ALBERT

Description: In June 1937 the State Museum of Geology and Mineralogy at Leiden received from Mr. A.S. Dresden at Amsterdam a diamond crystal of a hitherto unknown shape.\nThe crystal is colourless and transparent. Mr. J. Bolman determined its weight at 0.1698 g and its specific gravity at 3.4165.

Description: 1) Examining the Semper-collection of mollusca from the Philippines kept in the Leyden Geological Museum, I met with some generic undetermined specimens of a representative of the genus Atopodonta (from Tertiary strata only rarely recorded), all belonging to one and the same species, which appeared never to have been described before. This genus 1) is known from the Eocene of the Paris basin represented by two species, viz. the typespecies Atopodonta conformis (Deshayes), 1860 [Deshayes,. Anim. s. vert., I, p. 419, plate 28, fig. 14\xe2\x80\x9416 (\xe2\x80\x9cVenus\xe2\x80\x9d); Cossmann, Catal. ill., I, 1886, p. (98\xe2\x80\x94 100) 99, plate 6, fig. 3\xe2\x80\x946 (excl. plate 8, fig. 3\xe2\x80\x944)] and A. tapina Cossmann, 1886 (l.c., p. 100, plate 6, fig. 7\xe2\x80\x949). These are the only European species.\nIn 1941 I was in a position to describe the first Neogene representative that is known, strange enough this time from the Younger Miocene of Eastern Borneo; and only some time ago I recognized a second species in a collection of mollusca from the Older Miocene Rembang-beds of Java. To these scarce data the shells of the Semper-collection form a welcome addition.

Description: Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt ein ausf\xc3\xbchrliches Resum\xc3\xa9 einer Arbeit in holl\xc3\xa4ndischer Sprache dar: \xe2\x80\x9eDe geologie van het westelijk deel van het Heuvelland van Monferrato tusschen Turijn en Murisengo\xe2\x80\x9d, Dissert. Leiden, Augustus 1941 2).\nDas bearbeitete Gebiet ist bisher, namentlich in tektonischer Hinsicht, nur oberfl\xc3\xa4chlich untersucht worden. St\xc3\xb6rungen wurden nie erw\xc3\xa4hnt, Profile waren nur sp\xc3\xa4rlich vorhanden. Da sich die Stratigraphie als ausserordentlich interessant erwies, sobald die feineren Merkmale in einer Karte eingetragen wurden, wie es hier geschah 3), konnte zum ersten Mal ein Schema der sediment\xc3\xa4ren Genese f\xc3\xbcr einen erheblichen Teil der Berge von Monferrato aufgestellt werden.

Description: As early as 1863 Sorby proved that pitted pebbles are the result of solution at the points of mutual contact in a conglomerate. As cause he suggested solution under pressure in saturated, stagnant groundwater by what has afterwards been designated Riecke\xe2\x80\x99s principle. By the examination of polished cuts through a pitted conglomerate I found confirmation of this hypothesis. The alternate explanation by Daubr\xc3\xa9e, Kumm and others of solution in water held by capillarity at the points of contact could not cause the observed shapes of the pits. The experiments they used to disprove Sorby\xe2\x80\x99s view are fundamentally incorrect. They attempted to form pits by a solvent liquid, instead of using pressure and saturated water.\nGroningen, November 1942.

Description: Crystals of the notched or grooved type are known from some minerals which crystallise in the cubic system.\nFrom diamond grooved octahedrons are known, whose grooves remind us of octahedral faces, or the faces of triakis octahedra or hexakis ostahedra. From ha\xc3\xbcynite too grooved octahedrons are pictured, whose grooves are bordered by octahedral faces. Grooved analcite is known in icositetrahedrons, the grooves are bordered by faces of the same icositetrahedron.

Description: Die zahlreiche Bildung von Rassen innerhalb der Gattung Parnassius beruht darauf, dass die Flugpl\xc3\xa4tze dieses Schmetterlings vereinzelt liegen und stets eng begrenzt sind; sie erstrecken sich bei einigen species wie P. mnemosyne L. und P. phoebus F. meist auf einen Umkreis von nur wenigen hundert Metern. Da die Parnassier haupts\xc3\xa4chlich im Gebirge fliegen, wo ihre Futterpflanzen, die Sedumarten, bevorzugt anzutreffen sind, ist es ohne weiteres verst\xc3\xa4ndlich, dass die \xc3\xb6kologischen Bedingungen selbst f\xc3\xbcr nahe aneinander liegende Flugpl\xc3\xa4tze recht verschieden sein k\xc3\xb6nnen. (Der eine Flugplatz liegt beispielsweise in einem feuchten OstWest-Tal, der n\xc3\xa4chstgelegene in einem trockenen S\xc3\xbcd-Nord-Tal). Daraus erkl\xc3\xa4ren sich die vielen subspecies, \xc3\xbcber deren Aufstellung von Entomologen, die zu wenig von der Gattung Parnassius wissen, mit Unrecht gespottet wird. Die Parnassier sind aber auch interessant durch ihre individuellen Erscheinungsformen. Diese sind bedingt durch die besonders im Hochgebirge h\xc3\xa4ufig wechselnden klimatischen Bedingungen, den raschen Wechsel von heisser Sonnenstrahlung mit K\xc3\xa4ltetemperaturen und intensiver Trockenheit mit starker Feuchtigkeit. So findet man an demselben Flugplatz innerhalb eines Jahres ganz verschieden aussehende Tiere, grosse Exemplare mit dicht weisser Beschuppung und guter Entwicklung der roten Prachtfarbe, neben kleinen Individuen, mit melanistischem Einschlag und kleinen Ozellen; lediglich eine Folge der Beeinflussung des \xe2\x80\x9ekritischen" Puppenstadiums, die ersten 48 Stunden der Puppenruhe, durch die jeweils verschiedenen Bedingungen. Dieses verschiedene Aussehen und die lange Flugzeit, die beispielsweise f\xc3\xbcr P. apollo L. von Mitte Mai bis Anfang November gemeldet ist, haben den Eindruck aufkommen lassen, als

Description: Under the above title I intend to publish a number of short notes on Cerambycidae, including synonymies, descriptions of new species, etc. For the greater part the material on which these notes are based is from the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden. In other cases the collections are always indicated. Each set of notes published together will be arranged according to Aurivillius in Coleopterorum Catalogus (JunkSchenkling), parts 52, 39, 73 and 74.\nI.\nADDITIONAL NOTE ON RHAPHIPODUS DRESCHERI\nDE JONG (PRIONINAE, PRIONINI) Rhaphipodus drescheri De Jong (fig. 1a and b) Rhaphipodus drescheri De Jong, 1936, Zool. Med., vol. 19, p. 77.\nWhen studying some Cerambycidae in the collections of the Amsterdam Zoological Museum I found three specimens, 2 \xe2\x99\x80\xe2\x99\x80 and 1 \xe2\x99\x82, of the herementioned species from the same locality, Noesa Kembangan, and apparently belonging to the original series of specimens, all collected by Mr. F.\nC. Drescher. I would not have mentioned this find had not the measurements been varying from those given in the original description. Especially the male is larger than those I saw before. The data are as follows: These measurements agree in their proportions with those given before.\nIn the \xe2\x99\x80\xe2\x99\x80 the antennae reach the middle of the length of the elytra, in the \xe2\x99\x82 they are longer and reach the base of the apical third.\nSome details which were not given in the original description may be added here.\nThe prosternum (fig. 1) is finely and evenly punctulated on its whole surface except on a narrow strip along the anterior and internal margins

Description: During a visit to southern Limburg in the summer of 1942 several living specimens of Helicigona lapicida (L.) were discovered near Kamerig. In this locality the species was found in such large numbers that it seems almost astonishing that its occurrence in such abundance there had hitherto escaped attention. So far the occurrence of undoubtedly living specimens of this characteristic snail in the Netherlands has only been reported by Vervoort (1941), who recorded specimens from a couple of localities also situated in southern Limburg, where, however, the species had only been found in small numbers.\nHenrard and Koumans (1936) had previously drawn the attention to the occurrence of more or less fossilized specimens in various localities in the same region. They mentioned shells found in situ in the disintegrated stratum immediately covering the cretaceous layers which come to the surface in numerous places in the province of Limburg (e.g., specimens from Gronsveld), as well as shells apparently washed from this stratum by the rain (e.g., specimens found at the base of cretaceous slopes near Epen). All these specimens are reported to be more or less corroded, calcareous and deprived of their periostracum, though the original colour is often vestigial and represented by pale purple transverse bands. These authors, failing to discover a single living snail, consequently concluded that Helicigona lapicida is not indigenous and that it occurs only in a subfossil state.\nOther localities have been given by Van Benthem Jutting (1927, 1933).\nIn her first paper Helicigona lapicida is marked with a f, which means that no living specimens were collected. The localities mentioned are: Bloemen-

Description: In recent literature two subspecies of Mustela nudipes, viz., Mustela nudipes nudipes Desm. and Mustela nudipes leucocephalus (Gray), are recognized. In a survey of the Indo-Australian weasels, Dammerman (1940, p. 269) discussed the possibility of recognizing these two subspecies, but through lack of material he could not arrive at a definite conclusion. Since Dammerman\'s notes were published three more specimens were brought to light in the collections of our Museum. Moreover we had at our disposal two specimens from the collection of Mr. H. J. V. Sody, as well as four specimens and a skull in the Amsterdam Zoological Museum. A study of the variation of Mustela nudipes led us to reconsider the status of Mustela hamakeri Dammerman (1940, p. 266, pl. XV) as a distinct species.\nBefore describing and discussing the specimens examined by us, it may be useful to give a historical account of the species, of its subspecies, and of the names involved.\nThe first description of Mustela nudipes is that by Geoffroy SaintHilaire & F. Cuvier (1821), who also published a coloured plate showing this species. The authors gave the species the French name "Furet de Java", and the scientific name "Nudipes". The species is stated to belong to the "sous-genre des Putois", but neither for this subgenus, nor for the genus a scientific name is mentioned. In an earlier part of the same work the authors (1820) describe "Le Furet" under the name Mustela Furo, and, therefore, Dammerman accepts Mustela as the genus to which nudipes was referred by Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & F. Cuvier. From a nomenclatorial point of view, it is more safe perhaps to accept Desmarest\'s use of "mustela nudipes" as the first valid one. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & F. Cuvier (1842,

