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  • Humans  (890)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (890)
  • 2015-2019  (890)
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  • 101
    Publication Date: 2015-04-04
    Description: Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a highly personalized cancer therapy that involves administration to the cancer-bearing host of immune cells with direct anticancer activity. ACT using naturally occurring tumor-reactive lymphocytes has mediated durable, complete regressions in patients with melanoma, probably by targeting somatic mutations exclusive to each cancer. These results have expanded the reach of ACT to the treatment of common epithelial cancers. In addition, the ability to genetically engineer lymphocytes to express conventional T cell receptors or chimeric antigen receptors has further extended the successful application of ACT for cancer treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenberg, Steven A -- Restifo, Nicholas P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 3;348(6230):62-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4967.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, CRC Building, Room 3W-3940, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. sar@nih.gov restifo@nih.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25838374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive/*methods ; Lymphocyte Depletion ; Melanoma/genetics/secondary/therapy ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/genetics/immunology/*therapy ; Precision Medicine/*methods ; Skin Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/therapy ; T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 102
    Publication Date: 2015-02-28
    Description: Reactivation of telomerase, the chromosome end-replicating enzyme, drives human cell immortality and cancer. Point mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene promoter occur at high frequency in multiple cancers, including urothelial cancer (UC), but their effect on telomerase function has been unclear. In a study of 23 human UC cell lines, we show that these promoter mutations correlate with higher levels of TERT messenger RNA (mRNA), TERT protein, telomerase enzymatic activity, and telomere length. Although previous studies found no relation between TERT promoter mutations and UC patient outcome, we find that elevated TERT mRNA expression strongly correlates with reduced disease-specific survival in two independent UC patient cohorts (n = 35; n = 87). These results suggest that high telomerase activity may be a better marker of aggressive UC tumors than TERT promoter mutations alone.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4640672/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4640672/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Borah, Sumit -- Xi, Linghe -- Zaug, Arthur J -- Powell, Natasha M -- Dancik, Garrett M -- Cohen, Scott B -- Costello, James C -- Theodorescu, Dan -- Cech, Thomas R -- CA075115/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA104106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA104106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA075115/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM099705/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM08759/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):1006-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1260200. Epub 2015 Feb 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. ; Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT 06226, USA. ; Children's Medical Research Institute and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. ; University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. ; University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. thomas.cech@colorado.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomarkers, Tumor/*genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Point Mutation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics ; Telomerase/*genetics/*metabolism ; *Telomere Homeostasis ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*enzymology/*genetics/pathology ; Urothelium/enzymology/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 103
    Publication Date: 2015-01-03
    Description: Some tissue types give rise to human cancers millions of times more often than other tissue types. Although this has been recognized for more than a century, it has never been explained. Here, we show that the lifetime risk of cancers of many different types is strongly correlated (0.81) with the total number of divisions of the normal self-renewing cells maintaining that tissue's homeostasis. These results suggest that only a third of the variation in cancer risk among tissues is attributable to environmental factors or inherited predispositions. The majority is due to "bad luck," that is, random mutations arising during DNA replication in normal, noncancerous stem cells. This is important not only for understanding the disease but also for designing strategies to limit the mortality it causes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4446723/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4446723/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomasetti, Cristian -- Vogelstein, Bert -- P30 CA006973/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA006973/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50-CA62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA57345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA043460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37-CA43460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 2;347(6217):78-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1260825.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 550 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ctomasetti@jhu.edu vogelbe@jhmi.edu. ; Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ctomasetti@jhu.edu vogelbe@jhmi.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25554788" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division/*genetics ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/classification/*epidemiology/*genetics ; Risk ; Stem Cells/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 104
    Publication Date: 2015-05-09
    Description: Immunosuppression after measles is known to predispose people to opportunistic infections for a period of several weeks to months. Using population-level data, we show that measles has a more prolonged effect on host resistance, extending over 2 to 3 years. We find that nonmeasles infectious disease mortality in high-income countries is tightly coupled to measles incidence at this lag, in both the pre- and post-vaccine eras. We conclude that long-term immunologic sequelae of measles drive interannual fluctuations in nonmeasles deaths. This is consistent with recent experimental work that attributes the immunosuppressive effects of measles to depletion of B and T lymphocytes. Our data provide an explanation for the long-term benefits of measles vaccination in preventing all-cause infectious disease. By preventing measles-associated immune memory loss, vaccination protects polymicrobial herd immunity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mina, Michael J -- Metcalf, C Jessica E -- de Swart, Rik L -- Osterhaus, A D M E -- Grenfell, Bryan T -- T32 GM008169/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 8;348(6235):694-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa3662. Epub 2015 May 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. michael.j.mina@gmail.com. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. ; Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25954009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Child ; *Child Mortality ; Child, Preschool ; England/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory ; *Immunomodulation ; Incidence ; Lymphocyte Depletion ; Male ; Measles/*epidemiology/*immunology/prevention & control ; Measles Vaccine/administration & dosage/*immunology ; Opportunistic Infections/immunology/*mortality/*prevention & control ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Time Factors ; United States/epidemiology ; Vaccination ; Wales/epidemiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 105
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: Guedes et al. have drawn attention to a mismatch between the predictions of their "thermal niche model" and the records we have published of early barley finds in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Here, we consider how that mismatch usefully draws our attention to the additional variables that may account for it-namely, variations in genetic expression and agricultural practice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dong, Guanghui -- Zhang, Dongju -- Liu, Xinyi -- Liu, Fengwen -- Chen, Fahu -- Jones, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):872. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa7573.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China. ghdong@lzu.edu.cn liuxinyi@wustl.edu. ; Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China. ; Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. ghdong@lzu.edu.cn liuxinyi@wustl.edu. ; McDonald Institute of Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3ER, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history ; *Altitude ; Humans
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  • 106
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rossetto, Tiziana -- Pain, Elisabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 23;347(6220):450. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6220.450.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Elisabeth Pain is Science Careers' contributing editor for Europe. For more on life and careers, visit www.sciencecareers.org. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25613891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Disasters ; *Earthquakes ; *Engineering ; Humans ; *Tsunamis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 107
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are often characterized as remedies to educational disparities related to social class. Using data from 68 MOOCs offered by Harvard and MIT between 2012 and 2014, we found that course participants from the United States tended to live in more-affluent and better-educated neighborhoods than the average U.S. resident. Among those who did register for courses, students with greater socioeconomic resources were more likely to earn a certificate. Furthermore, these differences in MOOC access and completion were larger for adolescents and young adults, the traditional ages where people find on-ramps into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) coursework and careers. Our findings raise concerns that MOOCs and similar approaches to online learning can exacerbate rather than reduce disparities in educational outcomes related to socioeconomic status.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, John D -- Reich, Justin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1245-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3782. Epub 2015 Dec 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. john_hansen@mail.harvard.edu. ; Office of Digital Learning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Career Choice ; Certification/*methods ; Education, Distance/*methods ; Engineering/education ; Humans ; Internet ; Learning ; Mathematics/education ; *Online Systems ; Science/education ; *Social Class ; Students ; Technology/education ; United States ; Young Adult
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 108
    Publication Date: 2015-08-22
    Description: Food-web dynamics arise from predator-prey, parasite-host, and herbivore-plant interactions. Models for such interactions include up to three consumer activity states (questing, attacking, consuming) and up to four resource response states (susceptible, exposed, ingested, resistant). Articulating these states into a general model allows for dissecting, comparing, and deriving consumer-resource models. We specify this general model for 11 generic consumer strategies that group mathematically into predators, parasites, and micropredators and then derive conditions for consumer success, including a universal saturating functional response. We further show how to use this framework to create simple models with a common mathematical lineage and transparent assumptions. Underlying assumptions, missing elements, and composite parameters are revealed when classic consumer-resource models are derived from the general model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lafferty, Kevin D -- DeLeo, Giulio -- Briggs, Cheryl J -- Dobson, Andrew P -- Gross, Thilo -- Kuris, Armand M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 21;349(6250):854-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa6224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Marine Science Institute, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. klafferty@usgs.gov. ; Hopkins Marine Station Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. ; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. Santa Fe Institute, Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM, USA. ; Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26293960" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Food Chain ; Herbivory ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Parasites/classification ; Plants/parasitology ; Population Growth
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 109
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Borniger, Jeremy C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):882. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6262.882.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jeremy C. Borniger is a Ph.D. candidate in the neuroscience program at Ohio State University, Columbus. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26564857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Humans ; *Neurosciences ; Ohio ; Research Personnel/psychology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 110
    Publication Date: 2015-03-15
