ALBERT

Description: These data have been obtained on two cores ARA04C/37 (70°38.0212'N, 139°22.0749'W; 1173 m) and JPC15 (71°06.222'N, 135°08.129'W; 690 m). The datasets contain thermal maturity proxies, specifically of Carbon Preference Index (CPI), fractional abundance of homohopane isomer C31ββR, and Tmax, and OI, HI from the Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Additionally, compound-specific radiocarbon concentrations of bulk organic carbon and long-chain n-alkanoic acids with 26 and 28 carbon atoms have been measured and expressed as F14C with a 1 sigma uncertainty, and counts of Pediastrum spp. An additional dataset contains carbon cycle model simulations using the box model BICYCLE to describe the effect of CO2 release from deglacial terrestrial organic carbon release.

Description: This collection contains four datasets on (1) chlorophyll a and phaeopigment concentrations, (2) nitrogen and organic carbon contents, (3) sediment oxygen uptakes and benthic boundary fluxes at the sediment-water interface and (4) macrofaunal abundance and biodiversity in sediments in the Canadian Arctic in 2008 and 2009. Data have been produced for a PhD thesis based on samples taken during the following expeditions: - Circumpolar Flaw Lead Study, Legs 9-10 - ArcticNet expedition 2008, Leg 11 (http://www.arcticnet.ulaval.ca/docs/2008_Amundsen_Expedition_Report.pdf) - ArcticNet expedition 2009, Leg 4 (http://www.arcticnet.ulaval.ca/docs/2009_Amundsen_Expedition_Report.pdf) - Malina expedition 2009 (Malina http://malina.obs-vlfr.fr/index.html; http://www.arcticnet.ulaval.ca/docs/2009_Amundsen_Expedition_Report.pdf) In general, sediment retrieved with a giant box corer were used to determine benthic boundary fluxes (oxygen, silicic acid, phosphate, nitrate, ammonium) in incubation chambers, as well as sediment pigment concentration from seperate cores, to study the effect of environmental conditions on benthic ecosystem functions. Parts of the data available in this collection have been analysed for addressing various ecological questions in spatial and temporal context in the publications listed below. A general description of the study region can be found in Link et al. 2013 (POne). Please download the metadata and methods file for more details.

Description: This dataset contains hydrographical, biogeochemical and bioptical data from four field campaigns to the Mackenzie Delta region from spring to fall in 2019. Focus of the sampling was put on surface waters to compare with satellite imagery and capture the signal of the Mackenzie River water throughout the coastal waters of the Beaufort Sea. The water samples for the biogeochemical data were taken using pumps or niskin bottles. The repeated sampling focused on the two main outflow regions of the Mackenzie River: Shallow Bay and Mackenzie Bay in the west and Kugmallit Bay in the east as well as on the river channels across the delta. Most sampling locations were revisited four times. Sampling during different seasons was extremely challenging in this region due to uncertain ice cover and broken ice fields during and after ice break-up. Additionally, very shallow water (〈5 m) mandates the use of small draught boats, which was challenging under frequently harsh weather conditions. To tackle these challenges, various sampling platforms were used such as small boats, trucks, ski-doos and hovering helicopter. The campaigns were carried out under the umbrella of the EU Horizon 2020 project Nunataryuk.

Description: The database reports the results of bulk rock geochemical measurements realized on 105 ultramafic lithologies (harzburgites and dunites) samples collected from Holes CM1A (46 samples) and CM2B (59 samples) drilled in the Wadi Tayin massif in the SE of the ophiolite during Phase 2 of the ICDP OmanDP (Nov. 2017-Jan. 2018) (Kelemen et al. [2020]). The studied samples were selected following two strategies. First, a homogeneous sample was selected every 10 m downhole cores during the OmanDP Phase 2 drilling operations, onsite in Oman, in order to get a petrological and geochemical overview continuously along the cores. Second, additional samples have been selected during the daily ChikyuOman Leg 3 sampling meetings in consultation with the core description teams, to focus on more specific facies or levels. These samples are referred to as onsite samples and shipboard samples respectively. Adjacent to each onsite and shipboard sample an oriented thin section billet was taken for mineralogical and lithological characterization. Geochemical data of onsite and shipboard samples were measured both aboard the D/V Chikyu during the ChikyuOman Phase 2 Leg 3 for major element and volatile contents for part of the samples, and at Institute of Earth Science, Academia Sinica, Taiwan (IES-AS), the University of Edinburgh, Scotland (EU), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France (TU), and Niigata University, Japan (NU) for trace element contents and additional major element and volatile contents. The purpose of the study was to obtain a high-density and high analytical quality bulk geochemical characterization along continuous cores recovered from OmanDP Holes CM1A and CM2B, from the crust to the mantle through the crust-mantle transition zone. Loss on ignition (LOI) of all onsite and shipboard samples were determined onboard the D/V Chikyu, using the OHTI (Ocean High Technology Institute, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) motion compensated balance system into a pre-weighed ceramic crucible using a spatula (that was never in contact with lithium metaborate flux). Duplicate LOI measurements were done on the onsite samples at EU, following the same steps and procedures. Major element abundances (wt.% oxides) in powdered rock samples were determined using the RIGAKU Supermini wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer equipped with a 200 W Pd anode tube at 50 kV and 4 mA onboard DV Chikyu during OmanDP Phase 2 Leg 3. Major element analyses were determined to be acceptable if the sum of the anhydrous oxide concentrations totaled to between 99 and 101 wt.%. Precision and accuracy are better than 2.5 % for all oxides except for TiO2 for reference materials DTS-2B and JP-1 (better than 11%) and Na2O, P2O5 and K2O for JGb-2 (3.40, 17.60, and 7.49% respectively). Duplicates of onsite samples whole rock major element analyses were performed at EU, using the Panalytical PW2404 wavelength-dispersive sequential X-ray spectrometer. Gas chromatographic separation was undertaken on non-ignited powders to determine their volatile element contents (total carbon, CTotal and water recalculated from hydrogen) using the Thermo Finnigan™ FlashEA® 1112 elemental analyzers (EA) onboard D/V Chikyu. Whole rock trace element analyses were measured by ICP-MS using acid digestion of powder samples after ChikyuOman 2018 Leg 3. Sample powders were divided into three batches. One batch was sent to each IES-AS, TU and NU laboratory for trace element measurements. The measurements were conducted at IES-AS using an Agilent 7500s inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometer (ICP‐MS); at TU using a Thermo Scientific™ Element XR™ HR-ICP-MS; and at NU using Yokogawa HP4500 ICP-MS. To compare the accuracy and the precision in the three different laboratories, trace element measurements were performed on a selection of duplicate samples, and on the same reference materials (DTS-2B and JP-1a).