Description: Im Dezember 1938 besuchte der eine Autor, Dr. Breuning das Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie in Leiden zum Studium mehrerer sich dort befindlichen Typen von Lamiinae f\xc3\xbcr seine \xe2\x80\x9e\xc3\x89tudes sur les Lamiaires" (1934\xe2\x80\x94 , Novitates Entomologicae, Suppl. 3). Er suchte dann auch eine Partie der interessantesten unbestimmten Cerambycidae zusammen, welche ihm zum weiteren Studium und Vergleichung an seiner Sammlung nach Wien zugesandt wurde. Einige Zeit sp\xc3\xa4ter sandte er sie zur\xc3\xbcck, die neuen Arten von kurzen Diagnosen versehen. Der andere Autor hatte auf sich genommen, diese Diagnosen auszuarbeiten, die St\xc3\xbccke nachzupr\xc3\xbcfen und die Abbildungen anzufertigen. Urspr\xc3\xbcnglich sollte vorliegende Arbeit im Sp\xc3\xa4tsommer 1939 ver\xc3\xb6ffentlicht werden. Die Herstellung der Figuren hat aber neben anderer Arbeit mehr Zeit in Anspruch genommen als erwartet worden war und als im August 1939 Dr. De Jong zum Milit\xc3\xa4rdienst eingerufen wurde war das Manuskript noch nicht druckfertig.\nErst nach seiner R\xc3\xbcckkehr im Sommer 1940 konnte er seine Arbeit fortsetzen.\nInzwischen hatte Dr. Breuning, in der Meinung dass die vorliegende Arbeit schon fr\xc3\xbcher zur Ver\xc3\xb6ffentlichung gekommen war, einige der damals neuen Arten angef\xc3\xbchrt in Novitates Entomologicae (Jahr 9, Dezember 1939, Supplement 3, Appendix, S. 516\xe2\x80\x94520).\nDie Anordnung der Genera ist nach Aurivillius (Coleopterorum Catalogus von Junk\xe2\x80\x94Schenkling, Pars 73, 1921 und Pars 74, 1923).\nDORCADIONINI Thoms.\nDolichostyrax basispinosus nov. spec. (Fig. 1) Holotypus: Sumatra, Palembang, Hoogvlakte van Liwa, 1000 m, leg. K. E. Keil.

Description: Wer auf einer ozeanischen Insel Schmetterlinge sammeln will, darf seine Erwartungen nicht zu hoch spannen; aber dennoch waren meine Frau und ich sehr entt\xc3\xa4uscht, als uns auf einer Reise nach Madeira von einer dort angesessenen, gebildeten Dame gesagt wurde, sie habe auf der Insel niemals einen Schmetterling fliegen sehen.\nDas wurde mir verst\xc3\xa4ndlich, als ich die n\xc3\xa4here Umgebung von Funchal kennen lernte, denn an den aus lockeren vulkanischen Auswurfsmassen bestehenden, trockenen, vorwiegend mit Opuntien bewachsenen Geh\xc3\xa4ngen in der N\xc3\xa4he der K\xc3\xbcste kann kein Tagschmetterling leben. Die vielen Blumen der G\xc3\xa4rten, derentwegen Madeira ber\xc3\xbchmt ist, sind aber aus den verschiedensten Gegenden zusammengebracht, so dass sich nach ihnen keine einheimische Fauna abstimmen konnte. So beobachtete ich in der Stadt von Tagfaltern auch nur einen Bl\xc3\xa4uling, der im Park um einen Baumwipfel flog. Es muss Cosmolyce baetica L. sein, da kein anderer Bl\xc3\xa4uling auf dem Eiland vorkommt.\nDas Bild \xc3\xa4ndert sich aber, wenn man nur eine kurze Strecke an der bis 1910 m ansteigenden, alten Vulkanruine hinaufgeht; denn von Nord her zieht oftmals eine Nebelkappe \xc3\xbcber den Kamm des Gebirges, um sich weit abw\xc3\xa4rts nach S\xc3\xbcden zu erstrecken, ein Umstand, welcher auch zur Entdeckung der Insel durch Zarco f\xc3\xbchrte. Noch im Juni war die Luft in Monte (etwa 650 m) meistens bedeckt, gab es selten einige Stunden Sonne und mitunter nachmittags etwas Regen, w\xc3\xa4hrend der Strand von Funchal fast ununterbrochen im sch\xc3\xb6nsten Sonnenschein herauf leuchtete. Hier gibt es sogar sch\xc3\xb6ne Baumfarne und der durstige Eucalyptus bildet grosse Best\xc3\xa4nde, sehr zum Schaden der \xc3\xbcbrigen Waldb\xc3\xa4ume.

Description: Melitaea cinxia L. subsp. balcanensis nov. subsp. \xe2\x99\x82 \xc3\xa4hnelt dem von subsp. australis Vrty., gl\xc3\xa4nzend braun mit pr\xc3\xa4gnanter Schwarzzeichnung. \xe2\x99\x80 fahlgelb, oft gr\xc3\xbcn \xc3\xbcberst\xc3\xa4ubt, meist mit zur\xc3\xbccktretender Schwarzzeichnung; zwei Exemplare indessen dunkel, f. obscurior Stgr. Die Unterseite wie die von subsp. clarissa Stgr., die rostbraune Submarginalbinde des Hinterfl\xc3\xbcgels aufgehellt, die gelbweisse Mittelbinde erweitert, die Schwarzzeichnung verdr\xc3\xa4ngt.\nPatria: Monastir, Macedonien; Prilep, Macedonien; Sarajevo, Bosnien; VI.\nTypen 1 \xe2\x99\x82, Monastir, Macedonien, 1933, ex. coll. Dr. A. Collier; 1 \xe2\x99\x80, Prilep, Macedonien, Juni 1933, ex. coll. Dr. A. Collier im Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden. Paratypen 18 \xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x82, 9 \xe2\x99\x80\xe2\x99\x80, ebenda.\nMelitaea phoebe Knoch, \xe2\x99\x80, f. albescens nov. forma Aufhellung des Fl\xc3\xbcgelfonds bei einem kr\xc3\xa4ftig gezeichneten \xe2\x99\x80. Die sonst braunen Fl\xc3\xbcgelpartien sind braungelb, zum Teil weissgelb. Die Submarginalbinde des Hinterfl\xc3\xbcgels r\xc3\xb6tlich. Unterseite gleichfalls aufgehellt.\nTypus 1 \xe2\x99\x80 sine Patria im Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden.\nMelitaea didyma Ochs. subsp. praxilla Frhst. generatio prima nov.\nDar\xc3\xbcber sagt der Autor nicht mehr als: \xe2\x80\x9eIn der Herzegowina und Bulgarien fliegt eine Rasse \xc3\xa4hnlich dalmatina Stgr.". Die Abbildung im Seitz Supplement 1, Taf. 13c, zeigt ein kleines, ziegelrotes \xe2\x99\x82 mit schwachen Zeichnungen. Die mir vorliegenden Tiere aus diesen Fluggebieten lassen sich nicht \xc3\xbcber einen Kamm scheren und geh\xc3\xb6ren verschiedenen Generationen an, was das verschiedene Aussehen hinreichend begr\xc3\xbcndet. Die

Description: Genus Philippia Gray, 1847 Ph. abyssorum (Melvill & Standen) Solarium abyssorum Melvill & Standen, Ann. & Mag. of Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 12, p. 297, pl. 21, fig. 1; 1903.\nType locality: "Gulf of Oman, lat. 24\xc2\xba 58\' N., long. 56\xc2\xba 54\' E., 156 fathoms".\nThis Philippia is related to Ph. oxytropis A. Ad.\nPh. atkinsoni (Smith) Solarium atkinsoni Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 441, pl. 35, figs. 19, 19a, 19b; 1891.\nArchitectonica atkinsoni, Hedley, Rec. Austral. Mus., vol. 6, p. 285; 1907.\nType locality: "dredged off Sydney in 410 fathoms", "Station 164 B".\nPh. certesi (Dautzenberg & Fischer) Solarium Certesi Dautzenberg & Fischer, M\xc3\xa9m. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 9, p. 452, pl. 19, figs. 3, 4, 5; 1896.\nSolarium Certesi, Dautzenberg & Fischer, M\xc3\xa9m. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 10, p. 159; 1897.\nSolarium Certesi, Dautzenberg, R\xc3\xa9s. Camp. Sci. Prince de Monaco, fasc. 72, p. 121, pl. 4, figs. 4, 5, 6; 1927.\nType locality: "A\xc3\xa7ores: Hirondelle (1888), Stn. 39, 1557 m., Stn. 47, 1372 m., Stn. 69, 1300 m.; Pr. Alice (1895), Stn. 46, 1385 m., Stn. 71, 1165 m." Dautzenberg & Fischer place this species in the genus Solarium. It is not a Solarium s.s., however, but they do not specify the subgenus to which it belongs. The angulate periphery, the more or less triangular aperture and

