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  • 101
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: The book provides a comprehensive overview of nanostructures and methods used to design biosensors, as well as applications for these biosensor nanotechnologies in the biological, chemical, and environmental monitoring fields. Biological sensing has proven to be an essential tool for understanding living systems, but it also has practical applications in medicine, drug discovery, food safety, environmental monitoring, defense, personal security, etc. In healthcare, advancements in telecommunications, expert systems, and distributed diagnostics are challenging current delivery models, while robust industrial sensors enable new approaches to research and development. Experts from around the world have written five articles on topics including:Diagnosing and treating intraocular cancers such as retinoblastoma; Nanomedicine in cancer management; Engineered nanomaterials in osteosarcoma diagnosis and treatment; Practical design of nanoscale devices; Detect alkaline phosphatase quantitatively in clinical diagnosis; Progress in the area of non-enzymatic sensing of dual/multi biomolecules; Developments in non-enzymatic glucose and H2O2 (NEGH) sensing; Multi-functionalized nanocarrier therapies for targeting retinoblastoma; Galactose functionalized nanocarriers; Sensing performance, electro-catalytic mechanism, and morphology and design of electrode materials; Biosensors along with their applications and the benefits of machine learning; Innovative approaches to improve the NEGH sensitivity, selectivity, and stability in real-time applications; Challenges and solutions in the field of biosensors.
    Keywords: advanced nanomaterials ; dual in-line sensing ; bi-functional properties ; non-enzymatic ; electrochemical sensing ; glucose and H2O2 ; nanotechnology ; bone diseases ; drug delivery ; nanocarriers ; osteosarcoma ; tumor-targeted ; retinoblastoma ; rare cancer ; surface-tailored multi-functionalized nanoparticles ; metallic nanoparticle ; tumor-suppressor gene mutation ; alkaline phosphatase ; terminal protection ; copper nanoparticle ; fluorescence ; biosensor ; electrochemical ; sensitivity ; amperometric ; voltammetric ; food quality monitoring ; machine learning ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 102
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Silica and silicon-based nanostructures are now well-understood materials for which the technologies are mature. The most obvious applications, such as electronic devices, have been widely explored over the last two decades. The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together the state of the art in the field and to enable the emergence of new ideas and concepts for silicon and silica-based nanostructures.
    Keywords: maize ; NPK ; SiO2-NPs ; productivity ; fertilizer ; mineral ; weevils ; LC50 ; toxicity ; mesoporous silica ; nanomaterials ; desulfurization ; fuel ; JP-8 ; black silicon ; light absorption enhanced ; micro-nano manufacturing ; nanometer surface ; nano-silica ; tricalcium aluminate ; pozzolanic reaction ; C-A-S-H gel ; silicon nanoparticles ; silicon nanowires ; synthesis ; high energy density ; lithium-ion batteries ; high-capacity anode ; VLS ; laser pyrolysis ; size effect ; shape effect ; biomass rice husk ; silicon ; nanocrystals ; luminescence ; high porosity ; pH sensor ; temperature sensor ; dual sensor ; metal-assisted chemical etching ; Si nanostructures ; high aspect ratio ; zone plate ; silicon nanowire ; nanowire array ; silicon anode ; n-type silicon anode ; Li-ion battery ; nanowires ; nanonets ; transistor ; integration process ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 103
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The intention of this Special Issue is to focus on new aspects of drug discovery, including the search for new molecular targets of various diseases, the creation of new modern methods for diagnosing diseases, the development of new test systems and kits for assessing the selectivity and effectiveness of new drugs, the study of the molecular mechanisms of biologically active compounds, the formulation of new drugs, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, and preclinical trials of important molecules.
    Keywords: Streptococci ; antimicrobials ; QSAR ; MD simulation ; Kunitz-type peptides ; neuroprotective activity ; sea anemones ; TRPV1 ; P2X7R ; Parkinson’s disease (PD) ; diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) ; deep neural network ; drug discovery ; drug combination ; biomarker ; cancer severity ; cancer prognosis ; MAFB ; tumor-associated macrophages ; prostate cancer ; photodynamic therapy ; magnetic resonance imaging ; ex vivo ; anti-inflammatory substance ; N-acylhydrazone ; naphthyl-N-acylhydrazone ; LASSBio-1524 analogues ; phosphacoumarin ; azomethine ylide ; cycloaddition ; anti-cancer ; cytotoxicity ; quantum chemistry ; pravastatin ; metformin ; radiation-induced intestinal injury ; minipigs ; epithelial regeneration ; inflammation ; arylazo sulfones ; DNA binding ; DNA cleavage ; DNA photocleavage ; A375 melanoma cells ; molecular docking ; radicals ; N–S bond homolysis ; platinum(II) ; five-coordinate complexes ; glycoconjugation ; cytotoxic activity ; protein X-ray structure ; lipophilicity ; natural products ; acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ; butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors ; Alzheimer’s disease ; central nervous system ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 104
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In this book are reported nine works related to land subsidence monitoring using remote sensing techniques. Land subsidence is a common phenomenon in many regions of the world, where it causes degradation of local ecosystems and disruption of economic activities. Its effects are more evident in densely populated areas in particular in low-lying territories such as river deltas and coastal areas where the combination of land subsidence and sea level rise increases the flooding risk. For this reason, the monitoring of ground deformations is a crucial step to obtain important information for the development of risk mitigation strategies. In the presented papers, the characteristics of land subsidence occurring in different study areas are described, and recent developments in the used methodologies for the monitoring of the ground displacements are discussed and validated also by means of ground-based data. Moreover, advantages and disadvantages of the adopted techniques are highlighted. The outcomes of these research works can provide national and local authorities with useful information for the implementation of integrated monitoring systems in the areas most affected by land subsidence.
    Keywords: land subsidence ; IPTA ; land-use ; water resource utilization ; groundwater change ; deformation ; geology ; Gävle ; InSAR ; PSI ; precise levelling ; sentinel-1 ; subsidence ; Sweden ; ALOS/PALSAR ; time series analysis ; SBAS ; hot spring water ; hydrothermal fluids ; Hakone Volcano ; satellite geodesy ; radar interferometry ; persistent scatterers ; distributed scatterers ; orbit combination ; Sentinel-1 ; cavern field ; salt deposit ; geophysical modeling ; underground gas storage ; GNSS ; ground movement ; subsidence monitoring ; integrated numerical simulation ; Dubrovnik ; satellite altimetry ; tide gauges ; vertical land motion ; DInSAR ; mining-induced tremors ; land surface deformation ; Upper Silesian Coal Basin ; Interferometry ; SNAP-StaMPS ; Ground deformation ; Po River Delta ; integrated monitoring ; time-series analysis ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 105
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Current practice involves the use of 3D surgical planning and patient-specific solutions in multiple surgical areas of expertise. Patient-specific solutions have been endorsed for several years in numerous publications due to their associated benefits around accuracy, safety, and predictability of surgical outcome. The basis of 3D surgical planning is the use of high-quality medical images (e.g., CT, MRI, or PET-scans). The translation from 3D digital planning toward surgical applications was developed hand in hand with a rise in 3D printing applications of multiple biocompatible materials. These technical aspects of medical care require engineers’ or technical physicians’ expertise for optimal safe and effective implementation in daily clinical routines.The aim and scope of this Special Issue is high-tech solutions in personalized surgery, based on 3D technology and, more specifically, bone-related surgery. Full-papers or highly innovative technical notes or (systematic) reviews that relate to innovative personalized surgery are invited. This can include optimization of imaging for 3D VSP, optimization of 3D VSP workflow and its translation toward the surgical procedure, or optimization of personalized implants or devices in relation to bone surgery.
    Keywords: maxillectomy ; guided surgery ; zygomatic implants ; digital ; 3D ; prosthetic rehabilitation ; head and neck oncology ; maxillary tumor ; maxillary reconstruction ; 3D VSP ; osteoradionecrosis ; mandible ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; computer assisted surgery ; virtual surgical planning ; fracture ; virtual reduction ; 3D printing ; patient-specific customized plate ; spine surgery ; virtual surgical planning (VSP) ; 3D-printing ; patient-specific instrumentation ; drill guides ; computer-assisted surgery ; image-guided surgery ; image-guided navigation ; pedicle screw ; lateral mass screw ; precision ; condylar resection ; unilateral condylar hyperplasia ; hemimandibular hyperplasia ; hemimandibular elongation ; cone-beam computed tomography ; panoramic radiography ; imaging ; 3D virtual surgical planning ; mandibular fractures ; mandibular condyle ; three-dimensional imaging ; classification ; diagnoses ; 3D-VSP ; CAD/CAM ; FEA ; finite element analysis ; masticatory ; muscle force ; jaw ; biomechanical ; intrinsic strength ; patient-specific ; custom ; bite force ; muscle delineation ; patient-specific implants ; orbital reconstruction ; surgical navigation ; additive manufacturing ; 4D ; motion analysis ; kinematic ; prosthesis ; TMJ ; TJR ; 3D technology ; three-dimensional ; corrective osteotomy ; osteotomies ; malunion ; patient-specific instruments ; surgical guide ; acetabular fracture ; 3D fracture analysis ; 3D gap area ; three dimensional ; three-dimensional measurements ; 3DCT ; personalized medicine ; dental osseointegrated implants ; prefabricated fibula free flap ; mandible and maxilla surgery ; surgical design and simulation ; virtual planning ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBG Medical equipment & techniques
    Language: English
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  • 106
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: Global cancer incidence and death are expected to increase in the next decades. Inappropriate therapeutic regimens and tumor recurrence due to the development of drug resistance are two major clinical challenges impacting poor patient outcomes, which is critical to the discovery and development of new anticancer drugs. Over the last few decades, the marine environment has proved to be a key source of molecules with potent anticancer properties. The Special Issue, “Marine Natural Products as Anticancer Agents 2.0”, gathered eleven publications, including two reviews and nine research articles, about the anticancer activities of marine natural and/or derived products on in vitro 2D and 3D cellular models, and/or in vivo models of colorectal, breast, lung, myeloma, liver, leukemia, and melanoma cancers. Altogether, the eleven scientific papers published in this Special Issue provide an exciting overview of marine natural products as potential anticancer agents.
    Keywords: Clavatadine C ; spirocyclic bromotyrosines ; cytotoxicity ; cancer selectivity ; marine compounds ; melanoma A-375 cell line ; Sarcophyton convolutum ; sarcoconvolutum A–E ; cembrenoids ; anti-angiogenesis ; bromophenols ; tube formation ; vasculogenic mimicry ; brefeldin A ; ester derivative ; chronic myelogenous leukemia ; BCR-ABL ; proliferation inhibition ; molecular modeling ; 5-O-(N-Boc-l-alanine)-renieramycin T ; Xestospongia sp. ; marine sponge ; lung cancer ; anti-cancer ; cancer stem cells ; apoptosis ; Akt ; c-Myc ; migrastatics ; cell migration ; cell invasion ; metastasis ; terpenes ; algae ; marine natural products ; mitochondrial dysfunction ; oxidative stress ; anticancer ; Sphaerococcus coronopifolius ; seaweed ; Laminaria japonica ; Laminaria japonica peptides ; cancer ; liver ; cell cycle ; porphyrin ; Isabela ; hemin ; X-ray diffraction ; NOESY NMR ; cytotoxic ; colorectal cancer ; 5-fluorouracil ; 7S,15R-dihydroxy-16S,17S-epoxy-docosapentaenoic acid ; tumor-associated macrophages ; chemoresistance ; fucoidan ; immunopotentiation ; immunomodulatory ; immunotherapy ; cancer treatment ; cytokines ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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  • 107
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is a collection of recent developments, methodologies, calibration and validation techniques, and applications of thermal remote sensing data and derived products from UAV-based, aerial, and satellite remote sensing. A set of 15 papers written by a total of 70 authors was selected for this book. The published papers cover a wide range of topics, which can be classified in five groups: algorithms, calibration and validation techniques, improvements in long-term consistency in satellite LST, downscaling of LST, and LST applications and land surface emissivity research.
    Keywords: Land Surface Temperature (LST) ; satellite retrievals of LST ; LST from GOES satellites ; land surface temperature ; drones ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; thermal remote sensing ; MODIS ; Bayesian Maximum Entropy ; interpolation ; Himalaya ; air temperature ; topography ; Landsat ; split window algorithm ; TIRS ; thermal ; Landsat 8 ; stray light correction ; split-window algorithm ; single-channel algorithm ; AMSR2 ; annual cycle parameters ; random forest ; cloudy sky LST ; evapotranspiration ; data fusion ; field-scale ; machine-learning ; physical model ; Sentinel-2 ; Sentinel-3 ; Downscaling ; thermal infrared ; disaggregation ; Copernicus ; hyperspectral thermal infrared ; spectral smoothness ; temperature-emissivity separation ; sensitivity analysis ; noise ; land surface temperature (LST) ; daytime LST ; nighttime LST ; validation ; land surface emissivity (LSE) ; single channel algorithm ; radiative transfer equation ; mono window algorithm ; SURFRAD data ; GK2A ; split-window method ; BSRN ; LST ; downscaling ; LSA-SAF ; Sentinel 2 ; DEM ; spatial averaging biases ; land surface emissivity ; measurement uncertainties ; emissivity box method ; Fourier transform infrared spectrometer ; portable spectrometer ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 108
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint focuses on the position of sustainability in engineering and points to the multidimensionality of the issue. Architecture, civil and engineering issues are main themes of discussion, with special attention to research and design. Attention is focused on four thematic groups: energy (including energy harvesting), economy (including building circularity), pro-health activities, and design.
    Keywords: CFD ; mechanical ventilation ; industrial buildings ; thermal comfort ; air quality ; natural environment ; construction sector ; steel ; sustainable development ; cradle-to-gate with options ; Life Cycle Assessment ; life cycle costs ; maintenance costs ; warranty period ; number of use cycles ; building circularity assessment ; material flow model ; building circularity material passport ; building circularity calculation method ; adaption ; landscape pattern ; local microclimate ; comprehensive analysis ; morphological parameters ; space syntax ; façade configuration ; visual perception ; built heritage ; Kaunas ; cultural sustainability ; PV system ; social acceptability ; system dynamics ; CO2 emissions ; feed-in-tariffs ; subsidy policy ; water management ; housing environment quality ; multi-family settlements ; Bio-Morpheme ; greenery ; automated design ; plant selector ; sustainability ; algorithmic design ; landscape design ; BIM ; green BIM ; city breathability ; urban ventilation ; urban air quality management ; blue-green infrastructure ; integrated urban planning ; economic analysis ; marketplace regeneration ; optimisation ; spatial analysis ; urban design ; vibration ; energy harvesting ; green gardens ; multifunctionality ; plus-energy building ; thermal stack ; solar energy ; integrated design ; prefabricated rural housing ; PEST ; entropy weighted TOPSIS ; implementation potential ; Chongqing ; n/a ; urban planning ; building layout ; energy demand ; climate ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 109
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This book focuses on the modelling and the design process of gas bearings, on the experimental validation of such models, and on their applications. In particular, recent developments about foil bearings, aerostatic bearings, porous bearings, and non-contact precision positioning systems are shown.
    Keywords: aerostatic spindle ; fluid–structure interaction ; restrictor geometrical parameters ; structural dimension ; optimal design ; bump foil gas bearing ; thermo-hydrodynamic model ; temperature field ; thermal characteristics analysis ; foil bearing ; turbo machinery ; gas bearing ; industrial application ; air-bearing ; precision positioning ; tribotronics ; rotation accuracy ; roundness ; cylindricity ; dispersion coefficient ; gas bearings ; porous materials ; rotordynamics ; force coefficients ; aerostatic journal bearings ; porous bearing ; annular-thrust bearing ; numerical simulation ; finite element method ; dynamic coefficients ; eccentricity ; tilting ; tilting velocity ; partial arc ; PCB spindles ; dynamic identification ; logarithmic decrement method ; complex exponential method ; half-power method ; damping factor identification ; rigid rotor ; modal analysis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 110
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Since the conceptualization of bounded rationality, management scholars started investigating how people—managers and entrepreneurs—really make decisions within (and for) organizations. The aim of this eBook is to deeply investigate trends that have flourished within this pivotal research area in conceptual and/or empirical terms, trying to provide new insights on how managers and entrepreneurs make decisions within and for organizations. In this vein, readers that approach this eBook will be taken by hand and accompanied to the discovery of how the mind of decision makers is at the basis of organizational developments or failures. In this regard, published contributions in this eBook underline how executives and entrepreneurs must be ecologically rational, thus be aware of the negative and positive effects that biases can have depending on the context and use them at their advantage. Managerial and entrepreneurial decision-making are phenomena that cannot be detached from the environment in which executives and entrepreneurs are embedded, claiming to establish new approaches to research that looks at decision-making as an individual/group/organization-environment dialectical and multi-level phenomenon.
    Keywords: behavioral strategy ; decision-making ; core self-evaluations ; intuition ; overconfidence ; performance ; nurse manager ; time pressure ; self-leadership ; stress ; entrepreneurial decision-making ; resource-based view ; opportunity identification ; competitive advantage ; critical assessments ; managerial process ; decision making ; critical infrastructure elements ; resilience ; disruption ; indication ; data lake ; data governance ; data quality ; big data ; digital transformation ; data science ; asset management ; boundary condition ; SME entrepreneurs ; accountants ; cognitive biases ; debiasing ; clinical decision-making process ; clinical reasoning ; orthopaedics ; follow-up decision ; healthcare decision ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJC Business strategy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas
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  • 111
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The Special Issue aimed to bring together scientists working in various branches of control theory to discuss manufacturing control problems that include the following: enterprise control and digital ecosystem creation; the development of identification theory and methodology, and related mathematical problems; parameter, nonparametric, and structure identification and expert analysis; problems regarding selection and data analysis; control systems with an identifier; modeling in intelligent systems; simulation procedures and software; digital identification; reinforcement learning; quantum modeling; intelligent model predictive control; predictive cognitive issues; problems with software quality for complex systems; and global network resources for support processes of modeling and control.
    Keywords: decision-making ; psychic and behavioral components of activity ; action ; result of activity ; equilibrium stability ; consensus ; threshold behavior ; cognitive dissonance ; conformity ; informational control ; informational confrontation ; soft sensing ; multivariate filter ; reactive distillation ; optimal stochastic control ; path planning ; 2D random search ; interception ; external disturbances ; invariance ; block control principle ; decomposition ; high-gain factors ; sliding mode control ; sigmoid function ; Gramian method ; bilinear system process identification ; generalized Lyapunov equation ; knowledgebase ; associative search models ; wavelet analysis ; adaptive differential evolution ; evolutionary computing ; Hammerstein ; nonlinear system identification ; bilinear systems ; eigenmode decomposition ; spectral expansions ; Gramians ; observability ; controllability ; small-signal analysis ; numerical algorithm ; tokamak ; plasma equilibrium reconstruction ; linear plasma models ; identification ; state observer ; LMI ; least square technique ; deep neural network ; parametric uncertainty ; robust control ; super-stability ; regular form ; dynamic mode decomposition ; system identification ; Runge–Kutta method ; nonparametric model ; artificial neural network ; Izhikevich artificial neuron ; vestibular–ocular reflex ; control Lyapunov function ; Bayes criterion ; Haar wavelets ; loss function ; mean risk ; observable stochastic systems (OStS) ; stochastic process (StP) ; wavelet canonical expansion (WLCE) ; nonparametric identification ; dynamic system ; integral model ; Volterra equations ; smoothing cubic splines ; selection of the smoothing option ; modeling ; regularization ; inverse problems ; balanced identification ; error analysis ; one-dimensional heat equation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 112
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles wrapped in a lipid bilayer membrane and are naturally released from cells. This kind of cargo vessel is a nanostructure that mainly transfers lipids, proteins, various nucleic acid fragments, and metabolic components to neighboring cells or distant parts of the body through the circulatory system. EVs are of great significance to the communication mechanism between cells. This book collects feature articles to enhance our understanding of the biological characteristics of EVs and their potential applications.
    Keywords: extracellular vesicle ; precision oncology ; cancer biomarker ; prostate cancer ; drug delivery ; extracellular vesicles ; lysosome ; nanocarriers ; ultrasound ; size exclusion chromatography ; differential ultracentrifugation ; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ; exosomes ; cancer ; biomarker ; diagnostic ; therapy ; liquid biopsy ; small extracellular vesicles (sEV) ; tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) ; melanoma cell-derived exosomes (MTEX) ; proteomics ; tumor microenvironment ; biomarkers ; ectosomes ; neoplasia ; microvesicles ; small extracellular vesicles ; isolation ; purification ; size-exclusion chromatography ; ultracentrifugation ; sucrose density cushion ; lymph node ; spleen ; solid tissue ; microvesicle ; exosome ; cancer therapeutic ; drug carrier ; flow cytometry ; immunophenotyping ; swarm detection ; tumor-associated macrophages ; macrophage polarization ; mannose receptor ; HIV-1 Nef ; glioblastoma ; microRNA ; immunoprecipitation ; CD44 ; human milk ; nutrient ; microbiota ; microRNAs ; nanocommunicator ; diagnostic biomarker ; drug delivery vehicle ; personalized cancer immunotherapy ; therapeutic agents ; cell-to-cell communication ; ionising radiation ; non-targeted effects ; signalling ; imaging flow cytometry ; biomarker reservoirs ; cancer diagnostics ; disease monitoring ; large EVs ; ovarian cancer cells ; ES-2 ; OAW-42 ; adipose tissue origin mesenchymal stem cells ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 113
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Functional coatings are cost-effective means to protect substrates from wear, corrosion, erosion, tribocorrosion, high temperature and high pressure in extreme environmental conditions. These are primarily manufactured through metal/ceramic powder deposition in a subsequent layer by layer fashion on the substrate materials. In all cases, the functional coatings need to be reliable for the intended application. The emerging techniques in 3D printing/additive manufacturing can be utilized to develop high-performance functional coatings. These methods provide geometrical precision, flexibility in geometrical complexity, customization of the coating layers, and reduce the raw materials waste, keeping the manufacturing cost low while addressing many of the technical barriers of conventional coating methods. With the rapid development of cutting-edge value-added technologies in aerospace, nuclear, military, space, and energy industry, 3D printing/additive manufacturing techniques will be major advantages. Novel functional coatings and 3D printing/additive manufacturing techniques will be critical to value-added components in the future development of technologies. The book provide an overview of the recent development in coating manufacturing techniques and potential to use in high-end engineering applications.
