisch nachgewiesen werden: Während des MIS-3 sind das vor allem das größte Heinrich-Ereignis H4 sowie der Anstieg des atmosphärischen Staubgehalts während der Wiedervereisung der Inlandsgletscher. Weiterhin ist das gesamte MIS-2 einschließlich LGM und der Jüngeren Dryas von starker Staubdeposition charakterisiert. Eine erhöhte Staubkonzentration ist ebenfalls ab dem Subboreal nachgewiesen und wird als anthropogene Aktivität gedeutet.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; geochemistry ; lacustrine sediment ; μXFR ; aeolian sediment ; last glacial cycle ; PCA
    Language: English
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  • 187
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Es werden geomorphologische und quartärgeologische Gelände- und Labordaten und deren Auswertung zur maximalen würmzeitlichen (ca. 60-18 ka) Vergletscherung von Zentral- und Süd-Karakorum sowie auf dem Deosai Plateau vorgelegt. Sie zeigen, dass der Zentral-Karakorum und seine Südabdachung im Zeitraum zwischen etwa 60 und 20 ka von einem zusammenhängenden, ca. 125 000 km² großen Eisstromnetz mit einer Mächtigkeit von 2400-2900 m bedeckt gewesen sind. Dieses Eisstromnetz ist zum Indus-Gletscher zusammengeflossen. Das Zungenende des Indus- Gletschers reichte bis auf 850-800 m ü. M. hinab. Die Oberfläche des Indus-Eistromnetzes lag in seinem Zentrum bei gut 6000 m ü. M.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; tibet ; karakoram ; glacial geomorphology ; coalescing ice stream network ; last glacial period ; glacier thickness
    Language: English
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  • 188
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Entstehung der niedersächsischen Küstenlandschaften ist während der letzten 8000 Jahre eng mit Meeresspiegelfluktuationen verbunden, die Phasen von Meeresspiegelabsenkungen und -anstiegen ebenso umfassen wie Stillstandsphasen. Transgressive Abschnitte zeichnen sich vor allem durch sandige und tonig-schluffige Ablagerungen aus, während Regressionsphasen zum Teil durch Torf gekennzeichnet sind, der sich in Phasen verlangsamten Meeresspiegelanstieges seewärts auf marine Ablagerungen ausbreiten konnte. Auch auf den Ostfriesischen Inseln ergeben sich Möglichkeiten paläoökologischer Untersuchungen, die ungefähr bis in die Zeitenwende zurückreichen. Hier können vor allem ältere Salzwiesenhorizonte und Wattschichten genutzt werden, die heute infolge von Strandverschiebungen am seeseitigen Strand einiger Inseln erosiv freigelegt werden. Diese Horizonte bilden natürliche Pegelmarken, an denen zurückliegende Meeresspiegelstände rekonstruiert werden können. In diesem Artikel werden diatomologische Ergebnisse vorgestellt, die an Bohrungen und Profilen der festländischen Küste und Ostfriesischen Inseln erarbeitet wurden. Die Diatomeen-Vergesellschaftungen klastischer Sedimente, die während Transgressions-phasen abgesetzt wurden, sind generell durch pelagische und litorale marine Arten charakterisiert. Im Kontakt zu den Ablagerungen des Basaltorfes treten verstärkt oligo- bis mesohalobe Arten hinzu. Dies legt den Schluss nahe, dass sich dieser erste transgressive Kontakt nicht erosiv, sondern fließend vollzogen hat. Die Wattablagerungen sind vornehmlich durch eine Artenkombination poly- bis mesohalober Arten gekennzeichnet, während lagunäre Sedimente häufiger litorale brackische und schwach verkieselte Arten aufweisen. Dies deutet auf einen geringeren Salzgehalt und ruhige Ablagerungsbedingungen hin. Die eingeschalteten Niedermoortorfe mit Vhragmites zeigen einen Anstieg litoraler oligohalober Arten und bezeugen somit den Rückgang der Salinität und mithin eine regressive Phase innerhalb der Meeresspiegel-Entwicklung. Salzwiesenablagerungen sowohl auf den Inseln als auch im Kontakt zum pleistozänen Hinterland werden durch aerophile litorale Spezies charakterisiert, Überflutungsereignisse deuten sich durch stärkere Nachweise pelagi-scher mariner Diatomeen an. Sowohl Ablagerungen feuchter Dünentäler, die im Untersuchungsgebiet nur auf den Ostfriesischen Inseln auftreten, als auch die am höchsten gelegenen Bereiche der Salzwiese beherbergen eine Vielzahl oligohalober Spezies und unterstreichen auf diese Weise den zurückgehenden marinen Einfluss.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; germany ; north sea ; holocene ; palaeoecology ; diatom analysis ; sea-level change ; palaeoenvironment