Description: The genus Praravinia was created by KORTHALS (in TEMMINCK, Verhand. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Overz. Bezitt., Bot., p. 189, tab. 41, 1839-1842) for a plant which he had collected in the south-eastern part of Borneo. He described it as similar in habit and doubtless nearly related to Urophyllum WALL. His diagnosis of the genus, however, does not substantiate this point of view, for it contains two statements which seem to exclude the possibility of a near affinity: the aestivation of the corolla lobes is described as imbricate, whereas in Urophyllum and its allies it is always valvate, and the number of corolla lobes is said to be half as large as that of the stamens, a condition unknown not only in Urophyllum but in the whole family. As in the description of the species the aestivation is correctly set down as valvate, the first statement need not trouble us: the word \xe2\x80\x9cimbricate\xe2\x80\x9d in the generic diagnosis is obviously a slip of the pen. The other statement, however, is repeated in the description of the species, but it strikes one as anomalous that immediately afterwards the 8\xe2\x80\x9412 stamens are said to alternate with the corolla lobes, as this of course would be impossible when the latter were but half as numerous as the first.\nThe discrepancy between the number of the corolla lobes and of the stamens led MIQUEL in his \xe2\x80\x9cFlora Indiae Batavae II, p. 225 (1857)\xe2\x80\x9d to consider Praravinia as a quite singular genus, rather out of place in the family Rubiaceae: it reminded him, he says, of the Samydeae (Flacourtiaceae). When he wrote this, he knew the genus merely from the description given by KORTHALS, but afterwards he found an opportunity to study the latter\xe2\x80\x99s material. In his \xe2\x80\x9cDe quibusdam Rubiaceis, Apocyneis et Asclepiadeis\xe2\x80\x9d (Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. IV, p. 136, 1869) he proposes, as a result of this investigation, to exclude the genus from the Rubiaceae, and to raise it to family rank. The new family, for which he introduces the name Metrocladeaceae, should be regarded, however, as nearly related to the Rubiaceae. The description of the genus given by MIQUEL is much more detailed than the original one, but it unfortunately repeats its principal errors: the corolla is described as 4- to 6-merous, and its aestivation as imbricate. The male flower dissected by him is preserved in the Utrecht Herbarium; it is a fairly young bud, opened by a longitudinal slit. The corolla lobes had apparently been separated by a slight pressure, but I at once got the impression that it had been insufficient to effect a complete separation, and that the lobes were still cohering in pairs. I have boiled the flower therefore once more, and by exercising in my turn a slight pressure I succeeded in setting all the lobes free. Since then I have seen mature flowers of this and other species in which the isomery of corolla and androecium was unmistakable. MIQUEL\xe2\x80\x99s speculations on the taxonomic position of the genus were based therefore on a false supposition, and need no further consideration; the analysis carried out below will show that KORTHALS was quite right when he placed Praravinia in the neighbourhood of Urophyllum.

Description: This paper contains the diagnoses in Latin of a new genus, new sections of some genera, several new species and a number of new varieties which will be dealt with by the author in English in a publication entitled: \xe2\x80\x9cA monograph of the genus Protium and some allied genera (Burseraceae)\xe2\x80\x9d, to be published in Rec. Trav. bot. n\xc3\xa9erl. XXXIX, p. 211 (1942) and in Meded. bot. Mus. en Herb. Utrecht 90 (1942).\nProtium BURM.f. sectio Eu-Protium SWART n. sect.

Description: Die Frage nach der Art, wie die nordwesteurop\xc3\xa4ische Calluna-Heide entstanden ist, und wann dies geschah, wurde in den letzten Jahren erneut diskutiert. In der vorliegenden Mitteilung wird versucht, auf Grund der Resultate pollenanalytischer Untersuchungen kleiner Moore im Heidegebiet der niederl\xc3\xa4ndischen Provinz Drenthe einen Beitrag zur L\xc3\xb6sung dieses Problems zu geben.\nDer von uns begangene Weg wurde bereits 1931 von OVERBECK (1) *) vorgeschlagen. Dieser Autor brachte damals auch schon ein Beispiel derartiger Untersuchungen in der Bearbeitung kleiner Moore auf der Vegesacker Geest in der N\xc3\xa4he von Bremen: des Moores bei Lilkendey und des Garlstedter Moores. Die Erscheinung, welche hier wichtig ist, ist folgende: In den Diagrammen der Ablagerungen beider Moore zeigen sich starke Anschwellungen der Ericaceenkurve zur Zeit des Buchenanstieges, die sich wohl nicht ausschliesslich oder auch nur zum gr\xc3\xb6sseren Teil auf die Produktion an Ericaceenpollen des Moores zur\xc3\xbcckf\xc3\xbchren lassen. OVERBECK hebt hervor, dass diese Tatsache eine starke Ausbreitung der Heide gegen Ende der Bildungszeit des \xc3\xa4lteren Hochmoortorfs anzeigt, also im Subboreal, das etwa der Bronzezeit entspricht.

Description: The name Pleiocarpidia was coined by K. SCHUMANN (ENGLER und PRANTL, Nat\xc3\xbcrliche Pflanzenfamilien, Nachtr\xc3\xa4ge I, p. 314, 1897) for a genus described in 1873 by HOOKER f. (BENTHAM et HOOKER, Genera Plantarum II (1), p. 71) as Aulacodiscus: HOOKER\xe2\x80\x99S genus had to be rebaptized, because the name Aulacodiscus had been used already in 1844 by EHRENBERG for a genus belonging to the Diatomeae. A proposal made by O. KUNTZE(POST et KUNTZE, Lexicon, 1904) to change the spelling of the name introduced by SCHUMANN in Pliocarpidia can not be accepted, as there is no rule prescribing the transcription of the Greek diphthong in the manner advocated by the proposer.\nThe plant on which HOOKER\xe2\x80\x99S genus was founded, a small tree not uncommon in the Malay Peninsula, had been described already several years before by WIGHT (Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. VII, p. 144, 1847) under the name Axanthes enneandra. The specific epithet points to the presence of nine stamens in the flower, but this is exceptional: in the flowers investigated by me the ordinary number proved to be seven. The genus Axanthes Bl., to which the species had been referred by WIGHT, was reduced shortly afterwards by BENTHAM and HOOKER f. (Niger Flora,p. 396,1849) and independently by KORTHALS (Ned. Kruidk. Arch. II, 2, p. 194,1851) to Urophyllum Wall. Later HOOKER made an exception for Axanthes enneandra Wight. The flowers of this plant were described by him as 8- to 16-merous, and on account of this character and of the presence of a \xe2\x80\x9cpeltate stigma\xe2\x80\x9d he referred it to a new genus. Afterwards a second species from the same region was described by KING and GAMBLE under the name Aulacodiscus Maingayi, but this proved identical with the first (cf. RIDLEY, Flora of the Malay Peninsula II, p. 64, 1923). A really new species, however, was found in Mindanao: it was described by Merrill as Pleiocarpidia lanaensis.

Description: Among the most aberrant types of pollen grains found in plants which have been referred to the family Acanthaceae, are those of the genera Meyenia N. ab E. and Thomandersia Baill. Although the pollen grains were described by LINDAU under different names, those of the first genus as cogwheel-shaped and those of the latter as lenticular, they are really very similar: in both genera they are depressed globose, provided with five or more meridional grooves extending from the equator to about halfway the poles, and without clearly circumscribed germ pores. The difference between the two kinds of grains lies in the presence or absence of ribs: in Meyenia the grooves are borne on the top of ribs separated from each other by shallow depressions, whereas in Thomandersia the whole surface between the grooves is more or less evenly bent.\nMaterial of Meyenia was not yet available to me, but judged from the description the genus differs but slightly from Thunbergia L.f. sensu Lindau. In fact, the two genera have often been united. The pollen grains of Thunbergia sensu Lindau resemble those of Meyenia in the absence of germ pores and in the presence of grooves, but the latter are never meridional: as a rule, they are more or less serpentine (cf. BREMEKAMP in Rec. d. trav. bot. n\xc3\xa9erl. XXXV, 1938, pp. 142\xe2\x80\x94143, fig. 2 A\xe2\x80\x94G and Tab. XIII B\xe2\x80\x94E).

Description: When revising the Visca of the Malay Archipelago and Indo-China, I met with some nomenclatorial difficulties, for which a more thorough study of the British-Indian Visca seemed necessary. The distinction of the species in HOOKER\xe2\x80\x99S Flora soon appeared not to be depended upon. At the time of HOOKER\xe2\x80\x99S revising the British-Indian Loranthaceae, only a scanty quantity of herbarium was available, and, the distinction between several species being extremely difficult, it is no wonder that HOOKER\xe2\x80\x99S treatment of Viscum is no more up to date now. As appears from notes on herbarium sheets, GAMBLE later made a rather thorough study of the British-Indian Visca, which was only partly included in his Madras Flora, but he did not include the species of adjacent countries in his study. We now have a much larger quantity of herbarium materials at our disposal; several species described from outside British-India appeared to occur inside its frontiers, and new species had to be described from British India and China. Therefore a critical revision of all the Asiatic species seemed not to be superfluous. Moreover, the close relationship of the Australian Visca with Asiatic species made it desirable to include also the former in this revision. A revision of all the Asiatic, Malaysian, and Australian Visca would therefore have been the result, if not political circumstances had rendered it impossible to obtain the materials of several important Herbaria in the Tropics. I therefore preferred to close my study on the genus Viscum provisorily, and to publish it in the present form, in expectation of better times.\nThe Herbaria upon which the present revision is based, mainly are those of Kew Gardens (K), and the Dehra Dun Forest Experiment Station (DD), the Viscum materials of which were kindly sent to me for examination. Many data, however, could be added from other Herbaria, such as those of Buitenzorg (B), Berlin-Dahlem (BD), the British Museum of Natural History (BM), Berkeley (UC), Brisbane (Bris), Edinburg (E), Geneva (G), G\xc3\xb6teborg (G\xc3\xb6t), Groningen (Gro), Honolulu (H), Leiden (L), Manila (M), Paris (P), Shillong (Sh), Singapore (S), and Vienna (V).