    Keywords: metal additive manufacturing ; nickel-based alloy ; microstructure ; cooling effect ; laser cladding ; TiC ; microstructure control ; wear behavior prediction ; ductile materials ; dislocation density ; microstructure and recrystallization ; cold gas dynamic spray ; molecular dynamics ; Ti coating ; cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) test ; hysteresis loop ; wear ; additive manufacturing ; Inconel 718 ; friction ; tribocorrosion ; corrosion ; H13 steel ; thermal stress cycle ; numerical simulation ; unstable alternating thermal stress ; residual stress ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 114
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint focuses on research concerning various types of nanoparticles in terms of their toxicity, removal of antibiotics, and behavior in natural environments. In addition, reviews on microplastics in the atmosphere and the possible health impacts of microplastics/nanoplastics on humans are included
    Keywords: nanomaterials ; cerium oxide nanoparticles ; wild herbs ; seed germination ; root length ; nanoplastics ; nanotoxicity ; toxicology ; plastics ; health impacts ; environmental impacts ; pollution ; artificial black carbon (aBC) ; thermal treatment ; cytotoxicity ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; graphene oxide ; sulfamethazine ; phototransformation ; free radicals ; nanopollution ; nano-enabled products ; engineered nanomaterials ; physicochemical properties ; aquatic environments ; microplastics ; atmosphere ; distribution ; characteristics ; toxicity ; quantitative analysis ; flow-through dissolution testing ; OECD guidelines ; environmental risk assessment ; silver nanoparticles ; zinc oxide nanoparticles ; developmental toxicity ; reactive oxidative stress ; apoptosis ; autophagy ; magnetite-halloysite composites ; magnetic sorbent materials ; fluoroquinolone antibiotic ; adsorption ; wastewater treatment ; magnetic remediation ; emerging contaminants ; ecotoxicity ; ZnO nanoparticles ; trophic transfer ; neurotoxicity ; GABAergic motor neuron ; neuron damage ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 115
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The range of human neurodegenerative diseases continues to pose significant unmet medical needs for societies around the world. The progressive and terminal nature of these conditions places a considerable personal burden on the individual affected but also on public health systems and health services. Tens of millions of people are indiscriminately affected by various dementias, which are rising at an alarming rate. There are no cures for many conditions, and it is clear that treatments applied as early as possible could greatly improve outcomes for patients. Therefore, new disease classification and diagnostic tools should be a key priority. Metabolomics represents a relatively new field of analytical science, which can be extremely useful in the early diagnosis of disease. The relatively unique feature of metabolites is that they sit at the intersection between the genetic background of an organism and its environment. Because many neurodegenerative diseases are not genetically inherited (instead having a range of known genetic risk factors and also a large number of unknown environmental triggers) the field of metabolomics offers great promise for the discovery of new, biologically, and clinically relevant biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders. It is already bringing forward new knowledge in terms of the mechanisms of neurodegenerative disease.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; glutamic acid ; n/a ; direct mass spectrometry ; neurodegeneration ; 6-OHDA ; targeted mass spectrometry ; mitochondrial dysfunction ; myo-inositol ; metabolomics ; bile acids ; subacute mild traumatic brain injury ; age-related macular degeneration ; metabolic pathways ; energy metabolism ; midbrain ; Alzheimer’s disease ; biomarkers ; 1H NMR ; Parkinson’s disease dementia ; GC-MS ; pathogenesis ; tricarboxylic acid cycle ; micro-dialysis ; 13C-labeled succinate ; metabolism ; lipidomics ; dementia with Lewy bodies ; fatty acid ; prodromal Parkinson’s disease ; malonate ; cerebral ischemia ; mass spectrometry ; retinal pigment epithelium ; excitotoxicity ; endothelin-1 ; reperfusion ; C. elegans ; Streptomyces venezuelae ; ?-synuclein aggregates ; natural product ; fatty acid metabolism ; imaging mass spectrometry ; LC-MS ; drusen ; cerebral palsy ; plasma ; Parkinson’s disease ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 116
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Welfare is a multidimensional concept that can be described as the state of an animal as it copes with the environment. Captive environments can impact farmed animals at different levels, especially fishes, considering their highly complex sensory world. Understanding the ethology of a species is therefore essential to address fish welfare, and the interpretation of behavioral responses in specific rearing contexts (aquaculture or experimental contexts) demands knowledge of their underlying physiological, developmental, functional, and evolutionary mechanisms. In natural environments, the stress response has evolved to help animals survive challenging conditions. However, animals are adapted to deal with natural stressors, while anthropogenic stimuli may represent stressors that fishes are unable to cope with. Under such circumstances, stress responses may be maladaptive and cause severe damage to the animal. As welfare in captivity is affected in multiple dimensions, multiple possible indicators can be used to assess the welfare state of individuals. In the past, research on welfare has been largely focusing on health indicators and predominantly based on physiological stress. Ethological indicators, however, also integrate the mental perspective of the individual and have been gradually assuming an important role in welfare research: behavioral responses to stressors are an early response to adverse conditions, easily observable, and demonstrative of emotional states. Many behavioral indicators can be used as non-invasive measurements of welfare in practical contexts such as aquaculture and experimentation. Presently, research in fish welfare is growing in importance and interest because of the growing economic importance of fish farming, the comparative biology opportunities that experimental fishes provide, and the increasing public sensitivity to welfare issues.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; SF1-1100 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; muscle texture ; fractal analysis ; fish welfare ; Danio rerio ; motivation ; histopathology ; elevated phosphate concentrations ; sharks ; welfare ; African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) ; feed efficiency ; fighting ability ; aggressive interaction ; social rank ; boldness ; ethology ; fisheries management ; physiological response ; FishEthoBase ; welfare scores ; welfare criteria ; stress ; pain ; stereotypical behaviour ; Scyliorhinus canicula ; animal behavior ; welfare enhancement ; social communication ; nociception ; negative and positive affect ; aggression ; fertilisation success ; risk analysis ; aquaculture ; hematology ; Amyloodinium ocellatum ; framework ; structural complexity ; territorial ; growth ; positive welfare ; social stress ; age ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 117
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The re-use of industrial food residues is essential in the general framework of rational waste handling and recycling, which aims at the minimizing environmental impact of food production and producing functional food ingredients. Agri-food processing waste has long been considered a valuable biomass with a significant polyphenol load and profile. Polyphenols, aside from being powerful antioxidants that confer inherent stability to a variety of foods, may possess versatile bioactivities including anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive properties. The valorization of agri-food waste as a prominent source of polyphenols stems from the enormous amount of food-related material discharged worldwide and the emerging eco-friendly technologies that allow high recovery, recycling, and sustainable use of these materials. This book addresses the concept of recovering natural polyphenolic antioxidants from waste biomass generated by agri-food and related industrial processes and presents state-of-the-art applications with prospect in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; polyphenols ; n/a ; valorization ; ultrasound assisted extraction ; microwave assisted extraction ; Box–Behnken design ; HPLC-DAD-q-TOF-MS ; Dioscorea batatas ; green oleo-extraction ; grape marc ; quantitative analysis ; natural antioxidants and flavors ; antioxidant ; infrared-assisted extraction ; anti-ageing ; anthocyanins ; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Chinese yam ; functional food ; extraction ; olive mill wastewater ; adsorbents ; relative solubility simulation ; HPLC-fluorometric detector (FLD)–MS ; saffron ; antioxidants ; food-grade solvents ; Mango ; zero-waste biorefinery ; response surface methodology ; ophthalmic hydrogel ; olive leaves ; sonotrode ultrasonic-assisted extraction ; vegetable oils and derivatives ; anti-inflammatory ; skin whitening ; phenolics ; Brewers’ spent grains ; proanthocyanidins ; brewer’s spent grain ; anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity ; antimicrobial activity ; by-products ; antiplatelet activity ; phenanthrenes ; wine lees ; bioactive compounds ; deep eutectic solvents ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 118
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Shape memory alloys (SMAs), in comparison with other materials, have the exceptional ability to change their properties, structure, and functionality depending on the thermal, magnetic, and/or stress fields applied. As is well known, in recent decades, the development of SMAs has allowed innovative solutions and alternatives in biomedical applications and advanced engineering structures for aerospace and automotive industries as well as in sensor and actuation systems, among other sectors. Irrespective of this, designing and engineering using these special smart materials requires a solid background in materials science in order to consolidate their importance in these fields and to broaden their relevance for other new applications. The goal of this Special Issue is to foster the dissemination of some of the latest research devoted to these special materials from different perspectives.
    Keywords: shape memory alloys ; cyclic tests ; fatigue test ; energy dissipation ; earthquake engineering ; NiTiNb ; anisotropy ; texture ; SME ; pipe joints ; NiTi ; selective laser melting ; additive manufacturing ; lattice structure ; EBSD ; superelasticity ; metamagnetic shape memory alloys ; structural defects ; magnetocaloric effect ; mechanical damping ; martensitic transitions ; phonon softening ; resonant ultrasound spectroscopy ; laser-ultrasound ; elastic constants ; high-temperature shape memory alloys ; titanium palladium ; titanium platinum ; multi-component alloys ; medium-entropy alloys ; high-entropy alloys ; laser powder bed fusion ; density control ; structure control ; process simulation ; shape memory alloy ; Fe-Mn-Al-Ni ; cyclic heat treatment ; co-based Heusler alloy ; martensitic transformation ; metamagnetic shape memory alloy ; phase diagram ; magnetic-field-induced transition ; intermetallic ; microstructure ; differential scanning calorimetry ; X-ray diffraction ; mechanical testing ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 119
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Radiopharmaceuticals are used in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, especially cancer. In general, radiopharmaceuticals are either salts of radionuclides or radionuclides bound to biologically active molecules, drugs, or cells. Tremendous progress has been made in discovering, developing, and commercializing numerous radiopharmaceuticals for the imaging and therapy of cancer. Significant research is ongoing in academia and the pharmaceutical industry to develop more novel radiolabeled compounds as potential radiopharmaceuticals for unmet needs. This Special Issue aims to focus on all aspects of the design, characterization, evaluation, and development of novel radiolabeled compounds for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and the application of new radiochemistry and methodologies for the development of novel radiolabeled compounds. Outstanding contributions presented in this Special Issue will significantly add to the field of radiopharmaceuticals.
    Keywords: positron emission tomography (PET) ; pyrazoles ; fluorine-18 ; radionuclides ; PET probes ; imaging pharmaceuticals ; hypopharyngeal cancer ; 188Re-liposome ; repeated therapy ; NGS ; microRNA ; aprepitant ; radiopharmaceuticals ; neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist ; radionuclide chelators ; kidney uptake ; cleavable linkers ; neutral endopeptidase (NEP) ; renal brush border enzymes ; prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ; cancer imaging and therapy ; somatostatin analogs ; radiolabeling ; radionuclide therapy ; imaging ; adrenergic receptor ; positron emission tomography ; radiotracer ; cholecystokinin-2 receptor ; minigastrin ; molecular imaging ; targeted radiotherapy ; lutetium-177 ; EpCAM ; radionuclide ; SPECT ; iodine ; PIB ; breast ; cancer ; PET ; target-specific biomolecules ; immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals ; production processes ; 124I-labeled monoclonal antibodies ; radiotracers ; AAZTA ; scandium-44 ; FAP ; SA ; DPP ; PREP ; radioiodine labeling ; radioiodination ; biomolecules ; peptides ; proteins ; monoclonal antibodies ; 123,124,125,131I-labeled molecules and biomolecules ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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  • 120
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Modern materials and structures are significantly different from conventional ones. Their sizes can be orders of magnitude smaller, and their compositions are so sophisticated that traditional characteristic methods are inapplicable. Non-conventional methods are essential to tackle these issues, which must often be approached in an interdisciplinary fashion. This Special Issue is a collection of articles that shed light on these problems.
    Keywords: analytical solution ; Fourier cosine series ; vibrations ; FGM rectangular plates ; Mindlin plate theory ; phased array transducer ; transducer optimization ; beam focusing ; pulse–echo mode ; harmonic generation ; stress-free boundary ; total correction ; acoustic emission ; electrical resistance ; damage monitoring ; criticality ; natural time analysis ; nonlinear parameter ; noncontact reception ; air-coupled receiver ; aluminum samples ; corrections ; field theory ; deformation and fracture ; 7075 aluminum alloy ; electronic speckle pattern interferometry ; concrete beam ; bending ; cementitious matrix ; FRCM ; analytical model ; numerical model ; linear low-density polyethylene ; digital image correlation ; optical non-destructive testing ; speckle ; fourier scaling theorem ; gaussian filtering ; optical methods ; AlSi10Mg ; SLM ; NDE ; deep learning ; CNN ; k-fold cross validation ; non-destructive testing ; optical interferometry ; residual stress ; thermal expansion ; elasticity ; high entropy alloys ; complex concentrated alloys ; refractory metal intermetallic composites ; high entropy phases ; complex concentrated phases ; Nb silicide-based alloys ; alloy design ; biomechanics ; Achilles tendon ; beam-to-beam contact ; arbitrary cross-section ; ANCF ; lithium-ion batteries ; redox-active organic anode ; organic anode materials ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: A collection of 18 scientific papers written in honor of Professor Karlheinz Schwarz's 80th birthday. The main topics include spectroscopy, excited states, DFT developments, results analysis, solid states, and surfaces.
    Keywords: density functional theory ; Coulomb systems ; excited states ; nodal variational principle ; DFT ; anatase TiO2(101) surface ; adsorption energy ; Bader charge ; helium atom ; screened Coulomb potential ; variational Monte Carlo method ; Lagrange mesh method ; comparison theorem ; TD-DFT ; MC-PDFT ; Lie–Clementi ; Colle–Salvetti ; OLEDs ; subphthalocyanines ; UV–visible spectra ; axial substituents ; peripheral substituents ; time-dependent DFT ; hexatetra-carbon ; electrical properties ; molecular aggregates ; singlet excitons ; triplet excitons ; TDDFT ; charge-transfer states ; charge-resonance states ; Frenkel states ; localized excitations ; diabatic states ; adiabatic states ; semiconductors ; oscillator strength ; hybrid exchange-correlation functional ; non-local potential ; statistics ; methods comparison ; benchmarking ; band gaps ; atomization energy ; DFT codes ; electronic structure calculation ; numerical accuracy and precision ; kinetic functional ; Yukawa potential ; periodic DFTB ; deMonNano ; graphene ; graphite ; benzene dimers ; deposited benzene ; supported clusters ; weighted mulliken charges ; LAPW method ; APW+lo method ; all-electron DFT ; density matrix functional embedding ; density-functional theory ; householder transformation ; He atomic basis sets ; helium dimer ; He2 potential well ; correlation energy ; complete basis set ; sigma basis set ; atomic multiplet theory ; crystal/ligand-field theory ; coordination compounds ; electronic structure ; Cu2OCl2 ; Cu2OBr2 ; Cu2OI2 ; oxyhalides ; magnetic couplings ; Néel temperature ; chemical pressure ; NMR ; machine learning ; zeolites ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: This Special Issue collects original research articles discussing cutting-edge work as well as perspectives on future directions in the whole range of theoretical and practical aspects in these research areas: i) Theory of fuzzy systems and soft computing; ii) Learning procedures; iii) Decision-making applications employing fuzzy logic and soft computing.
    Keywords: fuzzy partition ; fuzzy transform ; new iterative method ; Cauchy problems ; ANFIS ; basmati rice ; image processing ; grading ; quality assessment ; fuzzy inference system ; causality ; statistics ; concept-mapping ; causal graph ; numerical methods ; systems of ordinary differential equations ; NIM ; fuzzy logics ; linear motion blur ; fuzzy deblurring ; electron beam calibration ; signal and image processing ; propagation modeling ; adaptive-network-based fuzzy system ; LoRa &amp ; LoRaWAN ; radio wave propagation ; artificial neural networks ; subtracting clustering ; dual double fuzzy semi-metric ; double fuzzy semi-metric ; fuzzy semi-metric space ; triangle inequality ; triangular norm ; eye gaze tracking ; interval type-2 fuzzy logic ; vision system ; mobile robots ; intelligent control ; ordered fuzzy number ; fuzzy relation ; preorder ; strict order ; equivalence relation ; variable neighborhood search ; experimental comparison ; statistical analysis ; traveling salesman problem ; soft computing ; modeling ; vector optimization ; methods of solution of vector problems ; optimal decision-making ; numerical realization of decision-making ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: By the late 1940s, and since then, the continuous development of dislocation theories have provided the basis for correlating the macroscopic time-dependent deformation of metals and alloys—known as creep—to the time-dependent processes taking place within the metals and alloys. High-temperature deformation and stress relaxation effects have also been explained and modeled on similar bases. The knowledge of high-temperature deformation as well as its modeling in conventional or unconventional situations is becoming clearer year by year, with new contemporary and better performing high-temperature materials being constantly produced and investigated.This book includes recent contributions covering relevant topics and materials in the field in an innovative way. In the first section, contributions are related to the general description of creep deformation, damage, and ductility, while in the second section, innovative testing techniques of creep deformation are presented. The third section deals with creep in the presence of complex loading/temperature changes and environmental effects, while the last section focuses on material microstructure–creep correlations for specific material classes. The quality and potential of specific materials and microstructures, testing conditions, and modeling as addressed by specific contributions will surely inspire scientists and technicians in their own innovative approaches and studies on creep and high-temperature deformation.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TN1-997 ; Larson–Miller parameter ; n/a ; visualization ; bond coat ; hydrogen ; poly-crystal ; Gibbs free energy principle ; constitutive equations ; creep damage ; DFT ; finite element method ; austenitic stainless steel ; strain rate sensitivity ; MCrAlY ; excess volume ; superalloy ; scanning electron microscopy ; creep buckling ; dislocation dynamics ; creep ; elevated temperature ; modelling ; size effect ; residual stress ; superalloy VAT 32 ; water vapor ; activation energy ; small angle neutron scattering ; superalloy VAT 36 ; metallic glass ; iron aluminides ; Gr.91 ; internal stress ; relaxation fatigue ; multiaxiality ; creep grain boundary ; grain boundary cavitation ; cavitation ; solute atom ; stress exponent ; external pressure ; P92 ; TMA ; low cycle fatigue ; nanoindentation ; high temperature ; FEM ; intrinsic ductility ; normalizing ; creep ductility ; creep rupture mechanism ; microstructural features ; simulate HAZ ; P92 steel ; glide ; ferritic–martensitic steel ; creep rupture ; cyclic softening ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Thanks to their rich chemodiversity, marine natural products represent a unique source of new bioactive metabolites. As the new leading compounds in drug discovery and development, these molecules may represent challenges for the treatment of a number of human diseases, attracting the attention of many researchers during their chemical and biological studies. This Special Issue covers all fields of drugs research in which marine natural products are involved, including their isolation and characterization, biological activities, and medicinal applications as well as synthetic approaches and their related analogues. The cover picture shows “The Nudibranch mollusk Godiva quadricolor on a sponge, reflected under the surface during the low tide. Fusaro Lagoon, Bacoli (Naples)”.
    Keywords: alginate ; Sargassum duplicatum ; okra ; antioxidant ; diabetic ; wound healing ; sulfavant ; sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols ; sulfoglycolipids ; mass spectrometry ; UHPLC-MS ; lipids ; cancer therapy ; gold nanoparticles ; marine products ; natural products ; photosensitizer ; purpurin 18 ; reactive oxygen species ; seaweed ; biosilica ; diatom frustule ; sustainable production ; drug delivery ; Sargassum ilicifolium ; mangosteen rind ; diabetic mice ; Aquimarina sp. ; diketopiperazine ; N-phenethylacetamide ; epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) ; A549 cells ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Complex systems have long been an integral part of modern life and can be encountered everywhere. Undertaking a comprehensive study of such systems is a challenging problem, one which is impossible to solve without the use of contemporary mathematical modeling techniques. Mathematical models form the basis for the optimal design and control of complex systems. The present reprint contains all the articles accepted and published in the Special Issue of Mathematics entitled "Control, Optimization, and Mathematical Modeling of Complex Systems". This Special Issue is focused on recent theoretical and computational studies of complex systems modeling, control, and optimization. The topics addressed in this Special Issue cover a wide range of areas, including numerical simulation in physical, social, and life sciences; the modeling and analysis of complex systems based on mathematical methods and AI/ML approaches; control problems in robotics; design optimization of complex systems, modeling in economics and social sciences; stochastic models in physics and engineering; mathematical models in material science; and high-performance computing for mathematical modeling. It is our hope that the scientific results presented in this reprint will serve as valuable sources of documentation and inspiration to those seeking to delve into complex systems modeling, control, and optimization and examine their wide-ranging applications.
    Keywords: optimal control problem ; evolutionary computation ; robotics applications ; optimal control ; Lyapunov stability ; equilibrium point ; symbolic regression ; Pontryagin’s maximum principle ; continuous-time Markov chains ; ergodicity bounds ; discrete state space ; rate of convergence ; logarithmic norm ; interval analysis ; function approximation ; global optimization ; convexity evaluation ; overestimators ; underestimators ; machine learning control ; general synthesis problem ; evolutionary algorithm ; adaptive interpolation algorithm ; interval ordinary differential equations (ODEs) ; sparse grids ; hierarchical basis ; multidimensional interpolation ; high dimensions ; molecular dynamics modeling ; randomized maximum entropy estimation ; probability density functions ; Lagrange multipliers ; Lyapunov-type problems ; implicit function ; rotation of vector field ; asymptotic efficiency ; thermokarst lakes ; forecasting ; dynamical tracking target ; ship towing system ; relative curvature ; adaptive control ; discrete velocity method ; lattice Boltzmann method ; computational fluid dynamics ; mathematical modeling ; estimation ; minimax techniques ; pareto optimization ; regression analysis ; statistical uncertainty ; proton exchange membrane ; proton electrolyte membrane ; PEM ; fuel cell ; PEMFC ; power electronic converter ; DC–DC boost converter ; model predictive control ; MPC ; self-scalable robots ; modular robots ; origami structures ; complex system ; synergistic effect ; performance indicator ; structure change ; soft robotics ; continuum mechanisms ; modeling of complex systems ; kinematic model of soft robots ; mathematical modeling of complex systems ; non-linear models ; soft robotic neck ; tendon-driven actuators ; mathematical modelling ; modelling in economics ; impact of the COVID-19 ; logistics businesses ; fractional-order virus models ; stuxnet virus ; numerical computing ; supervisory control and data acquisition systems ; computer networks ; lyapunov analysis ; image segmentation ; remote sensing ; terrain identification ; data synthesis ; transfer learning ; controllability ; observability ; stochastic linear systems in finite and infinite dimensional spaces ; stochastic singular linear systems in finite and infinite dimensional spaces ; semigroup ; evolution operator ; GE-semigroup ; GE-evolution operator ; stochastic GE-evolution operator ; feature selection ; finite normal mixtures ; moving separation of mixtures ; deep LSTM ; neural network architectures ; deep learning ; turbulent plasma ; air–sea fluxes ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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  • 126
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a severe chronic health condition that is often misunderstood or ignored by health establishments. The lack of definitive diagnostic markers to separate ME/CFS patients from the healthy population as well as from other chronic disorders is problematic for both health professionals and researchers. A consortium of Australian researchers gathered to systematically understand ME/CFS, ranging from a deep analysis of clinical and pathology data to metabolomic profiles and the investigation of mitochondrial function. From this broad collaboration, a number of compelling insights have arisen that may form the basis of specific serum, blood, and/or urinary biomarkers of ME/CFS. This Special Edition reports on a conference centred on these biomedical discoveries, with other contributions, with a translation focus for predictive markers for ME/CFS diagnosis. By supporting health professionals with developments in diagnostics for this condition, the patients and their families will hopefully benefit from an improved recognition of the biomedical underpinnings of the condition and will be better able to access the care that is urgently required. This Special Edition contains a mix of speaker submissions and other accepted manuscripts that contributed to our objective of advancing biomedical insights to enable the accurate diagnosis of ME/CFS.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; fatigue syndrome ; n/a ; work rehabilitation ; tryptophan metabolism ; substrate inhibition ; myalgic encephalomyelitis ; 3-dioxygenase ; ME (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis) ; assessment ; myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) ; muscles ; hypoacetylation ; circadian rhythm ; immune system ; chronic ; CFS (Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) ; energy metabolism ; ME/CFS ; immunological ; cytokine ; bistability ; diagnosis ; biomarker ; symptoms ; kynurenine pathway ; inflammation and immunity ; metabolism ; neuro-inflammation ; pathology ; signaling ; exercise ; Epstein Barr virus ; methylhistidine ; hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis ; potential biomarkers ; critical point ; inflammation ; histone deacetylation ; participatory research ; neurology ; neuroimmune ; activin ; mitochondria ; patient-driven questionnaire ; medical retirement ; machine learning ; prognosis ; gut microbiota ; post-exertional malaise ; chronic fatigue syndrome ; mathematical model ; reference intervals ; diagnostic biomarker ; indoleamine-2 ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 127
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint includes papers from different research fields, reflecting the sectional talks presented at the 9th edition of the Scientific Conference of the Doctoral Schools from the “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, which took place in June 2021. The objective of the 2021 Conference was to bring together perspectives and challenges in doctoral research in a common forum and to provide a platform enabling doctoral researchers to meet and share state-of-the-art developments in their fields. It consists of 16 papers presented at the 9th edition of the Scientific Conference of the Doctoral Schools from the “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, in several fields such as: mechanical and industrial engineering, food science and biotechnology, electrical/electronic engineering, systems engineering and information technologies, chemistry, electrochemistry, and economic models and strategies.