    Language: English
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  • 189
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; palaeoecology ; human settlement ; late weichselian ; ne germany ; landscape development
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 190
    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: Im Rahmen des Projektes „Prospektion Paläolithikum im Indetal“ der Stiftung Archäologie im Rheinischen Braunkohlenrevier wurden in den Jahren 2005 und 2006 im Tagebau Inden zwischen Jülich-Kirchberg und Lamersdorf die pleistozänen Deckschichten mittels 20 Baggertiefschnitten sondiert. Ziel war es, fossile Landoberflächen und mögliche paläolithische Siedlungsplätze zu finden und freizulegen. Im Dezember 2005 konnte in der Ortslage Inden-Altdorf eine mittelpaläolithische Fundschicht aus dem Eem-Interglazial entdeckt werden, die bis September 2006 auf einer Fläche von 3000 m² archäologisch untersucht werden konnte. Es fanden sich 700 Steinartefakte und herbeigebrachte Gerölle, aber auch evidente Grubenbefunde und Feuerstellen. Drei Baumwürfe lagen mitten in der Hauptartefaktkonzentration und waren wohl in das Siedlungsgeschehen eingebunden. Die Artefaktoberflächen waren kantenscharf und nicht patiniert, so dass die durchgeführten Gebrauchsspurenanalysen außergewöhnlich erfolgreich waren. Auf 120 der insgesamt 136 für die Gebrauchsspurenanalyse ausgewählten Artefakte fanden sich Mikrospuren verschiedenartiger Tätigkeiten sowie Residuen. Diese konnten mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und energiedispersiver Röntgenmikroanalyse als Reste von Birkenrindenpech identifiziert werden. 82 Geräte mit Residuen erwiesen sich entweder als geschäftete Einsätze, die mit diesem Pech an den Schäften befestigt wurden oder als Werkzeuge für die Reparatur von gebrauchten und mit Pech verklebten Schäftungen, und dem Auswechseln verbrauchter Feuersteineinsätze dienten. Birkenrindenpech kann als ältester synthetisch hergestellter Werkstoff angesehen werden und wird in der Regel mit dem Jungpaläolithikum und modernen Menschen assoziiert. Die auf den Micoquien Artefakten aus Inden vorgefundenen Birkenpechreste zeigen, daß sowohl Schäftungstechnologien, Gebrauch und Herstellung von Klebstoff als auch die Anfertigung von komplexen, aus mehreren Komponenten bestehenden Geräten im Mittelpaläolithikum durchaus üblich waren. Deren Vorhandensein, noch dazu in einer vergleichsweise hohen Anzahl, kann als deutlicher Hinweis auf moderne menschliche Verhaltensweisen gewertet werden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; eemian ; Micoquian ; habitation features ; microwear analysis ; hafting ; birch pitch residues ; behavioural modernity
    Language: English
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  • 191
    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: Anhand von zwei Dünenprofilen wird die Art, Dauer und Intensität von spätglazialen und holozänen Flugsand- und Bodenbildungen innerhalb des Pommerschen Sandergebietes dargestellt. Hierfür wurde ein interdisziplinärer Ansatz aus Sedimentologie, Pedologie, Palynologie und Geochronologie verwendet. Während des Spätglazials kommen auf den Sanderhochflächen flache Flugsanddecken zur Ablagerung, unterbrochen durch die Bildung des Finowbodens. Durch die Ausbreitung einer geschlossenen Vegetationsdecke im Frühholozän, erfolgt eine Stabilisierung der Reliefoberfläche mit anschließender Bodenbildung. Nach intensiven mittelalterlichen Rodungen werden die Oberflächen erneut destabilisiert. Es kommt zur partiellen Aufarbeitung der Flugsande resultierend in Dünenbildungen und einem kuppigen Relief. Eine der untersuchten Dünen wurde dabei komplett im späten Subatlantikum gebildet. Diese Studie unterstreicht die zeitlich-räumliche Variabilität äolischer Aktivität, wobei Umlagerungen entsprechender Korngrößen während verschiedener Phasen nach der Deglaziation ermöglicht wurden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; aeolian sands ; finow soil ; fossil soils ; late glacial ; holocene dune formation ; geschiebedecksand (gds)
    Language: English
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  • 192