Description: 1. Es sind bisher \xc3\xbcber die merkw\xc3\xbcrdige rezente marine Gastropoden-Gruppe Thatcheria Angas, 1877 sehr wenige Gegebenheiten bekannt, vergleichende Untersuchungen mit fossilen Arten fehlen (fast) vollkommen und auch die Frage ihrer systematischen Stellung ist nie in befriedigender Weise gel\xc3\xb6st worden. Auf Grund vergleichender Forschungen bei der Bestimmung gewisser fossiler, systematisch schwieriger, doch morphologisch einfacher ostindischer Arten glaube ich diese Frage endlich \xe2\x80\x94 jedenfalls zum gr\xc3\xb6ssten Teil \xe2\x80\x94 l\xc3\xb6sen zu k\xc3\xb6nnen, dank auch der von N.B. Eales ausgef\xc3\xbchrten anatomischen Untersuchung der einzigen lebenden Art dieser \xe2\x80\x9eGattung\xe2\x80\x9d.\nAngas beschrieb 1877 eine Schale der hiesigen Art, Thatcheria mirabilis von Japan; er betrachtete sie vorl\xc3\xa4ufig als Glied der Fusinae. Seither ist unsere Kenntnis von Thatcheria so gut wie nicht erweitert worden (bis 1938): Tryon (Man. of Conchology, 3, 1881, S. 98, 112; Struct. a. system. Conchology, 2, 1883, S. 135), der den Typus gesehen hatte, betrachtete ihn als eine unzweifelhaft scalaroide Monstruosit\xc3\xa4t, nahe verwandt mit Hemifusus [\xe2\x80\x9eSemifusus\xe2\x80\x9d] Swainson, 1840 (= Cochlidium Gray, 1850); Fischer (Manuel de Conchyl., S. 623) erw\xc3\xa4hnte kurz Tryon\xe2\x80\x99s Meinung, rechnete Thatcheria also ebenfalls zu den Melongenidae. Auch Cossmann hat sich seit 1889 der Meinung Tryon\xe2\x80\x99s angeschlossen (cf. Cossmann, Essais de pal., 4, 1901, S. 62, 93\xe2\x80\x9494). Dann wird diese Gattung nochmals erw\xc3\xa4hnt im Jahre 1919, bloss als Merkw\xc3\xbcrdigkeit, \xe2\x80\x9ca monstrosity of Fusus\xe2\x80\x9d, der Sammlung De Burgh (Journal of Conchology, Bd. 16, 1919, S. 66). 1934 bildete Yokoyama (On Cochlioconus, S. 406) nochmals Tryon\xe2\x80\x99s Figur des Genotypus ab, dabei seine fossile Gattung Cochlioconus Yokoyama, 1928 richtigerweise als Synonym von Thatcheria (nach Yokoyama neben Conus zu stellen) anf\xc3\xbchrend, \xc3\xbcbrigens auf Anregung von Pilsbry. In demselben Jahr gab Hirase (Coll. of japanese shells, S. 104, Taf. 128 B, Fig. 3) eine m\xc3\xa4ssig gelungene, doch noch ausreichend deutliche Abbildung eines 94 mm langen Vertreters von Th. mirabilis und 1937 wird in einer Versammlung der \xe2\x80\x9cMalacological Society London\xe2\x80\x9d, wo von Le B. Tomlin eine Schale dieser Art gezeigt wurde, entschlossen, dass sie eher einen Pleurotomiden- oder Opisthobranchier-Vertreter (\xe2\x80\x9callied to Akera\xe2\x80\x9d) darstellen k\xc3\xb6nnte (vgl. Proc. Mal. Soc. London, Bd. 22, Lief. 4, S. 158). Schliesslich lenkt Eales (On affinities of Thatcheria, 1938), haupts\xc3\xa4chlich aus anatomischen Gr\xc3\xbcnden, die Aufmerksamkeit darauf, dass diese Gattung wohl den Turridae (= Pleurotomidae) angeh\xc3\xb6ren wird.

Description: Much has been said of the geographical relations and the origin of the West Indian fauna, especially as to that of its vertebrates and mollusks. Mostly the islands off the Venezuelan coast, for the greater part within sight of the South American continent, remained out of question, although obvious differences between the fauna of Cura\xc3\xa7ao and that of the adjacent mainland were rather quickly noticed and its affinity towards the fauna of the Greater Antilles even emphasized (Bland, 1861; Baker, 1924).\nWithout going into the West Indian fauna as a whole, or the current theories that try to explain its distribution, an attempt is being made to find out what palaeogeographical indication is given by the fauna of the Leeward Group, by careful examination of the distribution of its mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fishes and mollusks, \xe2\x80\x94 these being the only groups, perhaps with exception of the birds, which are sufficiently well known to serve as a base for zoogeographical considerations. Biocoenoses were not studied, only the distribution of species and subspecies was taken into account. The biotopes usually being very small and scattered by many isolating factors formed by accidental circumstances, the fauna being very poor and the biology of the species practically unknown, it will be clear that we have to be unpretentious in our aim and very careful in our conclusions.

Description: The region which forms the field of these studies lies between Trinidad and the Goajira-peninsula, off the northcoast of South America, comprising of seventeen islands or island-groups with a total area of about 2000 square kilometers. It is a part of the Venezuelan Republic, excepting Cura\xc3\xa7ao, Aruba and Bonaire, which is Netherlands territory. The total number of inhabitants can be estimated at 164000, chiefly confined to Margarita (70000), Cura\xc3\xa7ao (61000), Aruba (24000), Bonaire (5500) and Coche (3000).\nThis region was visited in 1936 and 1937 with the main object of studying the land and freshwaterfauna, excluding birds and the greater part of the insects. For comparison some parts of the adjacent continent were also visited.

Description: Whilst visiting the Leeward Group, little time could be spared to the collecting of mammals; from Odocoileus and Sylvilagus however, a rather representative series could be obtained. Regarding this, I must offer my grateful thanks and appreciation to the people who so ably and kindly assisted in securing the specimens. I am especially obliged to Mr. van der Linde Schotborgh for presenting me with a living Cura\xc3\xa7oan deer and to Mr. de Wit for organizing our three shooting-parties, ending with the aquisition of the type of Odocoileus gymnotis curassavicus.\nSe\xc3\xb1orita Fanny Maneyro made me a present of a two days old fawn, on the occasion of a short visit to her uncles estate on the Peninsula de Araya. Little \xe2\x80\x9cChacopato\xe2\x80\x9d was bottle-fed in my room in Porlamar, with the devoted assistance of Maximiliana, the hotel-owners step-daughter. This apartment he soon shared with an adult deer from Margarita, which however died a few months later. During this time the hotel-owner, Cl\xc3\xa9mente Sib\xc3\xba, who was very fond of animals, overlooked many annoying things, which another would never have let pass. After my departure to Cura\xc3\xa7ao, \xe2\x80\x9cChacopato\xe2\x80\x9d stayed in \xe2\x80\x9cHotel Central\xe2\x80\x9d, where he was later joined by his two prospective wives \xe2\x80\x9cGuanta\xe2\x80\x9d and \xe2\x80\x9cCar\xc3\xbapana\xe2\x80\x9d, until our departure for the Netherlands. After being kindly entertained on board of the \xe2\x80\x9eVan Rensselaer\xe2\x80\x9d, they started family-life in the grounds of my parents country-house near The Hague.