    Keywords: incremental pumps ; profiling of generating tools ; helical surfaces ; Romania ; coastal area ; wind energy ; measurements ; IEC classes ; wind turbines ; mass tourism ; management model ; Constanta ; PESTEL ; Black Sea ; sustainability ; eggplant peels ; bioactive compounds ; hydrogels ; anthocyanins ; beetroot peel ; betalains ; polyphenols ; CCD-RSM ; optimal control ; metaheuristic algorithms ; evolutionary algorithms ; simulation ; ventilation on ships ; HVAC requirements ; COVID-19 ; spread the disease ; airborne transmission ; HEPA filtration ; UV disinfection ; heat recovery ; L-tryptophan ; polypyrrole ; sensor ; amino acid ; cyclic voltammetry ; chronoamperometry ; atorvastatin ; carbon nanotubes ; gold nanoparticles ; Hippophae rhamnoides L. ; carotenoids ; flavonoids ; antioxidant activity ; microencapsulation ; modulation ; electromagnetic disturbances ; electromagnetic compatibility ; military ship ; communication systems ; navigation conditions ; Danube River ; management tool ; quality function deployment ; house of quality ; enwrapping surfaces ; profiling ; geometrical methods ; tower ; wind turbine ; load ; offshore wind ; marine renewable energy ; living labs ; design thinking ; coastal zone ; integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) ; Romanian coastal zone ; Black Sea basin ; wind parameters ; historical data ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics & emerging economies
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: This reprint emphasizes the perspectives and challenges surrounding COVID-19 and obesity-related cancers, including but not limited to the risk factors of severe COVID-19 in cancer patients; the complications of COVID-19 in cancer patients; the challenges in cancer treatment and surgery; guidelines for cancer care during COVID-19; delayed diagnosis and suboptimal cancer management; the impact of COVID-19 on cancer screening, early diagnosis and cancer presentation; immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in cancer patients; psychological distress among cancer survivors; telehealth in cancer care; the role of diet and nutraceuticals in the prevention of severe COVID-19 and cancer; and the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer research.
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; neutropenia ; G-CSF treatment ; respiratory failure ; colorectal neoplasms ; gastrointestinal neoplasms ; immune checkpoint inhibitors ; neoplasms ; oncogenic viruses ; oncolytic virotherapy ; post-acute COVID-19 syndrome ; reactive oxygen species ; tumor escape ; SARS-CoV-2 ; thyroid cancer ; differentiated thyroid cancer ; COVID-19 severity ; inflammation ; immunity ; oxidative stress ; obesity ; SARS-Cov-2 ; oncology ; cancer screening ; clinical trials ; melanoma ; management ; pandemic ; teledermatology ; diagnostic delay ; immunotherapy ; vaccination ; lymph adenopathy ; cancer ; nutraceuticals ; supplements ; colorectal ; meta-analysis ; gynecologic oncology ; malignancy ; blood cancer ; hematologic malignancy ; leukemia ; lymphoma ; multiple myeloma ; myelodysplasia ; breast cancer ; cancer care ; screening ; surgery ; psychological distress ; cancer therapies ; immunogenicity ; safety ; vaccine hesitancy ; tumor subtype ; mortality ; intensive care unit ; medico-administrative data ; France ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book presents an interesting sample of the latest advances in optimization techniques applied to electrical power engineering. It covers a variety of topics from various fields, ranging from classical optimization such as Linear and Nonlinear Programming and Integer and Mixed-Integer Programming to the most modern methods based on bio-inspired metaheuristics. The featured papers invite readers to delve further into emerging optimization techniques and their real application to case studies such as conventional and renewable energy generation, distributed generation, transport and distribution of electrical energy, electrical machines and power electronics, network optimization, intelligent systems, advances in electric mobility, etc.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; Stackelberg game ; MILP ; optimal congestion threshold ; magnetic field mitigation ; simulation ; multi-objective particle swarm optimization ; virtual power plant ; internal defect ; day-ahead load forecasting ; neural network ; modular predictor ; multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm ; stochastic optimization ; dragonfly algorithm ; unit commitment ; metaheuristic ; multi-population method (MP) ; optimization ; tabu search ; considerable decomposition ; loss minimization ; active distribution system ; islanded microgrid ; dynamic solving framework ; feature selection ; electric energy costs ; power factor compensation ; dependability ; interactive load ; overhead ; energy internet ; evolutionary computation ; wind power ; developed grew wolf optimizer ; underground ; ETAP ; fuzzy algorithm ; electric vehicles ; Schwarz’s equation ; evolutionary algorithms ; electric power contracts ; congestion management ; optimizing-scenarios method ; building energy management system ; particle encoding method ; ringdown detection ; HOMER software ; DC optimal power flow ; prosumer ; constrained parameter estimation ; distributed generations (DGs) ; strong track filter (STF) ; transient stability ; calibration ; cost minimization ; radiance ; decentralized and collaborative optimization ; hybrid renewable energy system ; renewable energy sources ; rural electrification ; distribution network reconfiguration ; interval variables ; optimization methods ; particle swarm optimization ; hierarchical scheduling ; micro grid ; AC/DC hybrid active distribution ; consensus ; artificial bee colony ; CCHP system ; data center ; support vector machine ; affinity propagation clustering ; extended Kalman filter ; affine arithmetic ; linear discriminant analysis (LDA) ; current margins ; heterogeneous networks ; Cameroon ; hybrid method ; distributed heat-electricity energy management ; discrete wind driven optimization ; fitness function ; cross-entropy ; GenOpt ; wind energy ; demand uncertainty ; UC ; off-design performance ; genetic algorithm ; energy storage ; the biomimetic membrane computing ; power system optimization ; electric vehicle ; power architectures ; economic load dispatch problem (ELD) ; runner-root algorithm (RRA) ; Cable joint ; battery energy storage system ; load curtailment ; integration assessment ; power system unit commitment ; artificial lighting ; power flow ; hybrid membrane computing ; two-point estimation method ; low-voltage networks ; demand bidding ; non-sinusoidal circuits ; energy flow model ; power transfer distribution factors ; sustainability ; HVAC system ; voltage deviation ; street light points ; radial basis function ; energy storage system ; charging/discharging ; power systems ; intelligent scatter search ; MV/LV substation ; optimal power flow ; stochastic state estimation ; eight searching sub-regions ; chaos optimization algorithm (COA) ; mutual information theory ; inter-turn shorted-circuit fault (ISCF) ; C&I particle swarm optimization ; multiobjective optimization ; passive shielding ; sub-Saharan Africa ; micro-phasor measurement unit ; geometric algebra ; bio-inspired algorithms ; adaptive consensus algorithm ; energy management ; PCS efficiency ; multi-stakeholders ; generalized generation distribution factors ; the genetic algorithm based P system ; JAYA algorithm ; thermal probability density ; power optimization ; pumped-hydro energy storage ; smart grid ; two-stage feature selection ; piecewise linear techniques ; photovoltaic ; SOCP relaxations ; switched reluctance machine (SRM) ; optimal reactive power dispatch ; optimal operation ; controllable response ; off-grid ; active shielding ; transformer-fault diagnosis ; IEEE Std. 80-2000 ; principal component analysis ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Urological Cancer 2020 collection contains a set of multidisciplinary contributions to the extraordinary heterogeneity of tumor mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and therapies of the renal, urinary tract, and prostate cancers, with the intention of offering to interested readers a representative snapshot of the status of urological research.
    Keywords: renal cell carcinoma ; iron ; macrophages ; chelation therapy ; urothelial carcinoma ; transcriptome ; microtubule ; MAP1B ; prognosis ; KLF5 ; androgen receptor ; cell proliferation ; tumorigenesis ; prostate cancer ; precision medicine ; whole genome sequencing ; optical mapping ; therapy ; prostate carcinoma ; prostate mpMRI ; machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; deep learning ; neural network ; angiogenesis ; angiogenic growth factors ; antiangiogenic therapy ; renal tumors ; prevention ; α1-adrenoceptor antagonists ; anoikis ; vascularity ; research model ; oncogenes ; tumor suppressor genes ; MR-guided ; radiotherapy ; MRgRT ; stereotactic ablative radiotherapy ; stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) ; renal cell cancer ; RCC ; online adaptive ; [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT ; dual-time point imaging ; delayed imaging ; biphasic imaging ; lesion positivity rate ; CXCL9 ; PD1 ; PD-L1 ; stage T1 NMIBC ; prostatic neoplasms/mortality ; prostatic neoplasms/epidemiology ; SEER Program ; bladder cancer ; transurethral resection ; en-bloc resection ; CPT1A ; fatty acids ; serine ; androgen response ; ROS ; oxidative stress ; DONSON ; Downstream Neighbor of SON ; biomarker ; metastatic spread ; diagnosis ; differential diagnosis ; histopathology ; immunohistochemistry ; stroma signature ; patient-derived xenografts ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 131
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Due to the intensive development of the global economy, many problems are constantly emerging connected to the safety of ships’ motion in the context of increasing marine traffic. These problems seem to be especially significant for the further development of marine transportation services, with the need to considerably increase their efficiency and reliability. One of the most commonly used approaches to ensuring safety and efficiency is the wide implementation of various automated systems for guidance and control, including such popular systems as marine autopilots, dynamic positioning systems, speed control systems, automatic routing installations, etc. This Special Issue focuses on various problems related to the analysis, design, modelling, and operation of the aforementioned systems. It covers such actual problems as tracking control, path following control, ship weather routing, course keeping control, control of autonomous underwater vehicles, ship collision avoidance. These problems are investigated using methods such as neural networks, sliding mode control, genetic algorithms, L2-gain approach, optimal damping concept, fuzzy logic and others. This Special Issue is intended to present and discuss significant contemporary problems in the areas of automatic control and the routing of marine vessels.
    Keywords: collision avoidance ; ship domain ; fuzzy inference ; collision risk ; early warning system ; marine vessel ; tracking controller ; stability ; functional ; optimal damping ; fin stabilizer ; ship turning ; heel/roll reduction ; L2-gain ; uncertainty ; non-linearity ; ship motion control ; path-following ; guidance algorithm ; nonlinear feedback ; AIS Data ; trajectory prediction ; waterway transportation ; neural networks ; autonomous navigation ; multi-joint autonomous underwater vehicle (MJ-AUV) ; 3-dimensional modeling ; LQR ; LESO ; multicriteria route planning ; genetic algorithm ; particle swarm optimization ; oceanic meteorological routing ; cooperative game theory ; supply chain management ; supply disruption ; unmanned surface vehicle ; Guidance, Navigation and Control ; course keeping ; adaptive sliding mode ; unmanned surface vehicle (USV) ; system identification ; traditional neural network ; physics-informed neural network ; zigzag test ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: The recognition of the exceptional chemical and biological properties of vanadium compounds has led, in recent decades, to extensive research exploring their chemistry, biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry. Due to the prospective application of vanadium compounds as therapeutic agents against diseases such as diabetes, cancer and those provoked by parasites and bacteria, vanadium coordination chemistry and biochemistry has been an area of extensive research. Currently, the most promising potential uses of vanadium compounds are as nutritional supplements and as anticancer agents potentiated by immunotherapy. Nevertheless, researchers from all over the world are dedicating their efforts to vanadium research related to other potential therapeutic applications of vanadium compounds and to obtain insights into their beneficial effects on health and their modes of action. This Special Issue collected research contributions focused on recent advances in vanadium chemistry, biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry. I expect that this collection will have a great impact on the future direction of vanadium research.
    Keywords: polyoxometalates ; decavanadate ; cytotoxicity ; insulin-like activity ; diabetes therapy ; vanadium biochemistry ; vanadium speciation ; vanadium ; proteins ; DNA ; fluorescence ; binding constants ; mechanism of action ; oxidovanadium(V) ; vanadium Schiff base coordination complex ; low acute toxicity ; Oxidovanadium(V) ; Schiff base ; X-ray crystallography ; DNA interaction ; 2-aminopyrimidinium ; experimental and theoretical characterization ; DFT ; docking RNA/DNA ; vitamin E ; EPR ; tocopherol ; 51V NMR ; urethane ; aerosol delivery ; lung cancer ; apoptosis ; antineoplastic ; oxidovanadium(IV) phenantrholine chrysin ; vanadium cellular uptake ; anticancer ; albumin interaction ; glycosylated flavonoid ; oxidovanadium(IV) complex ; antitumoral ; antioxidant ; cell signaling ; cancer ; anticancer agents ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: The eight articles published in this Special Issue present original, empirical research, using various methods of data collection and analysis, in relation to topics that are pertinent to the study of Islam and Muslims in Australia. The contributors include long-serving scholars in the field, mid-career researchers, and early career researchers who represent many of Australia’s universities engaged in Islamic and Muslim studies, including the Australian National University, Charles Sturt University, Deakin University, Griffith University, and the University of Newcastle. The topics covered in this Special Issue include how Muslim Australians understand Islam (Rane et al. 2020); ethical and epistemological challenges facing Islamic and Muslim studies researchers (Mansouri 2020); Islamic studies in Australia’s university sector (Keskin and Ozalp 2021); Muslim women’s access to and participation in Australia’s mosques (Ghafournia 2020); religion, belonging and active citizenship among Muslim youth in Australia (Ozalp and Ćufurović), the responses of Muslim community organizations to Islamophobia (Cheikh Hussain 2020); Muslim ethical elites (Roose 2020); and the migration experiences of Hazara Afghans (Parkes 2020).
    Keywords: Islam in the West ; Muslim professionals ; Shari’a ; religious authority ; citizenship ; Islamic finance ; neoliberalism ; religion ; Islam ; Muslims ; Australia ; online survey ; national security ; social cohesion ; Islamophobia ; collective agency ; civil society ; Strong Structuration Theory ; Multiculturalism ; racism ; Australian Muslims ; positional practices ; Muslim migrants ; reporting/representing Islam ; epistemological bias ; social categorisation ; methodological reductionism ; migration ; identity ; lived-experience ; entrepreneurialism ; gender segregation ; mosque ; Muslim women ; religious space ; Islamic studies ; Islamic higher education ; Muslim students ; Islam in university ; Islam in Australia ; classical Islamic studies ; contemporary Islamic studies ; CSU ; ISRA ; CISAC ; Muslim youth ; Muslim youth identity ; Australian Muslim youth ; disengaged identities ; active citizenship ; youth radicalisation ; Muslim youth deradicalisation ; civic engagement ; Muslim civic engagement ; youth civic engagement ; Muslim youth in the west ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRH Islam ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRP Islam
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  • 134
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Structural mechanics is an important field of engineering. The main goal of structural mechanics is to ensure that structures are safe and durable so that catastrophic situations can be prevented, which can otherwise cause loss of life, environmental pollution and financial losses. Depending on the uses of the structure and the conditions that the structure is subjected to, special treatment may be required for the analysis. Specifically, marine structures are subjected to harsh environmental conditions due to the marine environment, which can cause several different damage mechanisms including fatigue and corrosion. This book on “Marine structures” considers a wide range of areas related to marine structures and provides a compilation of numerical and experimental studies related to “Marine structures” research.
    Keywords: TC1501-1800 ; TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; shock loads ; n/a ; jacket structures ; protective device ; tripod support structures ; soil-pile-structure interaction ; acoustic metamaterials ; semi-active ; jacket platform ; solitons ; waves ; biofouling ; seawater piping systems ; motion response ; earthquake ; low-frequency sound ; failure mechanism ; free-surface flow ; depressed bottom ; performance prediction ; acoustic band gap ; marine growth ; uncoupled analysis ; towing resistance ; viscous fluid flow ; ice-induced vibration ; superelement ; anti-collision assessment ; peridynamics ; steel ; integrated numerical model ; fairlead position ; reliability ; cross-flow ; coupled analysis ; morphology evolution ; composites ; tuned mass damper ; towing method ; wave loading ; vortex-induced vibration ; coastal protection structures ; structural control ; vortical flow ; critical mass ratio ; flexible pipe ; stochastic modeling ; offshore wind turbine ; hydrodynamics ; high pressure ; offshore integrated meteorological mast (OIMM) ; ice-resistant cone ; sediment transport ; offshore wind ; thermomechanical ; corrosion detection
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  • 135
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    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: The management of wildlife populations and their habitats are interdisciplinary fields that encompass many scientific disciplines that also impact the lives of people. Therefore, these are truly applied sciences where human dimensions play an important role.This book highlights the importance of conducting rigorous studies to design and implement the effective management and restoration of wild populations and their habitats. A new paradigm in conservation is developing that goes beyond the boundaries of protected areas to achieve the goal of sustainable development. The 16 papers in this book, including reviews and a project report, cover a broad range of topics, exploring a diversity of subjects that are representative of current practices and novel applications.We would like to thank both the MDPI publishers and editorial staff for their support and help during the process of editing this book, in addition to the authors for their contributions.
    Keywords: road safety ; roadkill ; clustering ; growth rate ; traffic intensity ; mitigation measures ; roadkill analysis ; movement patterns ; habitat characterisation ; multiple criteria ; multi-objective ranking ; environmental awareness ; machine learning ; random forest model ; structural equation modelling ; latent class analysis ; visitor mapping ; social–ecological systems ; cultural rural landscape ; protected areas ; rewilding ; rural socioeconomics ; forest expansion ; rural to urban land conversion ; biocultural heritage ; biodiversity ; naturalness ; land-cover change ; habitat quality ; InVEST ; ecosystem-based approach and assessment ; nature-based solution ; decision-making support ; national park management ; wildlife protection ; biodiversity conservation ; policy framework ; policy formulation ; China ; agricultural management ; amphibians ; beta diversity ; community ecology ; metacommunities ; constructed wetlands ; bats ; urban ecology ; long-term monitoring ; acoustics ; city parks ; community dynamics ; conservation evaluation ; at-risk species ; golden-winged warbler ; landowner incentives ; New England cottontail ; Natural Resources Conservation Service ; U.S. Department of Agriculture ; Working Lands for Wildlife ; camera-trapping ; conservation puma ; relative integrated anthropization index ; INRA ; South American grey fox ; habitat adaptability ; habitat model ; habitat selection ; habitat suitability ; use versus availability ; Maxent ; presence points ; GPS radio-collars ; anthropogenic variables ; species distribution models ; Spermophilus citellus ; maximum entropy modeling ; species distribution modeling ; climate change refugia ; urodela ; salamandridae ; caudata ; biosphere reserve ; habitat restoration ; species management ; life project ; activity patterns ; Lepus granatensis ; population decline ; niche ; Oryctolagus cuniculus ; roadside census ; predator–prey relationships ; spatio-temporal behavior ; abundance ; distance sampling ; population density ; R package ; wildlife survey ; uncertainty ; occupancy modeling ; road ecology ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint includes 16 original articles published in a Special Issue that focuses on the pathological significance of amyloid-β in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, the main cause of dementia. Collections in this reprint provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potentials of repositioning drugs and new agents for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of innovative strategies for the prevention and treatment of such diseases.
    Keywords: activation phenotypes ; microglia ; neuroinflammation ; immunohistochemistry ; temporal cortex ; Alzheimer’s disease ; amyloid ; amyloid β-protein (Aβ) ; mAb158 ; oligomers ; protofibrils ; amyloid aggregation ; supported lipid bilayers ; time-lapse AFM ; molecular dynamics simulation ; alzheimer’s disease ; amyloid β ; bryostatin-1 ; ECE1 ; iPS ; nELAV ; neurotoxicity ; oligomer ; protein kinase C ; α-secretase ; APP mutation ; recessive inheritance ; familial Alzheimer’s disease ; Aβ oligomers ; amyloid imaging ; microbiota ; bacterial amyloid ; FUBA ; curli ; CsgA ; amyloid beta ; oxidative stress ; supplement ; phosphodiesterase III inhibitor ; cerebral micro-hemorrhage(s) ; cerebral amyloid angiopathy ; amyloid-β protein ; transgenic mice ; NMR ; CD ; Aβ ; β-amyloid peptide ; α/β-discordant ; Dutch-type mutation ; E22Q ; FAD ; Amyloid β ; Polyphenol ; Pro-oxidant ; Alzheimer’s Disease ; molecular imaging ; amyloid β-peptides ; islet amyloid polypeptide ; high-speed atomic force microscopy ; amyloid PET ; tau PET ; amyloid precursor protein ; mutation ; cerebellum ; PBB3 ; PiB ; axon ; traditional medicines ; Polygalae Radix ; diosgenin ; naringenin ; kihito ; amyloid-β ; antimicrobial ; antiviral ; antimicrobial peptide ; neurodegenerative disease ; misfolding ; fluorescence microscopy ; FRET ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In this book, the performance of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts applied in biomass processing was assessed, paying special attention to the main advantages and challenges related to their use. Indeed, these challenges are opportunities to develop new research lines that could be fruitful in the near future. Thus, different studies are included, dealing with diverse subjects, with one main goal in common: the improvement of different aspects related to biomass processing through the use of catalysts.
    Keywords: nanospheroids ; zinc-doped CaO ; natural triglycerides ; aminolysis ; heterogeneous catalyst ; recyclability ; catalyst ; sodium hydroxide ; fatty acid methyl ester ; central composite rotatable design ; operational conditions ; aerated irrigation ; soil enzyme activity ; soil microbial biomass ; soil respiration ; bio-derived phenol ; Ni-Cu-Co/Al2O3 ; in-situ hydrodeoxygenation ; cyclohexane ; hydrogenolysis ; biomass ; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural ; 2,5-furandicrboxylic acid ; aerobic oxidation ; metal catalysts ; acid catalysis ; biodiesel ; biofuel ; esterification ; fatty acid ; methanolysis ; molybdenum oxide ; transesterification ; vegetable oil ; fatty acid methyl esters ; 2-ethyl-1-hexanol ; 1-heptanol ; 4-methyl-2-pentanol ; viscosity ; flash and combustion points ; methyl oleate ; methyl ricinoleate ; cellulase ; cellulose ; paper sludge ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; synergism ; furfural ; carbon-supported catalyst ; xylose conversion ; iron ; heterogeneous catalysts ; thermoset polymer ; epoxy ; cellulose nanofiber ; curing characteristics ; thermal properties ; mechanical properties ; RSM ; numerical optimization ; keratinase ; feather ; Bacillus sp. ; amino acids ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Copper-based catalysts possess important applications in diverse reactions and have received considerable attention from material and catalysis researchers. A great challenge in this field is the facile synthesis of copper-based catalysts with enhanced catalytic activity, selectivity, and durability. This Special Issue of Catalysts, entitled “Synthesis and Applications of Copper-based Catalysts”, presents state-of-the-art synthetic strategies for copper-based catalysts, as well as information on their structure and catalytic use in heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis, which is helpful for developing novel high-efficiency Cu-based catalysts and synthetic methodology, and for exploring their new catalytic applications.
