ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (993)
  • Oxford University Press
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (993)
Collection
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Journal
Topic
  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Calculations of effectiveness factors and the criteria of mass transfer effect for high-temperature methanation (HTM) catalyst (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: Natural gas is an extremely important bridge fuel to a low-carbon energy economy for improving local air quality. Coal to synthetic natural gas (SNG) is an effective way to convert the high-carbon energy (coal) into the low-carbon energy with rich hydrogen (natural gas). For the modern coal to SNG industry, the high-temperature methanation (HTM) catalyst plays an important role, and the advanced evaluation process should necessitate the elimination of mass transfer effect. Some simple but effective model catalysts, such as slab and sphere, can be very helpful in defining the reaction conditions, and thus facilitating the evaluation process for real HTM catalysts. In this work, slab and sphere model catalysts were adopted to derive mass transfer and reaction-coupled equations, the numerical methods were used to solve the coupled equations for the concentration profiles in catalysts, and the effectiveness factors were accordingly calculated. By taking advantage of the Thiele module and the Weisz–Prater module , the criteria for the elimination of mass transfer effect in the HTM catalyst evaluation process were successfully defined. This work also complements the Weisz–Prater criterion by incorporating ‘negative reaction orders’.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A novel low-carbon space conditioning system incorporating phase-change materials and earth-air heat exchangers (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: The energy expended for conditioning buildings around the world is worryingly large and increasing every year. Currently, almost half of houses around the world use some type of energy-expensive conventional air-conditioning system. These systems are high emitters of gases such as carbon dioxide and so high contributors to climate change. Consequently, alternatives must be considered. Earth–air heat exchangers (EAHEs) and phase-change materials (PCMs) may be options; they have, however, limitations. This paper proposes a novel hybrid space-conditioning system combining EAHEs with PCMs, which uses surfaces as sources of heating or cooling to provide better temperature distribution across a space and comfort enhancement with low energy use. The idea is to use an EAHE to provide cool air to discharge the PCM, consequently helping to overcome most of the limitations of both strategies. Two of a series of experiments undertaken to test the proposed system are reported in this article. The EAHE + PCM system compared with a reference room could decrease temperature swings by up to 47%. The system was proved to work although further work is required to make it commercially viable.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    3D analysis of the incident diffuse irradiance on the building's surfaces in an urban environment (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: The design of a future building with very high-energy efficiency demands from the architect to study the available solar resources in this urban environment. The purpose of the presented methodology is to study the variations in all components of the incident solar radiation daily, monthly and seasonally for all building facades. This is realized in the computer program 3D–SOLARIA. In the focus of the paper is the estimation of the background component of the incident diffuse solar irradiation on a building facade under orthogonally obstructed sky, using anisotropic sky view factors.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An integrated approach for sustainable design and assessment of residential building envelope: part I (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: The assessment of building envelope sustainability using existing building performance assessment methods is still a challenge and yet to be fully addressed. This is due to the single-dimensional nature and lack of integration of sustainable performance values. Besides, the issue of sustainability assessment in the building envelope requires considering many factors including life cycle considerations. As such, in an effort to develop an integrated approach that combines relevant sustainable development factors and life cycles, an integrated performance model (IPM) was developed. The IPM is an essential tool developed to aid the sustainable design of the residential building envelope that can reduce carbon emission and whole residential building energy consumption and ensure sustainable performance of the building envelope.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Towards the generation of distributed electric power: self-consumption with net balance (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: The results and considerations on one self-consumption photovoltaic installation with net balance in Granada (South of Spain) are presented and discussed in this paper. The use of the building (one faculty) makes it optimal for this kind of consumption. Finally, the potential benefits and problems of self-consumption with net balance are presented.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Numerical investigation of turbulent flow heat transfer and pressure drop of AL2O3/water nanofluid in helically coiled tubes (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: Passive convective heat transfer enhancement can be achieved by improving the thermo-physical properties of the working fluid, changing flow geometry or both. This work presents a numerical study to investigate the combined effect of using helical coils and nanofluids on the heat transfer characteristics and pressure losses in turbulent flow regime. The developed computational fluid dynamics models were validated against published experimental data and empirical correlations. Results have shown that combining the effects of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles and tube coiling could enhance the heat transfer coefficient by up to 60% compared with that of pure water in straight tube at the same Reynolds number. Also, results showed that the pressure drop in helical coils using Al 2 O 3 nanofluid for volume fraction of 3% was six times that of water in straight tubes (80% of the pressure drop increase is due to nanoparticles addition), while the effect of Reynolds number on the pressure drop penalty factor was found to be insignificant.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Control strategies for indoor environment quality and energy efficiency--a review (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: The demand for better indoor environment has led to a wide use of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. However, this demanding cannot be sustained without a strategy to reduce the energy consumption of HVAC systems. Employing advanced HVAC control is one of the strategies to maintain high-quality indoor thermal comfort with low energy consumption. This paper reviews the development of control technologies for HVAC systems. It summarizes the problems in existing reviews and gives a future perspective on HVAC control systems for occupant comfort and energy efficiency.
