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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2024-04-28
    Description: Many shallow coastal systems experience diel fluctuations in dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH that can intensify throughout the summer season and expose estuarine organisms to repeated episodes of coastal hypoxia and acidification. In temperate regions, larval release of the economically important blue crab Callinectes sapidus occurs in the summer, and while the earliest stage (zoea I) larvae are susceptible to persistent low DO and low pH conditions, their sensitivity to diel fluctuations is unknown. Here, a series of short-term (〈=96 h) experiments were conducted to investigate the survival of C. sapidus zoea I larvae exposed to a range of diel cycling hypoxic and acidified conditions and durations. Two experiments comparing a diel cycling DO/pH treatment (fluctuating from 30% air saturation to 103% averaging 66%/and from pH 7.26 to 7.80 averaging 7.53) to a static low DO/pH treatment (43%/7.35), a static moderate DO/pH treatment (68%/7.59), and a static control treatment (106%/7.94) indicated that survival in the diel cycling treatment was significantly lower than the moderate treatment (p 〈 0.05) by 75 and 48% over 96 and 48 h, respectively, despite comparable mean experimental DO/pH values. Three other experiments aimed at identifying the effective minimum duration of low DO/low pH to significantly depress larval survival under diel cycling conditions revealed that 8 h of low DO/low pH (28%/7.43) over a 24-h diel cycle consistently decreased survival (p 〈 0.05) relative to control conditions by at least 55% regardless of experimental duration (72-, 48-, and 24-h experiments). An increase in DO beyond saturation to supersaturation (160%) and pH beyond normocapnic to highly basified (8.34) conditions during the day phase of the diel cycle did not improve survival of larvae exposed to nocturnal hypoxia and acidification. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate that diel cycling does not provide newly hatched C. sapidus larvae a temporal refuge capable of ameliorating low DO/pH stress, but rather is more lethal than chronic exposure to comparable average DO/pH conditions. Given that larvae exposed to a single nocturnal episode of moderate hypoxia and acidification experience significantly reduced survival, such occurrences may depress larval recruitment.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Arthropoda; Bicarbonate ion; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Callinectes sapidus; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; EXP; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Laboratory experiment; Mortality/Survival; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Oxygen; Oxygen, dissolved; Oxygen, dissolved, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Registration number of species; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Shinnecock_Bay_OA; Single species; Species; Survival; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Zooplankton
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3032 data points
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2024-04-28
    Description: Coastal zones can be focal points of acidification where the influx of atmospheric CO2 can be compounded by additional sources of acidity that may collectively impair calcifying organisms. While the photosynthetic action of macrophytes may buffer against coastal ocean acidification, such activity has not been well-studied, particularly among aquacultured seaweeds. Here, we report on field and laboratory experiments performed with North Atlantic populations of juvenile hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) grown with and without increased CO2 and with and without North Atlantic kelp (Saccharina latissima) over a range of aquaculture densities (0.3 – 2 g/L). In all laboratory experiments, exposure to elevated pCO2 (〉1,800 µatm) resulted in significantly reduced shell- and/or tissue-based growth rates of bivalves relative to control conditions. This impairment was fully mitigated when bivalves were exposed to the same acidification source but also co-cultured with kelp. Saturation states of aragonite were transformed from undersaturated to saturated in the acidification treatments with kelp present, while the acidification treatments remained undersaturated. In a field experiment, oysters grown near aquacultured kelp were exposed to higher pH waters and experienced significantly faster shell and tissue based growth rates compared to individuals grown at sites away from kelp. Collectively, these results suggest that photosynthesis by S. latissima grown at densities associated with aquaculture increased pH and decreased pCO2, fostering a carbonate chemistry regime that maximized the growth of juvenile bivalves. As S. latissima has been shown to benefit from increased CO2, growing bivalves and kelp together under current or future acidification scenarios may be a synergistically beneficial integrated, multi-trophic aquaculture approach.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chromista; Coast and continental shelf; Crassostrea virginica; Experiment; Field experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Growth rate, standard deviation; Laboratory experiment; Mercenaria mercenaria; Mollusca; Mytilus edulis; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Ochrophyta; Other; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Saccharina latissima; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); Species interaction; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment; Type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1074 data points
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2024-04-27