    Keywords: metal-organic frameworks ; Cu2O ; styrene oxidation ; H2O2 ; base free ; low-temperature ; CO-SCR ; Cu-Mn oxide spinels ; Cu/Cu3P nanoarrays ; Cu nano-substrates ; electrocatalyst ; HER ; ceria ; hydride ; CO2 hydrogenation ; single Cu doping ; density functional theory ; Cu-based catalysts ; CO + NO ; catalytic performances ; O2 resistance ; H2O and SO2 resistance ; adsorption ; dissociation ; density-functional theory calculations ; Cu-skin Cu3Au(111) surface ; CO catalytic oxidation ; CO preferential oxidation ; template ; CTAB ; mixed oxides ; copper oxides ; tin oxides ; BCN/graphene composite ; CVD ; anti-corrosion ; organocopper reagents ; Cu catalysts ; 1,4-conjugate addition ; sulfur heterocycles ; thiochromone ; thioflavanones ; 2-alkylthiochroman-4-ones ; copper ; catalysis ; amination ; amines ; polyamines ; aryl halides ; adamantane ; nanoparticles ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
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  • 139
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: The extraction and exploration of cellulose-based polymers is an exciting area of research. For many years, wood (especially from bleached kraft wood pulp) was considered the main source of cellulosic compounds because of its abundance in nature. However, in the past decade, researchers have been devoted to finding alternatives to extract cellulose from byproducts of agricultural crops and/or textile wastes, which are both highly available at a very reduced raw material cost. This book brings together original research that details the recent progresses and new developments in this field, and how this research is contributing to a circular economy.
    Keywords: citrus sinensis ; nano-fibrillated cellulose ; silver nanoparticles ; acid hydrolysis ; heavy metal sorption ; anaerobic digestion ; biofuel ; biomass ; cotton-based waste ; closed-loop ; lignocellulose ; textile waste ; cellulose nanofibre ; green materials ; biopolymers ; environmental ; recycled newspaper ; composite laminates ; water resistance ; high strength ; cotton wastes ; textile ; nanomaterials ; cellulose nanocrystal ; extraction methods ; environmental application ; regenerated cellulose fiber ; Au NP ; controllably assembled ; SERS ; dimetridazole ; cellulose hydrogel ; thermo-responsive ; sustained release ; silver sulfadiazine ; burn wound ; polymer ; carpet fiber ; direct analysis in real time ; time of flight ; mass spectrometry ; function switching ; oleamide ; cellulose nanofibers isolation ; carpet wastes ; supercritical carbon dioxide ; enhanced properties ; recovery of cellulose ; textile fibers ; eco-efficiency ; circular economy ; textile industry ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Concerns have been raised with respect to the state of high-altitude and high-latitude treelines, as they are anticipated to undergo considerable modifications due to global changes, and especially due to climate warming. As high-elevation treelines are temperature-limited vegetation boundaries, they are considered to be sensitive to climate warming. As a consequence, in this future, warmer environment, an upward migration of treelines is expected because low air and root-zone temperatures constrain their regeneration and growth. Despite the ubiquity of climate warming, treeline advancement is not a worldwide phenomenon: some treelines have been advancing rapidly, others have responded sluggishly or have remained stable. This variation in responses is attributed to the potential interaction of a continuum of site-related factors that may lead to the occurrence of locally conditioned temperature patterns. Competition amongst species and below-ground resources have been suggested as additional factors explaining the variability in the movement of treelines. This Special Issue (book) is dedicated to the discussion of treeline responses to changing environmental conditions in different areas around the globe.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; tree seedling recruitment ; shrubline ; light quality ; higher altitude ; precipitation ; experimental rain exclusion ; Pinus cembra ; Changbai Mountain ; treeline dynamics ; fungal ecology ; thermal continentality ; tree regeneration ; elevational transect ; monitoring ; conifer shrub ; plant water availability ; permafrost ; foehn winds ; treeline ; Holocene ; nitrogen cycling ; carotenoids ; timberline ; 15N natural abundance ; spectrometer ; basal area increment ; palynology ; xylem embolism ; diversity ; elevational treeline ; European Alps ; temperature ; tree line ; winter stress ; photosynthetic pigments ; Pinus sibirica ; westerly winds ; relative air humidity ; ecosystem manipulation ; Larix decidua ; microsite ; polar treeline ; Central Austrian Alps ; Switzerland ; multi-stemmed growth form ; conifers ; forest edge ; history of treeline research ; soil drought ; dendroclimatology ; knowledge engineering ; Rocky Mountains ; apical control ; cloud ; postglacial ; alpine timberline ; space-for-time substitution ; climate change ; expert elicitation ; shoot elongation ; pit aspiration ; climate warming ; climate zone ; alpine treeline ; refilling ; Abies sibirica ; growth trend ; western Montana ; light quantity ; Picea abies ; Mediterranean climate ; forest climatology ; altitude ; environmental stress ; sub-Antarctic ; Erman’s birch ; photoinhibition ; tocopherol ; elevational gradients ; NDVI ; long-term trends ; sap flow ; peat ; tree seedlings ; Southern Ocean ; chlorophyll ; non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) ; drought ; upward advance ; remote sensing data ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 141
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Due to their lightweight and high specific strength, Mg-based alloys are considered as substitutes to their heavier counterparts in applications in which corrosion is non-relevant and weight saving is of importance. Furthermore, due to the biocompatibility of Mg, some alloys with controlled corrosion rates are used as degradable implant materials in the medical sector. The typical processing route of Mg parts incorporates a casting step and, subsequently, a thermo–mechanical treatment. In order to achieve the desired macroscopic properties and thus fulfill the service requirements, thorough knowledge of the relationship between the microstructure, the processing steps, and the resulting property profile is necessary. This Special Issue covers in situ and ex situ experimental and computational investigations of the behavior under thermo–mechanical load of Mg-based alloys utilizing modern characterization and simulation techniques. The papers cover investigations on the effect of rare earth additions on the mechanical properties of different Mg alloys, including the effect of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures, and the experimental and computational investigation of the effect of different processing routes
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; abiotic stress response ; photosynthesis ; phosphoglycolate phosphatase ; photorespiration ; 2-phosphoglycolate ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; glycolate oxidase ; protein phosphorylation ; Zea mays ; Portulaca grandiflora ; C4 photosynthesis ; Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), evolution ; development ; PEP carboxylase ; Portulacaceae ; glycine decarboxylase ; metabolite signaling/acclimation ; TCA cycle ; Calvin–Benson cycle ; photoperiodic changes ; redox-regulation ; environmental adaptation ; Glycolate oxidase ; evolution ; Archaeplastida ; Cyanobacteria ; MCF ; oxidative phosphorylation ; mitochondrial carriers ; transporters ; energy balancing ; cyclic electron flux ; malate valve ; C3 cycle ; acclimation ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; fluctuating light ; natural variation ; pyruvate kinase ; glycolysis ; respiratory metabolism ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 142
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This Special Issue, “Plant Oxidative Stress: Biology, Physiology, and Mitigation”, published 11 original research works and 1 review article that discussed the various aspects of ROS Biology, metabolism, and the physiological mechanisms and approaches to mitigating oxidative stress. These types of research studies show further directions for the development of crop plants that are tolerant to abiotic stress in the era of climate change.
    Keywords: heat stress ; grafting ; cucumber ; bitter-melon rootstock ; polyamines ; photosynthesis ; salicylic acid ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; excess boron ; lipid peroxidation ; enzymatic antioxidant ; glutathione ; proline ; stomatal conductance ; arsenic stress ; soybean ; growth ; antioxidant enzymes ; ascorbate–glutathione cycle ; glyoxalase system ; altitudinal variation ; antioxidant activity ; bioactive compounds ; endemic species ; oxidative damage ; sequential application of antioxidants ; salinity ; Cucumis sativus ; photosynthetic efficiency ; antioxidant defense systems ; antioxidants ; cadmium ; oxidative stress ; peptone ; spinach ; alpha-tocopherol ; foliar spray ; okra varieties ; salt ; drought ; plants ; ROS ; genomics ; approaches ; integration ; abiotic stress ; antioxidant defense ; phytohormones ; pulse crop ; water deficit ; AsA-GSH pathway ; methylglyoxal ; micronutrient ; osmoregulation ; reactive oxygen species ; trace elements ; Olea europaea L. ; selenium biofortification ; olive pollen ; cytosolic Ca2+ ; Cucurbita pepo (L.) ; mineral uptake ; nucleic acids ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences
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  • 143
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: This Book, entiled “Allergic Rhinosinusitis and Airway Diseases”, presents the concept of united airway disease interaction, which comprises chronic rhinosinusitis and other lower airway disorders such as asthma. This concept furthers a deeper comprehension on the pathophysiology and management of upper and lower airway diseases. In this Book, the published papers cover different interesting topics such as healthcare equality, advanced biomarkers, accurate diagnosis and treatment, occupational exposure-induced upper airway allergy and neoplastic disease mimicking chronic rhinosinusitis.
    Keywords: chronic rhinosinusitis ; B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder ; sinus ; nasal allergies ; tannery worker ; Kanpur ; asthma ; ovalbumin ; saffron ; salbutamol ; IL’s ; TNF-α ; allergic rhinitis ; bronchial asthma ; allergy ; Th17 cells ; IL-17 ; IL-33 ; microRNA ; miR ; airway mucosal inflammation ; united airway disease ; acute rhinosinusitis ; acute recurrent rhinosinusitis ; Mediterranean diet ; nutritional evaluation ; nutritional therapy ; olfactory dysfunction ; anosmia ; post-acute COVID-19 ; nitric oxide ; NO ; exhaled NO ; FENO ; nasal peak flow ; atopic status ; total IgE ; specific IgE ; childhood asthma ; immunoblot ; ImmunoCAP ; otolaryngology ; sinusitis ; ethnic groups ; patient-reported outcome measures ; quality of life ; social justice ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This reprint turns out to be very important for the pathologies deriving from the gut microbiome and its disorders. Human health seems to be correlated with the status of our microbiome, which plays a vital role in our health. The human microbiome is associated with a wide range of diseases, from non-neoplastic to tumorigenesis, including cancer, inflammation, intestinal damage, etc. Following these statements, it is possible to deduce the paramount importance of the role of the gut microbiome and the relative consequences for human well-being.
    Keywords: microbiome ; pain ; IBS ; neuropathy ; gut microbiota ; Clostridium difficile infection ; SARS-CoV-2 ; inflammation ; intestinal microbiota ; immune protection ; mast cells ; platelets ; aging ; liver cancer ; metabolomics ; metabolites ; scientific technology ; antibiotic resistance ; virulence ; metagenomics ; human gut ; antibiotic consumption ; colon cancer ; right-sided colon cancer ; left-sided colon cancer ; tumor microbiome ; gut microbiome ; nasopharyngeal microbiome ; age differences ; sex differences ; human microbiome ; 16S rRNA sequencing ; Huntington’s disease ; neurodegeneration ; gastrointestinal microbiome ; gut-brain axis ; dysbiosis ; immune ; bacteria ; proteome ; pregnancy ; FGR ; placenta ; cancer treatment ; cardiotoxicity ; Helicobacter pylori ; methods for determining H. pylori resistance ; molecular genetic diagnostics ; phenotypic methods for determining antibiotic resistance ; geographical distribution of H. pylori antibiotic resistance ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue, “Architectural Structure,” aims to gather general advances in human-made constructions which simultaneously are driven by aesthetic and structural engineering considerations. This Special Issue brings together twelve contributions covering the following topics: analysis of architectural typologies; the study of the mechanical performance of structural materials, structural systems and components; and the proposal of techniques to evaluate the mechanical performance in existing structures and new construction techniques.
    Keywords: recycled aggregate concrete ; block masonry ; compressive strength ; carbon emission ; stress–strain curves ; outrigger wall ; multiple openings ; deep beam ; stiffness ; shear strength ; tall building ; inverted multi tee ; prestressed concrete ; precast concrete ; structural performance ; flexural analysis ; self-compacting concrete ; non-destructive test methods ; ultrasonic pulse velocity test ; surface hardness test ; pull-out test ; maturity test ; within-test variability ; normal vibrated concrete ; concrete structures ; beams &amp ; girders ; torsion ; high-strength concrete ; prestressing ; traditional slabs ; ceramic-reinforced slabs ; shear response ; cyclic loading ; natural fiber-reinforced polymers ; NFRP ; computational design ; tailored fiber placement ; coreless filament winding ; rapid prototyping ; industry 4.0 ; lightweight structure ; Geopolymer ; Alkali activated ; tensile strength ; deformability ; experimental study ; analytical model ; reinforced concrete ; beams ; fly ash alkali activated ; bending ; thin-walled I-section ; continuous beam ; local buckling ; longitudinal stress variation ; design ultimate resistance of the cross-section ; Rudolf Steiner ; anthroposophy ; architecture ; Goetheanum ; double-steel-concrete composite shear walls ; axial and bending capacity ; failure characteristic ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: According to the National Research Council, the use of embedded systems throughout society could well overtake previous milestones in the information revolution. Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of electronic, mechanical engineering, controls, software and systems engineering in the design of processes and products. Mechatronic systems put “intelligence” into physical systems. Embedded sensors/actuators/processors are integral parts of mechatronic systems. The implementation of mechatronic systems is consistently on the rise. However, manufacturers are working hard to reduce the implementation cost of these systems while trying avoid compromising product quality. One way of addressing these conflicting objectives is through new automatic control methods, virtual sensing/estimation, and new innovative hardware topologies.
    Keywords: independent-wheel drive ; steering assistance ; nonlinear system ; active disturbance rejection control ; smooth road feeling ; city bus transport ; electric vehicles ; electrification ; software tool ; planning ; control ; charging management ; simulation ; analysis ; energy management ; hybrid electric vehicle ; powertrain electrification ; equivalent consumption minimization ; supercharging ; hardware-in-the-loop experiments ; driving force distribution ; decentralized traction system ; 4WD electric vehicle ; energy efficiency ; traction control ; efficiency optimization ; air mobility ; fuel cell hybrid aircraft ; stochastic optimal control ; drift counteraction optimal control ; normal force estimation ; unbiased minimum variance estimation ; controller output observer ; youla parameterization ; adaptive cruise control ; automated driving ; energy-saving ; fuel-saving ; optimal control ; passenger comfort ; new energy vehicles ; speed prediction ; macroscopic traffic model ; traffic big-data ; deep learning ; vehicle lateral dynamic and control ; unresolved issues ; application of speed prediction ; electric vehicle ; hybrid vehicle ; lithium ion ; ultracapacitor ; battery aging ; EHB ; EMB ; EWB ; system modeling ; bond graph ; optimization ; control design ; Youla parameterization ; robust control ; nonlinear optimization ; brake-by-wire ; actuator ; electro-mechanical brake ; electronic wedge brake ; electro-hydraulic brake ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 147
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: This book consists of 12 original research articles and one comprehensive review from invited chemists from around the world covering different fields of chemistry. The article on analytical chemistry features the analysis of highly polar metabolites in biological fluids, the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a gas chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry, and the synthesis of MoS2 nanostructures for the production of near-infrared photodetectors. The environmental chemistry articles include discussions on weekly and longitudinal elemental variability in hair samples, use of bottom ash as a stabilizing agent, the removal of phosphorus from the effluent of a paper company, and the chemistry and consequences of arsenic contamination of groundwater. Polymer/coating chemistry coverage includes the incorporation of superabsorbent polymers into cementitious-based composite materials, the use of licorice root extracts for edible coatings and postharvest quality improvement, and the use of mucin-grafted polyethylene glycol-based micro- for the oral delivery of insulin. The reported research on nanomaterials chemistry covers the synthesis of ZnO-doped ceria nanorods made up of CeO2/ZnO mixed oxides, and the production of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic bonded joints with novel carbon nanotube (CNT) adhesive films. A final paper on flavonol chemistry utilizes LC-MS/MS to investigate the stability of four common types of dietary flavonols.
    Keywords: carbon nanotubes ; aging ; structural health monitoring ; water uptake ; adhesive film ; surfactant ; insulin ; mucin ; polyethylene glycol ; microparticles ; toxicology ; biomass production ; Chlorella vulgaris ; microalgae ; nutrients removal ; paper industry effluent ; effluent treatment ; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ; urine ; doping analysis ; dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) ; gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ; sewage sludge disposal ; municipal solid waste ; co-combustion ; fly ash ; bottom ash ; heavy metal stabilization ; polar amino acids ; mixed cationic-RP column ; LC-HRMS ; BMAA ; TMAO ; flavonols ; H2O2 ; saliva ; metabolism ; oxidation ; LC-MS/MS ; CeO2/ZnO mixed oxides ; zinc oxide ; ceria nanorods ; oxygen storage capacity ; CO oxidation ; licorice ; chitosan ; edible coating ; strawberry shelf life ; rheological properties ; ultrasound-assisted extraction ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; self-healing ; SAP ; microCT ; cementitious materials ; mortar ; hairs ; variability ; week ; longitudinal ; element ; metals ; INAA ; occupational exposure ; unexposed subject ; MoS2 ; microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis ; low-cost photosensors ; arsenic ; groundwater ; contamination ; water quality ; domestic filter systems ; health effects ; treatment methods ; Bangladesh ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 148
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Ionizing radiation (IR) exposure can be deleterious for living tissues and eventually lead to illness or even death. DNA breakdown and the overproduction of highly reactive free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are considered initiators of IR-induced molecular and cellular damages, whereas NO, TGF-β and other pro-inflammatory cytokines are the primary effectors involved in radiation bystander effects (RIBE). Radiomodulators can reduce (radioprotectors and radiomitigators) or increase (radiosensitizers) IR damage. Past world events have highlighted the urgent need to develop predictive biomarkers of the IR absorbed dose and radiation countermeasures to reduce IR damage. Despite the strong economic and scientific efforts over the last decades, at present, drugs for effective protection against lethal IRs remain an unmet need. Moreover, the development of radiosensitizers that selectively increase IR damage in cancer cells but protecting, or at least do not affect, healthy tissues is also of unquestionable importance to improving patient survival and quality of life. It includes contributions that will help to understand the mechanisms involved in radiation-derived cellular responses and damage, the importance of free radical scavengers and antioxidant cellular defenses in preventing harm, and the relevance of the antiinflammatory response to improve recovery. In accordance, the mechanism of action and effectiveness of relevant radiomodulators are described and discussed, and novel clinical models and IR biomarker technologies are presented.
    Keywords: ferulic acid ; total body irradiation ; bone marrow microenvironment ; stem cell senescence ; bone marrow injury ; reactive oxygen species ; antioxidant defense system ; planarians ; model animal ; irradiation ; regeneration ; radioprotection ; radiation ; melatonin ; nDNA-repair ; mtDNA-mutations ; oxidation stress ; protection ; mitigation ; H2O2 ; ATP ; MDA ; GSH ; X-ray radiation ; 3T3 fibroblasts ; proliferation ; apoptosis ; cellular stress ; senescence ; peroxiredoxin 6 ; Prdx6 ; radioprotector ; pharmacologic ascorbate ; vitamin C ; pancreatic cancer ; Auranofin ; thioredoxin ; thioredoxin reductase ; peroxiredoxin ; nuclear and radiological emergencies ; radioprotectors ; radiomitigators ; radionuclide scavengers ; radiation biodosimetry ; Olea europaea L. cv. Caiazzana ; oleacein ; ionising radiation ; cancer ; radiotherapy ; normal tissue ; radiosensitization ; radiomodulation ; proteomic analysis ; oxidative modification profiling ; serum albumin ; amino acid sequences ; radiation biomarker ; human lactoferrin ; acute gamma irradiation ; C57Bl/6 mice ; survival rate ; open field test ; spleen ; serum homeostasis ; leukocytes ; stilbenoid ; electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) ; FT-IR ; electron beam radiation ; radioresistance ; oxidative phosphorylation ; oncometabolites ; radiation response ; bioinformatics ; oxidative stress ; transcriptomics ; radiobiology database ; gene signature ; ionizing radiation ; intestine ; mucositis ; microbiome ; microbiota ; dysbiosis ; bacterial dietary supplement ; radiomitigator ; hyperthermia ; combination therapy ; synergistic effect ; oxygenation ; hypoxia ; immune response ; Tameron ; antioxidant ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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  • 149
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: This reprint describes recent advances made in the field of antifungal development, especially the discovery of new drugs and drug repurposing. The articles presented in this book provide useful information and insight for the development of new antifungal drugs or intervention strategies. The identification of new, safe molecules, and cellular targets, as well as the elucidation of their antifungal mechanisms of action, will further the effective control of fungal pathogens, especially those resistant to current therapeutic agents.
    Keywords: nanoparticles ; fungi ; drug delivery systems ; marine ; biological synthesis ; myconanotechnology ; canesten ; clotrimazole ; vulvovaginal ; vaginitis ; mycosis ; candidosis ; yeast infection ; candida ; candida albicans ; vaginal health ; anticandidal activity ; indazole ; pyrazole ; 3-phenyl-1H-indazole ; drug design ; acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) ; capsule ; CAP64 ; Cryptococcus ; membrane potential (ΔΨM) ; photodynamic treatment ; photosensitiser ; ultrastructure ; drug repurposing ; antifungals ; repositioning ; yeasts ; emerging fungi ; multidrug resistance ; therapeutic alternatives ; new targets ; Candida auris ; Aspergillus spp. ; antifungal ; beta-glucan ; polycations ; Galleria mellonella model ; retinoids ; Candida spp. ; onychomycosis ; Malassezia spp. ; dermatophytes ; microbiology ; mycology ; all-trans retinoic acid ; Acanthamoeba ; free-living ameba ; Acanthamoeba keratitis ; isavuconazonium sulfate ; cyst ; drug ; drug discovery ; drug targets ; invasive aspergillosis treatment ; invasive fungal infections ; fission yeast ; cell wall ; β(1,3)-D-glucan synthase ; antifungal drugs ; echinocandin drugs ; echinocandin resistance ; Fks resistance hot spots ; cytokinesis ; septation ; cell separation ; cell integrity ; cell lysis ; sporotrichosis ; Felis catus ; quinones ; hydrazones ; zoonoses ; host-directed drug therapy ; azoles ; polyenes ; echinocandins ; viral infections ; azole ; synergy ; resistance ; Candida ; natural products ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 150
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: This reprint contains contributions focusing on recent developments in the design, synthesis, and characterization of nanocatalysts intended for applications in environmental protection and low carbon footprint power generation processes thanks to the overall effort of scientists and researchers for a cleaner and more sustainable future. New synthetic approaches to the production and in-depth characterization of innovative nanostructured composites and hybrid materials with well-controlled textural and surface chemistry properties that give performance advantages in a variety of important environmental and energy applications such as CO2 utilization/recycling, hydrogen and syngas production, biosensing, and biocatalysis as well as in ways to obtain useful materials from waste are included, among others. This reprint is the result of one of the cutting-edge Special Issues in the field of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology organized by Nanomaterials to celebrate its 10th anniversary.
    Keywords: nanocarbon ; rocket fuels ; furfuryl alcohol ; fuming nitric acid ; waste ; hypergolics ; carbon materials ; CO2 methanation ; bimetallic catalysts ; Ni-based catalysts ; promoters ; alloy nanoparticles ; bimetallic synergy ; hybrid nanoflowers ; biosynthesis ; influencing factors ; biosensing cues ; bio-catalysis ; propane ; steam reforming ; hydrogen production ; perovskite ; ruthenium ; rhodium ; La2O2CO3 ; stability ; propane steam reforming ; H2 production ; Ni ; TiO2 ; CeO2 ; YSZ ; ZrO2 ; Al2O3 ; drifts ; n/a ; HDO reaction ; transition metal phosphides ; structure ; acidity ; characterization ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 151
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint focuses on recent aspects of gravitational theory and cosmology. It contains subjects of particular interest for modified gravity theories and applications to cosmology, special attention is given to Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet, f(R)-gravity, anisotropic inflation, extra dimension theories of gravity, black holes, dark energy, Palatini gravity, anisotropic spacetime, Einstein–Finsler gravity, off-diagonal cosmological solutions, Hawking-temperature and scalar-tensor-vector theories.