    Description: TREK-2 (KCNK10/K2P10), a two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channel, is gated by multiple stimuli such as stretch, fatty acids, and pH and by several drugs. However, the mechanisms that control channel gating are unclear. Here we present crystal structures of the human TREK-2 channel (up to 3.4 angstrom resolution) in two conformations and in complex with norfluoxetine, the active metabolite of fluoxetine (Prozac) and a state-dependent blocker of TREK channels. Norfluoxetine binds within intramembrane fenestrations found in only one of these two conformations. Channel activation by arachidonic acid and mechanical stretch involves conversion between these states through movement of the pore-lining helices. These results provide an explanation for TREK channel mechanosensitivity, regulation by diverse stimuli, and possible off-target effects of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor Prozac.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dong, Yin Yao -- Pike, Ashley C W -- Mackenzie, Alexandra -- McClenaghan, Conor -- Aryal, Prafulla -- Dong, Liang -- Quigley, Andrew -- Grieben, Mariana -- Goubin, Solenne -- Mukhopadhyay, Shubhashish -- Ruda, Gian Filippo -- Clausen, Michael V -- Cao, Lishuang -- Brennan, Paul E -- Burgess-Brown, Nicola A -- Sansom, Mark S P -- Tucker, Stephen J -- Carpenter, Elisabeth P -- 084655/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 092809/Z/10/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):1256-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1261512.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK. ; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK. Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK. ; Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK. OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PN, UK. ; Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK. OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PN, UK. Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK. ; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK. Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK. ; Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK. ; Pfizer Neusentis, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK. ; OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PN, UK. Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK. ; Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK. OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PN, UK. liz.carpenter@sgc.ox.ac.uk stephen.tucker@physics.ox.ac.uk. ; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK. OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PN, UK. liz.carpenter@sgc.ox.ac.uk stephen.tucker@physics.ox.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arachidonic Acid/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Fluoxetine/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Potassium/metabolism ; Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain/antagonists & ; inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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  • 111
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tran, Amanda P -- Silver, Jerry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 17;348(6232):285-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1615. Epub 2015 Apr 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. ; Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. jxs10@case.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*drug effects ; Cicatrix/*prevention & control ; Epothilones/*administration & dosage ; Humans ; Nerve Regeneration/*drug effects ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*drug therapy ; Tubulin Modulators/*administration & dosage
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  • 112
    Publication Date: 2015-12-15
    Description: People learning new concepts can often generalize successfully from just a single example, yet machine learning algorithms typically require tens or hundreds of examples to perform with similar accuracy. People can also use learned concepts in richer ways than conventional algorithms-for action, imagination, and explanation. We present a computational model that captures these human learning abilities for a large class of simple visual concepts: handwritten characters from the world's alphabets. The model represents concepts as simple programs that best explain observed examples under a Bayesian criterion. On a challenging one-shot classification task, the model achieves human-level performance while outperforming recent deep learning approaches. We also present several "visual Turing tests" probing the model's creative generalization abilities, which in many cases are indistinguishable from human behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lake, Brenden M -- Salakhutdinov, Ruslan -- Tenenbaum, Joshua B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 11;350(6266):1332-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3050.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Data Science, New York University, 726 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, USA. brenden@nyu.edu. ; Department of Computer Science and Department of Statistics, University of Toronto, 6 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada. ; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26659050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Bayes Theorem ; *Computer Simulation ; *Concept Formation ; *Generalization (Psychology) ; Humans ; *Machine Learning
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  • 113
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-25
    Description: Developments in the use of genomics to guide natural product discovery and a recent emphasis on understanding the molecular mechanisms of microbiota-host interactions have converged on the discovery of small molecules from the human microbiome. Here, we review what is known about small molecules produced by the human microbiota. Numerous molecules representing each of the major metabolite classes have been found that have a variety of biological activities, including immune modulation and antibiosis. We discuss technologies that will affect how microbiota-derived molecules are discovered in the future and consider the challenges inherent in finding specific molecules that are critical for driving microbe-host and microbe-microbe interactions and understanding their biological relevance.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4641445/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4641445/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Donia, Mohamed S -- Fischbach, Michael A -- AI101018/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK101674/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD007290/OD/NIH HHS/ -- GM081879/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- OD007290/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM081879/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI101018/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK101674/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 24;349(6246):1254766. doi: 10.1126/science.1254766. Epub 2015 Jul 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. donia@princeton.edu fischbach@fischbachgroup.org. ; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. donia@princeton.edu fischbach@fischbachgroup.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibiosis ; Bacteriocins/isolation & purification/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Biological Products/isolation & purification/metabolism/pharmacology ; Enterotoxins/isolation & purification/metabolism/pharmacology ; Glycolipids/isolation & purification/metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunomodulation ; *Microbiota ; Oligosaccharides/isolation & purification/metabolism/pharmacology ; Peptides/isolation & purification/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; Terpenes/isolation & purification/metabolism/pharmacology
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  • 114
    Publication Date: 2015-11-01
    Description: It is unknown whether the human immune system frequently mounts a T cell response against mutations expressed by common epithelial cancers. Using a next-generation sequencing approach combined with high-throughput immunologic screening, we demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from 9 out of 10 patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancers contained CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) T cells that recognized one to three neo-epitopes derived from somatic mutations expressed by the patient's own tumor. There were no immunogenic epitopes shared between these patients. However, we identified in one patient a human leukocyte antigen-C*08:02-restricted T cell receptor from CD8(+) TILs that targeted the KRAS(G12D) hotspot driver mutation found in many human cancers. Thus, a high frequency of patients with common gastrointestinal cancers harbor immunogenic mutations that can potentially be exploited for the development of highly personalized immunotherapies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tran, Eric -- Ahmadzadeh, Mojgan -- Lu, Yong-Chen -- Gros, Alena -- Turcotte, Simon -- Robbins, Paul F -- Gartner, Jared J -- Zheng, Zhili -- Li, Yong F -- Ray, Satyajit -- Wunderlich, John R -- Somerville, Robert P -- Rosenberg, Steven A -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 11;350(6266):1387-90. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1253. Epub 2015 Oct 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. sar@mail.nih.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/*genetics/*immunology/therapy ; HLA-C Antigens/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Immunodominant Epitopes/genetics/immunology ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Precision Medicine/methods ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; ras Proteins/genetics/immunology
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  • 115
    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: Prostate cancer is initially responsive to androgen deprivation, but the effectiveness of androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors in recurrent disease is variable. Biopsy of bone metastases is challenging; hence, sampling circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may reveal drug-resistance mechanisms. We established single-cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) profiles of 77 intact CTCs isolated from 13 patients (mean six CTCs per patient), by using microfluidic enrichment. Single CTCs from each individual display considerable heterogeneity, including expression of AR gene mutations and splicing variants. Retrospective analysis of CTCs from patients progressing under treatment with an AR inhibitor, compared with untreated cases, indicates activation of noncanonical Wnt signaling (P = 0.0064). Ectopic expression of Wnt5a in prostate cancer cells attenuates the antiproliferative effect of AR inhibition, whereas its suppression in drug-resistant cells restores partial sensitivity, a correlation also evident in an established mouse model. Thus, single-cell analysis of prostate CTCs reveals heterogeneity in signaling pathways that could contribute to treatment failure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyamoto, David T -- Zheng, Yu -- Wittner, Ben S -- Lee, Richard J -- Zhu, Huili -- Broderick, Katherine T -- Desai, Rushil -- Fox, Douglas B -- Brannigan, Brian W -- Trautwein, Julie -- Arora, Kshitij S -- Desai, Niyati -- Dahl, Douglas M -- Sequist, Lecia V -- Smith, Matthew R -- Kapur, Ravi -- Wu, Chin-Lee -- Shioda, Toshi -- Ramaswamy, Sridhar -- Ting, David T -- Toner, Mehmet -- Maheswaran, Shyamala -- Haber, Daniel A -- 2R01CA129933/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EB008047/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 18;349(6254):1351-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aab0917.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Center for Bioengineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. haber@helix.mgh.harvard.edu smaheswaran@mgh.harvard.edu. ; Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. haber@helix.mgh.harvard.edu smaheswaran@mgh.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26383955" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgen Antagonists/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/drug effects/*metabolism ; Phenylthiohydantoin/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Prostate/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Splicing ; Receptors, Androgen/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods ; Signal Transduction ; Single-Cell Analysis/methods ; Transcriptome ; Wnt Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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  • 116
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Traniello, Ian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 11;349(6253):1176. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6253.1176-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA. traniel2@illinois.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26359395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Prisoners/*education ; Prisons/*education ; Science/*education
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  • 117
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: Glucosepane is a structurally complex protein posttranslational modification that is believed to exist in all living organisms. Research in humans suggests that glucosepane plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of both diabetes and human aging, yet comprehensive biological investigations of this metabolite have been hindered by a scarcity of chemically homogeneous material available for study. Here we report the total synthesis of glucosepane, enabled by the development of a one-pot method for preparation of the nonaromatic 4H-imidazole tautomer in the core. Our synthesis is concise (eight steps starting from commercial materials), convergent, high-yielding (12% overall), and enantioselective. We expect that these results will prove useful in the art and practice of heterocyclic chemistry and beneficial for the study of glucosepane and its role in human health and disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Draghici, Cristian -- Wang, Tina -- Spiegel, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 16;350(6258):294-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9655.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. david.spiegel@yale.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/chemistry ; Glucose/chemistry ; Glycosylation End Products, Advanced/*chemical synthesis ; Humans ; Imidazoles/chemical synthesis ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 118
    Publication Date: 2015-06-27
    Description: Rugani et al. (Reports, 30 January 2015, p. 534) presented evidence that domestic chicks employ a "mental number line." I argue that the hypothesis testing used to support this claim unjustifiably assumes that domestic chicks are unbiased when choosing between identical stimuli presented to their left and right.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harshaw, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 26;348(6242):1438. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9565.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113714" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chickens/*physiology ; *Cognition ; Humans ; *Mathematical Concepts ; *Mental Processes ; *Spatial Processing
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 119
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hao, Rongzhang -- Zhao, Rongtao -- Qiu, Shaofu -- Wang, Ligui -- Song, Hongbin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 5;348(6239):1100-1. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6239.1100-d. Epub 2015 Jun 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China. ; Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China. hongbinsong@263.net.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26045427" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*analysis ; China ; *Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Food Contamination/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Livestock ; Meat/analysis ; Swine ; Waste Water/analysis ; Water Pollution/*prevention & control ; Water Supply/analysis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 120