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die 2006 durch das Hessische Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie (HLUG) abgeteufte Forschungsbohrung nördlich von Viernheim (Hessisches Ried) hat mit einer Endteufe von 350 m hoch aufgelöst fluviatile und limnisch-fluviatile Sedimente (0 bis 225 m) des Pleistozäns und zum Teil stark pedogen überprägte limnisch-fluviatile Sande, Tone und Schluffe des Pliozäns (225 bis 350 m) durchteuft. Die Liefergebiete der pliozänen Sedimente sind eher regional geprägt. Die Sedimente zeigen wiederholt Schüttungen aus dem Odenwald, die durch einen hohen Anteil grüner Hornblende in der Schwermineralfraktion gekennzeichnet sind. Als Teil des Forschungsprogramms „Heidelberger Becken“ zielte diese Bohrung insbesondere im Pleistozän auf die „Normalfazies“ des nördlichen Oberrheingrabens ab, das heißt: auf eine möglichst ungestörte Sedimentabfolge, die im Pleistozän Schüttungen von den Grabenrändern oder kleineren Zuflüssen weitestgehend ausschließt. Die pleistozäne Sedimentabfolge besteht aus drei Einheiten: über einem geringmächtigen Horizont mit aufgearbeitetem pliozänen Material folgen zehn Zyklen, die erosiv mit kiesig sandigen Sedimenten einsetzen und mit schluffig-tonigen bis zum Teil torfigen Ablagerungen abschließen. Mitunter sind interne Zyklen zu erkennen. Charakteristisch sind grünlich-graue stark carbonatische, glimmerführende und gut sortierte Fein- bis Mittelsande des Rheins. In diesen dominiert die Rhein-Gruppe (Granat, Epidot, grüne Hornblende und Alterit) in der Schwermineralfraktion. Diese Sedimente werden als „Rheinische Fazies“ bezeichnet. In der hangenden letzten pleistozänen Sedimentabfolge der Forschungsbohrung Viernheim bestimmen mehrere fining-upward und zum Teil coarsening-upward Sequenzen das Sedimentationsgeschehen. Die Ablagerungen dieses Profilabschnitts sind Kies dominiert, der vom Neckar geschüttet worden ist. Die Schwermineralverteilung der Sandfraktion zeigt aber an, dass es zu einer Vermischung mit rheinischen Sedimenten gekommen ist. Weichsel- bis holozänzeitliche Flugsande schliessen das Profil ab. Die stratigraphische Einstufung der pleistozänen Sedimentabfolge ist in Teilen noch unsicher. Die Pliozän-Pleistozängrenze wird auf Grund des charakteristischen Fazieswechsels auf 225 m gelegt. Eine überregionale Korrelation mit Sedimenten der Niederrheinischen Bucht spricht für eine Diskordanz mit größerer zeitlicher Lücke an der Plio-Pleistozängrenze. Untersuchungen im Umfeld der Bohrung sprechen für cromerzeitliches Alter des jüngsten feinklastischen Abschnitts der Bohrung zwischen 39,76 und 58,55 m.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; pleistocene ; germany ; quaternary ; pléistocène ; pliocene ; heavy minerals ; fluvial sediments ; carbonate ; upper rhine graben ; cromerian complex
    Language: English
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  • 193
    Publication Date: 2021-06-05
    Description: Aufbauend auf Arbeiten der letzten 10 Jahre wird ein Abriß der spätpleistozänen und holozänen Entwicklungsgeschichte des nördlichen Jütland gegeben. Neue, die Geschichte des Limfjord betreffende Informationen stützen sich auf zwei Untersuchungsbohrungen im Agger Isthmus. Sie zeigen im südwestlichen Teil des Limfjord eine Transgression während des Boreal und des frühen Atlantikum an, der eine ununterbrochene marine Sedimentation bis in die Eisenzeit, 2110 ± 70 v. h., folgt.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; molluscs ; upper holocene ; marine sedimentation ; morphodynamics ; coastal environment ; marine transgression ; late weichselian ; boreholes ; grain size distribution ; C-14 dating ; northern jutland
    Language: English
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  • 194
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Bohrkerne der Forschungsbohrungen Viernheim und Parkinsel P34 und P35 aus Ludwigshafen wurden auf ihren fossilen Inhalt, besonders auf Molluskenreste, untersucht. Das ausgelesene Material ist geeignet die paläoklimatischen Verhältnisse zu rekonstruieren und erleichtert die chronostratigraphische Einstufung einzelner Schichten. Zwei Molluskenarten und eine Nagetierart wurden erstmalig aus dem Altpleistozän (Altbiharium) der Bohrung Viernheim für den nördlichen Oberrheingraben nachgewiesen. Die aus den altpleistozänen Abschnitten der Bohrung Viernheim vorliegenden Fossilien weisen deutliche Beziehungen zu der in das Obere Villanium/Tegelen datierten Uhlenberg-Fauna aus Bayerisch-Schwaben auf.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; pleistocene ; quaternary ; mollusca ; pléistocène ; upper rhine graben ; arvicolidae ; stylommatophora ; pupilloidea ; gastrocoptinae