    Keywords: Gauss–Bonnet ; innermost stable circular orbits ; spinning test particle ; Einstein-Maxwell-scalar black holes ; modified gravity theory ; Hawking-Page phase transition ; regular black hole ; Minkowski core ; Lambert W function ; black hole mimic ; modified and massive gravity ; two measure theories ; Einstein and Finsler gravity ; off-diagonal cosmological solutions ; nonholonomic dynamical Weyl-scale symmetry breaking ; (anisotropic) inflation ; dark energy ; reconstructing procedure ; Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity ; nonlinear electrodynamics ; hawking temperature ; entropy ; heat capacity ; black hole shadow ; energy emission rate ; quasinormal modes ; cosmology ; torsion ; multifield cosmology ; anisotropic spacetimes ; Kantowski–Sachs ; anisotropic inflation ; galactic rotation ; nonspherical gravitational sources ; modified gravity ; cosmology:theory ; large-scale structure of universe ; gravitation ; fractional-dimension gravity ; dark matter ; cosmological dynamics ; Weyl integrable theory ; scalar field ; interaction ; Painlevé–Gullstrand metrics ; Lense–Thirring metric ; Killing tensor ; Killing–Yano tensor ; separability ; Carter constant ; geodesic integrability ; isometric embeddings ; symmetrical surfaces ; free embedding ; unfolded embedding ; Regge–Teitelboim gravity ; embedding theory ; black hole ; magnetic field ; chaos ; symplectic integrator ; non-linear symmetry realization ; conformal symmetry ; Ricci-based gravity ; Palatini gravity ; exoplanets ; planet’s interior ; electromagnetic ; covariant ; field ; constraints ; curved space ; alternative theories of gravity ; supermassive black hole ; stellar dynamics ; variation of constants ; inflation ; f(R)-gravity ; k-inflation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 152
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: As computer and space technologies have been developed, geoscience information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technologies, which deal with the geospatial information, have been rapidly maturing. Moreover, over the last few decades, machine learning techniques including artificial neural network (ANN), deep learning, decision tree, and support vector machine (SVM) have been successfully applied to geospatial science and engineering research fields. The machine learning techniques have been widely applied to GIS and RS research fields and have recently produced valuable results in the areas of geoscience, environment, natural hazards, and natural resources. This book is a collection representing novel contributions detailing machine learning techniques as applied to geoscience information systems and remote sensing.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; sport games ; compensatory eating ; breath test ; exercise-induced anorexia ; Fitbit ; nutrition education ; senescence ; body weight ; sport nutrition ; fitness ; long-term follow-up ; self-efficacy ; protein ; food consumption ; cytokines ; physical exercise ; cardiometabolic health ; mediation analyses ; obesity ; food choice ; telomere length ; sporting events ; carbohydrates ; free radicals ; marathon ; adolescents ; movement skills ; naturally enriched 13C-milk proteins ; behavioral intervention ; acute exercise ; skeletal muscle damage ; Protein ; TERRA ; nutrition ; telemonitoring ; Latino ; adolescent ; macronutrients ; metabolism ; mechanisms of impact ; anabolic competence ; endurance exercise ; food healthiness ; exercise ; health promotion ; behavioral economics ; immunity ; stunting ; lifestyle intervention ; running ; telomerase ; dietary intake ; inflammation ; vegetarian ; recreational athlete ; physical performance ; out-of-home eating ; diet ; overweight ; dietary restriction ; soccer ; dual burden of malnutrition ; protein shake ; childhood memories ; chronic diseases ; music events ; oxidation ; added sugar ; lifestyle change ; vegan ; nudges ; food ; physical activity ; half-marathon ; health conscious ; free or reduced lunch ; low-income ; diet quality ; National School Lunch Program ; older adults ; aging ; sport spectators ; chronic low-grade systemic inflammation ; sport ; food intake ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 153
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This Special Issue on “Blood-Derived Products for Tissue Repair and Regeneration” reveals the evolution and diversity of platelet rich plasma (PRP) technologies, which includes experimental research on novel formulations, the creation of combination therapies, and the exploration of potential modifiers of PRPs, as well as efficacy of PRP therapies in clinical veterinary and human applications. Scientist and clinicians are now starting to develop different treatments based on their reinterpretation of the traditional roles of platelets and plasma, and the current Issue has provided a forum for sharing research and ways of understanding the associated medicinal benefits from different points of view. The research interest in this area has covered different medical disciplines, such as ophthalmology, dentistry, orthopedics, and sports medicine.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; n/a ; biomaterial ; redifferentiation ; regenerative medicine ; skeletal muscle regeneration ; furcation defects ; Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) ; PRP ; fracture ; fibrin sealant ; periodontal surgery ; bone regeneration ; serum derived from plasma rich in growth factors (s-PRGF) ; cartilage repair ; myofibroblasts ; autologous platelet concentrates ; burns ; satellite cells ; articular cartilage ; stem cell niche ; wound healing ; quantification ; growth factors ; biologics ; platelet rich plasma ; meniscus ; adipose tissue ; Carprofen ; platelet-rich fibrin ; platelets ; hyperacute serum ; bone defects ; serum eye drops ; corneal epithelial defect ; fibrosis ; dog ; myoblasts ; differentiation ; chronic meniscal lesion ; horizontal meniscal tear ; PRGF ; collagen hydrogels ; periodontal defects ; bone grafting material ; composition ; cell therapy ; bone healing ; tissue healing ; trephination ; plasma rich plasma (PRP) ; bone repair ; plasma rich in growth factors ; knee arthrosis ; meniscus tear ; cornea regeneration ; wrist osteoarthritis ; periosteal sheet ; Platelet-Poor Plasma (PPP) ; platelet-rich plasma ; microfat ; bone grafting ; hyaluronic acid (NaHA) ; periodontal regeneration ; meniscus repair ; photobiomodulation therapy ; growth ; myogenesis ; blood derived products ; low-level laser therapy ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 154
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Chronic intestinal diseases are increasing around the world. With poor quality of life and expensive healthcare costs, the patients demand novel approaches and treatments for better clinical outcomes. This book illustrates the state of the art and the envisaged near future in the management of these pathologies.
    Keywords: chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction ; parenteral nutrition ; pediatrics ; myopathy ; neuropathy ; IBS ; microbiota ; visceral hypersensitivity ; colorectal motility ; inflammatory bowel disease ; Crohn’s disease ; ulcerative colitis ; anti-TNF ; ustekinumab ; vedolizumab ; postoperative complications ; surgery ; preoperative therapy ; biologic therapy ; bio-naïve ; IBD ; pro-inflammatory cytokines ; lymphocyte migration ; treatment ; inflammatory bowel diseases ; biologic treatment ; combination ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 155
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Three-dimensional (3D) printing has evolved massively during the last years. The 3D printing technologies offer various advantages, including: i) tailor-made design, ii) rapid prototyping, and iii) manufacturing of complex structures. Importantly, 3D printing is currently finding its potential in tissue engineering, wound dressings, tissue models for drug testing, prosthesis, and biosensors, to name a few. One important factor is the optimized composition of inks that can facilitate the deposition of cells, fabrication of vascularized tissue and the structuring of complex constructs that are similar to functional organs. Biocomposite inks can include synthetic and natural polymers, such as poly (ε-caprolactone), polylactic acid, collagen, hyaluronic acid, alginate, nanocellulose, and may be complemented with cross-linkers to stabilize the constructs and with bioactive molecules to add functionality. Inks that contain living cells are referred to as bioinks and the process as 3D bioprinting. Some of the key aspects of the formulation of bioinks are, e.g., the tailoring of mechanical properties, biocompatibility and the rheological behavior of the ink which may affect the cell viability, proliferation, and cell differentiation.The current Special Issue emphasizes the bio-technological engineering of novel biocomposite inks for various 3D printing technologies, also considering important aspects in the production and use of bioinks.
    Keywords: bacteria biofabrication ; 3D printing ; tissue engineering ; probiotic food ; pine sawdust ; soda ethanol pulping ; nanocellulose ; cytotoxicity ; absorption ; wound dressings ; bioprinting ; cellulose ; hydrogel ; physical cross-linking ; 3D bioprinting ; biocomposite ink ; tubular tissue ; tubular organ ; bacterial nanocellulose ; cellulose nanofibrils ; cellulose nanocrystals ; bioink ; collagen ; ECM ; extracellular matrix ; bioinks ; biomanufacturing ; biocomposite ; forest-based MFC ; fibrils ; additive manufacturing ; artificial limb ; fused deposition modeling (FDM) ; biofabrication ; hydrogels ; growth factor cocktail ; bioactive scaffold ; printability ; carboxylated agarose ; free-standing ; human nasal chondrocytes ; clinical translational ; polyhydroxyalkanoates ; scaffolds ; biomedicine ; drug delivery ; vessel stenting ; cancer ; 3D cell culture ; CNF ; cancer stemness ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
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  • 156
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint contains articles published in the Special Issue entitled "Assessing Atmospheric Pollution and Its Impacts on the Human Health" in the journal Atmosphere. The research focuses on the evaluation of atmospheric pollution by statistical methods on the one hand, and on the other hand, on the evaluation of the relationship between the level of pollution and the extent of its effect on the population's health, especially on pulmonary diseases.
    Keywords: household air pollution ; fine particulate matter ; international environmental health ; cookstove ; respiratory disease ; brick worker ; particulate matter ; heavy metals ; Sulfate-Nitrate-Ammonium ; pollution levels ; mobile sources ; aerosols ; PAHs ; OC and EC ; transport sources ; urbanized coastal station ; grain dust ; health risk assessment ; Monte Carlo simulation ; disability adjusted life year ; multi-media exposure ; health risk ; probabilistic risk assessment ; Lake Chaohu ; PM10 ; health risks ; extreme learning machine ; echo state network ; neural networks ; pollution ; concentration ; indicators ; aberrant values ; nitrogen oxides ; ARIMA ; GRNN ; ARIMA–GRNN ; isolation forest ; LOF ; AOD ; classification ; dendrogram ; PCA ; air quality index ; polluting agents ; respiratory diseases ; monitoring stations ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology::MMGT Medical toxicology
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  • 157
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Steel has become the most requested material all over the world during the rapid technological evolution of recent centuries. As our civilization grows and its technological development becomes connected with more demanding processes, it is more and more challenging to fit the required physical and mechanical properties for steel in its huge portfolio of grades for each steel producer. It is necessary to improve the refining and casting processes continuously to meet customer requirements and to lower the production costs to remain competitive. New challenges related to both the precise design of steel properties and reduction in production costs are combined with paying special attention to environmental protection. These contradictory demands are the theme of this book.
    Keywords: oxygen converter slag ; chemical composition of slag ; structural composition of slag ; continuous casting ; tundish ; residence time ; transient casting ; swirling flow tundish ; SEN immersion depth ; multiphase flow ; heat transfer ; continuous casting mold ; computional fluid dynamiscs (CFD) ; fuzzy logic ; optimal cooling ; steel quality prediction ; deoxidation ; inclusions ; thermodynamics ; Ti-bearing steel ; Ca treatment ; dephosphorization ; EAF ; BOF ; phosphorus equilibrium ; wide-thick slab ; non-uniform solidification ; heavy reduction ; porosity ; deformation ; ladle stirring ; turbulence ; slag ; interface ; refining ; mixing time ; slag opening ; pipeline steel ; cooling rate ; composition ; Al-TRIP steel ; slag-steel reaction ; crystalline morphology ; equilibrium model ; CALPHAD ; thermodynamic model ; rare earth ; numerical simulation ; C80D steel ; transverse water flux distribution ; solidification structure ; reoxidation ; tundish cover flux ; Cr2O3 ; decomposition reaction ; RH degasser ; physical Simulation ; mixing Time ; PIV ; flow field ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 158
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint focusses on Smartness, a multidisciplinary topic, which is examined from four perspectives: Sensors, IoT, and Data Generation; Data and Information Processing; Actuation; and Digital Systems and Infrastructure. We see smartness in the way sensing is embedded in a system, the way data and information are processed, how a system interacts internally and with its environment, and whether a system is ubiquitous or limited by space (cloud-based or edge-enabled). This reprint contains a total of 14 chapters, which are grouped according to their areas of application: mobility and transportation, healthcare, industrial environments, and other urban infrastructures. This book covers a range of topics, including mobility; healthcare; image analysis; permeable pavements; solid-waste management; sensor node and gateway architectures; cloud, fog, and edge computing; air-quality monitoring; thermal anomalies and smart helmets in industrial environments; smart airports; smart districts; smart travel choices; sensor cities; artificially intelligent cities; platform urbanism; and more.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence (AI) ; artificially intelligent city ; artificially intelligence commons ; smart city ; smart urban technology ; urban informatics ; sustainable urban development ; climate change ; pandemics ; natural disasters ; sensor city ; City 4.0 ; smart urbanism ; smart governance ; disruptive urban transition ; Internet-of-Things (IoT) ; technology giants ; sensors ; transit ; bus ; transfer ; smart card ; spatial analysis ; mode choice ; internet of everything (IoE) ; 6th generation (6G) networks ; artificial intelligence ; Distributed AI as a Service (DAIaaS) ; fog computing ; edge computing ; cloud computing ; smart airport ; smart districts ; PPE ; OHS ; risk detection ; naive Bayes ; support vector machine ; convolutional neural network ; deep learning ; microcontroller ; edge-fog-cloud computing ; Internet of Things ; robotics ; autonomous driving ; image registration ; smart sensor ; real time big data ; land-use ; air quality ; particulate matter (PM10 PM2.5) ; Intelligent Transportation Systems ; functional requirements ; machine learning ; model actionability ; model evaluation ; cloud server ; customized sensor node ; customized gateway ; FLoRa simulation ; LoRa range radio ; solid waste management ; smart cities ; big data ; event detection ; road traffic ; distributed machine learning ; automatic labeling ; social media ; data analytics ; social media analytics ; Arabic tweets ; 3D microstructure reconstruction ; permeable pavement ; generative adversarial networks ; tiny AI ; tiny ML ; distributed AI as a service (DAIaaS) ; skin disease diagnosis ; healthcare ; smart societies ; smart healthcare ; reference architecture ; TensorFlow ; visually impaired ; smart mobility ; LiDAR ; ultrasonic ; obstacle detection ; obstacle recognition ; assistive tools ; green computing ; sustainability ; Arduino Uno ; smart app ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 159
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The plant kingdom, with its terrestrial and marine natural products, has been widely explored. Plant-based products have long been used to prevent and treat various ailments. Many natural compounds have been reported to have a variety of interesting and significant biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, analgesic, antidiabetic, anti-atherogenic, and antiproliferative, as well as cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties. Therefore, researchers pay special attention to the bioactive compounds synthesized by plants. Opportunities in functional ingredients and treatment of NCDs (oxidative stress, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, etc.) are widely explored. However, many therapeutic properties of plants are still to be discovered. This Special Issue reprint intends to substantially contribute to our knowledge of their beneficial properties. Natural products could be a vast resource in respect of human well-being improvement. This Special Issue reprint also aims to disseminate some of the most recent and significant contributions in natural product research on phytochemicals and biological activity.
    Keywords: Sempervivum tectorum L. ; mineral content ; bioavailable fraction ; heavy metals ; open-field plants ; tissue culture plants ; in vitro callus culture ; Rubus subg. Rubus Watson ; Vaccinium corymbosum L. ; phenolics ; radical scavenging activities ; ferric reducing power ; waste peel ; essential oil ; GC-MS ; volatile compounds ; antimicrobial activity ; chemical composition ; antioxidant activity ; fluorescence ; total phenolic content ; Aspergillus flavus ; maize ; peel extracts ; AFB1 ; qRT-PCR ; Opuntia spp. ; phytochemicals ; biological activities ; antioxidant capacity ; chemopreventive effect ; integrated pest management ; Oriental fruit fly ; pomology ; post-harvest disease control ; Sambucus nigra L. ; medicinal plants ; flavonoids ; phenols ; carbohydrates ; amino acids ; Flos Abelmoschus manihot ; medicinal part ; non-medicinal parts ; UFLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS ; metabolite profiling ; multivariate statistical analysis ; juniper ; natural products ; tree ; leaves ; disease ; bioactive compounds ; microbial resistance ; turmeric ; Curcuma aromatica ; Curcuma caesia ; Curcuma longa ; Curcuma zanthorrhiza ; enantiomeric distribution ; chiral ; cultivars ; foliar sprays ; Humulus lupulus ; liming ; phenolic compounds ; plant vigour ; polyphenols ; antimicrobial activity enhancement ; ascorbic acid ; Maillard reaction products ; laccase–mediator system ; horseradish peroxidase–H2O2 system ; tomato pomace ; by-product utilization ; finger millet ; gluten-free ; potato flour ; convenience food ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 160
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This Special Issue is aimed to offer an overview of studies presenting new rehabilitation approaches addressed to children with neurodevelopmental disorders, designed to enhance the effects of learning processes through the use of new technologies. The contributions of this Special Issue, authored by researchers and clinicians from some of the most valued Italian scientific institutions in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders, can offer some useful data and advice on the use of technology in rehabilitation and telerehabilitation to researchers, rehabilitators, clinicians and pratictioners (psychologists, neuropsychologists, speech therapists, etc.).
    Keywords: neurorehabilitation ; cognitive enhancement in children ; tech mediated rehabilitation ; developmental coordination disorders ; virtual reality ; telerehabilitation ; specific learning disorders ; cerebral palsy ; well-being ; dyslexia ; rhythm ; music therapy ; intervention ; developmental dyslexia ; new technologies ; augmented reality ; good practices ; Delphi method ; rehabilitation ; remote intervention ; children ; age ; severity ; improvement ; follow-up ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 161
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: There has been a rapid development in the academic literature over the last ten years on papers relating to individualization, personalization, patient-, client-, consumer- and person-centredness, with work on conceptual, instrumental, observational, and experimental levels. This Special Issue presents papers that can further establish the current state of science on these topics relating to personalized nursing and health care. We collected papers that highlight and further the knowledge base conceptually, instrumentally, observationally, and experimentally with sound theoretical and methodological underpinnings and implications for research, theory, and clinical work in the disciplines of nursing, medicine, allied health, and beyond.
    Keywords: anxiety ; life satisfaction ; life–work concerns ; melatonin ; cortisol ; biopsychosocial model ; obstetric complications ; patients’ rights ; student ; nursing ; personalized medicine ; HIV ; mobile health ; smartphone application ; symptom management ; nurse practitioners ; nursing home ; COVID-19 ; palliative care ; end-of-life ; dignified death ; older adults ; accidental falls ; fall prevention ; barriers ; patient compliance ; music therapy ; dementia ; caregiver ; RCT ; patient-centred care ; competence ; assessment ; instrument ; measurement ; validity ; reliability ; individual care ; nurses ; older diabetes patients ; physicians ; support ; Parkinson’s disease ; nursing training ; integrated care ; Parkinson nurse ; personalized care ; multidisciplinary care ; patient-centered ; arthritis ; autoimmune disease ; sociopsychological factors ; emotion ; depression ; self-identity ; qualitative study ; observational study ; dysmenorrhea ; kinesio tape ; auricular acupressure ; pain ; nursing care ; patient care planning ; quality of health care ; conditional inference trees ; education ; distance ; learning ; digital ; drawings ; Nigeria ; perinatal loss ; social networks ; stillbirth ; stillborn ; functional status ; health care ; hospitalization ; activities of daily living ; pelvic floor muscle exercises ; pelvic floor dysfunction ; qualitative research ; therapeutic exercise ; therapeutic adherence ; women’s health physiotherapy ; diabetes mellitus type 2 ; prediction model ; LogicRegression ; interpretability ; pelvic organ prolapse ; lifestyle changes ; women’s experience ; n/a ; foot ; foot self-care ; methodological review ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 162
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Coastal regions are susceptible to rapid changes, as they constitute the boundary between the land and the sea. The resilience of a particular segment of coast depends on many factors, including climate change, sea-level changes, natural and technological hazards, extraction of natural resources, population growth, and tourism. Recent research highlights the strong capabilities for remote sensing applications to monitor, inventory, and analyze the coastal environment. This book contains 12 high-quality and innovative scientific papers that explore, evaluate, and implement the use of remote sensing sensors within both natural and built coastal environments.
    Keywords: big data applications ; data processing ; data visualization ; neural networks ; reduction ; coastal waters ; urban expansion ; remote sensing and GIS ; expansion types and rates ; major explanatory factors ; Miami metropolitan area ; cliff coastlines ; cliff retreat ; time-series analysis ; airborne laser scanner ; warm upwelling ; sea surface temperature ; numerical modelling ; winter ; southern Baltic Sea ; beach monitoring ; mobile terrestrial LiDAR ; intensity calibration ; beach surface moisture ; Baltic coast ; Poland ; CORINE Land Cover ; land cover flow ; urbanisation ; afforestation ; deforestation ; spatial analysis ; SDGs ; coastal habitats ; ecosystem monitoring ; land cover mapping ; random forest algorithm ; Sentinel-2 ; modified soil-adjusted vegetation index 2–MSAVI2 ; normalized difference water index 2–NDWI2 ; brightness index 2–BI2 ; oil spill ; remote sensing ; review ; machine learning ; deep learning ; trajectory modeling ; vulnerability assessment ; coastal geomorphology ; shoreline change ; coastal process ; monitoring ; geomatic techniques ; Po River Delta ; archival multi-temporal data ; coastline changes ; emerged/submerged surfaces ; land subsidence ; relative sea level rise 2100 ; land cover ; dune coast ; air photograph ; South Baltic Sea ; coastal monitoring ; estuaries ; IoT ; lidar ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 163
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: There is a growing recognition that rapid action in response to climate change is urgently necessary, and that many of the responsibilities for this action (e.g., relating to transport, land-use planning and economic development) rest at the local level. This is attested to by the growing number of local authorities that have declared climate emergencies across the globe. Responding to this emergency will require significant changes in the assumptions, expectations, priorities and procedures of locally elected representatives and government officials. This Special Issue will explore the responses of local government, as a key locus of sustainability governance, to the need for rapid climate action, drawing on examples from diverse locations (UK, western Europe, Chile and South Africa) and at various scales (from the smallest local areas, to city regions, counties and provinces).
    Keywords: climate change ; local government ; climate governance ; urban transport ; politics ; local climate action ; climate emergency ; phronesis ; practical wisdom ; crisis ; UK ; Paris Agreement ; carbon budgets ; transport ; governance ; carbon accounting ; scalar ; top-down ; bottom-up ; local governments ; critical infrastructure investment ; capacities ; political leadership attributes ; municipal organizational robustness ; Chile ; pop-up consultancy centre ; local authorities ; home renovation ; decentralised approach ; home-owner renovation journey ; business models ; multi-level governance ; informal settlements ; sanitation services ; institutional remaking ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 164
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The goal of this Special Issue is to bring together state-of-the art articles on applied linguistics which reflect investigation carried out by researchers from different parts of the world. By bringing together papers from different perspectives, we hope to be able to gain a better understanding of the field. Hence, this Special Issue intends to address the study of language in its different dimensions and within the framework of multiple methodologies and formal accounts as used by researchers in the field. This Special Issue is dedicated to research in any area related to applied linguistics, including language acquisition and language learning; language teaching and curriculum design; language for specific purposes; psychology of language, child language and psycholinguistics; sociolinguistics; pragmatics; discourse analysis; corpus linguistics, computational linguistics and language engineering; lexicology and lexicography; and translation and interpretation.