Description: L\xe2\x80\x99histoire g\xc3\xa9ologique de Monferrato est marqu\xc3\xa9e par une s\xc3\xa9rie de transgressions et de r\xc3\xa9gressions de la mer, qui se manifestent g\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9ralement d\xe2\x80\x99une mani\xc3\xa8re tr\xc3\xa8s distincte dans la partie orientale de ces collines. Nous avons r\xc3\xa9sum\xc3\xa9 cette histoire sch\xc3\xa9matiquement dans la fig. 3 1).\nDans les r\xc3\xa8gles qui suivent nous d\xc3\xa9crirons \xc3\xa0 grands traits le d\xc3\xa9veloppement de la partie orientale du bassin de Monferrato \xc3\xa0 partir du Jurassique jusqu\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa0 la fin du Plioc\xc3\xa8ne.\nPendant le Jurassique et le Cr\xc3\xa9tac\xc3\xa9 un grand bassin assez profond (mais certainement pas abyssal) s\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tendait des Alpes occidentales (schistes lustr\xc3\xa9s) jusqu\xe2\x80\x99au SE de Bologna. Ce bassin \xc3\xa9tait entour\xc3\xa9 de terre ayant peu ou point de relief, de sorte qu\xe2\x80\x99il y avait peu de transport de mat\xc3\xa9riaux terrig\xc3\xa8nes. Des d\xc3\xa9p\xc3\xb4ts argileux se formaient. A la fin du Cr\xc3\xa9tac\xc3\xa9 une grande r\xc3\xa9gression s\xe2\x80\x99est manifest\xc3\xa9 (d\xc3\xa9position de conglom\xc3\xa9rats dans les collines occidentales, voir Beets p. 224). Apr\xc3\xa8s cette r\xc3\xa9gression le bassin de Monferrato \xc3\xa9tait peu profond et plus ou moins barr\xc3\xa9. Des argiles bitumineuses et des calcaires marneux se d\xc3\xa9posaient. Au commencement de l\xe2\x80\x99Eoc\xc3\xa8ne sup\xc3\xa9rieur la r\xc3\xa9gression s\xe2\x80\x99est poursuivie: il s\xe2\x80\x99est form\xc3\xa9 un s\xc3\xa9diment de marnes friables alternant avec des couches sableuses, parfois m\xc3\xaame caillouteuses. A la fin de l\xe2\x80\x99Eoc\xc3\xa8ne un plissement s\xe2\x80\x99est manifest\xc3\xa9. Les \xe2\x80\x9enoyaux\xe2\x80\x9d \xc3\xa9oc\xc3\xa8nes de Casale et de Brusaschetto se sont form\xc3\xa9s.\nL\xe2\x80\x99Oligoc\xc3\xa8ne a commenc\xc3\xa9 par une transgression, pendant laquelle il y avait des c\xc3\xb4tes ou bien des hauts-fonds dans le sud et dans le NE de la r\xc3\xa9gion. La quantit\xc3\xa9 de mat\xc3\xa9riel caillouteux amen\xc3\xa9 par les rivi\xc3\xa8res des r\xc3\xa9gions r\xc3\xa9cemment soulev\xc3\xa9es (Alpes occidentales, Apennins septentrionaux) \xc3\xa9tait grande et a donn\xc3\xa9 naissance aux zones conglom\xc3\xa9ratiques. A la fin du Rup\xc3\xa9lien le relief des r\xc3\xa9gions soulev\xc3\xa9es avait beaucoup diminu\xc3\xa9, de sorte qu\xe2\x80\x99il y avait peu de transport pendant le Chattien (\xe2\x80\x9eOligoc\xc3\xa8ne sup\xc3\xa9rieur\xe2\x80\x9d de Beets). Le bassin chattien \xc3\xa9tait d\xe2\x80\x99ailleurs beaucoup moins \xc3\xa9tendu que le bassin tongrien-rup\xc3\xa9lien.\nPendant l\xe2\x80\x99Aquitanien la zone c\xc3\xb4ti\xc3\xa8re (ou le haut-fond) dans le nord du bassin a subsist\xc3\xa9, tandis que la ligne des c\xc3\xb4tes m\xc3\xa9ridionale s\xe2\x80\x99est d\xc3\xa9plac\xc3\xa9 plus au nord que pendant le Tongrien-Rup\xc3\xa9lien. Le mat\xc3\xa9riel transport\xc3\xa9 \xc3\xa9tait plus gros et plus abondant que pendant le Chattien, de sorte qu\xe2\x80\x99il faut admettre un l\xc3\xa9ger soul\xc3\xa8vement des r\xc3\xa9gions entourantes au commencement de l\xe2\x80\x99Aquitanien. Pendant le Langhien le relief de ces r\xc3\xa9gions avait diminu\xc3\xa9 de nouveau. La quantit\xc3\xa9 de mat\xc3\xa9riel transport\xc3\xa9 dans le bassin \xc3\xa9tait donc assez r\xc3\xa9duite. Il y avait des circonstances favorables \xc3\xa0 la formation de d\xc3\xa9p\xc3\xb4ts calcaires. La mer s\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tait retir\xc3\xa9e plus vers l\xe2\x80\x99ouest, de sorte que toute la partie orientale des collines de Moncalvo-Casale n\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tait plus submerg\xc3\xa9e.\nApr\xc3\xa8s le Langhien la grande transgression helv\xc3\xa9tienne a commenc\xc3\xa9; le mat\xc3\xa9riel transport\xc3\xa9 dans le bassin est devenu plus abondant et plus gros. La pal\xc3\xa9og\xc3\xa9ographie du bassin s\xe2\x80\x99est chang\xc3\xa9e un peu: \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99ouest de Moncalvo la ligne des c\xc3\xb4tes (dans ce cas: ligne de profondeur \xc3\xa9gale) ne s\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tendait plus en direction ouest.\nPendant le Tortonien et le Messinien les mouvements orog\xc3\xa9niques, presque continus pendant tout le Tertiaire, se sont manifest\xc3\xa9s dans un plissement plus marqu\xc3\xa9, qui a produit un renversement de relief. Pendant le Messinien la r\xc3\xa9gression, qui avait commenc\xc3\xa9 d\xc3\xa8s la fin de l\xe2\x80\x99Helv\xc3\xa9tien a atteint son extension maximale. Des lentilles de gypse se sont form\xc3\xa9es, les coquilles de formes saum\xc3\xa2tres pr\xc3\xa9valent.\nEnfin la grande transgression plioc\xc3\xa8ne a submerg\xc3\xa9 le bassin de Monferrato pour la derni\xc3\xa8re fois. Un faible plissement, suivi par le soul\xc3\xa8vement d\xc3\xa9finitif de la r\xc3\xa9gion enti\xc3\xa8re au-dessus du niveau de la mer termine l\xe2\x80\x99histoire tertiaire du bassin de Pi\xc3\xa9monte.

Description: 1. Vorbemerkungen. Lange Zeit kannte man nur eine Art dieser interessanten Gattung aus dem Obereoc\xc3\xa4n der Insel Java, n\xc3\xa4mlich Buccinulum jogjacartense (Martin) [Martin, 1914, S. 142]. Vor kurzem beschrieb dann Oostingh eine zweite javanische Art, nun aus dem Plioc\xc3\xa4n von S\xc3\xbcd-Bantam (1939, S. 117). Inzwischen hatten aber Wanner und Hahn (1935, S. 250) zwei Arten dieser in der rezenten indopacifischen Fauna nicht vertretenen Gattung als eine Art beschrieben und sie ausserdem unter die Gattung Siphonalia eingereiht. Dank der Freundlichkeit von Herrn Prof. Wanner erhielt ich die Originale dieser Arten zwecks weiterer Untersuchung und konnte dabei feststellen, dass die Beschreibung, welche seinerzeit zwei Arten unter einer einzigen zusammenfasste, nicht zutreffend war.\nFerner liegen mir noch mehr Arten vor aus dem Mioc\xc3\xa4n der Insel Sumatra und Borneo, die in holl\xc3\xa4ndischen Sammlungen (generisch unbestimmt) vorhanden waren; nach eingehender Pr\xc3\xbcfung liessen sich weitere Arten darunter nicht nachweisen, sodass die Resultate sich in vorliegender Mitteilung zusammenfassen lassen.

Description: In the following pages data will be given about the size of the megalospheric embryonic apparatus, and of the size of the shell, of some Foraminifera. By comparing these data for a certain species from different samples, the relative ages of which are known, it will be possible, to get an insight into the alterations of the measured characters in geological times. For that purpose samples from geological sections, or otherwise well defined geological formations, were used. A description of each of these sections will be given, in order to discuss the reliability of the determinations of the relative ages of the samples.\nI may point out here, that as the layers containing the foraminiferal shells have a certain thickness, and as the sampling has been done over the whole width of the outcropping layer, or over part of it, we may be certain, that the deposition of these shells, must have taken \xe2\x80\x9cmany years\xe2\x80\x9d. In my opinion this may be an advantage, as the possible annual or short-periode influence of the environment on the phaenotype may thus have been eliminated.

Description: La r\xc3\xa9gion \xc3\xa9tudi\xc3\xa9e est situ\xc3\xa9e dans les montagnes du Liban, \xc3\xa0 cheval sur le Liban Sud et la plaine de la B\xc3\xa9kaa et s\xe2\x80\x99approche des contreforts de l\xe2\x80\x99Anti-Liban (Fig. 2, p. 256, Fig. 3, p. 260). Cette r\xc3\xa9gion fut choisie parce qu\xe2\x80\x99elle s\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tend sur un terrain g\xc3\xa9ologiquement fort int\xc3\xa9ressant et parce que le fond topographique venait d\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xaatre lev\xc3\xa9. Elle couvre la r\xc3\xa9gion haute du Liban Sud, de l\xe2\x80\x99un \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99autre bord, d\xc3\xa9borde un peu \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99Ouest sur le plateau c\xc3\xa9nomanien c\xc3\xb4tier et p\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa8tre largement \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99Est dans la B\xc3\xa9kaa.\nDans la r\xc3\xa9gion haute le Cr\xc3\xa9tac\xc3\xa9 inf\xc3\xa9rieur est exceptionnellement d\xc3\xa9velopp\xc3\xa9 et riche en faune et le Jurassique y constitue la longue cr\xc3\xaate du Djebel Barouk. Dans la B\xc3\xa9kaa se trouvent les termes plus \xc3\xa9lev\xc3\xa9s de la s\xc3\xa9rie stratigraphique; C\xc3\xa9nomanien, Turonien, S\xc3\xa9nonien et Eoc\xc3\xa8ne, de sorte que toute la s\xc3\xa9rie, depuis le Kimmeridgien jusqu\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99Eoc\xc3\xa8ne compris, est repr\xc3\xa9sent\xc3\xa9e.

Description: In 1933 and 1935 K. Martin described a new fauna of tertiary Mollusca from asphalt deposits of Buton 1). The collection, consisting of 35 species, shows very characteristic forms, but not a single species is known from recent, pliocene, miocene or eocene deposits. There are some affinities to miocene and recent types and as the fauna is doubtless younger than Mesozoic, Martin had good reasons to consider the fauna younger than the eocene Nanggulan beds of Java but older than the oldest known mioc\xc3\xa8ne fauna of the East-Indies (West-Progo beds of Java). He ascribed the Buton fossils to the Upper-Oligocene.\nAccording to Hetzel 2), however, the localities of the fossils are situated amidst the so called Sampolakosa-beds of upper-miocene or pliocene age. He tried to give an explanation of the remarkable molluscs of Buton by suggesting that the facies of the deposits might be different from any Mollusca bearing strata hitherto known in the East Indies.

Description: In 1928 maakte J. Cosijn, als eerste Leidsche student, een begin met de detailkaarteering 1:25000 van een deel der Bergamasker Alpen. Thans is dit werk zoover gevorderd, dat een strook tusschen het Lago di Como en het Ogliodal vrijwel geheel gekaarteerd is.\nDat bij zoovele onderzoekers verschil van opvatting over het bepalen van stratigrafische grenzen heerscht, valt niet te verwonderen. Zoo ontstonden feitelijk drie groote problemen, t. w.

Description: Part I of this monograph has been published in volume 10 of this Journal, pp. 241\xe2\x80\x94320, 1938. Preparing this second part I met with the help and assistance from many persons and institutes again, for which I express my most cordial thanks here.\nThe figures illustrating this paper have been drawn once more by Mr. L. P. Pouderoyen, while the \xe2\x80\x9eZoologisch Insulinde Fonds\xe2\x80\x9d supplied the cost of these illustrations.