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Travis, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 18;350(6267):1456-7. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6267.1456.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26680172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/genetics ; *CRISPR-Cas Systems ; *Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; DNA/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Gene Targeting/*methods ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; Genome/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Organisms, Genetically Modified
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  • 121
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Travis, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 11;350(6266):1299-300. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6266.1299.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26659031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: CRISPR-Cas Systems ; *Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; DNA/*genetics ; *Gene Targeting/adverse effects/ethics/methods ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics/*therapy ; *Genetic Engineering/adverse effects/ethics/methods ; *Germ Cells ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans
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  • 122
    Publication Date: 2015-06-20
    Description: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) relay diverse extracellular signals into cells by catalyzing nucleotide release from heterotrimeric G proteins, but the mechanism underlying this quintessential molecular signaling event has remained unclear. Here we use atomic-level simulations to elucidate the nucleotide-release mechanism. We find that the G protein alpha subunit Ras and helical domains-previously observed to separate widely upon receptor binding to expose the nucleotide-binding site-separate spontaneously and frequently even in the absence of a receptor. Domain separation is necessary but not sufficient for rapid nucleotide release. Rather, receptors catalyze nucleotide release by favoring an internal structural rearrangement of the Ras domain that weakens its nucleotide affinity. We use double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy and protein engineering to confirm predictions of our computationally determined mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dror, Ron O -- Mildorf, Thomas J -- Hilger, Daniel -- Manglik, Aashish -- Borhani, David W -- Arlow, Daniel H -- Philippsen, Ansgar -- Villanueva, Nicolas -- Yang, Zhongyu -- Lerch, Michael T -- Hubbell, Wayne L -- Kobilka, Brian K -- Sunahara, Roger K -- Shaw, David E -- P30EY00331/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01EY05216/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM083118/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008294/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 19;348(6241):1361-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5264.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY 10036, USA. ron.dror@deshawresearch.com david.shaw@deshawresearch.com. ; D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY 10036, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ; Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. ; D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY 10036, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. ron.dror@deshawresearch.com david.shaw@deshawresearch.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26089515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/*chemistry ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/*chemistry ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/*chemistry ; Humans ; Models, Chemical ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*chemistry ; Signal Transduction
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  • 123
    Publication Date: 2015-06-27
    Description: Mangalam and Karve raise concerns on whether our results demonstrate a mental number line, suggesting auxiliary experiments. Further data analyses show that their methodological concerns are not founded. Harshaw suggests that a side bias could have affected our results. We show that this concern is also unfounded.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rugani, Rosa -- Vallortigara, Giorgio -- Priftis, Konstantinos -- Regolin, Lucia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 26;348(6242):1438. doi: 10.1126/science.aab0002.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto (Trento), Italy. Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. rosa.rugani@unitn.it rosa.rugani@unipd.it. ; Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto (Trento), Italy. ; Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chickens/*physiology ; *Cognition ; Humans ; *Mathematical Concepts ; *Mental Processes ; *Spatial Processing
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  • 124
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bouziat, Romain -- Jabri, Bana -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):742-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6768.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Committee on Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Committee on Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. bjabri@bsd.uchicago.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26564835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Capillary Permeability/*immunology ; Humans ; Intestines/*immunology/*microbiology ; Microbiota/*immunology ; Salmonella Infections/*immunology ; Salmonella typhimurium/*immunology
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  • 125
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: Humans represent numbers along a mental number line (MNL), where smaller values are located on the left and larger on the right. The origin of the MNL and its connections with cultural experience are unclear: Pre-verbal infants and nonhuman species master a variety of numerical abilities, supporting the existence of evolutionary ancient precursor systems. In our experiments, 3-day-old domestic chicks, once familiarized with a target number (5), spontaneously associated a smaller number (2) with the left space and a larger number (8) with the right space. The same number (8), though, was associated with the left space when the target number was 20. Similarly to humans, chicks associate smaller numbers with the left space and larger numbers with the right space.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rugani, Rosa -- Vallortigara, Giorgio -- Priftis, Konstantinos -- Regolin, Lucia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):534-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1379.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto (Trento), Italy. rosa.rugani@unipd.it. ; Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto (Trento), Italy. ; Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635096" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Chickens/*physiology ; *Cognition ; Humans ; *Mathematical Concepts ; *Mental Processes ; *Spatial Processing
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  • 126
    Publication Date: 2015-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lambertucci, Sergio A -- Shepard, Emily L C -- Wilson, Rory P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 1;348(6234):502-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa6743. Epub 2015 Apr 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Bariloche, 8400, Argentina. slambertucci@comahue-conicet.gob.ar. ; Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Biosciences, Swansea University, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Extinction, Biological ; Humans ; Introduced Species ; Ranidae
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  • 127
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: Massive data collection by businesses and governments calls into question traditional methods for protecting privacy, underpinned by two core principles: (i) notice, that there should be no data collection system whose existence is secret, and (ii) consent, that data collected for one purpose not be used for another without user permission. But notice, designated as a fundamental privacy principle in a different era, makes little sense in situations where collection consists of lots and lots of small amounts of information, whereas consent is no longer realistic, given the complexity and number of decisions that must be made. Thus, efforts to protect privacy by controlling use of data are gaining more attention. I discuss relevant technology, policy, and law, as well as some examples that can illuminate the way.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landau, Susan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):504-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4961.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA. susan.landau@privacyink.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Computer Security ; *Data Collection/legislation & jurisprudence ; Genetic Privacy/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; *Information Dissemination/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Informed Consent ; *Internet/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Privacy/legislation & jurisprudence ; Security Measures ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haussecker, Dirk -- Kay, Mark A -- R01 AI071068/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 6;347(6226):1069-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1252967.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RNAi Therapeutics Consulting, Rastatt, Germany. dirk.haussecker@gmail.com markay@stanford.edu. ; Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. dirk.haussecker@gmail.com markay@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25745148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial/genetics/therapy ; Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy ; *Drug Delivery Systems ; *Drug Discovery ; Gene Targeting/*methods ; Hepatitis B/*therapy ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms/therapy ; Nanoparticles/*administration & dosage/chemistry ; Prealbumin/genetics ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/antagonists & inhibitors ; RNA, Small Interfering/*genetics ; Templates, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 129
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-08-22
    Description: Humans rely on healthy forests to supply energy, building materials, and food and to provide services such as storing carbon, hosting biodiversity, and regulating climate. Defining forest health integrates utilitarian and ecosystem measures of forest condition and function, implemented across a range of spatial scales. Although native forests are adapted to some level of disturbance, all forests now face novel stresses in the form of climate change, air pollution, and invasive pests. Detecting how intensification of these stresses will affect the trajectory of forests is a major scientific challenge that requires developing systems to assess the health of global forests. It is particularly critical to identify thresholds for rapid forest decline, because it can take many decades for forests to restore the services that they provide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trumbore, S -- Brando, P -- Hartmann, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 21;349(6250):814-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aac6759.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany. University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. trumbore@bgc-jena.mpg.de. ; Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazonia, Belem, Para 66035-170, Brazil. Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02450, USA. ; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26293952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Environmental Monitoring ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; *Forests ; Humans ; *Stress, Physiological ; Trees/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 130
    Publication Date: 2015-04-18
    Description: Human-driven environmental changes may simultaneously affect the biodiversity, productivity, and stability of Earth's ecosystems, but there is no consensus on the causal relationships linking these variables. Data from 12 multiyear experiments that manipulate important anthropogenic drivers, including plant diversity, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, fire, herbivory, and water, show that each driver influences ecosystem productivity. However, the stability of ecosystem productivity is only changed by those drivers that alter biodiversity, with a given decrease in plant species numbers leading to a quantitatively similar decrease in ecosystem stability regardless of which driver caused the biodiversity loss. These results suggest that changes in biodiversity caused by drivers of environmental change may be a major factor determining how global environmental changes affect ecosystem stability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hautier, Yann -- Tilman, David -- Isbell, Forest -- Seabloom, Eric W -- Borer, Elizabeth T -- Reich, Peter B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 17;348(6232):336-40. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1788.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK. Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. yann.hautier@plants.ox.ac.uk. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. Bren School of the Environment, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. ; Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; Carbon Dioxide ; Fires ; Herbivory ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Nitrogen ; *Plants ; Water
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brash, Douglas E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):867-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4435.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Therapeutic Radiology and Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. douglas.brash@yale.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*genetics ; *Clonal Evolution ; *Genes, Neoplasm ; Humans ; *Mutation ; *Selection, Genetic ; Skin Neoplasms/*genetics ; Tumor Burden/*genetics
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  • 132
    Publication Date: 2015-06-20