    Description: Peatlands store and emit large amounts of greenhouse gases. With the climate changing due to global warming, measuring these emissions helps to get a better understanding of the role of peatlands in the global carbon cycle. Measurements at a bog site of the Siikaneva peatland show that the emissions vary along the different microtopographies shaped by their vegetation and ground water level. To upscale these measurements, a supervised classification of the study area was implemented in this study by testing a method that uses high-resolution multispectral aerial imagery, captured by a UAV (Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle), and a Random Forest classifier. A cohesive orthomosaic of the study area was produced, training data were generated to adjust the Random Forest model, and the study area was classified. The results show that the applied methods were successful in generating a multispectral orthomosaic as well as a classified raster of the study area. A mean classification accuracy of 75.7 % was achieved, which can be considered as a good result. Misclassification rates of neighboring microtopographies with similar vegetation could be mitigated by utilizing a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensor in further studies.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Thesis , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 14
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    Comisión Colombiana del Océano | Bogotá D.C., Colombia
    Publication Date: 2024-04-27
    Description: Hace tres años atrás el Comité Técnico Nacional de Coordinación de Datos e Información Oceánicos (CTN Diocean) de la Comisión Colombiana del Océano (CCO), estableció un plan de trabajo que abarca cinco años de actividades institucionales para fortalecer la gestión de estos importantes activos del país. Para entonces se tuvieron en cuenta diferentes estrategias como línea base para definir las tareas a desarrollar, y en la actualidad es gratificante para miembros e invitados permanentes confirmar, que lo planeado sigue vigente y acorde con los desafíos del ‘Decenio de las Ciencias Oceánicas para el Desarrollo Sostenible’, las necesidades de la comunidad y los recientes lineamientos de política nacionales e internacionales. En el presente número del Boletín CTN Diocean, se destacan entre otros, dos reconocimientos logrados en el nivel internacional por parte de instituciones que hacen parte del comité y que le aportan al fortalecimiento de la gestión de datos oceánicos de Colombia: el primero, los datos abiertos oceanográficos como una actividad del ‘Decenio de las Ciencias Oceánicas para el Desarrollo Sostenible’ de la Comisión Oceanográfica Intergubernamental (COI); y el segundo, la copresidencia para el periodo entre sesiones 2023-2025 del programa para el Intercambio Internacional de Datos Oceanográficos (COI-IODE) junto con Suecia, en el marco de la cual se inició la asesoría con nuestros hermanos panameños en la materia.
    Description: Published
    Description: Not Known
    Keywords: Acceso abierto ; Usuario de información ; Gestión de la información ; Base de datos ; Sistema de información ; Organización y gestión ; ASFA_2015::G::Geographic information systems ; ASFA_2015::I::Information centres ; ASFA_2015::D::Databases ; ASFA_2015::I::Information handling
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 29
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  • 15
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais
    Publication Date: 2024-04-27
    Description: The freshwater ichthyofauna is largely threatened by the anthropogenic impacts in these ecosystems. The climatic changes caused by human actions and dams’ constructions concerningly affects the freshwater fishes, including its biotic interactions network. Thus, this work aimed at evaluating the Upper Paraná River floodplain’s (UPRF) ichthyofauna under the impacts caused by climate changes, years of extreme drought an extreme flood, and under the impacts caused by the construction of an upstream dam, the Sérgio Motta Hydroelectric Power Plant, Brazil. The sampled years were classified in extreme drought, neutral and extreme flood, according to the predominant characteristics of its hydrological regime, and in pré-damming years, before the upstream hydroelectric power plant construction and reservoir’s flooding, and post-damming years. The abiotic and hydrometric variables were concurrently sampled with the abundance of fish species, allowing to exclude the environmental variables’ effects over the species’ cooccurrence, using multivariate generalized linear models with latent variables. The force of the interspecific biotic interactions was obtained through cooccurrence values for each pair of species, visualized through negative, neutral, and positive values. Regarding the results involving the hydrological regime influence, it was observed differences between drought, neutral and flood years, with stronger cooccurrence values between the UPRF’s ichthyofauna in drought years (for positive and negative values). Regarding the results involving the construction of the UPRF’s upstream dam, it was observed differences comparing the pré-damming and post-damming years cooccurrence patters, with predominantly positive values in post-damming years, and predominantly neutral cooccurrences in pré-damming years. These work results indicate the increment of the cooccurrence values between a floodplain’s fish species due to extreme droughts and upstream dams’ constructions, once the cooccurrence values were more intense under these conditions. Stands out the importance of biotic interactions for the elaboration of management plans and freshwater species conservation in response to anthropogenic actions.