Description: Bei unserer Untersuchung der Geologie des Turiner Beckens veranlasste uns die dort aufgefundene Terti\xc3\xa4rsedimentation uns mit dieser faszinierenden Erscheinung n\xc3\xa4her zu besch\xc3\xa4ftigen. Schon fr\xc3\xbcher haben sich eine Reihe von Forschern mit diesem Problem auseinandergesetzt, und man muss annehmen, dass die Einteilung der verschiedenen Schichtungsarten \xe2\x80\x94 sediment\xc3\xa4re Ph\xc3\xa4nomene von h\xc3\xb6chster Bedeutung \xe2\x80\x94 am besten genetisch zu erfolgen hat, wie u. a. Kumm (20) und Brinkmann (7) es getan haben. Dazu zwingen uns auch die geologischen Verh\xc3\xa4ltnisse, auf die wir an erster Stelle mit einigen Bemerkungen \xc3\xbcber das Terti\xc3\xa4r der Turiner Berge eingehen wollen. Wir k\xc3\xb6nnen hier nur kurz die wichtigsten Daten und Ansichten \xc3\xbcber die Entstehungsweise bestimmter Schichtenfolgen zur Sprache bringen; f\xc3\xbcr n\xc3\xa4here Einzelheiten der hier benutzten geologischen Belege verweisen wir auf eine ausf\xc3\xbchrliche Arbeit \xc3\xbcber das Turiner Terti\xc3\xa4r: Beets (5).\nMit verschiedenen Autoren verstehen wir unter Schichtung den vertikalen Material-und (oder) Texturwechsel innerhalb einer Gesteinsserie, welcher sowohl in beschr\xc3\xa4nkter wie auch mehr ausgebreiteter horizontaler Richtung ungef\xc3\xa4hr gleichzeitig stattfindet (cf. auch Kumm, 20, S. 199). Brinkmann (7) gibt eine ausgezeichnete Uebersicht der verschiedenen Schichtungsarten, die man bisher beobachtet hat, und ihrer m\xc3\xb6glichen Erkl\xc3\xa4rungen; so auch Dacqu\xc3\xa9 (9): eine allgemeine Uebersicht. Wir wollen dann besonders jene komplexe Schichtung, die von Stamp (26) besprochen wurde, und die hier u. a. in Abb. 2b dargestellt ist, n\xc3\xa4her behandeln. Von dieser Art komplexer Schichtung bestehen manche Varianten, die zwar zuweilen als prinzipiell abweichende Typen dargestellt werden, aber u. E. die gleiche Entstehungsursache haben und nur graduell verschiedenen Genesen zugrunde liegen: Abb. 2 a\xe2\x80\x94c und Abb. 4 a\xe2\x80\x94b.

Description: Bekanntlich hat K. Martin zweimal (1933, 1935, vgl. auch 1937) einige Mollusken aus dem angeblichen Oberoligoc\xc3\xa4n der Insel Buton beschrieben, auf deren merkw\xc3\xbcrdige Charaktere er ausdr\xc3\xbccklich hinwies. Ich selbst konnte seine Feststellungen an Hand reichlichen neueren Materials nur best\xc3\xa4tigen und erg\xc3\xa4nzen 1): wenn man, es sei an dieser Stelle wiederholt, diese Molluskenfauna auf ihren Zusammenhang mit anderen Faunen hin pr\xc3\xbcft, so kommt man bald zu der Einsicht, dass zu anderen palaeogenen Faunen fast gar keine Beziehungen bestehen, jedenfalls nicht zu jenen benachbarter Erdteile (diese Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen sind vielleicht bloss Konvergenz-Beispiele); wirklich nahe Beziehungen bestehen nur zu der Neogenfauna nahegelegener Teile des ostindischen Inselreiches selbst: Timor-Ceram und merkw\xc3\xbcrdigerweise auch Nias (und Ost-Borneo 2). Aus allem darf man wohl schliessen, dass die Oligoc\xc3\xa4n-Mollusken von Buton ein Glied einer sich autochthon entwickelnden Fauna der Osth\xc3\xa4lfte von Insulinde darstellen, die nur ausnahmsweise auf die Faunen anderer Gegenden \xc3\xbcbergreift.\nVor kurzem lernte ich noch ein paar Arten aus dem Plioc\xc3\xa4n der Insel Ceram und dem Jungneogen der Insel Nias kennen, die uns neue Ankn\xc3\xbcpfungspunkte zwischen der Oligoc\xc3\xa4nfauna Butons und dem indischen Neogen bieten; sie sind daher von faunistischer Bedeutung, weshalb ich sie zur Beschreibung ausw\xc3\xa4hlte; sie entstammen dem Komplex des Jung-Neogens von Ceram (aus denen Fischer 1927 zahlreiche Arten systematisch behandelt hat), andererseits also dem Jungneogen von Nias.

Description: The Cypraeacea of the Cosijn collection and from the localities M1\xe2\x80\x94M 262 of the Mijnwezen collection were already discussed by me in a previous paper 3). Recently some new material was sent to me by Dr. C. O. van Regteren Altena; these new shells partly derive from the localities M 263\xe2\x80\x94M 347 of the Mijnwezen collection 4), partly they belong to the Dubois collection of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden. I thought it useful to include in the present study all the Cypraeacea of the Cosijn and Mijnwezen collections, whether already dealt with before or not, as well as the shells from Sonde in the collection K. Martin (R. G. M. L.) 5), the Cypraeacea of the Dubois collection, and some other specimens examined in Dutch collections. Thus the total number of examined Cypraeacea from Pliocene and Pleistocene beds of the Kendeng Mountains rose to 145 specimens belonging to 29 species or races.\nThe formulae added to the descriptions of specimens have been explained in the same paper 6); the seven figures indicate: 1. the length of the shell in mm.; 2. and 3. (both in brackets) the relative breadth and height (i.e. the dorso-ventral diameter) of the shell, both in per cent of the length (the figure indicating the relative height often has been omitted); 4. and 5. the absolute number of labial and columellar teeth, the left anterior terminal ridge excluded; 6. and 7. (both in brackets) the relative number of these teeth reduced to hypothetical shells of 10 mm. (in Eratoidae) or 25 mm. (in Cypraeidae and Amphiperatidae). The species have been arranged according to my last systema 7).

Description: Material: one well-preserved entire shell and another one, of which the ventral valve was destroyed for the greater part for the sake of chemical analysis in the \xe2\x80\x9eRijkswegenbouw-Laboratorium\xe2\x80\x9d.\nDimensions: the ventral valve of the holotype (fig. 9) has a length of 48.2 mm from the posterior or cardinal to the anterior border; the dorsal valve (fig. 8) is 45.2 mm long. The dorsal valve of the paratype (fig. 16) has a length of 53.8 mm. The breadth of the type is 49 mm, the thickness 32.6 mm. The habitus is more rhynchonelloid than terebratuloid, as e. g. in Gryphus Cubensis (Pourtal\xc3\xa8s) or Abyssothyris Thomson, 1927, or in some cretaceous groups (cf. Sahni, 1925). The shell is exactly bilaterally symmetrical, the ventral (pedicle-) valve being somewhat larger than the dorsal one, with more prominent umbo, but the dorsal valve is more convex than the ventral (figs. 11\xe2\x80\x9412). This type of shell-shape was named dorsibiconvex by Schuchert and Cooper (cf. McEwan, 1939, p. 617\xe2\x80\x94618: follow the evolution-line on the right in the diagram, the line of dorsitumid shells). As McEwan has pointed out, this and other types of the shape of brachiopodal shells may serve as reliable bases for systematical division (as was also recommended by other students); in the key to families given by McEwan (l. c, p. 620) we come, in combination with the characteristics of hinge, deltidium, foramen, shape and sculpture, to the place II-A-1-b among the Telotremata; we cannot reach the finest division as the branchial skeleton of this species is not visible.

Description: Man unterscheidet innerhalb der Anomalodesmata die interessante Gruppe r\xc3\xb6hrenbauender Pelecypoden Brechites Guettard, 1770 (= Aspergillum Lamarck, 1818), von denen etwa zwanzig Vertreter in der Jetztzeit ausschliesslich in den tropischen bis subtropischen Meeren der \xc3\xb6stlichen Halbkugel vorkommen. Diese Gattung ist in den terti\xc3\xa4ren und quart\xc3\xa4ren Ablagerungen jener Gegenden nur sp\xc3\xa4rlich repr\xc3\xa4sentiert, und es ist daher interessant, jetzt wieder eine Art dieser merkw\xc3\xbcrdigen Molluskengruppe vorliegen zu haben und zu beschreiben. Br. venustulus ist die zweite bisher beschriebene fossile Molluskenart vom nordwestlichen Borneo! Eine Uebersicht der wenigen bisher fossil beobachteten Arten gab Frl. Sieverts (1934: Foss. Brechiten a. d. ostind. Arch.1); man vergleiche dazu auch K\xc3\xbchnelt\xe2\x80\x99s Studie (1933: Bohrmuschelstud. II).\nDie bisherigen fossilen Funde schliessen sich in mehr oder weniger starkem Maasse, aber immer eng, an rezente Arten an oder sind mit ihnen identisch; die hier besprochene Form sieht dagegen mehr einer fossilen Form \xc3\xa4hnlich, n\xc3\xa4mlich der Br. pulcher fossile Sieverts, welche gleichfalls aus dem Mioc\xc3\xa4n des nordwestlichen Borneo stammt, zwar aus der Landschaft Brunei bekannt geworden ist; sie wird hier zum Vergleich nochmals, z. T., abgebildet.