    Description: Villmoare et al. (Reports, 20 March 2015, p. 1352) report on a hominin mandible from the Ledi-Geraru research area, Ethiopia, which they claim to be the earliest known representative of the genus Homo. However, certain measurements and observations for Australopithecus sediba mandibles presented are incorrect or are not included in critical aspects of the study. When correctly used, these data demonstrate that specimen LD 350-1 cannot be unequivocally assigned to the genus Homo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hawks, John -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 19;348(6241):1326. doi: 10.1126/science.aab0591.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. jhawks@wisc.edu. ; Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. ; Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26089505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans
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  • 133
    Publication Date: 2015-03-15
    Description: After central nervous system (CNS) injury, inhibitory factors in the lesion scar and poor axon growth potential prevent axon regeneration. Microtubule stabilization reduces scarring and promotes axon growth. However, the cellular mechanisms of this dual effect remain unclear. Here, delayed systemic administration of a blood-brain barrier-permeable microtubule-stabilizing drug, epothilone B (epoB), decreased scarring after rodent spinal cord injury (SCI) by abrogating polarization and directed migration of scar-forming fibroblasts. Conversely, epothilone B reactivated neuronal polarization by inducing concerted microtubule polymerization into the axon tip, which propelled axon growth through an inhibitory environment. Together, these drug-elicited effects promoted axon regeneration and improved motor function after SCI. With recent clinical approval, epothilones hold promise for clinical use after CNS injury.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445125/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445125/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruschel, Jorg -- Hellal, Farida -- Flynn, Kevin C -- Dupraz, Sebastian -- Elliott, David A -- Tedeschi, Andrea -- Bates, Margaret -- Sliwinski, Christopher -- Brook, Gary -- Dobrindt, Kristina -- Peitz, Michael -- Brustle, Oliver -- Norenberg, Michael D -- Blesch, Armin -- Weidner, Norbert -- Bunge, Mary Bartlett -- Bixby, John L -- Bradke, Frank -- R01 HD057632/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059866/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 17;348(6232):347-52. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa2958. Epub 2015 Mar 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany. ; The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 Northwest 14th Terrace, Miami, FL33136, USA. ; Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200A, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Institute for Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University, Steinbergweg 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany. Julich-Aachen Research Alliance-Translational Brain Medicine. ; Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life&Brain Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany. ; Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA. ; Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany. frank.bradke@dzne.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25765066" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*drug effects/physiology ; Cell Movement/drug effects ; Cell Polarity/drug effects ; Cicatrix/pathology/*prevention & control ; Epothilones/*administration & dosage ; Fibroblasts/drug effects/pathology ; Humans ; Meninges/drug effects/pathology ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Nerve Regeneration/*drug effects ; Neurons/drug effects/pathology ; Rats ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*drug therapy/pathology/physiopathology ; Tubulin Modulators/*administration & dosage
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsai, Jessica W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 11;350(6266):1434. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6266.1434.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jessica W. Tsai is a resident physician in pediatrics at Boston Children's Hospital and Boston Medical Center and a member of STEM Education Advocacy Group. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26659057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; *Education, Medical, Graduate ; Humans ; *Medical Laboratory Personnel ; Molecular Biology/*education ; Neurosciences/*education ; *Physicians
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dunham-Snary, Kimberly J -- Ballinger, Scott W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 25;349(6255):1449-50. doi: 10.1126/science.aac5271.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. ; Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. sballing@uab.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26404813" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/*genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genetic Therapy/*ethics/*methods ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Mitochondria/*genetics ; Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics/*therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 136
    Publication Date: 2015-03-21
    Description: Deterioration of adult stem cells accounts for much of aging-associated compromised tissue maintenance. How stem cells maintain metabolic homeostasis remains elusive. Here, we identified a regulatory branch of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)), which is mediated by the interplay of SIRT7 and NRF1 and is coupled to cellular energy metabolism and proliferation. SIRT7 inactivation caused reduced quiescence, increased mitochondrial protein folding stress (PFS(mt)), and compromised regenerative capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). SIRT7 expression was reduced in aged HSCs, and SIRT7 up-regulation improved the regenerative capacity of aged HSCs. These findings define the deregulation of a UPR(mt)-mediated metabolic checkpoint as a reversible contributing factor for HSC aging.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447312/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447312/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mohrin, Mary -- Shin, Jiyung -- Liu, Yufei -- Brown, Katharine -- Luo, Hanzhi -- Xi, Yannan -- Haynes, Cole M -- Chen, Danica -- R01 AG040990/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01AG040061/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32 AG000266/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 20;347(6228):1374-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa2361.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Allied Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA. ; Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. danicac@berkeley.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Aging ; *Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Energy Metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism/*physiology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1/*metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Sirtuins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Unfolded Protein Response
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  • 137
    Publication Date: 2015-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tse, Zion Tsz Ho -- Xu, Sheng -- Fung, Isaac Chun-Hai -- Wood, Bradford J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 20;347(6228):1323-4. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6228.1323-b. Epub 2015 Mar 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. ziontse@uga.edu. ; Center for Interventional Oncology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Department of Epidemiology, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Computer Security ; *Equipment and Supplies ; Humans ; *Internet ; *Privacy
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  • 138
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-18
    Description: From the enraged robots in the 1920 play R.U.R. to the homicidal computer H.A.L. in 2001: A Space Odyssey, science fiction writers have embraced the dark side of artificial intelligence (AI) ever since the concept entered our collective imagination. Sluggish progress in AI research, especially during the "AI winter" of the 1970s and 1980s, made such worries seem far-fetched. But recent breakthroughs in machine learning and vast improvements in computational power have brought a flood of research funding- and fresh concerns about where AI may lead us. One researcher now speaking up is Stuart Russell, a computer scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, who with Peter Norvig, director of research at Google, wrote the premier AI textbook, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, now in its third edition. Last year, Russell joined the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk at Cambridge University in the United Kingdom as an AI expert focusing on "risks that could lead to human extinction." Among his chief concerns, which he aired at an April meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, run by the United Nations, is the danger of putting military drones and weaponry under the full control of AI systems. This interview has been edited for clarity and brevity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russell, Stuart -- Bohannon, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 17;349(6245):252. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6245.252.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26185241" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence/legislation & jurisprudence/standards/*trends ; Disasters/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Risk
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rutter, Guy A -- 098424/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):826-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa6810.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK. g.rutter@imperial.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Autophagy ; Humans ; Insulin/*secretion ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/*physiology ; Secretory Vesicles/*physiology
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  • 140
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) detects cytosolic DNA during virus infection and induces an antiviral state. cGAS signals by synthesis of a second messenger, cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING). We show that cGAMP is incorporated into viral particles, including lentivirus and herpesvirus virions, when these are produced in cGAS-expressing cells. Virions transferred cGAMP to newly infected cells and triggered a STING-dependent antiviral program. These effects were independent of exosomes and viral nucleic acids. Our results reveal a way by which a signal for innate immunity is transferred between cells, potentially accelerating and broadening antiviral responses. Moreover, infection of dendritic cells with cGAMP-loaded lentiviruses enhanced their activation. Loading viral vectors with cGAMP therefore holds promise for vaccine development.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4617605/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4617605/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bridgeman, A -- Maelfait, J -- Davenne, T -- Partridge, T -- Peng, Y -- Mayer, A -- Dong, T -- Kaever, V -- Borrow, P -- Rehwinkel, J -- 100954/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- AI 114266/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- MC_UU_12010/8/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MR/K012037/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 11;349(6253):1228-32. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3632. Epub 2015 Jul 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK. ; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK. ; Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. ; Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK. jan.rehwinkel@imm.ox.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26229117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology/virology ; Genes, Reporter ; Genetic Vectors/genetics/metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; HIV Infections/*immunology/metabolism/prevention & control ; HIV-1/genetics/*metabolism ; Herpes Simplex/*immunology/prevention & control ; Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines/immunology ; Herpesvirus 1, Human/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/genetics/immunology ; Interferon-beta/genetics/*immunology ; Nucleotides, Cyclic/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; *Second Messenger Systems ; Transcriptional Activation ; Virion/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 141
    Publication Date: 2015-03-15
    Description: Despite some notable successes in the control of infectious diseases, transmissible pathogens still pose an enormous threat to human and animal health. The ecological and evolutionary dynamics of infections play out on a wide range of interconnected temporal, organizational, and spatial scales, which span hours to months, cells to ecosystems, and local to global spread. Moreover, some pathogens are directly transmitted between individuals of a single species, whereas others circulate among multiple hosts, need arthropod vectors, or can survive in environmental reservoirs. Many factors, including increasing antimicrobial resistance, increased human connectivity and changeable human behavior, elevate prevention and control from matters of national policy to international challenge. In the face of this complexity, mathematical models offer valuable tools for synthesizing information to understand epidemiological patterns, and for developing quantitative evidence for decision-making in global health.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445966/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445966/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heesterbeek, Hans -- Anderson, Roy M -- Andreasen, Viggo -- Bansal, Shweta -- De Angelis, Daniela -- Dye, Chris -- Eames, Ken T D -- Edmunds, W John -- Frost, Simon D W -- Funk, Sebastian -- Hollingsworth, T Deirdre -- House, Thomas -- Isham, Valerie -- Klepac, Petra -- Lessler, Justin -- Lloyd-Smith, James O -- Metcalf, C Jessica E -- Mollison, Denis -- Pellis, Lorenzo -- Pulliam, Juliet R C -- Roberts, Mick G -- Viboud, Cecile -- Isaac Newton Institute IDD Collaboration -- U01 GM110721/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):aaa4339. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4339.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. j.a.p.heesterbeek@uu.nl. ; School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK. ; Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark. ; Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA. ; MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, UK. ; WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. ; Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene Tropical Medicine, London, UK. ; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ; School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, UK. School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK. ; Warwick Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. ; Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, UK. ; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. ; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. ; Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK. ; Department of Biology-Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. ; Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand. ; Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766240" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Reproduction Number ; Coinfection ; Communicable Disease Control ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology/transmission ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/transmission ; Disease Outbreaks ; *Global Health ; Health Policy ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Models, Biological ; *Public Health ; Zoonoses/epidemiology/transmission