    Description: A ictiofauna de ambientes de água doce se encontra amplamente ameaçada por ações antrópicas. As mudanças climáticas e a construção de barragens afetam os peixes de água doce e suas redes de interações bióticas. Neste contexto, este estudo avaliou a ictiofauna da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná (PIARP) sob os impactos de mudanças climáticas, épocas de secas e cheias extremas, e sob os impactos causados pela construção de uma barragem a montante, a Usina Hidrelétrica Sérgio Motta, Brasil. Os anos amostrados foram classificados em anos de seca extrema, neutros e de cheia extrema, de acordo com as condições predominantes de seu regime hidrológico, e em anos de pré-barramento, antes da construção e inundação do reservatório da usina hidrelétrica a montante, e pós-barramento. As variáveis abióticas e variáveis hidrométricas foram amostradas concomitantemente com a abundância das espécies de peixe, permitindo excluir o efeito das variáveis ambientais sobre a ocorrência das espécies, com o uso de modelos lineares generalizados multivariados de variáveis latentes. Obteve-se a força das interações bióticas interespecíficas pelos valores de coocorrência, positivos ou negativos, entre cada par de espécies. Com relação aos resultados envolvendo a influência dos regimes hidrológicos, foram encontradas diferenças nos valores médios de coocorrência entre anos de seca extrema, anos neutros e anos de cheia extrema, indicando que os valores de coocorrência são mais fortes entre a ictiofauna da PIARP (tanto interações positivas quanto negativas) em anos de seca. Para os efeitos da construção da barragem a montante da PIARP, observou-se diferenças entre os padrões de coocorrência de espécies antes e após a sua construção, indicando valores de coocorrência predominantemente positivos no período pós-barramento, e coocorrências predominantemente neutras no período pré-barramento. Os resultados indicam incremento nos padrões de coocorrência entre as espécies de peixes da planície de inundação frente secas extremas e construção de barragens a montante, uma vez que os valores de coocorrência foram mais intensos sob essas condições. Destaca-se a importância das interações bióticas em resposta às ações antrópicas para a elaboração de planos de manejo e para a conservação das espécies de peixes de água doce.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Interações bióticas ; Ações antrópicas ; Coocorrência de espécies ; Variáveis ambientais ; Variáveis hidrométricas ; Generalized linear latent variable models (GLLVM) ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::I::Interactions ; ASFA_2015::A::Anthropogenic factors ; ASFA_2015::S::Species diversity ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental factors ; ASFA_2015::H::Hydrometers
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 71pp.
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  • 16
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    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 196-220
    Publication Date: 2024-04-27
    Description: Trunk disease fungal pathogens reduce olive production globally by causing cankers, dieback, and other decline-related symptoms on olive trees. Very few fungi have been reported in association with olive dieback and decline in South Africa. Many of the fungal species reported from symptomatic olive trees in other countries have broad host ranges and are known to occur on other woody host plants in the Western Cape province, the main olive production region of South Africa. This survey investigated the diversity of fungi and symptoms associated with olive dieback and decline in South Africa. Isolations were made from internal wood symptoms of 145 European and 42 wild olive trees sampled in 10 and 9 districts, respectively. A total of 99 taxa were identified among 440 fungal isolates using combinations of morphological and molecular techniques. A new species of Pseudophaeomoniella, P. globosa, had the highest incidence, being recovered from 42.8 % of European and 54.8 % of wild olive samples. This species was recovered from 9 of the 10 districts where European olive trees were sampled and from all districts where wild olive trees were sampled. Members of the Phaeomoniellales (mainly P. globosa) were the most prevalent fungi in five of the seven symptom types considered, the only exceptions being twig dieback, where members of the Botryosphaeriaceae were more common, and soft/white rot where only Basidiomycota were recovered. Several of the species identified are known as pathogens of olives or other woody crops either in South Africa or elsewhere in the world, including species of Neofusicoccum, Phaeoacremonium, and Pleurostoma richardsiae. However, 81 of the 99 taxa identified have not previously been recorded on olive trees and have unknown interactions with this host. These taxa include one new genus and several putative new species, of which four are formally described as Celerioriella umnquma sp. nov., Pseudophaeomoniella globosa sp. nov., Vredendaliella oleae gen. & sp. nov., and Xenocylindrosporium margaritarum sp. nov.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Celerioriella ; five new taxa ; Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata ; Olea europaea subsp. europaea ; phylogenetics ; Pseudophaeomoniella ; taxonomy ; Vredendaliella ; Xenocylindrosporium
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 17
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    In:  RIFS Blog, 06.03.2023
    Publication Date: 2024-04-27
    Description: Digitalisation has transformed the way we communicate and collaborate with friends, family, and colleagues. In a similar vein, digitalisation in industry – the so-called industry 4.0 – is expected to transform the way firms and their suppliers collaborate in global supply chains. Considering that 25 percent of global emissions in 2021 were generated by industry (IEA): Can industry 4.0 play a role in greening industrial supply chains? Researchers at the Research Institute for Sustainability (RIFS) at the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam explored the opportunities and risks of digital supply chains for environmental sustainability. In short: sustainability does not simply occur as a by-product of digitalization. Firms should aim to increase sustainability levels in their supply chain – whether through digital or non-digital means.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 18
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    In:  RIFS Blog, 09.01.2023
    Publication Date: 2024-04-27
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 19
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    In:  RIFS Blog, 26.01.2023
    Publication Date: 2024-04-27
    Description: What to expect of the incoming Lula government’s environmental policy
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2024-04-27
    Description: As we start off the new year and set our sights on new goals and projects, we also want to take stock of the many activities and achievements of the RIFS “Justice in Sustainability” focal topic team during 2022.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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