Description: Diagnosis. Aplysiidae of conical form, narrower in front, wide and obliquely truncate behind. Integument more or less warty, the warts bearing villi; warts and villi being wholly retractile. Parapodia united, save for a dorsal slit; the free lobes covering the slit leave two conspicuous respiratory openings, one at the posterior and one at the anterior \'end. The posterior respiratory opening, corresponding to the mantle-siphon, lies about in the middle of the posterior disc, the anterior opening outside the disc, somewhat in front of the disc\'s anterior margin. Shell solid, hatchetshaped, the free spire calloused. Penis armed or unarmed. Radula with inconspicuous, often reduced rhachidian tooth and many laterals with long simple cusps.\nShort history of the genus Though most authors consider it, with Cuvier (1804) a discovery of Peron, that Rumphius\' animal of plate X belongs to the shell of his plate XL, this seems not true. If we compare the text on p. 38 on Limax (marina) tertia with that on p. 122-3 on the Opercula callorum, it is clear that Rumphius was speaking of the same species of mollusc, that the only mistake Schijnvoet, the editor of Rumph\'s M.S., made, was that he did not refer to p. 38 when Rumphius on p. 122 remarked: "zijnde een slach van den Limax marina". The "third operculum" lies in the flesh and looks like a ham ("schonkje van een varken", which may be a scapula, as some have interpreted it, or a ham, as Rumphius himself said on p. 38).\nAll details on the taste and smell and on the habitat are the same on p. 38 and p. 123. We may conclude that Rumphius intended the same animal, though the description of the animal and that of the shell were each

Description: A collection of samples containing algae from the salines of Bonaire was brought home by Mr P. Wagenaar Hummelinck from his trips to the Netherlands West Indian Islands in 1930 and in 1936\xe2\x80\x941937. Though these trips were chiefly undertaken in order to gather zoological material (1, 2) 1), the collector paid attention to botanical objects as well, results of which are to be found in eight earlier papers (3\xe2\x80\x9410).\nSeveral data concerning Bonaire can be learned from Mr Wagenaar Hummelinck\xe2\x80\x99s publications. The island, having an area of about 265 km2, is chiefly composed of quaternary limestone (coralrocks), which forms a large plateau in the North East and the South. The Northwestern part of the island is much higher and more indented. Klein Bonaire, having an area of only 7 km2 and situated \xc2\xbe km West of Bonaire, consists of a low limestone plateau only.

Description: Evidemment la flore algologique du Golfe de Naples a \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 \xc3\xa9tudi\xc3\xa9e, d\xe2\x80\x99assez pr\xc3\xa8s, tant du point de vue floristique que du point de vue \xc3\xa9cologique. Surtout FALKENBERG (1879), BERTHOLD (1882) et FUNK (1927) se sont occup\xc3\xa9s des investigations de cette nature. Il reste cependant un certain nombre de genres, qui demandent une \xc3\xa9tude plus approfondie. Un de ces genres est sans aucun doute Bryopsis pour laquelle il est difficile de limiter les esp\xc3\xa8ces \xc3\xa0 cause de leur grande variabilit\xc3\xa9. Voici comment HAMEL (1930) se prononce sur ce genre: \xc2\xabD\xe2\x80\x99ailleurs, les Bryopsis m\xc3\xa9diterran\xc3\xa9ens sont loin d\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xaatre connus; le peu que nous en savons est d\xc3\xbb aux observations de J. Agardh; toute leur \xc3\xa9tude serait \xc3\xa0 reprendre sur le vivant.\xc2\xbb FELDMANN (1937) y ajoute: \xc2\xabLa classification des Bryopsis est encore bien confuse. La grande variabilit\xc3\xa9 de ces algues et le peu de secours que peuvent fournir \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tude les \xc3\xa9chantillons d\xe2\x80\x99herbier rendent leur d\xc3\xa9termination tr\xc3\xa8s malais\xc3\xa9e.\xc2\xbb La Station zoologique \xc3\xa0 Naples, gr\xc3\xa2ce \xc3\xa0 la table de travail n\xc3\xa9erlandaise, a fourni une belle occasion d\xe2\x80\x99observer les Bryopsis vivants et dans leur habitats. L\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tude de l\xe2\x80\x99influence \xc3\xa9cologique des habitats a \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 rendue possible gr\xc3\xa2ce \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99aide du p\xc3\xaacheur de la Station, rameur habile et guide parfait. Vu la variabilit\xc3\xa9 des esp\xc3\xa8ces il importe de collectionner une grande quantit\xc3\xa9 d\xe2\x80\x99individus pour \xc3\xa9tudier la limitation des esp\xc3\xa8ces et pour reconna\xc3\xaetre des formes comme unit\xc3\xa9s taxonomiques. En outre, pour se faire une id\xc3\xa9e exacte des formes existantes il \xc3\xa9tait n\xc3\xa9cessaire de visiter autant d\xe2\x80\x99habitats que possible, sans n\xc3\xa9gliger les habitats voisins. Les conditions \xc3\xa9cologiques ont \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 \xc3\xa9tudi\xc3\xa9es autant que possible sur les lieux m\xc3\xaames. Finalement les \xc3\xa9piphytes des Bryopsis ont \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 d\xc3\xa9termin\xc3\xa9s, les Diatom\xc3\xa9es except\xc3\xa9es. Les observations suivantes ont \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 faites dans le Golfe int\xc3\xa9rieur de Naples du 17 avril au 1er juin 1939 pendant des journ\xc3\xa9es assez calmes et \xc3\xa0 mar\xc3\xa9e basse. Malheureusement le mauvais temps \xc3\xa0 la fin du s\xc3\xa9jour a emp\xc3\xaach\xc3\xa9 l\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tude du Golfe ext\xc3\xa9rieur.

Description: This paper contains the results of the study of the fish-collection, made by P. Wagenaar Hummelinck, on the islands of the Leeward Group and some parts of the adjacent South-American continent, in 1936\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9937 and in 1930. The latter have already been studied by Miss M. Sanders (1936) and are only included for completeness\xe2\x80\x99 sake.\nThe material has been presented to the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam.

Description: Dr. P. Wagenaar Hummelinck entrusted me with the study of 20 adult specimens of a new species of Cyathura which he collected in fresh-water springs of the limestone-region in Cura\xc3\xa7ao. These localities are described in the 1st and the 4th paper of this series.

Description: An upper molar of Anancus arvernensis (Croiz. & Job.), fished out of the Eastern Scheldt, near Ierseke, and belonging to the so-called black fossils, shows more affinity with the specimens from the English Crags than with those from Th\xc3\xbcringen. Another upper molar of the species has been dredged out of the Lower-Rhine.\nA lower molar of Archidiskodon planifrons (Falc. & Caut.) from the same locality as the first-named tooth, and displaying the same kind of fossilization has most probably been washed out of the same deposit. Also in other parts of Europe the two animals lived together in the Upper-Pliocene, prae-G\xc3\xbcnzian period. Marine Amstelian deposits being absent in the greater part of Zealand, it is highly probable that a fauna of landmammals to which also both Proboscidea, belong, thus resembling other Lower-Villafranchian faunas like those of Italy, Auvergne and the English Red Crag, also lived in Zealand when this region emerged above the sea.

Description: The Pasoemah region S of the Goemai Mts. in W. Palembang is largely occupied by Quaternary volcanics, which form a sharply dissected plateaulike country, whose surface gradually slopes downward in an ENE direction from \xc2\xb1 1000 m to \xc2\xb1 300 m above sea-level, conformably to the courses of the Selangis and Lematang Rivers above their point of confluence. Where the Lematang River unites with the Moelak River, the acid welded tuffs of the Pasoemah highland, to which attention will be drawn in this paper, are cut off by a steep bluff, formed undoubtedly by retrogressive erosion, which was substantially facilitated by the presence of vertical cleavage planes in the rhyolitic tuff series.\nIn the Goemai Mts., described elsewhere in detail by K.A.F.R. Musper (1937) and also dealt with by the present writer in a previous paper (J. Westerveld, 1941), a core of strongly folded lower-Cretaceous sediments, cut by various intrusiva, is covered unconformably by a steeply tilted series of Eogene or old-Miocene andesitic tuffs and breccias, the Lower Kikim tuffs, which again are covered with slight unconformity by the old-Miocene Upper Kikim tuffs or basal section of the Batoeradja-Telisa series. The base of the Pasoemah volcanics is generally formed by the S-ward dipping Telisa beds or upper part of the latter series; a monotonous sequence of Globigerina marls and shales with intercalated andesitic tuffs and breccias, layers of glauconitic sandstone, platy or concretionnary limestones, and occasional horizons with plant remains. Below the Quaternary tuff mantles this series unquestionably merges S-ward into the late-Miocene Lower Palembang beds, which only seem to be exposed quite locally at the bottom of the Selangis gorge NE of Pageralam (Musper, 1937, p. 41). The lower and thickest portion of the flat-lying, post-Tertiary, volcanic sequence is formed by welded rhyolitic tuffs, and the upper part by andesitic tuffs and agglomerates from the andesitic volcanoes, which border the Pasoemah highland on the W (G. Dempo), the S (the volcanoes of the Semendoh highland) and the E (the G. Isau-isau). Of these eruption points the Dempo volcano and the Semendoh volcanoes lie outside the map region.

Description: Lygosoma (Sphenomorphus) florense barbouri Dunn (Pl. VI fig. 1) Sphenomorphus florense barbouri Dunn, Amer. Mus. Nov., no. 288, 1927, p. 5, and Dunn, in: Burden, Dragon Lizards of Komodo, 1927, p. 203. 1 \xe2\x99\x82, Noil Toko, Timor, 1937, leg. P. F. van West, Mus. Leiden, reg. no. 7033. 5 \xe2\x99\x82 \xe2\x99\x82, 6 \xe2\x99\x80 \xe2\x99\x80, Timor, leg. M\xc3\xbcller & Macklot, Mus. Leiden, reg. no. 2535. 3 \xe2\x99\x82 \xe2\x99\x82, 7 \xe2\x99\x80\xe2\x99\x80,2??, Samao, leg. M\xc3\xbcller & Macklot, Mus. Leiden, reg. no. 2534.\nThese specimens are provisionally referred to the subspecies barbouri, described by Dunn from Wetar .Id. The dark colour of the throat apparently is a character dependent on age; with four exceptions all specimens of a head and body length above 51 mm have black throats or at least some black spots on the throat. Of the four exceptions three specimens have a length of less than 55 mm (cf. table 1). There is no light and dark posttympanic mark as described for the Wetar specimens by Dunn. A light vertebral stripe is present in some specimens, but absent in others. It is possible that the populations on Samao and Timor represent a distinct subspecies, but a revision of the subspecies recognized by Dunn is necessary to settle wether these all can be maintained. P1. VI fig. 1 shows the coloration in life of a black-throated specimen for which M\xc3\xbcller used the name melanopogon (Dum\xc3\xa9ril & Bibron, 1839, p. 724).\nTwo females from Timor each contained two eggs.\nLygosoma (Sphenomorphus) emigrans Lidth de Jeude 1 \xe2\x99\x82,3 \xe2\x99\x80 \xe2\x99\x80, cotypes, Soemba, leg. Dr. H. ten Kate, Mus. Leiden, reg. no. 4351. 1 \xe2\x99\x82, Kambera, Soemba, III. 1925, leg. Dr. K. W. Dammerman, Zool. Mus. Amsterdam. 1 \xe2\x99\x80, Pajeti, Soemba, leg. P. J. Lambooij, Zool. Mus. Amsterdam. 1 \xe2\x99\x82, 1 \xe2\x99\x80, Samao, leg. S. M\xc3\xbcller, Mus. Leiden, reg. no. 2600.