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  • 142
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hegazy, Ahmed N -- Powrie, Fiona -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):929-30. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0865.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK. Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. ; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK. Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. fiona.powrie@kennedy.ox.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Colon/*immunology ; Humans ; *Immunity, Mucosal ; Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology/*microbiology ; Intestines/*microbiology ; Microbiota/*immunology ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/*metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology
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  • 143
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 20;347(6228):1302-7. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6228.1302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Female ; *Food Chain ; Humans ; Male ; *Predatory Behavior ; Puma ; Ruminants ; United States ; Ursidae ; Wolves
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  • 144
    Publication Date: 2015-01-24
    Description: Resolving the molecular details of proteome variation in the different tissues and organs of the human body will greatly increase our knowledge of human biology and disease. Here, we present a map of the human tissue proteome based on an integrated omics approach that involves quantitative transcriptomics at the tissue and organ level, combined with tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry, to achieve spatial localization of proteins down to the single-cell level. Our tissue-based analysis detected more than 90% of the putative protein-coding genes. We used this approach to explore the human secretome, the membrane proteome, the druggable proteome, the cancer proteome, and the metabolic functions in 32 different tissues and organs. All the data are integrated in an interactive Web-based database that allows exploration of individual proteins, as well as navigation of global expression patterns, in all major tissues and organs in the human body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Uhlen, Mathias -- Fagerberg, Linn -- Hallstrom, Bjorn M -- Lindskog, Cecilia -- Oksvold, Per -- Mardinoglu, Adil -- Sivertsson, Asa -- Kampf, Caroline -- Sjostedt, Evelina -- Asplund, Anna -- Olsson, IngMarie -- Edlund, Karolina -- Lundberg, Emma -- Navani, Sanjay -- Szigyarto, Cristina Al-Khalili -- Odeberg, Jacob -- Djureinovic, Dijana -- Takanen, Jenny Ottosson -- Hober, Sophia -- Alm, Tove -- Edqvist, Per-Henrik -- Berling, Holger -- Tegel, Hanna -- Mulder, Jan -- Rockberg, Johan -- Nilsson, Peter -- Schwenk, Jochen M -- Hamsten, Marica -- von Feilitzen, Kalle -- Forsberg, Mattias -- Persson, Lukas -- Johansson, Fredric -- Zwahlen, Martin -- von Heijne, Gunnar -- Nielsen, Jens -- Ponten, Fredrik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 23;347(6220):1260419. doi: 10.1126/science.1260419.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Proteomics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. mathias.uhlen@scilifelab.se. ; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Proteomics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden. ; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at Dortmund TU, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany. ; Lab Surgpath, Mumbai, India. ; Department of Proteomics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. ; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25613900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Cell Line ; *Databases, Protein ; Female ; Genes ; Genetic Code ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Array Analysis ; Protein Isoforms/genetics/metabolism ; Proteome/genetics/*metabolism ; Tissue Distribution ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 145
    Publication Date: 2015-05-16
    Description: The social organization of mobile hunter-gatherers has several derived features, including low within-camp relatedness and fluid meta-groups. Although these features have been proposed to have provided the selective context for the evolution of human hypercooperation and cumulative culture, how such a distinctive social system may have emerged remains unclear. We present an agent-based model suggesting that, even if all individuals in a community seek to live with as many kin as possible, within-camp relatedness is reduced if men and women have equal influence in selecting camp members. Our model closely approximates observed patterns of co-residence among Agta and Mbendjele BaYaka hunter-gatherers. Our results suggest that pair-bonding and increased sex egalitarianism in human evolutionary history may have had a transformative effect on human social organization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dyble, M -- Salali, G D -- Chaudhary, N -- Page, A -- Smith, D -- Thompson, J -- Vinicius, L -- Mace, R -- Migliano, A B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 15;348(6236):796-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University College London (UCL) Anthropology, 14 Taviton Street, London WC1H 0BW, UK. mark.dyble.12@ucl.ac.uk. ; University College London (UCL) Anthropology, 14 Taviton Street, London WC1H 0BW, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25977551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Cultural Evolution ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Psychological ; *Sex ; *Social Networking
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  • 146
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a growing family of immune cells that mirror the phenotypes and functions of T cells. However, in contrast to T cells, ILCs do not express acquired antigen receptors or undergo clonal selection and expansion when stimulated. Instead, ILCs react promptly to signals from infected or injured tissues and produce an array of secreted proteins termed cytokines that direct the developing immune response into one that is adapted to the original insult. The complex cross-talk between microenvironment, ILCs, and adaptive immunity remains to be fully deciphered. Only by understanding these complex regulatory networks can the power of ILCs be controlled or unleashed in order to regulate or enhance immune responses in disease prevention and therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eberl, Gerard -- Colonna, Marco -- Di Santo, James P -- McKenzie, Andrew N J -- 100963/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1U01AI095542/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- MC_U105178805/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01DE021255/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R21CA16719/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):aaa6566. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa6566. Epub 2015 May 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75724 Paris, France. gerard.eberl@pasteur.fr. ; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. ; Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, INSERM U668, 75724 Paris, France. ; Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptive Immunity ; Adipose Tissue/immunology ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone Marrow/immunology ; Cytokines/immunology ; Diet ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Immunotherapy ; Inflammation/immunology ; Liver/embryology/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Microbiota/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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  • 147
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Larson, Christina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 13;347(6223):704. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6223.704.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25678639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/drug effects/genetics/isolation & purification ; China ; *Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Food Industry ; Humans ; Lakes/*microbiology ; Manure/*microbiology ; *Meat ; Swine
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  • 148
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: Research in the genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism suggests that several hundred genes are likely risk factors for these disorders. This heterogeneity presents a challenge and an opportunity at the same time. Although the exact identity of many of the genes remains to be discovered, genes identified to date encode proteins that play roles in certain conserved pathways: protein synthesis, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, and synaptic signaling. The next generation of research in neurodevelopmental disorders must address the neural circuitry underlying the behavioral symptoms and comorbidities, the cell types playing critical roles in these circuits, and common intercellular signaling pathways that link diverse genes. Results from clinical trials have been mixed so far. Only when we can leverage the heterogeneity of neurodevelopmental disorders into precision medicine will the mechanism-based therapeutics for these disorders start to unlock success.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4739545/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4739545/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sahin, Mustafa -- Sur, Mriganka -- EF1451125/PHS HHS/ -- EY007023/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH085802/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS090473/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P20 NS080199/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD018655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U01 NS082320/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54 NS092090/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54NS092090/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263). pii: aab3897. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3897. Epub 2015 Oct 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉F. M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. mustafa.sahin@childrens.harvard.edu msur@mit.edu. ; Simons Center for the Social Brain, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. mustafa.sahin@childrens.harvard.edu msur@mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/drug therapy/genetics ; Behavior ; Brain/growth & development/metabolism ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Genes ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neural Pathways/metabolism ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/*drug therapy/*genetics ; Precision Medicine/*methods ; Protein Biosynthesis/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Translational Medical Research
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  • 149
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brubaker, Sky W -- Monack, Denise M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1207-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aac5835.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*immunology ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/*immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*immunology ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Sugar Phosphates/*immunology
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  • 150
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brugger, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):477-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4854.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. peter.brugger@usz.ch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635074" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chickens/*physiology ; *Cognition ; Humans ; *Mathematical Concepts ; *Mental Processes ; *Spatial Processing
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  • 151
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1188-90. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1188.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/blood/genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; Biological Clocks/genetics/*physiology ; Biomarkers/blood/metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Mice ; Rats ; Telomere Homeostasis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 152
    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Efferson, Charles -- Vogt, Sonja -- Elhadi, Amy -- Ahmed, Hilal El Fadil -- Fehr, Ernst -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 25;349(6255):1446-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa7978. Epub 2015 Sep 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland. charles.efferson@econ.uzh.ch sonja.vogt@econ.uzh.ch ernst.fehr@econ.uzh.ch. ; Khartoum, Sudan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26404811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Body Modification, Non-Therapeutic/*statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Genitalia, Female/*surgery ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Marriage/*psychology ; *Social Norms ; Sudan/epidemiology
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  • 153
    Publication Date: 2015-02-28