    Keywords: P1-1091 ; valency changing ; foreign language teaching ; n/a ; English as a Foreign Language ; Russian ; teaching methodologies in Higher Education ; internationalization of the curriculum ; Integrating Content and Language in Higher Education (ICLHE) ; language attitudes ; English linguistic imperialism ; cognates ; discourse analysis ; middle voice ; Spanish ; Lexical Crosslinguistic Influence ; corpus analysis ; Spanish universities ; internationalisation ; language contact ; Samoyedic languages ; Frame-Based Terminology ; conceptual complexes ; modals ; English as a medium of instruction (EMI) ; reflexive ; legal English ; language policy ; lemmatic transfer ; minority language ; grammatical gender ; linguistic landscape ; interference ; conceptual information extraction ; metonymy ; late Modern English scientific writing ; discourse practices ; domain loss ; pattern borrowing ; spontaneous translanguaging ; lexemic transfer ; teacher training ; bilingualism ; geographic contextualization ; metaphor ; frame-based terminology ; text mining ; language diversity ; English for Specific Purposes ; language acquisition ; Tungusic languages ; higher education ; Papiamentu ; food ; multilingualism ; Coruña Corpus ; named river ; Study Abroad ; translation ; idiom ; Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) ; business English ; bic Book Industry Communication::C Language
    Language: English
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  • 165
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint compiles several studies on radiation interactions with biomolecules. The fragmentation induced by slow electron and electron scattering processes are described, and the induced processes by UV radiation are characterised. The present Special Issue offers complementary studies on radiation induced by photons and electrons in biological (and related) target molecules. The present collection provides important insights on radiation physics and chemistry and the advances in knowledge in these areas.
    Keywords: methane ; cross-section ; elastic scattering ; electrons ; CRISPR/Cas9 ; DNA cleavage ; ECD ; spectroscopy ; guide RNA ; RNP complex ; SpCas9 ; radiosensitizer ; low-energy electron ; dissociative electron attachment ; roaming ; tirapazamine ; predissociation ; electron scattering cross sections ; benzene ionization ; VUV photoabsorption ; halopyrimidines ; valence and Rydberg states ; time-dependent density functional theory ; radiosensitizers ; taurine ; elastic constant ; Brillouin scattering ; acoustic mode ; negative ions ; oxaloacetic acid ; citric acid ; mass spectrometry ; anticancer drugs ; cisplatin ; platinum (II) halo-carbonyl complexes ; low-energy electrons ; dissociative ionization ; focused electron beam induced deposition ; sevoflurane ; pheomelanin ; nitrotyrosine ; dityrosine ; photooxidation ; photosensitizer ; IR radiation ; horseradish peroxidase ; catalase ; alkaline phosphatase ; antioxidant ; vapor ; coherent domain ; anion–molecule collisions ; electron detachment cross sections ; positive ion-induced fragmentation ; molecular dynamics ; radiotherapy ; X-ray ; modified nucleosides ; DNA damage ; hypoxia ; chemoradiation ; low-energy electron interaction ; perfluorination ; HF formation ; pentafluorothiophenol ; 2-fluorothiophenol ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
    Language: English
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  • 166
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Agricultural production management is facing a new era of intelligence and automation. With developments in sensor technologies, the temporal, spectral, and spatial resolution from ground/air/space platforms have been notably improved. Optical sensors play an essential role in agriculture production management. Specifically, monitoring plant health, growth conditions, and insect infestation has traditionally involved extensive fieldwork. We believe that sensors, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are not simply scientific experiments but opportunities to make our agricultural production management more efficient and cost-effective, further contributing to the healthy development of natural–human systems. This reprint compiles the latest research on optical sensors and machine learning in agricultural monitoring, including related topics: Machine learning approaches for crop health, growth, and yield monitoring; Combined multisource/multi-sensor data to improve the crop parameters mapping; Crop-related growth models, artificial intelligence models, algorithms, and precision management; Farmland environmental monitoring and management; Ground, air, and space platforms application in precision agriculture; Development and application of field robotics; High-throughput field information survey; Phenological monitoring.
    Keywords: soil moisture content ; spectral processing technology ; hyperspectral ; principal component analysis ; feature parameters extraction ; yield estimation ; rice ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; tasseled cap transformation ; precision agriculture ; weed identification ; YOLOv4-Tiny ; attention mechanism ; multiscale detection ; angle normalization ; vegetation canopy reflectance ; geostationary satellite ; path length correction ; Minnaert model ; GOCI ; winter wheat ; LSTM ; LAI ; deep learning ; land use ; land cover ; classification ; random forest ; Sentinel data ; SRTM ; feature selection ; accuracy ; validation ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; soybean ; convolutional neural network ; multispectral imagery ; fusarium head blight ; texture indices ; machine learning ; cropland ; multi-seasonal ; fractal feature ; feature extraction ; accuracy evaluation ; black soil ; UAV ; chlorophyll ; fractional vegetation cover ; maturity monitoring ; anomaly detection ; smart agriculture ; detection of apple leaf diseases ; YOLOv5 ; transformer ; CBAM ; crop type classification ; multi-temporal ; remote sensing ; dairy cows ; body condition score ; 3D TOF sensor ; non-contact evaluation ; recognize area of interest ; sugarcane clones ; canopy cover ; light interception ; biomass ; cane yield ; peanut southern blight ; reflection spectrum ; spectral index ; continuous wavelet transform ; VGNet ; corn diseases ; leaf detection ; lightweight ; transfer learning ; agriculture ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 167
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: This reprint reports on new advances in basic and applied research of soil pollution and remediation. A list of contaminants are targeted, including toxic metal(loid)s (e.g., Pb, As, Sb, and multi-metals), organic contaminants (e.g., organochlorine pesticides, phenanthrene, and petroleum), and antibiotics (e.g., sulfadiazine). The occurrence, environmental behaviors, and risks of these contaminants are explored. Special attention is devoted to techniques for the remediation of polluted soils, such as stabilization/solidification, photocatalytic degradation, and thermal desorption. This reprint provides new insights into soil pollution and remediation.
    Keywords: miyun reservoir ; pollution assessment ; binary mixing model ; source appointment ; illegal use ; non-point source pollution ; agricultural use ; veterinary use ; Three Gorges ; sulfadiazine ; Cu2+ co-existence ; paddy soils ; adsorption ; soil properties ; β-CD modified BC ; stabilization/solidification ; response surface methodology ; synchronous adsorption investigations ; PHe ; primary explosives site ; heavy metal contamination ; antimony ; co-occurring metal ; Fe–Al-based amendment ; immobilization ; heavy metals ; input flux ; source ; management ; garland chrysanthemum ; lettuce ; antioxidant defense enzymes ; GSH ; PCs ; comprehensive evaluation method ; contaminated soil ; ex situ thermal desorption ; environmental impact ; resource utilization ; low-molecular-weight organic acid salts ; phosphate ; arsenic-contaminated soil ; microorganisms ; nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) ; biochar ; photocatalysis ; synergy ; TPH ; soil ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology::TQK Pollution control
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  • 168
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Pharmaceuticals represent an especially worrying class of micropollutants because they are biologically active. Thus, their occurrence in aquatic environments may cause undesirable effects in living organisms and, if present in water sources for human consumption, may constitute a public health issue. However, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which have not been designed for the removal of pharmaceuticals and cannot guarantee their full elimination, are considered hotspots for their dissemination in natural waters. In this context, the Special Issue (SI) entitled “Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Water: Conventional and Alternative Treatments” was launched to contribute to the assessment of the contemporary challenges and advances in the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater. Papers published in the SI, which have been compiled in this book, approached the topic with either of the following different perspectives: (i) the fate and removal of pharmaceuticals by conventional treatments applied in existing WWTPs; or (ii) advanced and alternative green approaches to remove pharmaceuticals from water. Apart from the Editorial, papers published within this SI include two literature reviews and six experimental studies, all of them presenting unconventional approaches, original views, innovative research and/or novel methodologies. This compilation will definitely spark the attention of readers intrigued in the topic, and is useful for researchers in the field.
    Keywords: transportation of pharmaceuticals ; Malaysian aquatic environment ; pharmaceutical consumption ; LC-ToF/MS ; emerging contaminants (ECs) ; sorption ; wastewater treatment ; bioremediation ; algae ; Moringa stenopetala ; water-soluble proteins ; antibiotics removal efficiency ; pharmaceuticals ; water quality ; water treatment ; abatement options ; fungi ; biosorption ; removal of pharmaceuticals ; wastewater ; phyco-remediation ; emerging contaminants ; paracetamol ; Danio rerio ; advanced oxidation processes ; antibiotics ; photolysis ; ozone ; hydrogen peroxide ; Fenton ; heterogeneous photocatalysis ; sonochemical oxidation ; electrooxidation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 169
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This is a timely collection of recent diverse work on metal oxide nanomaterials, connecting their fundamental aspects and application perspectives in a concise fashion to give a broad view of the current status of this fascinating field. This book presents eight original research articles and two comprehensive reviews to highlight the recent development and understanding of different types of metal oxide nanoparticles and their use for applications in luminescence, photocatalysis, water–oil separation, optoelectronics, gas sensors, energy-saving smart windows, etc. It presents just the tip of the iceberg of the broad, dynamic, and active fundamental research and applications in the developing field of metal oxide nanomaterials by collecting a few examples of the latest advancements.
    Keywords: photoinduced hydrophilicity ; surface energy ; heterostructures ; charge transfer ; work function ; adsorbed water ; nanocarrier ; nanoparticle ; age-dependent adsorption ; Langmuir isotherm ; deoxynucleoside monophosphate ; silica@zirconia ; core@shell ; solution NMR ; buffer interference with adsorption ; VO2 ; phase change material ; flexible thin film ; thermochromics ; energy efficient materials ; RF magnetron sputtering ; ZnO:N thin films ; Raman spectroscopy ; photoluminescence spectroscopy ; electrical characteristics ; charge carrier transport properties ; nanostructured surface ; wettability ; metal fiber felt ; oil–water separation ; emulsion ; nanocomposite ; worm-like micelle ; viscoelastic surfactant ; fracturing fluid ; stability ; two-dimensional materials ; metal oxide ; nanoparticles ; composite materials ; gas sensors ; microstructure ; composites ; photoactivity ; pesticides ; wastewater ; photocatalysis ; metal oxides ; semiconductors ; BaZrO3 ; europium ; luminescence ; EXAFS ; defect ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 170
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Dry pasta is one of the most popular staple foods worldwide due to its convenience in terms of affordability, versatility, long shelf life, as well as sensory and nutritional value. As such, it represents a suitable carrier for health-promoting substances providing specific physiological functions. This Special Issue deals with the continuum aspects, “from seed to fork”, that could have an impact on the nutritional, sensory, and technological aspects of pasta. In this Special Issue, we aimed to publish innovative research and review papers on physico-chemical and sensorial characteristics, nutritional value, functional and technological properties of pasta, and pasta-making processes. New raw materials, new functional ingredients, up-cycling of waste materials, in vivo experiments to test the effect of assumption of the supplemented pasta, and innovative packaging systems will also be addressed in this Special Issue. Predictions of pasta quality adopting chemometrics as well as multi-variate and statistical data analysis approaches were welcomed. Finally, in the medium term, the international pasta market is expected to stay negative unless tangible product innovations are introduced, particularly regarding the technological innovations aimed at improving the products’ health benefits. This Special Issue aimed to provide a fundamental understanding and present the current strategies to improve the technological, nutritional, and sensory properties of pasta.
    Keywords: innovative pasta raw materials ; durum ; emmer ; spelt ; pasta ; brewers’ spent grain ; dietary fiber ; einkorn ; functional pasta ; tritordeum ; upcycling ; unconventional ingredients ; nutritional value ; cooking quality ; legumes ; Spirulina Platensis ; resistant starch ; hydrolysis index ; dietary fibre ; annealing ; slowly digestible starch ; carbohydrates ; fiber ; in vitro digestion ; micronization ; brown rice ; air fractionation ; parboiling ; rice pasta ; enriched pasta ; bioactive compound ; tuna ; sea bass ; Ω-3 fatty acids ; sensometrics ; TPA (texture profile analysis) ; glycemic index ; glycemic response ; durum wheat ; landraces ; starch ; available carbohydrates ; glycemic load ; texture profile analysis ; gluten-free ; celiac disease ; fish ; allergy ; pear, date, and apple by-products ; wheat flour ; sensorial properties ; scanning electron microscopy ; multiple factor analysis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems & services::MBPK Mental health services
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  • 171
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This Special Issue consists of seven papers that discuss how to enhance mobility management and its associated performance in the mobile-oriented future Internet (MOFI) environment. The first two papers deal with the architectural design and experimentation of mobility management schemes, in which new schemes are proposed and real-world testbed experimentations are performed. The subsequent three papers focus on the use of software-defined networks (SDN) for effective service provisioning in the MOFI environment, together with real-world practices and testbed experimentations. The remaining two papers discuss the network engineering issues in newly emerging mobile networks, such as flying ad-hoc networks (FANET) and connected vehicular networks.
    Keywords: flying ad hoc network (FANET) ; mobile ad hoc network (MANET) ; highly dynamic ; periodical ; topology change awareness ; routing protocol ; mobility management ; architecture ; implementation ; experimentation ; EU–Korea testbed ; SDN ; DASH ; QoE ; HTTP/3 ; QUIC ; traffic signal control ; shared lane ; control strategy ; vehicle-to-infrastructure ; variable lane line ; cloud computing ; management ; middle box ; placement ; resource ; vendor-agnostic ; virtual machine ; VM ; affordable playground ; hyper-converged SmartX Box ; distributed resources ; multi-site and virtualized cloud ; software-defined networking ; DevOps automation ; ILNP ; identifier-locator ; mobile network ; roaming ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATF Films, cinema ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATJ Television
    Language: English
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  • 172
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint contains 14 articles on various aspects of many-body physics. Most of the articles are devoted to different phenomena in Bose–Einstein condensate (M.R. Pathak and A. Nath; M.H. Figlioli Donato and S.R. Muniz ; B. Halder with coauthors; O.E. Alon).L. Madeira and V.S. Bagnato discuss the route of an out-of-equilibrium system to its thermalized state. M.R. Singh discusses the many-body interactions in plasmonic nanohybrids. M. Pudlak and R. Nazmitdinov analyze electron transport through a one-dimensional quantum ring, subject to Rashba spin–orbit interaction in the presence of external fields. R. Friedberg and J.T. Manassah report computer investigations on the duration memory for storage for an isolated atom. M.C. Pagnacco with coauthors describe the crazy-clock phenomenon. V.I. Yukalov and E.P. Yukalova consider materials with nanoscale phase separation. E.M. Anitas investigates materials with fractal-like geometry. L. Madeira with coauthors address the topic of quantum turbulence. K. Ziegler discusses how the employment of the diagonal elements of the time correlation matrix can be used to probe closed quantum systems that are measured at random times. L. Salasnich analyzes the collective dynamics of electrons in graphene positioned between the two slabs.
    Keywords: plasmonics ; nano-optics ; dipole-dipole interaction ; density matrix method ; dressed states ; Kerr effect ; quantum dots ; metallic nanoparticles ; graphene ; quantum many-body theory ; acoustic plasmons ; Bose-Einstein condensates ; infinite-particle-number limit ; many-body theory ; mean-field theory ; position variance ; momentum variance ; angular-momentum variance ; solvable models ; harmonic-interaction model ; anisotropy ; dynamics of closed quantum systems ; random probing ; separation of time scales ; Hilbert-space localization ; quantum turbulence ; Bose-Einstein condensate ; out-of-equilibrium ; small-angle scattering ; fractional Brownian surfaces ; fractal dimension ; Hurst exponent ; spectral exponent ; nanoscale phase separation ; quasi-equilibrium system ; heterophase mixture ; zeroth-order transition ; nucleation point ; four-color optical lattice ; soliton ; crazy clock ; Briggs–Rauscher reaction ; state I to state II transition ; symmetry breaking ; iodine ; K-means analysis ; random number generator ; non-thermal fixed points ; out-of-equilibrium system ; Bose–Einstein condensate ; turbulence ; Josephson effect ; spinor BEC ; toroidal superfluid ; quantum droplets ; multi-color periodic confinement ; Rashba spin–orbit interaction ; semiconductor quantum ring ; Floquet theory ; light–matter coupling ; magnetic field ; bit retrieval ; long-time memory ; Nyxion ; continuous pump ; coalescence ; Aurora ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 173
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: The present book contributes to the public administration literature by providing new insights into corporate social responsibility (CSR), sustainability initiatives, and stakeholder engagement in the higher education context. The fourteen papers published in this Special Issue discuss the role of public universities in promoting sustainability actions, university missions, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) embedded in the 2030 UN Agenda. In each contribution, avenues for research are suggested and, most importantly, stronger analytical connections are advocated between these inter-related research areas. In more detail, two papers focus their attention on university transparency and the processes’ complexity in public institutions. Furthermore, two papers focus on CSR teaching and education, three papers analyze universities’ social responsibility initiatives, and five papers focus on the SDGs. Lastly, taking into account how social networks have changed university communication and become powerful tools for building relationships with stakeholders, two papers of the Special Issue consider social media’s role in university communications.
    Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals ; higher education ; sustainability reporting ; Global Reporting Initiative ; thematic analysis ; CSR ; SDGs ; sustainable development ; institutionalization ; strategic plan ; performance measurement ; university ; university social responsibility ; universities ; social responsibility ; CSR reporting ; Italy ; sustainable development goals ; case study ; strategies ; reporting ; education ; Economia Aziendale ; CSR3 ; business ethics ; corporate social responsibility disclosure ; stakeholders engagement ; social network ; Twitter ; sustainability ; Italian universities ; stakeholder engagement ; social media ; disclosure ; corporate social responsibility (CSR) ; corporate strategy ; transparency ; public research institutes ; information disclosure ; public administration ; social justice ; university leadership ; efficiency ; support activities ; processes ; SDG 5 ; gender reporting ; gender budgeting ; Italian university ; the impact ranking ; social accounting theories ; CRUI guidelines ; teaching ; responsibility ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
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  • 174
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) has become one of the most widespread technologies for spatial light modulation in optics and photonics applications. These reflective microdisplays are composed of a high-performance silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) backplane, which controls the light-modulating properties of the liquid crystal layer. State-of-the-art LCoS microdisplays may exhibit a very small pixel pitch (below 4 ?m), a very large number of pixels (resolutions larger than 4K), and high fill factors (larger than 90%). They modulate illumination sources covering the UV, visible, and far IR. LCoS are used not only as displays but also as polarization, amplitude, and phase-only spatial light modulators, where they achieve full phase modulation. Due to their excellent modulating properties and high degree of flexibility, they are found in all sorts of spatial light modulation applications, such as in LCOS-based display systems for augmented and virtual reality, true holographic displays, digital holography, diffractive optical elements, superresolution optical systems, beam-steering devices, holographic optical traps, and quantum optical computing. In order to fulfil the requirements in this extensive range of applications, specific models and characterization techniques are proposed. These devices may exhibit a number of degradation effects such as interpixel cross-talk and fringing field, and time flicker, which may also depend on the analog or digital backplane of the corresponding LCoS device. The use of appropriate characterization and compensation techniques is then necessary.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; aberration compensation ; holographic and volume memories ; achromatic lens ; head-up displays ; phase characterization ; holographic display ; spatial resolution ; spatial light modulator ; zoom lens ; soliton ; transmission matrix ; head-mounted displays ; diffraction ; parallel-aligned ; liquid-crystal on silicon ; phase measurement ; multimode fiber ; digital holography ; chromatic aberration ; multiorder diffractive lens ; holography ; phase accuracy ; interference ; computer generated hologram ; optical manipulation ; speckle suppression ; phase modulation ; transparent mode ; light scattering ; ferroelectric ; phase change ; liquid-crystal-on-silicon ; imaging systems ; Liquid Crystal on Silicon display ; diffractive optical element ; liquid crystals ; spatially anamorphic phenomenon ; calibration ; head-up display ; helix-free ; phase precision and stability ; kinoform ; spatial light modulators ; photopolymer ; diffractive optics ; mode division multiplexing ; liquid crystal on silicon device ; augmented reality displays ; holographic data storage ; liquid crystal spatial light modulator ; harmonic lens ; fringing field effect ; liquid crystal ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 175
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Mechanical and hydraulic soil properties are strongly affected by the degree of saturation, with important consequences for earthen embankments, soil–vegetation–atmosphere interactions, geoenvironmental applications, and risk mitigation. The presence of sloping ground surfaces is common. In slightly inclined natural slopes, susceptible to deep landslides, the unsaturated condition of shallow soil horizons affects deep pore water pressures and, therefore, global stability. The stability of steep mountains covered by shallow deposits is often guaranteed by a shear strength contribution related to the unsaturated condition. In this case, the degree of saturation plays a key role in determining which rainfall events can act as landslide triggers, consequently controlling the post-failure evolution. Partial saturation is the basic characteristic of soils used as construction materials of geo-structures such as levees, dikes, and dams. It governs the structure behavior during construction phases, in serviceability, and in extreme scenarios. Hoping to provide a bridge between theoretical research and practical applications, this Special Issue collects quality contributions related to natural and artificial slopes under unsaturated conditions, focusing on aspects such as: water retention and transport properties, mechanical behavior, advances in experimental methods, laboratory and in situ characterization, field monitoring, geotechnical and geophysical field tests, landslide investigation and prevention, the design and maintenance of engineered slopes, and the constitutive and numerical modeling of hydro-mechanical behavior.
    Keywords: landslide ; soil slide ; LAMP ; soil water content ; soil moisture ; monitoring ; calibration ; installation ; rainfall ; debris flow ; in situ characterization ; triaxial tests ; unsaturated conditions ; unsaturated slope ; Ruedlingen field experiment ; lateral resistance ; limit equilibrium solution ; riverbank ; unsaturated soils ; water retention curve ; unsaturated permeability curve ; transient seepage ; slope stability ; pyroclastic soils ; infiltration ; capillary barriers ; stability analysis ; water retention ; suction ; silty sands ; commercial experimental techniques ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 176
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The ocean is the cradle of life and is rich in natural resources. With the worldwide boom in exploration and application of ocean resources, a dramatically increasing amount of coastal engineering and offshore engineering facilities have been constructed in the last few decades. The rapid development of human economic activities and the global climate change have significant impacts on the marine environment, resulting in frequent geological disasters. Under this circumstance, there is an urgent demand for a platform for scientists and engineers to share their state-of-art research outcomes in the field of Marine Engineering Geology. This book is a collection of a series of articles from the 2nd International Symposium of Marine Engineering Geology (ISMEG 2019), presenting some of the recent efforts made towards marine engineering geology and geotechnics, including theoretical advances, laboratory and field testing, design methods, and the potential for further development of these disciplines.