Description: When rearranging a part of the collections of Orthoptera in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden I found a number of specimens belonging to this tribus, which by former authors is considered as a separate subfamily with the name Eumegalodontinae (Kirby, 1906, p. 289; Caudell, 1927, p. 30). With Karny I think it justified to let it retain its place as a tribe of the Copiphorinae.\nThe representatives of this group are of such a remarkable shape that they can easily be recognized among the other Copiphorinae by their relatively big head and strangely shaped prothorax, which bears strongly spined lateral processes on the disc.\nThe species under consideration can be divided into two groups, in the one of these the specimens possess a number of thorns on the fore and middle femora dorsally and ventrally. In this first group the following species are placed: Megalodon ensifer Brull\xc3\xa9 (1835) Lesina lutescens Walker (1869) Eumegalodon vaginatus Karny (1923) Eumegalodon intermedius Karny (1923) Lesina karnyi nov. spec., described below.\nIn the second group the dorsal surface of the fore and middle femora is devoid of spines, the ventral surface only bears a number of thorns. This group contains only one species: Megalodon blanchardi Brongniart (1890).\nThe generic names have been used differently by various authors.\nBrongniart (1892 a) established the name Eumegalodon for Megalodon

Description: In the course of 1941 I studied a great number of Hydroida from various northern localities present in the collections of the Zoological Museum at Amsterdam. Most of these collections were made by trawlers from IJmuiden and for the greater part presented to the Museum by Mr. F. P. Vermeulen. They are from localities which are accurately known.\nMoreover, several samples of Hydroida are present in those collections, which were taken in the neighbourhood of Iceland, either by trawlers from IJmuiden or by Dr. J. Metzelaar and Dr. H. Engel. They were all sent to Dr. P. L. Kramp in 1938, who examined them for his list of Hydroida in "The Zoology of Iceland", vol. 2, pt. 5a. Most of these samples returned identified, but some bottles were returned unnamed from the Zoological Museum at Copenhagen. They contained several interesting species, some of which are not mentioned in Kramp\'s list. Only one sample contained some dried specimens, nevertheless in good condition (Iceland, near the south coast, 100 fms., J. Metzelaar and H. Engel, July, 1920). They were softened for determination and are now preserved in alcohol.\nIn addition to these Hydroida I studied several samples of Hydroida from corresponding localities present in the collections of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden. One of these samples is of great interest, viz., the Hydroida collected near Waigatsch on August 17, 1882 by J. Mar.\nRuys. These Hydroida were presented to the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie by Prof. Dr. H. J. Lam. the director of the Rijksherbarium at Leiden, they had been sorted out of the collections of this institution by Miss Dr. Jos. Th. Koster, custodian of the algae of the Rijksherbarium from among plants collected near the same locality.

Description: INTRODUCTION\nThis paper is to be regarded as a continuation of my previous publication (Verseveldt, 1940 1)). Some three species, sufficient material of which for an anatomical examination was available, had then to remain undiscussed; they are: Semperina rubra K\xc3\xb611., Anthothela macrocalyx (Nutt.) (= Suberia macrocalyx Nutting (1911) = Semperina macrocalyx (Nutt.) Kukenthal (1919)) and Sibogagorgia weberi Stiasny, which species have been examined by me in the same way as formerly the others.\nIt has become clear to me that the second of the species mentioned cannot be considered as belonging either to the genus Suberia Studer or the genus Semperina K\xc3\xb611. A close relationship with Anthothela grandiflora (M.\nSors) caused me to decide on the name Anthothela macrocalyx (Nutt.) (cf. chapter II, \xc2\xa7 8).\nThe results of my investigations make it necessary to refer to my views previously mentioned (Verseveldt, 1940) with regard to the canal system and the taxonomy. For both in Semperina rubra and Sibogagorgia weberi the canal system differs in some degree from that of the species examined before. For we see that in the medulla in the tips of the branches of Semperina rubra there do occur many small and even a single large solenium, whereas for the family Anthothelidae Broch I rejected the presence of medullary canals in the terminal parts. So while in all the species examined up till now the medullary canals cease somewhere in apical direction, in Semperina rubra we find them even as far as in, the ends of the branches. In my opinion this is not of radical importance, 1\xc2\xb0 because the larger medullary canals, which in the more basal parts occur in larger num-

Description: I. Trisula celebensis nov. spec. (Pl. I fig. 5 \xe2\x99\x82). \xe2\x99\x82. A large species, near T. variegata Moore in Horsfield-Moore (Cat. &c., II, 1858\xe2\x80\x9459, p. 420, \xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x80, pl. 12a fig. I \xe2\x99\x82, pl. 22 fig. I (larva), Ia (pupa): India). General coloration, however, more variegated, vivid, light greyish brown, with a slight coppery gloss, mixed with white on forewing chiefly near middle of costa. Transversal lines on forewing darker, strongly dentate and curved, the outer forming an irregular, black, subapical streak. Reniform irregularly circular. Hindwings greyish, with dark cloudy bands, a dark patch on dc and with some reddish brown and light grey near anal angle.\nUnderside paler, both wings darker clouded with broad bands and a black patch on dc.\nPalpi yellowish brown, except the tip which is darker; pectus yellowish brown, abdomen nearly white. \xe2\x99\x80 unknown. 2 \xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x82, holo- and paratypus, 75 and 80 mm, both from Sidaonta, Palu, W-.Celebes, 7. 37, leg. Kalis, coll. Wageningen.\nThe genus Trisula Moore, till now, only contains two species, viz. the above mentioned variegata Moore from India and Ceylon, and the smaller T. dudgeoni Hps. (Hampson, Moths, IV, 1896, p. 530, \xe2\x99\x82) from Bhutan.\nIt is, therefore, interesting here to record a third species from Central Celebes, which replaces the continental variegata in this island. 2. Acronycta ardjuna nov. spec. (Pl. II fig. 5 \xe2\x99\x82). \xe2\x99\x82. A distinct species, easily separable from all other known species of this genus by its general appearance. Forewings white, with prominent

Description: My revision of the Burseraceae in Pulle\xe2\x80\x99s Flora of Suriname is extended here to a monographic treatment of those Burseraceous genera of which representatives occur in Suriname. Engler\xe2\x80\x99s monograph of this family dates from nearly sixty years ago, and since that time many new species have been published. These additions and the large number of minor and major problems which presented themselves, doubtless justify the publication of this study. I am bound to admit however that not all problems could be solved.\nThe present paper is divided into a General Part and a Taxonomic Part. The critical remarks concerning the whole family and its tribes are dealt with in the General Part, and those referring to the separate genera and species are to be found in the appropriate place in the Taxonomic Part; to the former is added a list of general literature, and to the latter a list of collectors\xe2\x80\x99 numbers and indices of vernacular and scientific names.

Description: In the year 1930 Mr P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK, Utrecht, made a trip to the Netherlands West Indian Islands of Cura\xc3\xa7ao, Bonaire and Aruba with the intention of collecting zoological objects and of gathering data of zoogeographical interest (see lit. 8). In the years 1936\xe2\x80\x9437 he again collected in these islands and, moreover, visited the islands of Margarita and Los Testigos off the coast of Venezuela, the Venezuelan peninsula Paraguan\xc3\xa1 and the Colombian peninsula La Goajira. To get a better impression of ecological circumstances in pools and puddles of which a zoological inventory was made, he also gathered Algae and floating and submerged Phanerogams occurring in the collecting stations. On the collector\xe2\x80\x99s request the present author made a study of the aquatic Phanerogams, which gave rise to some critical notes. As, moreover, several new localities were discovered and a series of ecological particulars were given by the collector, a complete enumeration of the collected specimens may follow. The specimens were preserved in small collecting bottles in alcohol and in formaline and are now inserted both in the Rijksherbarium at Leiden and in the University Herbarium at Utrecht.

Description: Originally it had been my intention to write a monograph of the Melastomataceae occurring in the Malay Archipelago. Owing to difficulties caused by the development of the political situation it was impossible for me, to carry out this plan to its full extent. As the important collections of the Herbarium of the Buitenzorg Botanical Garden could not be consulted and as most foreign herbaria too were inaccessible, I had to restrict myself almost entirely to the study of the collections preserved in the Utrecht and Leyden Herbaria. These however, though not so rich as those of the Buitenzorg herbarium, are very important, especially by the large number of type specimens. Of the great number of species described from parts of the Malay Archipelago outside the Dutch influence sphere, the types themselves could as a rule not be examined, and duplicates too were but rarely available. For this reason I was forced to restrict my endeavours almost entirely to the examination of the material collected in the parts known as the Netherlands East Indies. However, all genera known from the malayan region, for so far as they are in my opinion well-defined, have been incorporated in my keys.\nA detailed study of the Netherlands East Indian species was possible for me, as almost all important types are present in the Leyden and Utrecht Herbaria. The Melastomataceae especially those from Sumatra, Java and New Guinea are richly represented in these collections. Borneo, Celebes and the Lesser Sunda Islands probably would yield interesting results. The rich collections obtained from British North Borneo and Sarawak make it probable that the harvest obtained from the Netherlands part of Borneo will also contain many new and interesting forms, but of these collections but a small part has been distributed so far by the Buitenzorg herbarium.