    Description: Ebola virus causes sporadic outbreaks of lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans, but there is no currently approved therapy. Cells take up Ebola virus by macropinocytosis, followed by trafficking through endosomal vesicles. However, few factors controlling endosomal virus movement are known. Here we find that Ebola virus entry into host cells requires the endosomal calcium channels called two-pore channels (TPCs). Disrupting TPC function by gene knockout, small interfering RNAs, or small-molecule inhibitors halted virus trafficking and prevented infection. Tetrandrine, the most potent small molecule that we tested, inhibited infection of human macrophages, the primary target of Ebola virus in vivo, and also showed therapeutic efficacy in mice. Therefore, TPC proteins play a key role in Ebola virus infection and may be effective targets for antiviral therapy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4550587/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4550587/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sakurai, Yasuteru -- Kolokoltsov, Andrey A -- Chen, Cheng-Chang -- Tidwell, Michael W -- Bauta, William E -- Klugbauer, Norbert -- Grimm, Christian -- Wahl-Schott, Christian -- Biel, Martin -- Davey, Robert A -- R01 AI063513/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI063513/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):995-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1258758.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. ; The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. ; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany. ; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. ; Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. ; Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. rdavey@txbiomed.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; BALB 3T3 Cells ; Benzylisoquinolines/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Calcium Channel Blockers/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Calcium Channels/genetics/*physiology ; Ebolavirus/drug effects/*physiology ; Female ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; HeLa Cells ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/drug therapy/*therapy/virology ; Humans ; Macrophages/drug effects/virology ; Mice ; *Molecular Targeted Therapy ; NADP/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Signal Transduction ; Verapamil/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Virus Internalization/*drug effects
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  • 154
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brummelkamp, Thijn R -- van Steensel, Bas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 26;348(6242):1433-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aac6529.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biochemistry and Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. t.brummelkamp@nki.nl b.v.steensel@nki.nl. ; Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands t.brummelkamp@nki.nl b.v.steensel@nki.nl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm/*metabolism ; *Chromosomal Position Effects ; *Gene Silencing ; Histones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Multiprotein Complexes/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 155
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Larson, Susan -- Grimm, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1187-8. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6240.1187.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068819" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Experimentation/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Animal Rights/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Animals ; Humans ; *Pan troglodytes ; Personhood
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  • 156
    Publication Date: 2015-07-04
    Description: Larger brains tend to have more folded cortices, but what makes the cortex fold has remained unknown. We show that the degree of cortical folding scales uniformly across lissencephalic and gyrencephalic species, across individuals, and within individual cortices as a function of the product of cortical surface area and the square root of cortical thickness. This relation is derived from the minimization of the effective free energy associated with cortical shape according to a simple physical model, based on known mechanisms of axonal elongation. This model also explains the scaling of the folding index of crumpled paper balls. We discuss the implications of this finding for the evolutionary and developmental origin of folding, including the newfound continuum between lissencephaly and gyrencephaly, and for pathologies such as human lissencephaly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mota, Bruno -- Herculano-Houzel, Suzana -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):74-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ; Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Instituto Nacional de Neurociencia Translacional, INCT/MCT, Sao Paulo, Brazil. suzanahh@gmail.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Count ; *Cerebral Cortex/cytology/embryology/pathology ; Humans ; Lissencephaly/*pathology ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons/*cytology/pathology ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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  • 157
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henriksen-Lacey, Malou -- Giner-Casares, Juan J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 11;349(6253):1254. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6253.1254.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Malou Henriksen-Lacey is a biologist with a background in immunology. Juan J. Giner-Casares is a physical chemist with a background in nanomaterials. Both are postdoctoral researchers at CIC biomaGUNE in San Sebastian, Spain. For more on life and careers, visit sciencecareers.org. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26359404" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Allergy and Immunology ; *Biology ; *Chemistry, Physical ; Female ; Humans ; *Interprofessional Relations ; Male ; *Nanostructures
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  • 158
    Publication Date: 2015-05-09
    Description: Efforts to identify host determinants for malaria have been hindered by the absence of a nucleus in erythrocytes, which precludes genetic manipulation in the cell in which the parasite replicates. We used cultured red blood cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells to carry out a forward genetic screen for Plasmodium falciparum host determinants. We found that CD55 is an essential host factor for P. falciparum invasion. CD55-null erythrocytes were refractory to invasion by all isolates of P. falciparum because parasites failed to attach properly to the erythrocyte surface. Thus, CD55 is an attractive target for the development of malaria therapeutics. Hematopoietic stem cell-based forward genetic screens may be valuable for the identification of additional host determinants of malaria pathogenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4465434/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4465434/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Egan, Elizabeth S -- Jiang, Rays H Y -- Moechtar, Mischka A -- Barteneva, Natasha S -- Weekes, Michael P -- Nobre, Luis V -- Gygi, Steven P -- Paulo, Joao A -- Frantzreb, Charles -- Tani, Yoshihiko -- Takahashi, Junko -- Watanabe, Seishi -- Goldberg, Jonathan -- Paul, Aditya S -- Brugnara, Carlo -- Root, David E -- Wiegand, Roger C -- Doench, John G -- Duraisingh, Manoj T -- 100140/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1K08AI103034-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K01 DK098285/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K01DK098285/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K08 AI103034/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K12-HD000850/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01AI091787/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 8;348(6235):711-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa3526.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Department of Global Health and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. ; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. ; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center, Osaka, Japan. ; Japanese Red Cross Kyushu Block Blood Center, Fukuoka, Japan. ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; The Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachussetts Insititute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USAA. ; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. The Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachussetts Insititute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USAA. mduraisi@hsph.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25954012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD44/genetics ; Antigens, CD55/*genetics ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Erythrocytes/cytology/metabolism/*parasitology ; Genetic Testing ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology ; Host-Parasite Interactions/*genetics ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/*genetics/*parasitology ; Plasmodium falciparum/*pathogenicity ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
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  • 159
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brunauer, Regina -- Kennedy, Brian K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 5;348(6239):1093-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA. ; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA. bkennedy@buckinstitute.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26045423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*metabolism ; Animals ; *Cell Aging ; Exodeoxyribonucleases/*metabolism ; Heterochromatin/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/*metabolism ; RecQ Helicases/*metabolism ; Werner Syndrome/*metabolism
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  • 160
    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) detects intracellular DNA and signals through the adapter protein STING to initiate the antiviral response to DNA viruses. Whether DNA viruses can prevent activation of the cGAS-STING pathway remains largely unknown. Here, we identify the oncogenes of the DNA tumor viruses, including E7 from human papillomavirus (HPV) and E1A from adenovirus, as potent and specific inhibitors of the cGAS-STING pathway. We show that the LXCXE motif of these oncoproteins, which is essential for blockade of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor, is also important for antagonizing DNA sensing. E1A and E7 bind to STING, and silencing of these oncogenes in human tumor cells restores the cGAS-STING pathway. Our findings reveal a host-virus conflict that may have shaped the evolution of viral oncogenes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lau, Laura -- Gray, Elizabeth E -- Brunette, Rebecca L -- Stetson, Daniel B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 30;350(6260):568-71. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3291. Epub 2015 Sep 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. ; Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. stetson@uw.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26405230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenovirus E1A Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; DNA Tumor Viruses/*immunology ; DNA, Neoplasm/immunology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; HEK293 Cells ; HeLa Cells ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleotides, Cyclic/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Retinoblastoma Protein/antagonists & inhibitors ; *Tumor Escape
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  • 161
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mueller, Kristen L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 3;348(6230):54-5. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6230.54.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25838372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/immunology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Mice ; Neoplasms/*immunology/*therapy ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology
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  • 162
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):911-2. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6251.911.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Dipeptides/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Frontotemporal Dementia/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; *Mutation ; Neurons/*metabolism/pathology ; Nuclear Pore/*metabolism ; Proteins/*genetics ; RNA/*metabolism
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  • 163
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: Inflammatory CD4(+) T cell responses to self or commensal bacteria underlie the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), respectively. Although selection of self-specific T cells in the thymus limits responses to mammalian tissue antigens, the mechanisms that control selection of commensal bacteria-specific T cells remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3)-intrinsic expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) is regulated similarly to thymic epithelial cells and that MHCII(+) ILC3s directly induce cell death of activated commensal bacteria-specific T cells. Further, MHCII on colonic ILC3s was reduced in pediatric IBD patients. Collectively, these results define a selection pathway for commensal bacteria-specific CD4(+) T cells in the intestine and suggest that this process is dysregulated in human IBD.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449822/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449822/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hepworth, Matthew R -- Fung, Thomas C -- Masur, Samuel H -- Kelsen, Judith R -- McConnell, Fiona M -- Dubrot, Juan -- Withers, David R -- Hugues, Stephanie -- Farrar, Michael A -- Reith, Walter -- Eberl, Gerard -- Baldassano, Robert N -- Laufer, Terri M -- Elson, Charles O -- Sonnenberg, Gregory F -- DK071176/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DP5 OD012116/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP5OD012116/OD/NIH HHS/ -- UL1-RR024134/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 29;348(6238):1031-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4812. Epub 2015 Apr 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. ; Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ; Medical Research Council, Centre for Immune Regulation, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. ; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland. ; Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, MN, USA. ; Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, Paris, France. ; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. ; Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. gfsonnenberg@med.cornell.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/immunology ; Autoimmunity ; Bacteria/*immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Colon/*microbiology ; Female ; Flagellin/genetics/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*immunology ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology/*microbiology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Symbiosis ; Thymus Gland/immunology
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  • 164
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1012-3. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6264.1012.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/*virology ; Animals ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/*transmission/*virology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Flavivirus/*classification ; Flavivirus Infections/epidemiology/*transmission/*virology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Incidence ; Oceania
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  • 165