    Language: English
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  • 195
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: LOŽEK (1986) vertritt die Ansicht, dass Pupilla loessica rezent in Zentralasien vorkommt. Die vorliegende Studie hat das Ziel zu diesem Thema erste konkrete Diskussionsbeiträge zu liefern. Zu verstehen ist diese Arbeit als Grundlage für weitergehende Untersuchungen. Bei neueren Geländeaufenthalten von 1995-2006 konnten in Zentralasien im Russischen Altay, in der nördlichen Mongolei, im Baikal-Gebiet und im Tien Shan zahlreiche rezente Malakozönosen untersucht werden. An vielen Lokalitäten wurde eine bisher aus dieser Region unbeschriebene Form von Pupilla nachgewiesen, welche gehäuse-morphologisch von Pupilla loessica nicht zu unterscheiden ist. Einen Schwerpunkt der Verbreitung bildet das stark kontinental geprägte Khrebet Saylyugem im SE-Altay. Für das Vorkommen von Pupilla loessica in Zentralasien spricht neben den gehäuse-morphologischen Kriterien, die Präferenz dieser Form zu stärker kontinental geprägten Habitaten, mit Jahresdurchschnittstemperaturen, die deutlich unter 0° C liegen sowie die entsprechenden kälteangepassten Begleitfaunen, z. B. mit Columella columella, Vertigo genesii, Vallonia tenuilabris u. a., welche diese Faunen gut mit den pleistozänen kaltzeitlichen Assoziationen des mitteleuropäischen Raumes vergleichbar machen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 910 ; 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; central europe ; central asia ; pupilla loessica ; living fossil
    Language: English
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  • 196
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geozon Science Media
    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; loess ; europe
    Language: English
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  • 197
    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: In einem Aufschluss von Löss-Paläoboden-Sequenzen über Rehberger Amphibolit NW von Langenlois wurden sechs Bodenprofile (Lois 1 bis Lois 6) beprobt und pedologisch, mineralogisch und geochemisch analysiert. Am Profil Lois 7 wurden bodenmikromorphologische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Zwei Bodenprofile (Lois 1 und 2) haben sich über Amphibolit entwickelt, zwei über einer Amphibolit/Marmor-Wechsellagerung (Lois 5 und 6) und drei Bodenprofile sind Sequenzen von polyzyklischen Paläoböden mit fossilen Bodenhorizonten ohne unterlagerndes kristallines Gestein (Lois 3, 4 und 7). In den Profilen Lois 1–4 und Lois 7 konnten intensive Karbonatanreicherungen beobachtet werden. Diese hohen Mengen an Karbonat können nicht Produkt einer rezenten Bodenbildung sein, sondern sprechen für eine Infiltration von ursprünglich das Profil überlagernden kalzitreichen Sedimenten (Löss), die erodiert wurden. Zudem wurde in Profil Lois 2 ein Kalksinter angetroffen. Dieser Kalksinter könnte aus der Verwitterung der im Profil Lois 6 aufgeschlossenen Marmorlagen stammen. Die Kalksinter-Schicht scheint die Stoffflüsse zwischen unterliegendem Gestein und Solum in den Profilen Lois 1 und 2 mehr oder weniger zu unterbinden, was auch durch die Ergebnisse der geochemischen Analytik unterstrichen wird. In den fossilen Horizonten wurden auch ältere Anzeichen von Tonverlagerung in Form von Tonkutanen über den Aggregaten und darüber hinaus leichte Pseudovergleyungserscheinungen angetroffen. Die mächtigen Profile ohne aufgeschlossenes Grundgebirge (Lois 3, 4 und 7) weisen mehrere polyzyklische Sedimentationsphasen und dadurch mehrere Generationen von fossilen Horizonten auf. Aufgrund der bodenmikromorphologischen Analyse können die Böden vom „Roten Aufschluss“ altersmäßig im unteren bis mittleren Pleistozän oder älter angesiedelt werden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; micromorphology ; loess ; paleosol ; amphibolite ; langenlois
    Language: English
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  • 198
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geozon Science Media