Description: Palynological and sedimentological analyses were performed on the sediment core HH16-1205-GC retrieved from the central Isfjorden, West Spitsbergen in order to retrace the climate of the last 7000 years. The record revealed an overall cooling trend with an important climate shift between 4.4 and 3.8 cal. ka BP, and millennial-scale oscillations. Over the last 7000 years, sea-surface reconstruction from dinocyst assemblages indicates a decrease in summer sea-surface temperature, from 2.5 to 1.5 °C, and primary productivity, from 750 to 650 gC m-² a-1. Predominant sediment supply from the inner part of the fjord, ice rafting, dense sea-ice cover, strongly stratified water masses, and high primary productivity is observed in the sedimentological and palynological data between 6.8 and 5.8 cal. ka BP. The interval from 4.4 to 3.8 cal. ka BP is marked by a layer of coarser material followed by a significant decrease in the grain size mode, as well as changes in geochemical properties. large-amplitude fluctuations is observed in our geochemical data after 2.0 cal. ka BP, while an increase of the dinocysts Impagidinium pallidum and Spiniferites elongatus from 2.0 to 1.2 cal. ka BP suggests enhanced Atlantic Water inflow. The sea surface conditions reconstructions and XRF ratios also reveal large-amplitude millennial fluctuations. Wavelet analysis and cross-wavelet analysis performed on multiple variables confirm a strong cyclic signal with a periodicity of 1200 to 1500 years.

Description: Sediments and rocks recovered in CRP-1 coring operations contain relatively little organic matter (average 0.4% TOC) and very small amounts of solvent-soluble organic matter ( average 60 µg bitumen/g rock). The kerogen recovered from these rocks has atomic H:C ratios that range from 0.7 to 1.0 and atomic O:C ratios that range from 0.14-0.22. This range of values could be produced by mixing coal detritus with aquatic organic matter. Coal with the O:C ratios necessary to produce the kerogen present in the CRP-1 samples occurs in outcrops of the Permian Beacon Supergroup proximal to the drillsite.

Description: The XRD data has been gained from pulverized and homogenized samples of every 5 cm by KOPRI personal at KOPRI and University of Tromsoe sampling parties. XRD raw measurements were run at Crystallography, Geosciences, University of Bremen in 2018-2020. Measurement conditions: Philips X'Pert Diffractometer, Cu radiation, fixed divergence, secoundary Ni filter, 3-85 ° 2theta, 0.0016° step size, 100 sec calculated step time. XRD mineral assemblage determination were subsequently gained through the QUAX full pattern quantitative determination software (see Vogt et al. 2002 at Pangaea methods wiki). The software allows for differentiation of all minerals. Here, the Fe-oxides and hydroxides were in the focus of the research manuscript. A QXRD investigation allows for not only identification of mineral content but also for detailing authigenic vs. allochthonous minerals, transport of detrital input to the sediment core and the interpretation of the transport processes and the local environment as well as the paleoceanographic reconstruction of the region. Sediment ages are given through the below mentioned data sets. A series of fjord surface sediments were collected from various Svalbard fjord systems during expeditions of RV Helmer Hanssen from UiT The Arctic University of Norway between 2012 and 2019 (Fig. 1). Four gravity cores were retrieved along a 150 km long N‒S transect from the continental shelf off northern Svalbard to the innermost Wijdefjorden: core HH17-1085-GC (hereafter 1085; 80.27°N, 16.21°E, 322 m water depth; continental shelf), HH17-1094-GC (hereafter 1094; 79.74°N, 15.42°E, 148 m water depth; fjord mouth), HH17-1100-GC (hereafter 1100; 79.30°N, 15.78°E, 112 m water depth; central fjord), and HH17-1106-GC (hereafter 1106; 79.00°N, 16.21°E, 160 m water depth; inner fjord)

Description: Sediments and rocks recovered in CRP-2/2A coring operations contain relatively little organic matter (average TOC=0.28%) and very small amounts of solvent-soluble organic matter. Because Early Oligocene sediment included significant amounts of coal detritus, TOC values are higher in Early Oligocene rocks than in younger rocks. TOC values are highest in the fine-grained rocks deposited as part of the highstand systems tract (HST) and TOC values decrease from the bottom to the top of the HST. The TOC:TN ratios observed in the CRP-2/2A core typically exceed 10, and are strong evidence that the preserved organic matter comprises a mixture of detrital coal and aquatic organic matter. Solvent-soluble organic matter comprises autochthonous bitumen derived from aquatic organic matter, allochthonous bitumen derived from deeper sedimentary rocks, and recycled bitumen derived from coal detritus.