    Publication Date: 2015-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sampson, Gabriel S -- Sanchirico, James N -- Roheim, Cathy A -- Bush, Simon R -- Taylor, J Edward -- Allison, Edward H -- Anderson, James L -- Ban, Natalie C -- Fujita, Rod -- Jupiter, Stacy -- Wilson, Jono R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 1;348(6234):504-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4639. Epub 2015 Apr 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ; University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Resources for the Future, Washington, DC 20036, USA. jsanchirico@ucdavis.edu. ; University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA. ; Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 LX, Netherlands. ; University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. ; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. ; University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada. ; Environmental Defense Fund, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA. ; Wildlife Conservation Society, Suva, Fiji. ; The Nature Conservancy, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Developing Countries ; Fisheries/*standards ; Humans ; Seafood/*standards
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  • 166
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: We compare estimates of peer effects on worker output in laboratory experiments and field studies from naturally occurring environments. The mean study-level estimate of a change in a worker's productivity in response to an increase in a co-worker's productivity (gamma) is gamma = 0.12 (SE = 0.03, n(studies) = 34), with a between-study standard deviation tau = 0.16. The mean estimated gamma-values are close between laboratory and field studies (gamma(lab) - gamma(field) = 0.04, P = 0.55, n(lab) = 11, n(field) = 23), as are estimates of between-study variance tau(2) (tau(lab)(2) - tau(field)(2) = -0.003, P = 0.89). The small mean difference between laboratory and field estimates holds even after controlling for sample characteristics such as incentive schemes and work complexity (gamma(lab) - gamma(field) = 0.03, P = 0.62, n(samples) = 46). Laboratory experiments generalize quantitatively in that they provide an accurate description of the mean and variance of productivity spillovers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herbst, Daniel -- Mas, Alexandre -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 30;350(6260):545-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9555.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section, Firestone Library, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ; Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section, Firestone Library, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), 53113 Bonn, Germany. amas@princeton.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Efficiency ; Humans ; Laboratories ; *Peer Group ; Workplace/*psychology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):575-7. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6248.575.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*cytology ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Cell Shape ; Humans ; Identity Crisis ; Interneurons/classification ; Mice ; Neuroanatomy/*methods ; Neurons/*classification ; Retina/cytology ; Silver Staining ; Visual Cortex/cytology
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  • 168
    Publication Date: 2015-03-31
    Description: Trypanosoma brucei, a causative agent of African Sleeping Sickness, constantly changes its dense variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat to avoid elimination by the immune system of its mammalian host, using an extensive repertoire of dedicated genes. However, the dynamics of VSG expression in T. brucei during an infection are poorly understood. We have developed a method, based on de novo assembly of VSGs, for quantitatively examining the diversity of expressed VSGs in any population of trypanosomes and monitored VSG population dynamics in vivo. Our experiments revealed unexpected diversity within parasite populations and a mechanism for diversifying the genome-encoded VSG repertoire. The interaction between T. brucei and its host is substantially more dynamic and nuanced than previously expected.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4514441/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4514441/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mugnier, Monica R -- Cross, George A M -- Papavasiliou, F Nina -- AI085973/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI085973/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI097127/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 27;347(6229):1470-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4502.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. ; Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. papavasiliou@rockefeller.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25814582" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigenic Variation ; Host-Parasite Interactions/*immunology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/*immunology ; Trypanosomiasis, African/*immunology ; Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma/*immunology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 31;349(6247):464. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6247.464.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26228122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*drug therapy/*metabolism/psychology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*metabolism ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/*drug effects/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic ; Cognition ; Humans ; Neuroimaging ; Neurosciences
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  • 170
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hering, J G -- Sedlak, D L -- Tortajada, C -- Biswas, A K -- Niwagaba, C -- Breu, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 31;349(6247):479-80. doi: 10.1126/science.aac5902.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland. Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland. School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. janet.hering@eawag.ch. ; University of California, Berkeley, ReNUWIt Engineering Research Center, Berkeley, USA. ; Cofounder, Third World Centre for Water Management, Atizapan, Mexico. Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore. ; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art, and Technology (CEDAT), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. ; Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26228131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agricultural Irrigation ; *Fresh Water ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; *Policy Making ; *Water Supply
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):569-70. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6248.569.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; Ebola Vaccines/*administration & dosage/immunology ; Guinea ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Vaccination
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  • 172
    Publication Date: 2015-06-20
    Description: A challenge for HIV-1 immunogen design is the difficulty of inducing neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against neutralization-resistant (tier 2) viruses that dominate human transmissions. We show that a soluble recombinant HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimer that adopts a native conformation, BG505 SOSIP.664, induced NAbs potently against the sequence-matched tier 2 virus in rabbits and similar but weaker responses in macaques. The trimer also consistently induced cross-reactive NAbs against more sensitive (tier 1) viruses. Tier 2 NAbs recognized conformational epitopes that differed between animals and in some cases overlapped with those recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), whereas tier 1 responses targeted linear V3 epitopes. A second trimer, B41 SOSIP.664, also induced a strong autologous tier 2 NAb response in rabbits. Thus, native-like trimers represent a promising starting point for the development of HIV-1 vaccines aimed at inducing bNAbs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4498988/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4498988/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanders, Rogier W -- van Gils, Marit J -- Derking, Ronald -- Sok, Devin -- Ketas, Thomas J -- Burger, Judith A -- Ozorowski, Gabriel -- Cupo, Albert -- Simonich, Cassandra -- Goo, Leslie -- Arendt, Heather -- Kim, Helen J -- Lee, Jeong Hyun -- Pugach, Pavel -- Williams, Melissa -- Debnath, Gargi -- Moldt, Brian -- van Breemen, Marielle J -- Isik, Gozde -- Medina-Ramirez, Max -- Back, Jaap Willem -- Koff, Wayne C -- Julien, Jean-Philippe -- Rakasz, Eva G -- Seaman, Michael S -- Guttman, Miklos -- Lee, Kelly K -- Klasse, Per Johan -- LaBranche, Celia -- Schief, William R -- Wilson, Ian A -- Overbaugh, Julie -- Burton, Dennis R -- Ward, Andrew B -- Montefiori, David C -- Dean, Hansi -- Moore, John P -- 280829/European Research Council/International -- HHSN27201100016C/PHS HHS/ -- P01 AI082362/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P51 OD011106/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P51OD011106/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076105/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI084817/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI036082/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI084817/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007266/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- UM1 AI100663/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 10;349(6244):aac4223. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4223. Epub 2015 Jun 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. jpm2003@med.cornell.edu rws2002@med.cornell.edu. ; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. ; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY 10004, USA. ; Pepscan Therapeutics, 8243RC Lelystad, Netherlands. ; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA. ; Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY 10004, USA. Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA. jpm2003@med.cornell.edu rws2002@med.cornell.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26089353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/*immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*immunology ; Cross Reactions ; Epitopes/immunology ; HIV Antibodies/*immunology ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Humans ; Macaca ; Protein Engineering ; Protein Multimerization ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/immunology ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/chemistry/genetics/*immunology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bruskotter, Jeremy T -- Nelson, Michael Paul -- Vucetich, John A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 18;349(6254):1294-5. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6254.1294-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. bruskotter.9@osu.edu. ; Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. ; School of Forest Resources and Environmental Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26383943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; Humans ; *Wolves
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 15;348(6236):742-3. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6236.742.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25977529" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Viral/blood/*therapeutic use ; Blood Donors ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Guinea ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/*immunology/*therapy ; Humans ; Immunization, Secondary ; Plasma/*immunology ; Plasma Exchange/*methods ; Plasmapheresis ; *Survivors ; Therapies, Investigational/*methods
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  • 175
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muller, Mike -- Biswas, Asit -- Martin-Hurtado, Roberto -- Tortajada, Cecilia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):585-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aac7606.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Governance, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. mike.muller@wits.ac.za. ; Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, Singapore, Singapore. Cofounder, Third World Centre for Water Management, Atizapan, Mexico. ; Alboran Consulting, London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250671" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Developing Countries ; Environment ; Humans ; Population ; Sewage ; Water Supply/*economics
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  • 176
    Publication Date: 2015-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 1;348(6234):485-6. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6234.485. Epub 2015 Apr 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ebola Vaccines/*administration & dosage ; Epidemics/*prevention & control ; Guinea/epidemiology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Humans
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1186-7. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6240.1186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiology ; Clinical Trials as Topic/*ethics ; Humans ; Implantable Neurostimulators/*ethics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neurosciences/*ethics ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Munk, Marion Ronit -- Ruckert, Rene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):470. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6233.470.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marion R. Munk is an M.D.-Ph.D. ophthalmologist with a background in immunology and clinical research. Rene Ruckert is an M.D.-MBA immunologist. Both now live in Bern. For more on life and careers, visit ScienceCareers.org. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Austria ; *Career Choice ; *Child Care ; Child Day Care Centers ; Child, Preschool ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Leadership ; *Return to Work ; *Sexism ; *Women, Working
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sansom, David M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 24;349(6246):377-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aac7888. Epub 2015 Jul 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK. d.sansom@ucl.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*metabolism ; Autoimmune Diseases/*drug therapy ; CTLA-4 Antigen/*deficiency ; Common Variable Immunodeficiency/*drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoconjugates/*therapeutic use ; Male
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):378-9. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6233.378.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain Injury, Chronic/*diagnosis/pathology ; Football/*injuries ; Humans ; Los Angeles ; Neuroimaging/*methods ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Universities ; tau Proteins/analysis