    Keywords: marine soft soil ; double-layer foundation ; consolidation theory ; drainage boundary ; spudcan ; skirted footing ; footprint ; jack-up ; clay ; large deformation analysis ; coral sands ; porous media ; model test ; dispersion ; mechanical dispersion ; molecular diffusion ; soft clay ; cyclic loads ; residual pore pressure ; suction anchor ; wave ; seafloor instability ; pore pressure ; slide surface ; gas distribution ; meshfree method ; VARANS ; Biot’s “u − p” approximation ; wave-current induced seabed response ; immersed tunnel ; sediment liquefaction ; heavy metal ; migration ; interior of sediment ; the subaqueous Yellow River Delta ; ocean waves ; double-frequency microseisms ; continental margin ; continental slope ; coral sand ; Fujian sand ; shaking table test ; dynamic response ; pile group ; marine engineering ; seismic liquefaction ; novel liquefaction-resistant structures ; mitigation strategies ; sand wave ; pressure sensing technique ; physical model test ; field application ; wingsail ; aerodynamics ; numerical simulation ; marine silty sand ; small-strain stiffness ; Hardin model ; binary packing model ; dredging and reclamation ; constitutive relationship ; centrifugal experiment ; void ratio–effective stress ; void ratio–permeability coefficient ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 177
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint contains several articles where the molecular mechanisms and structural changes in target proteins on interaction with various viruses and bacteria were studied. In addition, drug-protein interactions, drug–drug interaction mechanisms, anti-Glycating, antioxidant, binding affinity, network pharmacology-driven investigations, and targeted anticancer treatments were also investigated.
    Keywords: RSV ; ectodomain G protein ; heparan sulfate ; protein–ligand interaction ; fluorescence quenching ; molecular docking ; molecular dynamic simulation ; quercetin ; CCL4 ; neurotoxicity ; VirtualToxLab ; oxidative stress markers ; Huperzine A ; molecular dynamics simulation ; fluorescence spectroscopy ; human serum albumin ; neurodegenerative disorders ; drug–protein interactions ; erlotinib ; bovine serum albumin ; binding interaction ; competition ; hepatitis E virus ; methyltransferase ; protein stability ; enzyme assay ; garlic ; antioxidant ; anti-glycation ; glycation ; AGEs ; HSA ; quetiapine ; hydrophobic interaction ; thermodynamic parameters ; seproxetine ; antidepressant ; charge transfer ; π-acceptors ; DFT ; haloperidol ; antipsychotics ; keratoconus ; MMP-2 ; MMP-9 ; molecular dynamics ; MM-GBSA calculations ; pharmacophore mapping ; α-amylase ; advanced glycation end-products ; caffeic acid ; coumaric acid ; coronary artery disease ; phytotherapy ; network pharmacology ; angiogenesis ; zebrafish ; dynamics molecular docking ; NEK7 ; virtual screening ; DFTs ; deep learning ; drug design ; drug repurposing ; structural-based ; cancer ; A. aspera ; β-amyrin ; C. gigantea ; C. procera ; GC-MS ; Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ; Molecular docking ; MD simulations ; Tuberculosis (TB) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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  • 178
    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: Gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) are two phytohormones that regulate, in an antagonistic way, plant growth as well as several developmental processes from seed maturation and germination to flowering time, through hypocotyl elongation and root growth. In general, ABA and GA inhibit and promote, respectively, cell elongation and growth. Consequently, this mutual antagonism between GA and ABA governs many developmental decisions in plants.In addition to its role as a growth and development modulator, ABA is primarily known for being a major player in the response and adaptation of plants to diverse abiotic stress conditions, including cold, heat, drought, salinity or flooding. Remarkably, different works have also recently pointed to a function for GA in the control of some biological processes in response to stress.The selection of research and review papers of this book, mostly focused on ABA, covers a wide range of topics related to the most recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of ABA and GA functions in plants.
    Keywords: Picea wilsonii ; transcription factor ; PwNAC11 ; drought stress ; ABA signaling ; Arabidopsis ; GA signaling ; AGB1 ; MYB62 ; protein interaction ; ABA deficiency ; fruit dehydration ; gene expression ; hormone application ; Pinalate ; postharvest ; upstream open reading frame ; translation ; abscisic acid ; protein kinase WNK8 ; ABA ; drought ; metabolites ; signaling ; crop breeding ; carotenoid ; CCD ; NCED ; poplar ; gibberellin (GA) ; abscisic acid (ABA) ; seed development ; seed maturation ; alternative splicing ; abiotic stress responses ; plant development ; root and tuber crops ; stem/root tuber development ; GA ; gibberellic acid ; arabidopsis ; ABI5 ; ABI5-binding proteins (AFPs) ; DELLA proteins ; SLEEPY1 ; germination ; dormancy ; storage proteins ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 179
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Long-term exposure to environmental toxicants is estimated to account for 70–90% of the risks of acquiring chronic ailments. Presently, chronic kidney disease and infertility affect a significant proportion of the world population, while research data indicate that exposure to toxic metals may contribute to the looming statistics. Alarming evidence suggests that exposure to the heavy metal cadmium may affect every stage of life, and exposure in early life may determine susceptibility to certain diseases in adulthood. Prevention of these outcomes requires avoidance of further environmental contamination, minimization of exposure, and reduction of toxic metals in food crops to the lowest achievable levels.
    Keywords: Trace elements ; hair ; children ; hazardous waste incinerator ; Constantí (Catalonia, Spain) ; blood lead level ; boatyard ; childhood ; lead poisoning ; fishing community ; lead weights ; β2-microglobulin ; cadmium ; creatinine clearance ; glomerular filtration ; N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase ; nephron mass ; nephrotoxicity ; trace elements ; autopsy tissues ; temporal trends ; creatinine excretion ; glomerular filtration rate ; lead ; kidney ; endocytosis ; metallothionein ; flow cytometry ; proximal tubule epithelial cells ; OGTT ; minimal model ; glucose response mechanism ; genotoxicity ; aluminum chloride ; rats ; food ; farmer ; PTWI (provisional tolerable monthly intake) ; TWI (tolerable weekly intake) ; Monte Carlo simulation ; mercury ; obesogen ; lipid profiles ; hyperlipidemia ; elevated liver enzymes ; hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] ; mitochondrial fragmentation ; dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) ; mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (MRCC I) ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; blood lead ; cellular immunity ; phagocytosis ; humoral munity ; immunosuppression ; insulin ; diabetes ; hyperglycemia ; hyperinsulinemia ; lipogenic ; β-cell toxicity ; stroke ; cerebrovascular accident ; heavy metal ; rare earth element ; case-control study ; mortality ; lifetime cadmium intake ; renal diseases ; urinary cadmium ; a follow-up study ; diet ; kidney function ; chronic kidney disease ; threshold limit ; tolerable intake level ; heavy metals ; birth weight ; preterm birth ; diet pattern ; Mediterranean diet ; pregnancy ; toxic metals ; reproduction ; testicular and ovarian structure ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine
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  • 180
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Exceptional loads on buildings and structures are known to take origin and manifest from different causes, like natural hazards and possible high-strain dynamic effects, human-made attacks and impact issues for load-bearing components, possible accidents, and even unfavorable/extreme operational conditions. All these aspects can be critical for specific structural typologies and/or materials that are particularly sensitive to external conditions. In this regard, dedicated analysis methods and performance indicators are required for the design and maintenance under the expected lifetime. Typical issues and challenges can find huge efforts and clarification in research studies, which are able to address with experiments and/or numerical analyses the expected performance and capacity of a given structural system, with respect to demands. Accordingly, especially for existing structures or strategic buildings, the need for retrofit or mitigation of adverse effects suggests the definition of optimal and safe use of innovative materials, techniques, and procedures. This Special Issue follows the first successful edition and confirms the need of continuous research efforts in support of building design under extreme loads, with a list of original research papers focused on various key aspects of structural performance assessment for buildings and systems under exceptional design actions and operational conditions.
    Keywords: blast loads ; slab-column joints ; prediction model ; damage level ; progressive collapse ; steel beam-to-column connections ; catenary mechanism ; double-span assemblies ; stiffness degradation ; timber-to-timber composite (TCC) joints ; push-out (PO) test setup ; inclined self-tapping screws (STSs) ; finite-element (FE) method ; cohesive zone modelling (CZM) method ; boundaries ; friction ; sensitivity study ; prototype abutment ; non-destructive test ; surcharge load ; mode number ; scour ; steel truss ; roof structure ; partial collapse ; finite element analysis ; lightning strike ; cable-stayed bridge ; social disaster ; blast scenario ; blast analysis ; LS-DYNA ; balau wood ; cross-arm ; transmission tower ; bracing system ; creep ; findley’s power law model ; burger model ; top-seat angle connections (TSACW) ; component-based models ; initial stiffness ; ultimate moment capacity ; moment-rotation relation ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; sensitivity analysis (SA) ; reinforced concrete column ; multi-column pier ; seismic behavior ; lap-splice ; transverse reinforcement ; plastic hinge ; ductility ; bonded-in rod (BiR) connections ; adhesives ; fracture modes ; moisture ; experiments ; linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) ; analytical model ; aeroelastic experiments ; experimental uncertainty ; singular value decomposition ; correlation field ; cathedral ; foundation rehabilitation ; jacked-in piles ; soil injection ; cracks ; masonry ; differential equation of motion ; Legendre–Galerkin matrix (LGM) method ; algebraic polynomials ; single degree of freedom (SDOF) ; multi degree of freedom (MDOF) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 181
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: A disease model displays pathological processes observed in human or animal diseases. The models are fundamental tools in biomedical research, and they are invaluable for providing new insights into mechanisms underlying organ function, establishing the pathophysiology of a disease, and testing potential therapeutic approaches.Models have been long used to study several diseases, including cardiovascular, oncologic, metabolic, infectious, and neurological diseases, among others. Animals or cells displaying pathological processes observed in human or animal diseases have been used as models. Moreover, mathematical models are also of great importance to disease modeling. Animal models offer the unique opportunity to investigate the function of genes and pathways and the in vivo effects of drugs, bridging the gap between basic science and the treatment of diseases. The selection of a suitable model system is a crucial step in research design. For disease modeling to be meaningful, a relevant cellular or genetic phenotype must be observed. Without the use of models, both research and clinical practice worldwide would be vastly different today.This Special Issue aimed to publish original research works or reviews with models of disease, highlighting their importance to search for new therapeutic strategies.
    Keywords: spontaneous models ; induced models ; genetically engineered models ; acute kidney injury ; biomarkers ; coagulation ; ischemia-reperfusion injury ; shock ; newborn lamb ; multiple intestinal loop model ; 3R ; Cryptosporidium parvum ; yeast cell wall fractions ; fatty liver disease ; glucose ; imipramine ; insulin ; obesity ; renal impairment ; retinal injury ; xenograft ; ectopic ; orthotopic ; hIBC ; cIMC ; whole-body ischemia ; cardiopulmonary resuscitation ; drug-induced hypothermia ; spinal motor neuron ; inflammation ; paraplegia ; virucidal drugs ; IBV ; chickens ; Coronaviridae ; silver nanoparticles ; artificial ribonuclease ; monoglyceride lauryl acid ; spinal cord hemisection ; Macaca radiata ; predegenerated nerve transplantation ; locomotor recovery ; Cornu Ammonis 1 ; glutaminergic synapse ; memory function ; oligodendrocyte ; pyramidal cells ; animal model ; trichotillomania ; hair-pulling ; body-focused repetitive disorder ; transitional cell carcinoma ; urothelial carcinoma ; histology ; therapeutic marker ; prognosis ; mandibular growth ; mandibular posterior displacement ; mandibular length ; condylar growth ; rat ; class III malocclusion ; orthodontic treatment ; antebrachial growth deformity ; dog ; osteotomy ; patient-specific instrumentation ; 3-D ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 182
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Electrical machines are one of the most important components of the industrial world. They are at the heart of the new industrial revolution, brought forth by the development of electromobility and renewable energy systems. Electric motors must meet the most stringent requirements of reliability, availability, and high efficiency in order, among other things, to match the useful lifetime of power electronics in complex system applications and compete in the market under ever-increasing pressure to deliver the highest performance criteria. Today, thanks to the application of highly efficient numerical algorithms running on high-performance computers, it is possible to design electric machines and very complex drive systems faster and at a lower cost. At the same time, progress in the field of material science and technology enables the development of increasingly complex motor designs and topologies. The purpose of this Special Issue is to contribute to this development of electric machines. The publication of this collection of scientific articles, dedicated to the topic of electric machine design and application, contributes to the dissemination of the above information among professionals dealing with electrical machines.
    Keywords: electric AWD tractor ; SOC level ; simulation model ; load measurement system ; driving test ; brushless direct current motor with permanent magnet (BLDCM) ; winding configurations ; star ; delta ; star–delta ; fault states ; open circuit (OC) ; FFT ; neutral-point voltage ; electrical machine ; hydro generator ; faulty synchronization ; finite element method ; field-circuit modeling ; permanent magnet machines ; hybrid excitation ; electric vehicles ; wind power generator ; finite element methods ; variable speed machines ; synchronous generator ; permanent magnets ; demagnetization ; motor control ; switched reluctance motor ; MATLAB ; simulation ; wheel hub motor ; electric drive ; permanent magnet synchronous motor ; electrical machines ; thermal modeling ; preformed coils ; insulation systems ; pre-shaped conductor ; system model ; structural dynamics ; multibody simulation ; transient electrical machine model ; permanent magnet synchronous machine ; induction machine ; dynamic gear forces ; planetary gear ; synchronous condenser ; different materials ; magnetic flux leakage in the end ; eddy current loss ; fluid–solid coupling ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; interior PM synchronous motor ; surface PM synchronous motor ; traction applications ; finite element analysis ; flux switching machine ; flux bridge ; magnetic flux leakage ; variable flux machine ; axial flux generator ; spatial harmonic interaction ; harmonic balance method ; turbo-generator ; eddy current losses ; data driven ; support vector regression ; multi-layer perceptron ; vane pump ; electric motor ; integrated motor-pump assembly (IMPA) ; balanced vane pump ; fluid power drives ; brushless DC electric motor ; permanent magnet machine ; measurements ; high-speed motor ; electromagnetic analysis ; mechanical analysis ; thermal analysis ; electromechanical convertor ; drive system component ; electromagnetic calculation ; MR fluids ; MR multi-disc clutch ; clutch design ; electric train ; hybrid excited linear flux switching machine ; rope-less elevator ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 183
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This Special Issue was intended to contribute to the sustainable mobility agenda through enhanced scientific and multi-disciplinary knowledge to investigate concerns and real possibilities in the achievement of a greener mobility and to support the debate between industry and academic researchers, providing an interesting overview on new needs and investigation topics required for future developments.
    Keywords: digging trajectory ; cable shovel ; robotic excavation ; multi-objective genetic algorithm ; electric vehicle ; propulsion cooling system ; modularity ; thermal management ; control optimization ; driving cycle ; energy consumption ; Markov chains ; driving range ; electrification ; green mobility ; compact off-highway vehicles ; battery electric ; urban air mobility ; WTW emissions ; hybrid electric vehicles ; battery aging ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 184
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Salamanders are relevant components of many terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, despite the importance of salamanders in many resource–consumer networks, their functional role remains remarkably understudied. Therefore, this volume, entitled The Ecological Role of Salamanders as Prey and Predators, provides an opportunity for researchers to highlight the new research on the ecological role of salamanders and newts in prey–predator systems, their trophic behavior, and the variability of their trophic niche in space and time. Various innovative methods, such as COI metabarcoding and network analysis, are applied in the present study to test both the classical and new hypotheses concerning the trophic ecology of salamanders and their interactions with their prey. The present volume is composed of one review and seven research papers, all of which are published after undergoing a complete and impartial peer-review process.
    Keywords: artificial cave ; ecotone ; prey-predator system ; salamanders ; Speleomantes ; subterranean habitat ; amphibia ; energy flow ; habitat coupling ; predator–prey interactions ; top–down control ; trophic cascades ; trophic ecology ; Urodela ; cave biology ; prey ; hypogean ; underground ; stygofauna ; Monolistra ; Sphaeromatidae ; Niphargus ; flatworm ; aqueduct ; seepage ; individual diet specialization ; ecological opportunity ; diet ; plethodontid ; community ecology ; Triturus ; Lissotriton ; coexisting species ; trophic niche ; niche width ; niche variation hypothesis ; amphibians ; feeding ecology ; individual specialization ; resource selection ; Hydromantes ; body condition ; biospeleology ; parental species ; size ; capture-mark-recapture ; COI ; DNA metabarcoding ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 185
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: There is increasingly intensive research for energy storage technologies development due to the enhanced energy needs of the contemporary societies. Increased global energy consumption results in the reduction in the availability of traditional energy resources, such as coal, oil and natural gas. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new systems development based on the conversion and storage of sustainable and clean energy. Phase change materials (PCMs) are one of the key components for the development of advanced sustainable solutions in renewable energy and engineering systems. In order to update the field of renewable energy and engineering systems with the use of PCMs, a Special Issue entitled “Phase Change Materials: Design and Applications” is introduced. This book gathers and reviews the collection of ten contributions (nine articles and one review), with authors from Europe, Asia and Americam accepted for publication in the aforementioned Special Issue of Applied Sciences.
    Keywords: phase change materials ; thermal energy storage ; energy efficiency ; building applications ; construction materials ; phase-change material ; dispersion ; thermal-mechanical stability ; viscosity ; supercooling ; nucleating agent ; cold storage ; battery cooling ; LPMO ; Fourier Transform ac Voltammetry (FTacV) ; cyclic voltammetry ; Direct Electron Transfer (DET) ; lathrate hydrate ; tetrabutylammonium acrylate (TBAAc) ; crystal growth ; ultrasonic vibration ; polyurethane elastomers ; microencapsulated PCMs ; thermal properties ; mechanical properties ; phase change material ; sugar alcohol ; erythritol ; latent heat storage ; thermal stability ; degradation kinetics ; PCM ; mini-channels ; air ; melting ; solidification ; latent heat thermal energy storage ; phase change materials (PCM) ; macro-encapsulation ; rectangular slab ; experimental study ; sodium nitrate ; thermal conductivity ; microencapsulation ; latent heat ; multicriteria decision ; finite element ; automotive ; energy storage ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 186
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Analytical chemistry is bound to face growing challenges in the future, especially for the quantification of trace analytes in complex matrices. Although the development of increasingly sensitive and specific instrumental techniques has achieved remarkable results, sample preparation is still a fundamental step, often limiting the whole workflow. In the context spawned by the recent international environmental policies that are responsive to the rapport of human activities with the surrounding environment, chemistry cannot hesitate to give its contribution. Almost pioneeringly, in analytical chemistry, we have been talking for some time about “green analytical chemistry”, its guiding principles, and the development of eco-friendly analytical approaches. However, the new and still open challenge is advance not only in eco-compatibility but mainly in eco-sustainability, rooting the future of analytical chemistry in new perspective aimed at minimizing the environmental impact of the analytical process by placing environmental cost as a priority aim on par with analytical performance. This is the reprint of a Special Issue that includes contributions focused on the progress in analytical chemistry based on the arguments previously raised and discussed, with a particular reference to eco-compatibility and eco-sustainability. The contributions include the development of low environmental impact methods and/or techniques or their applications.
    Keywords: dyes ; fatty acids ; microextraction ; magnetic ionic liquid ; sample preparation ; dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction ; single drop microextraction ; GC ; HPLC ; ionic liquids ; denitrogenation ; extraction ; pyridine ; quinoline ; aniline ; simulated oil ; adsorption ; gum Arabic ; magnetite ; nano-composite ; lead(II) ; mercury removal ; magnetic ; manganese ; cobalt ; iron ; spinel ; crosslinker ; phenolic acids ; vinylimidazole ; anion exchanger ; co-polymer ; solid-phase extraction ; sustainable analytical sample preparation ; indoor air quality ; fragrances ; indoor pollution ; endocrine disruptors ; analytical method ; GC-MS ; musks fragrances ; emerging contaminants ; α-isomethylionone ; halloysite nanotubes ; organosilyl-sulfonated halloysite nanotubes ; solid phase extraction ; pyrrolizidine alkaloids ; honey ; chlorzoxazone ; greener HPTLC ; paracetamol ; simultaneous detection ; validation ; AGREE ; traditional HPTLC ; vitamin D3 ; pulsed electric field ; bioactive compounds ; optimization ; mushrooms ; Agaricus bisporus ; phenyboronic-acid-functionalized ; Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles ; ortho-dihydroxy-containing compounds ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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  • 187
    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: Recent research of epidural and transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation has demonstrated unprecedented improvements in motor function thought to be irreversibly lost due to chronic, severe spinal cord injury. Studies in parallel assess these methods for spasticity management as an alternative to medications that are often accompanied by deleterious side effects. As a noninvasive intervention, transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation holds the great potential to find its way into wide clinical application. Its firm establishment and lasting acceptance as clinical practice in spinal cord injury will not only hinge on the demonstration of safety and efficacy, but also on the delineation of a conceptual framework of the underlying physiological mechanisms. This will also require advancing our understanding of immediate and temporary effects of transcutaneous spinal cord on neuronal circuits in the intact and injured spinal cord. The purpose of this collection of papers is to bring together peers in the field to share—and eventually fuse—their pertinent research into current neurorehabilitation practice by providing a clinical perspective and novel insights into the underlying mechanisms.
    Keywords: human ; neuromodulation ; neurorehabilitation ; non-invasive ; spinal cord injury ; transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation ; evoked potentials motor ; motor activity ; spinal cord stimulation ; spinal reflexes ; voluntary ankle control ; walking ; hand training ; combined intervention ; cervical spinal cord ; activity-based therapy ; gait ; locomotion ; paraplegia ; task-specific training ; tetraplegia ; use-dependent plasticity ; antispasmodic ; electrical stimulation ; pendulum test ; intensity effect ; muscle strength effect ; cervical ; corticospinal pathway ; spinal reflex ; electrically evoked spinal motor potentials ; cervical spinal cord injury ; motor evoked potentials ; automation ; electromyography ; noninvasive ; Parkinson’s disease ; posterior root-muscle reflexes ; spasticity ; transcutaneous ; biophysics ; H reflex ; M wave ; posterior root-muscle reflex ; posterior root stimulation ; spine alignment ; spinal cord ; spine ; spinal stimulation ; corticospinal tract ; functional connectivity ; movement ; sensorimotor networks ; task dependence ; interlimb coordination ; rehabilitation ; neurophysiology ; Hoffmann (H)-reflex ; motor-evoked potential ; electroencephalography ; event-related desynchronisation ; posterior root muscle reflex ; evoked potentials ; lumbar spinal cord ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJN Neurology & clinical neurophysiology
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  • 188
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The concept of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) encompasses novel kinds of medicines for human use that are based on genes, cells or tissues. These intend to offer not only regeneration, but complete functional recovery of diseased tissues and organs using different strategies. Gene therapy, cell therapy and tissue engineering are the main areas in which promising advanced therapies are emerging. The eye is a very complex organ whose main structures, the cornea and the retina, play a pivotal role in maintaining normal vision, as severe alterations in these tissues can lead to blindness. Ocular tissues are starting to benefit from ATMPs by fighting against the enormous complexity and devastating potential of many ocular diseases. However, developments arising from this field of work face important challenges related to vectors to deliver drugs and genetic material to target tissues, suitable biomaterials to prepare cell scaffolds and cell stemness, among others—not to mention the complicated legislation around ATMPs, the complexity in production and quality control and the absence of standardized protocols.The purpose of this Special Issue is to serve as an overview of the current progress in the application of cell and gene therapies, as well as tissue engineering to restore functionality in diseased ocular structures, and the challenges linked to reaching patients.