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die korrekte Auswertung numerischer Alter mit ihren Plus-Minus-„Fehlerangaben“ oder besser Standardabweichungen und die Anwendung der damit verbundenen statistischen Auswerteverfahren sind für Geowissenschaftler und Geographen oft eine schwierige Aufgabe, weil ihnen dafür die Ausbildung fehlt. Entsprechend finden sich in der Literatur viele nur schwer nachvollziehbare geochronologische Folgerungen. Sie können allerdings auch dann falsch sein, wenn sie sich auf Ergebnisse aus Datenbanken ohne ausreichende Angaben über den Ursprung des datierten Materials und die angewandten analytischen Techniken beziehen. Diese Arbeit führt in die Beurteilung und Handhabung numerischer Altersangaben ein. Mit ihr können elementare Rechnungen und einfache statistische Tests korrekt ausgeführt werden. Entsprechende Beispiele veranschaulichen den Weg dazu. Die mit der Visualisierung von numerischen Altern in Form von einfachen und Dispersions-Histogrammen verbundenen Probleme werden diskutiert.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; numerical ages ; propagation of uncertainty ; histogram
    Language: English
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  • 199
    Publication Date: 2021-06-05
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; north sea ; transgression ; interpretation ; shorelines ; marine regression ; morphodynamics ; geomorphological feature ; marine terraces ; cliff ; sedimentary successions ; holocene (9000 years b.p.) ; southern scotland (forth valley)
    Language: English
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  • 200
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: ESR hat sich im letzten Jahrzehnt bei der Datierung verschiedenster littoraler Ablagerungen (Korallenriffterassen, Strandwallsysteme, Dünen) als effizientes Datierungswerkzeug etabliert. Verbesserungen in der Bestimmung der jährlichen Dosisleistung (D’) und ein neu entwickelter Ansatz zur Bestimmung der Äquivalent Dosis (DE – Dmax Verfahren) haben die Präzision der ESR-Datierung sowohl an holozänen und pleistozänen Korallen als auch an marinen und terrestrischen Molluskenschalen verbessert. Dies wurde durch den Vergleich mit anderen numerischen Datierungsverfahren wie Radiokohlenstoff und TIMS-Uranserien- Analyse (TIMS 230Th/234U) unterstützt. Der Vergleich mit letzterer Methode steht im Fokus dieses Artikels. Die mit der ESR-Methode verbundenen Ungenauigkeiten bei der Datierung holozäner Korallen liegt in der Größenordnung der Variabilität von 14C-Altern, die durch den marinen Reservoireffekt bedingt ist. Die Datierung pleistozäner Korallen erlaubt die Differenzierung der wichtigen marinen Isotopenstadien (MIS) 5, 7, 9,11 und 13 sowie der Untereinheiten 5e3/2 und 5e1, 5c und 5a1 und 5a2. Der durchschnittliche Fehler bei der Datierung von Korallen liegt zwischen 5 bis 8%. Weiterhin hat die Datierung mariner und terrestrischer Mollusken mittels ESR viel versprechende Resultate geliefert, die eine Differenzierung der Interglaziale MIS 1, 5, 7 und 9 ermöglichen, bei einem Fehler von 10-15%. Die ESR Datierung von Quarz ist eine weitere vielversprechende Datierungstechnik für quartäre und sogar neogene geologische Formationen. Das Vorkommen von Quarz in vulkanischen Gesteinen, Tephren, Störungen und Sedimenten (thermisch beeinflusst und unbeeinflusst) ermöglicht die zeitliche Bestimmung des letzten Zeitpunkts vor der Erhitzung, Störung oder der Aussetzung von Sonnenlicht. Obwohl durch einige experimentelle Ergebnisse angezweifelt, ist die ESR Datierung von Quarz die einzige Möglichkeit Altersdaten älterer Ablagerungen zu liefern. ESR wurde auch bei einer Vielzahl anderer Materialien angewendet, wie zum Beispiel Foraminiferen, Speleothemen, Travertinen, Kalkkrusten und Zahnschmelz. Die gebräuchlichste und zuverlässigste Anwendung ist die ESR-Datierung von Mammutstoßzähnen. Im Zusammenspiel mit der Laser-Ablation Uranserien Datierung ist ESR eine wichtige Methode zur Altersbestimmung archäologischer Fundstätten jenseits der Bestimmungsgrenzen der Radiokohlenstoffmethode bis in den Bereich von 200 bis 300 ka.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; quaternary ; electron spin resonance ; dating ; geochronology ; littoral
    Language: English
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