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sandrian, Michelle Gabriele -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 16;347(6219):346. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6219.346.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Michelle Gabriele Sandrian is now an assistant professor of ophthalmology and bioengineering at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania. For more on life and careers, visit www.sciencecareers.org. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25593190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Education, Graduate ; Europe ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; *Infant Care ; Male ; *Parental Leave ; United States ; *Women, Working
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hinde, Katie -- Lewis, Zachery T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 26;348(6242):1427-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aac7436.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA. khinde@fas.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bifidobacterium/isolation & purification/*physiology ; *Breast Feeding ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestines/*microbiology ; Microbiota/*physiology ; Milk, Human/*chemistry/*physiology ; *Oligosaccharides/analysis/chemistry/genetics ; Selection, Genetic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 27;347(6229):1408. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6229.1408.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25814565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Child Abuse/*psychology ; Child Abuse, Sexual/psychology ; Crime Victims/*psychology ; Family/psychology ; Humans ; Parents/psychology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 184
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-08-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 14;349(6249):679. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6249.679.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273034" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Communicable Diseases/*epidemiology/immunology ; *Ethnic Groups ; Federal Government ; Humans ; Immunity ; Peru/ethnology ; *Social Isolation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 185
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 27;347(6229):1406-7. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6229.1406.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25814563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*physiology ; Budgets ; Europe ; Humans ; Neurosciences/*economics
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  • 186
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):1186-7. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6227.1186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/pathology/*therapy ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage ; *Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy/*therapy ; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Mice ; Microbubbles ; Plaque, Amyloid/pathology/therapy ; *Ultrasonic Therapy
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):934-5. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6225.934.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioterrorism ; Botulinum Antitoxin/immunology ; Botulinum Toxins/*classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Botulism/*transmission ; Clostridium botulinum/*pathogenicity ; Humans ; Infant
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  • 188
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 5;348(6239):1078. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6239.1078.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26045416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; *Ethnic Groups ; Federal Government ; *Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Peru ; *Social Isolation ; *Transportation
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 5;348(6239):1075. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6239.1075.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26045415" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Communicable Disease Control/*methods ; *Disease Susceptibility ; *Ethnic Groups ; Eye Diseases/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Fever ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Peru ; Pharyngitis ; Rainforest ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Social Isolation ; Whooping Cough/epidemiology/prevention & control
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):498-500. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6221.498.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Communicable Diseases ; *Confidentiality ; Contact Tracing ; Disease Notification ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Medical Records ; *Privacy ; *Public Health ; *Public Health Surveillance
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  • 191
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savi, Alexander O -- van der Maas, Han L J -- Maris, Gunter K J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):958. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6225.958. Epub 2015 Feb 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, Netherlands. o.a.savi@gmail.com. ; Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Cito, Amsterdamseweg 13, 6814 CM, Arnhem, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722404" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; Education, Distance/*methods ; Humans ; *Information Dissemination ; *Online Systems
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  • 192
    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: Human mutations that truncate the massive sarcomere protein titin [TTN-truncating variants (TTNtvs)] are the most common genetic cause for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a major cause of heart failure and premature death. Here we show that cardiac microtissues engineered from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are a powerful system for evaluating the pathogenicity of titin gene variants. We found that certain missense mutations, like TTNtvs, diminish contractile performance and are pathogenic. By combining functional analyses with RNA sequencing, we explain why truncations in the A-band domain of TTN cause DCM, whereas truncations in the I band are better tolerated. Finally, we demonstrate that mutant titin protein in iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes results in sarcomere insufficiency, impaired responses to mechanical and beta-adrenergic stress, and attenuated growth factor and cell signaling activation. Our findings indicate that titin mutations cause DCM by disrupting critical linkages between sarcomerogenesis and adaptive remodeling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4618316/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4618316/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hinson, John T -- Chopra, Anant -- Nafissi, Navid -- Polacheck, William J -- Benson, Craig C -- Swist, Sandra -- Gorham, Joshua -- Yang, Luhan -- Schafer, Sebastian -- Sheng, Calvin C -- Haghighi, Alireza -- Homsy, Jason -- Hubner, Norbert -- Church, George -- Cook, Stuart A -- Linke, Wolfgang A -- Chen, Christopher S -- Seidman, J G -- Seidman, Christine E -- EB017103/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- HG005550/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HL007374/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL115553/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL125807/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08 HL125807/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 HL007208/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Department of Health/United Kingdom -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):982-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5458.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. jthinson@partners.org cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu. ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ; Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, MA 3/56 D-44780, Bochum, Germany. ; The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. ; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. ; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany. ; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease at Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK. National Heart Centre and Duke-National University, Singapore, Singapore. ; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. jthinson@partners.org cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/*genetics/pathology/*physiopathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Connectin/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*physiology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; *Mutation, Missense ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*physiology ; RNA/genetics/metabolism ; Sarcomeres/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 16;347(6219):219-20. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6219.219.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25593164" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Protocols ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; Ebola Vaccines/*administration & dosage/immunology ; Epidemics/*prevention & control ; Guinea/epidemiology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Humans
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-18
    Description: Natural language processing employs computational techniques for the purpose of learning, understanding, and producing human language content. Early computational approaches to language research focused on automating the analysis of the linguistic structure of language and developing basic technologies such as machine translation, speech recognition, and speech synthesis. Today's researchers refine and make use of such tools in real-world applications, creating spoken dialogue systems and speech-to-speech translation engines, mining social media for information about health or finance, and identifying sentiment and emotion toward products and services. We describe successes and challenges in this rapidly advancing area.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hirschberg, Julia -- Manning, Christopher D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 17;349(6245):261-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8685.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. julia@cs.columbia.edu. ; Department of Linguistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2150, USA. Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-9020, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26185244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Data Mining/*methods ; Humans ; *Natural Language Processing ; Social Media ; *Translating
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 5;348(6239):1072-9. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6239.1072.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26045414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Peru ; Rainforest ; *Social Isolation ; Vaccination
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  • 196
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: Chemokines are small proteins that function as immune modulators through activation of chemokine G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Several viruses also encode chemokines and chemokine receptors to subvert the host immune response. How protein ligands activate GPCRs remains unknown. We report the crystal structure at 2.9 angstrom resolution of the human cytomegalovirus GPCR US28 in complex with the chemokine domain of human CX3CL1 (fractalkine). The globular body of CX3CL1 is perched on top of the US28 extracellular vestibule, whereas its amino terminus projects into the central core of US28. The transmembrane helices of US28 adopt an active-state-like conformation. Atomic-level simulations suggest that the agonist-independent activity of US28 may be due to an amino acid network evolved in the viral GPCR to destabilize the receptor's inactive state.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445376/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445376/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burg, John S -- Ingram, Jessica R -- Venkatakrishnan, A J -- Jude, Kevin M -- Dukkipati, Abhiram -- Feinberg, Evan N -- Angelini, Alessandro -- Waghray, Deepa -- Dror, Ron O -- Ploegh, Hidde L -- Garcia, K Christopher -- DP1 GM106409/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097015/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 6;347(6226):1113-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5026.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. kcgarcia@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25745166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: CCR5 Receptor Antagonists/chemistry ; Chemokine CX3CL1/*chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyclohexanes/chemistry ; Humans ; Ligands ; Piperidines/chemistry ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptors, Chemokine/agonists/*chemistry ; Triazoles/chemistry ; Viral Proteins/agonists/*chemistry
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):469-73. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6221.469.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635069" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaloids/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Designer Drugs/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Legislation, Drug ; *Psychotropic Drugs/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Street Drugs/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- Chin, Gilbert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):490-1. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6221.490.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Computer Security ; *Confidentiality ; Humans ; *Information Dissemination ; *Privacy
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):473. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6221.473.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635070" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cannabinoids/adverse effects/chemical synthesis/supply & distribution ; *Designer Drugs/adverse effects/chemical synthesis/supply & distribution ; Humans ; *Street Drugs/adverse effects/chemical synthesis/supply & distribution ; Substance Abuse Detection
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burstein, Deborah -- Hall-Craggs, Margaret -- Tempany, Clare -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 16;350(6258):286. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6258.286-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. dburstei@bidmc.harvard.edu. ; University College Hospital London, London, NW1 BU, UK. ; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Parental Leave ; *Parturition ; *Sexism ; Women/*psychology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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