    Keywords: MPC polymer ; dry eye ; ocular surface ; lacrimal fluid ; mucin ; 3D bioprinting ; cornea ; retina ; ophthalmology ; tissue regeneration ; electrospinning ; conjunctiva ; decellularized tissue matrix ; small intestinal submucosa ; urinary bladder matrix ; polycaprolactone ; fiber ; tissue engineering ; stratification ; conjunctival epithelial cells ; hydrogel ; keratoplasty ; scaffold ; collagen ; advanced therapy medicinal product ; ATMP ; cell therapy ; gene therapy ; eye ; ocular ; regulatory ; marketing authorization ; double-crosslinking ; carbodiimide ; glutaraldehyde ; sodium metabisulfite ; sodium borohydride ; EDC/NHS ; stem cells ; retinal diseases ; optic nerve diseases ; cell replacement ; cell sources ; advanced therapies ; ocular mucosa ; blindness ; CLET ; limbal niche ; limbal stem cell ; LSCD ; mesenchymal stem cell transplantation ; MSCT ; corneal limbus ; decellularized xenograft ; recellularization ; mesenchymal stem cells ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 189
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Dear Colleagues, When Hayflick and Moorhead coined the term “cellular senescence” (CS) almost 60 years ago, this phenomenon was understood as a mechanism, usually induced by activation of the DNA-repair machinery, to prevent uncontrolled proliferation. Meanwhile, additional beneficial roles for CS have been identified, such as embryonic development and wound healing. The senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) activated in most senescent cells (SC) signals to the immune system “come here and remove me”. In organisms with young and functional immune systems, occurring SC are usually detected and removed. If SC remain in the tissue expressing the SASP, this will cause not just a damaging local inflammation but can also induce remodeling and regeneration of the surrounding tissue as well as spreading of senescence. Old organisms show reduced regenerative potential and immune function which leads to accumulation of SC. Accordingly, accumulation of SC was observed in tissues of aged individuals, but importantly also in the context of age-related disorders, neurodegenerative, or cardiovascular diseases and others. Because of its detrimental effect of the surrounding tissue, accumulation of SC is not just a consequence, but can rather been understood as a major driver of aging. In line with this, recent studies described that removal of SC showed beneficial effects on healthspan and lifespan. This exciting research led to the discovery of “senolytics”, drugs which can kill SC. Given the heterogeneity of cell types that show senescence-like phenotypes, including heart muscle and post-mitotic neuronal cells, further research is required to unravel the molecular background that renders a cell type vulnerable to senesce. Additionally, it will be important to understand how senescence is cell type-specifically induced and which molecules serve as drug targets to prevent senescence and its spreading, or actively kill SC. This special issue will shed light on the molecular pathways of CS and inflammaging and on possible strategies to interfere with these processes. Dr. Markus Riessland Guest Editor
    Keywords: γH2AX ; Alzheimer’s disease ; DNA damage ; mild cognitive impairment ; senescence ; secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine ; regeneration ; homeostasis ; cellular senescence ; biology of aging ; neurodegeneration ; brain ; geroscience ; senolytics ; tauopathy ; cancer ; stress response ; post-mitotic ; neuronal senescence ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) ; cell-cycle ; melanoma ; pancreatic adenocarcinoma ; tumor infiltration ; chemotherapy resistance ; prostate ; inflammation ; AIM2 inflammasome ; POP3 ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 190
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Land degradation, exacerbated by climate change and rapid urbanization, poses significant threats to socio-economic development. There is an urgent need to explore land degradation and its associated ecosystem responses and the suitable pathways for sustainable development in urban and rural regions. This reprint comprises a collection of 16 articles, featuring 1 review article and 15 research articles. There are some key practical experiences and scientific findings to support the ecosystem change response to land degradation, through either theoretical works or empirical research, identifying the characteristics and solutions for sustainable development. Key scientific issues addressed include land use and land cover change, ecological impacts of urbanization, mechanisms of land degradation on ecosystems, and coordinated social, economic, and ecological development. This reprint encouraged scholars to share the latest advancements in the research framework, datasets, methods, and case studies for assessing land degradation and associated ecosystem responses. We expect this reprint will inspire broader reflection and discussion within academic community regarding the theories and practices concerning land degradation and associated ecosystem responses. It could be a valuable reference for exploring potential solutions towards achieving land degradation neutrality and promoting regional sustainable development.
    Keywords: ecological compensation ; ecosystem services ; opportunity cost ; ecological compensation priority ; land degradation ; dust emission ; wind erosion ; dust models ; dust cycle ; carbon cycle ; livestock carrying capacity risk ; planting and breeding balance ; northeast China ; farmland circulation ; differential circulation features ; driving mechanism ; plot level ; plains and mountainous areas ; Zhangye City ; ecological carrying capacity ; supply and demand ; priority areas ; agricultural ecological efficiency ; spatial-temporal evolution ; SBM model ; spatial Markov chain ; spatiotemporal changes ; driving factors ; agro-pastoral transitional zone ; management ; Bashang Plateau ; Populus simonii forest ; optimal plant cover ; leaf-area index ; Biome-BGC model ; urban resilience ; land use/cover change ; urbanization ; carbon neutrality ; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration ; surface thermal environment ; standard deviation ellipse ; Shijiazhuang ; wildfires ; natural protected areas ; decision support system ; scenario-based analysis ; soil salinity ; sodicity ; GIS ; RS ; leaching and gypsum requirement ; carbon and nitrogen pools ; soil quality ; carbon and nitrogen management index ; land use ; arid environment ; eco-compensation ; ecosystem service value ; PAHs pollution ; risk assessment ; industrial legacy sites ; vertical distribution ; land reuse ; drylands ; sediment connectivity ; degradation ; land use and land cover change (LULCC) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 191
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: This book examines applied studies contributing to the issues of financial markets and sustainable economy in conditions of COVID-19 pandemic. All studies in this book applied complex models with quantitative data in the areas of finance, macro and sustainable economy, as well as business and management, to express the main issues of the financial–economic universe during the pandemic crisis. Some of the studies offer possible solutions in the sustainable post-COVID era. This book is also of particular interest in relation to the green economy during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Keywords: corona-crash ; news attention ; investor expectation ; COVID-19 ; pandemic ; companies ; dismissal ; temporary leave ; cash flow ; low demand ; Romania ; furlough ; challenges ; green recovery ; systems thinking ; system dynamics ; economic crisis ; sustainability transition ; green economy ; economic shock ; sustainable development ; greenhouse gas emissions ; funding liquidity ; volatility ; asymmetric relationship ; quantile regression ; cryptocurrency ; safe haven ; tether ; n/a ; financial crisis ; franchise industries ; survival ability ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
    Language: English
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  • 192
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint includes impactful chapters related to document-image related visual sensing, which do present and comprehensively discuss selected scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and ideas on sensing technologies and machine-learning techniques. Indeed, document imaging/scanning approaches are essential techniques for digitalizing documents in various real-world contexts. This reprint emerging from the Special Issue "Document-Image Related Visual Sensors and Machine Learning Techniques” can be viewed as a result of the crucial need for document management systems. Such technologies are being applied in various fields or different domains and parts of the world to address relevant challenges that could not be addressed without the advances made in these technologies. The reprint includes impactful chapters that present scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and innovative ideas on sensing technologies and machine-learning techniques to overcome a series of key challenges related to document imaging/scanning, text detection, text recognition, and documents clustering.
    Keywords: feature learning ; incomplete multimedia data ; fuzzy c-means ; variational autoencoder ; multispectral imaging ; document scanning ; portable sensor ; depth image filtering ; point clouds filtering ; Kinect v2 ; depth resolution ; close range ; hand pose ; image binarization ; optical character recognition ; document images ; local thresholding ; image pre-processing ; natural images ; scene text recognition ; visual sensor ; text position correction ; encoder-decoder network ; chart recognition ; deep learning ; visualization ; classification ; detection ; perspective correction ; house architecture type classification ; house type classification ; convolutional neural networks ; document classification ; feature selection ; data augmentation ; imbalanced dataset ; scene text detection ; multiple scales ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 193
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book examines the state of the art of biosorption as an economical and environmentally friendly technique for pollutant removal in wastewater. Several articles are included that develop the applications of biosorption showing the high efficiency and versatility of this process, as well as showing recent advances in this field. Different modalities of biosorption are demonstrated from free biomass to immobilized biomass, as well as the combination of biomass with modern materials to form composites, emphasizing the significant versatility of this technique. In addition, different examples with biomasses of very different natures are also included and discussed, as are the factors that influence biosorption processes. Other contributions offer some examples of apparently useless materials that are reused and applied in the elimination of pollutants. Therefore, this book is an excellent complement for those researchers who work on biosorption as well as a starting point for those who want to begin research on this topic.
    Keywords: landfill ; leachate treatment ; POME ; removal efficiency ; mixing ratio ; biosorbent ; Ni2+ ; background electrolytes ; kinetic modeling ; biosorption ; biomass ; bioaccumulation ; biocomposite ; pollutants ; metals ; emerging organic contaminants ; dyes ; Spirulina ; alginate ; immobilization ; fixed-bed column ; Mxene–CS composite ; Cr(VI) contaminated aqueous solution ; Green Synthesis ; treatment of wastewater ; heavy metals ; citrus waste biomass ; bio-sorbent ; pre-treatment ; activated carbon ; batch adsorption ; fixed-bed adsorption column ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint aims to collect state-of-the-art research contributions that address challenges in the emerging 5G networks design, dimensioning and optimization. Designing, dimensioning and optimization of communication networks resources and services have been an inseparable part of telecom network development. The latter must convey a large volume of traffic, providing service to traffic streams with highly differentiated requirements in terms of bit-rate and service time, required quality of service and quality of experience parameters. Such a communication infrastructure presents many important challenges, such as the study of necessary multi-layer cooperation, new protocols, performance evaluation of different network parts, low layer network design, network management and security issues, and new technologies in general, which will be discussed in this book.
    Keywords: bit error rate (BER) ; space-time coding (STC) ; Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) ; massive MIMO ; orthogonal transform division multiplexing (OTDM) ; Toeplitz matrix ; 5G networks ; BBU centralization ; cloud radio access networks ; eCPRI ; fronthaul ; filter bank multicarrier ; isotropic orthogonal transfer algorithm ; intrinsic interference ; Co-time Co-frequency Full Duplex (CCFD) ; self-interference (SI) signal cancellation ; RF domain ; optimize Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm ; interference cancellation ratio (ICR) ; 5G core network slice ; network slicing ; resource attributes ; slice provisioning ; topology attributes ; beamforming ; interference management ; throughput ; fairness index, small cell networks ; OFDM ; congestion ; random ; quasi-random ; recursive ; restricted ; reservation ; complete sharing ; D2D communication ; 5G IoT network ; lightweight cryptography ; authentication ; midhaul ; radio-over-fiber ; optical gNB-DU ; RRH ; A-RoF ; D-RoF ; BBU ; all-optical network ; handover ; HetNets ; mobility management ; self-optimization ; spectrum handoff ; spectrum sensing ; cognitive radio networks ; cognitive radio user ; primary and secondary user ; 5G mobile communication network ; multi-access edge computing ; centralized cloud computing ; hybrid cloud computing ; Palm-Jacobaeus loss formula ; blocking probability ; multi-service traffic ; separated resources ; performance evaluation ; cellular systems ; channel emulator ; non-stationary MIMO channel ; discrete channel model ; field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platform ; Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) ; Microwave Radio Transmission (MRT) ; Free Space Optics (FSO) ; Fiber Optics (FO) ; multi-agent systems ; laplacian eigenvalues ; augmented Lagrange based Alternating Direction Inexact Newton (ALADIN) method ; consensus algorithms ; Alternating Direction of Multipliers Method (ADMM) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 195
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: This book focuses on the up-to-date studies on the sustainability with changing climate and extremes. The main contributors discussed the changing climate and extreme events, as well as their impacts on natural and human dimension sustainability, including the incorporated social–ecologic and socioeconomic processes. Special attention is given to four main sections: natural disasters in agriculture; urban/rural ecosystem, tourism, and ecosystem service; extreme climate indices, and newly created dataset for climate change.
    Keywords: trade conflict ; carbon emissions ; import and export trade ; cooperative emission reduction ; meteorological hazards ; risk assessment ; spatial pattern ; population exposure ; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ; climate change ; slope geohazards ; new geohazard clusters ; extreme cooling events ; Arctic Oscillation ; winter in China ; atmospheric circulation ; GPP ; CMIP6 ; ESM ; STA ; China ; warm days ; cold days ; warm nights ; cold nights ; hot days ; frost days ; compound drought and heatwave events ; complex network ; event synchronization ; atmospheric circulation patterns ; urban agglomeration ; drought ; heat wave ; flood ; GM (1, 1) ; Arctic ; universal thermal climate index (UTCI) ; spatial-temporal changes ; 1979–2019 ; ecosystem services trade-offs ; land-use change ; soil conservation ; carbon storage ; water yield ; precipitation gradient ; Loess Plateau ; climate hazards ; geospatial analysis ; urban adaptation ; risk management ; snow disaster ; risk zoning ; Heilongjiang Province ; precipitation ; model resolutions ; cold region of China ; spatiotemporal distribution ; spatiotemporal variation ; 1961–2019 ; high-resolution and high-quality precipitation data ; independent and non-independent test ; the 0.01° multi-source fusion precipitation product ; extreme precipitation event ; forest types ; NDVI ; AVHRR GIMMS ; temperature range ; precipitation range ; snow cover ; black carbon concentration ; radiative forcing ; northeast China ; high temperature ; mobile phone data ; impact factor ; Zhuhai City ; WRF model ; projection ; short-lived heatwave event ; long-lived heatwave event ; Yangtze River Basin ; central and western Pacific ; thermocline ; yellowfin tuna ; CPUE ; El Niño ; La Niña ; GAM model ; spring soil moisture ; impact mechanism ; Songnen Plain ; Sanjiang Plain ; maize ; diurnal temperature range ; fresh air index ; natural microclimate comfort index ; fresh air–natural microclimate comfort index ; scenic spots ; Fujian province ; extreme climate indices ; temporal and spatial dynamics ; linear trend ; climate abrupt change ; central China ; peanut drought ; Shandong Province ; natural disaster risk assessment principles ; dry-hot wind disaster ; Shandong province ; natural disaster risk assessment principle ; summer maize ; inter- and mixed cropping ; flowering period ; yield ; potato climatic productivity potential ; Inner Mongolia ; effect ; human mobility ; rainfall ; taxi GPS data ; community ; Zhuhai central areas ; citrus ; quality ; future projection ; state-owned forest farms ; human resource allocation ; industrial structure ; coordination and adaptation ; personal structure ; contiguous poverty-stricken areas ; rainstorms and droughts ; direct economic losses ; disaster-affected population ; drought and flood ; vulnerability ; risk prediction ; agroecosystem ; heatwaves ; population exposure change ; global warming ; 1.5 °C warming scenario ; 2.0 °C warming scenario ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The extraction of apatite minerals is becoming more and more crucial with the depletion of high-grade ores. At the same time, many streams of waste are continuously being produced by the phosphate industry, including calcareous and siliceous waste rocks, clayey sludge and phosphogypsum. These waste products are produced in huge volumes reaching a ratio of between 5 to 10 tons of waste per each ton of concentrated phosphate. The management of these waste products is becoming a real issue in terms of growing public awareness and environmental and financial aspects. In addition, phosphate ores are known to contain other critical raw materials (CRM) such as rare earth elements and uranium. The recovery of these vital elements from phosphate waste may help to develop the needs of the green energy of the future and contribute to the achievement of the sustainable development goals. In this Special Issue, insights related to the following aspects were studied: phosphate extraction and beneficiation, novel phosphate ores, the fine characterization of phosphate ores and waste, phosphoric acid production, critical raw material (CRM) recovery from phosphate ores and waste, reprocessing of phosphate wastes and finally the valorization and reuse of phosphate waste and phosphogypsum.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TN1-997 ; n/a ; valorization ; ceramic membrane ; general industrial solid waste ; cemented paste backfill ; cemented phosphogypsum backfill ; unconfined compressive strength ; mineralogy ; froth flotation ; silicate-carbonate gangue ; geochemical characteristic ; activity concentration ; building materials ; valuable elements ; upgrading ; radiological influence ; durability ; phosphogypsum ; phosphate ore processing ; low-grade phosphate ; industrial waste ; phosphogypsum (PG) ; filtration ; civil engineering ; comprehensive utilization ; phosphorite ; flotation ; REE recovery ; phosphate mine waste rocks ; Gafsa-Metlaoui Basin ; acid extraction ; rare earth elements ; drying-wetting cycles ; column flotation ; slimes ; collector ; phosphate mine tailings ; apatite ; purification ; REE-bearing phases ; weathered ore ; water washing ; depressant ; environment behavior ; experimental design ; interfering ions ; technological mineralogy ; red mud ; rare earth elements (REEs) ; waste management ; phosphate ore ; waste recycle ; natural radioactivity ; natural aggregates ; phosphate ; beneficiation ; beneficiation tailings ; road techniques wet process ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This Special Issue explores empirical studies of emotional mechanisms, qualitative and quantitative measurements of emotion, the recognition of emotional contexts, and the application of emotion. We introduce fourteen papers, ranging from lab-based studies aimed at understanding emotional mechanisms to applying emotion recognition in the real world (e.g., in driving, games, education, and virtual avatars). This Special Issue explores empirical studies of emotional mechanisms, qualitative and quantitative measurements of emotion, the recognition of emotional contexts, and the application of emotion. We introduce fourteen papers, ranging from lab-based studies aimed at understanding emotional mechanisms to applying emotion recognition in the real world (e.g., in driving, games, education, and virtual avatars).
    Keywords: speech emotion recognition ; domain adaptation ; SER generalization ; Korean Emotional Speech Database ; ensemble model ; multi-path ; group-loss ; BLSTM network ; facial micromovement ; emotion recognition ; emotion authenticity ; HRV parameter ; game addiction ; League of Legends ; stress response ; sensitivity ; specificity ; logistic regression ; facial action unit ; facial aging ; facial expression ; posed emotion ; virtual avatar ; virtual human ; virtual character ; embodied conversational agent ; social interaction ; empathy ; CNN ; cognitive workload ; functional connectivity analysis ; LSTM ; mental workload ; mutual information ; phase locking value ; phase transfer entropy ; deep learning ; facial expression recognition (FER) ; 3D convolutional neural network (3D CNN) ; multirate signal processing ; minimum overlapped frame structure ; self-attention ; multi-depth network ; video content empathy ; micro-movement synchronization ; non-contact empathy measurement ; empathic advertisement ; multimodal affective computing ; catecholamines ; emotion classification ; wearable devices ; deep neural networks ; multispectral imaging ; face recognition ; in the wild ; driver emotion recognition ; multimodal ; self-report ; real-world driving ; EEG ; learning emotions ; attention ; convolutional neural network ; multi-channel band features ; eye movement ; brain connectivity ; review ; human emotions ; affective and physiological states ; Plutchik’s wheel of emotions ; sensors ; methods and applications ; statistical and multiple criteria analysis ; country success and publications maps of the world ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 198
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Civil engineering structures may vibrate due to different sources of excitations such as earthquakes, wind, traffic, humans, etc. The resulting vibrations may not be acceptable from the perspective of vibration comfort or can even impair the structure's safety. Depending on the excitation mechanism, anti-vibration measures range from increasing the structural damping using local dampers, decoupling the structure from the disturbance using vibration isolators and compensating for the excitation forces using vibration compensators. The Special Issue "Efficient Damping and Isolation Systems for Civil Structures" presents some of the recent advances in the associated fields of research and development.
    Keywords: isolation ; high damping rubber bearing ; low shape factor ; performance test ; experiment ; three-dimensional (3D) seismic isolation ; vertical seismic isolation device ; disc spring ; helical coil spring ; steel damper ; laminated rubber bearing ; seismic energy dissipation ; nuclear power plant equipment ; seismic isolation frequency ; hysteretic behavior ; cable ; control ; damping ; semi-active ; negative stiffness ; vibration ; liquid storage tank ; MetaFoundation ; time domain analysis ; earthquake ; passive control ; stop band ; suspended ceiling systems ; passively controlled structure ; pulley tackle mechanism ; shake table test ; simulation analysis ; tower-like structures ; tuned liquid gas damper ; elastic membrane ; gas spring ; gas volume ; SA-TLGD ; TLCGD ; TLCD ; TMD ; inerter ; optimization ; TMDI ; vibration mitigation ; tuned sloshing damper ; TSD ; tuned mass damper ; numerical simulation ; coupled simulation ; computational wind engineering ; CWE ; hysteresis ; internal resonances ; nonlinear modal interaction ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 199
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This Special Issue gathers papers reporting research on various aspects of remote sensing of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) and the use of satellite SSS in oceanography. It includes contributions presenting improvements in empirical or theoretical radiative transfer models; mitigation techniques of external interference such as RFI and land contamination; comparisons and validation of remote sensing products with in situ observations; retrieval techniques for improved coastal SSS monitoring, high latitude SSS and the assessment of ocean interactions with the cryosphere; and data fusion techniques combining SSS with sea surface temperature (SST). New instrument technology for the future of SSS remote sensing is also presented.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; n/a ; satellite salinity ; one-dimensional (1D) aperture synthesis radiometer ; smos ; Gulf of Maine ; retrieval errors ; Aquarius ; combined active/passive SSS retrieval algorithm ; ocean surface roughness ; upwelling ; salt transport ; quality assessment ; sea ice ; SMOS ; microwave radiometry ; Arctic Gateways ; Aquarius satellite ; validation ; sea surface temperature ; water transport ; forward model ; river discharge ; sea surface salinity ; remote sensing ; retrieval algorithm ; Water Cycle Observation Mission (WCOM) ; SMAP ; microwave remote sensing ; alboran sea ; surface velocity ; Arctic Ocean ; sea surface salinity (SSS) ; coastal ; brightness temperature (TB) ; interferometric microwave imager (IMI) ; Scotian Shelf ; MICAP ; different instrument configurations ; bias characteristics ; mediterranean sea ; Gulf of Mexico ; calibration ; retroflections ; Arctic ocean ; salinity ; Sea Surface Salinity ; Arctic rivers ; Argo ; data processing ; aquarius ; ocean salinity ; Aquarius Validation Data System (AVDS) ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 200
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This reprint includes contributions from leaders in the field of personalized medicine in ophthalmology. The contributions are diverse and cover pre-clinical and clinical topics. We hope you enjoy reading the articles.
    Keywords: subthreshold micropulse laser ; 577-nm laser ; laser fixed parameters ; diabetic retinopathy ; diabetic macular edema ; optical coherence tomography ; autofluorescence ; real-life ; diabetic macular oedema ; visual prognosis ; indicators ; personalized medicine ; age-related macular degeneration ; choroidal neovascularization ; classification ; machine learning ; type 2 diabetes ; retinopathy ; ethnicity ; general practice ; risk factors ; progression ; glycemic gap ; glucose variability ; ETDRS classification ; biomarkers ; phenotypes ; anti-vascular endothelial growth factor ; diabetic retinopathy severity scale ; panretinal leakage index ; neovascular age-related macular degeneration ; anti-VEGF therapy ; retinal thickness ; visual acuity ; variability ; leakage index ; microaneurysms ; intravitreal aflibercept ; neovascularization ; ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography ; retinal imaging ; quantitative biomarkers ; precision medicine ; autoantibodies ; AT1-receptor ; PAR1 ; VEGF-A ; VEGF-B ; VEGF-receptor 2 ; AMD ; complement system ; semi-quantitative multiplex profilin ; mass spectrometry ; C4 ; vitronectin ; factor I ; genetic variants ; metabolites ; HDL ; central area thickness ; biomarker ; microRNA ; anti-VEGF ; retina ; edema ; OCT ; tomography ; microphysiological systems ; blood-neural barriers ; neurovascular unit ; disease modeling ; 3D models ; organ-on-a-chip ; inner blood-retinal barrier ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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