    Keywords: Built environment and low-carbon society
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Tracer gas technique for measurement of air infiltration and natural ventilation: case studies and new devices for measurement of mechanical air ventilation in ducts (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: In buildings without mechanical ventilation, the fresh air needed by the occupants is supplied only by air infiltration or natural ventilation. Its quantification by analytical methods is difficult, and so experimental methods such as the tracer gas technique are very useful. In this work, several case studies are presented, where one may see the potential of this technique to detect small differences in building air tightness, due to different envelope elements, namely the type of window frames and location of blinds' boxes. The applicability of this technique to other spaces rather than buildings can also be analyzed. When dealing with mechanical ventilation, it is difficult to measure the duct air flow rate precisely, because of the minimum duct length necessary to obtain a good mixing of the tracer gas with the air, when conventional probes are used. Research was carried out with the development of new probes to overcome this situation, and results are also shown. With accurate measurements of air flow rates, it is possible to reduce CO 2 emissions due to air heating or cooling in buildings.
    Keywords: Built environment and low-carbon society
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Readdressing working fluid selection with a view to designing a variable geometry ejector (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: A number of factors influence the performance of an ejector, e.g. working fluid, geometry and operating conditions. In the present work, six low-environmental-impact working fluids were evaluated for their use in an ejector cooling system running on low-temperature thermal energy. The numerical analysis was based on a model applying the 1D constant-pressure mixing theory. Ejector performance was assessed for the temperatures of the generator, evaporator and condenser in the range of 80–120°C, 5–15°C and 25–40°C, respectively. The results indicated that owing to its high coefficient of performance and moderate operating pressures throughout the entire ejector cycle, isobutane is a good choice for a refrigerant. The area ratio required for running the ejector in critical mode, under changing operating conditions, varied in a significant range regardless of the selected refrigerant. This clearly indicates the importance of a variable geometry ejector design to strengthen the position of ejector cooling systems among other refrigeration technologies.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Constructal optimization of a disc-shaped body with cooling channels for specified power pumping (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: The thermal performance of a disc-shaped heat generation body with cooling channels is investigated by using constructal theory based on previous model of heat convection on a disc and previous analytical method of heat conduction on a disc. By taking minimum dimensionless maximum thermal resistance as optimization objective, the optimal aspect ratio of the elemental sector in the radial-pattern disc is obtained for the specified power pumping of the elemental sector; the optimal width ratio of the first-order and elemental cooling channels and the optimal dimensionless radius of the elemental sector are obtained for the specified power pumping of the disc. There exists a critical radius of the disc to determine whether the radial-pattern design and branched-pattern design should be adopted. These conclusions are different from those obtained by Wechsatol et al. 's model, and the essential reason for these differences is that the power pumping is specified in this article, but not the specified flow rate number in Wechsatol et al. 's model. Finally, the assumption about the heat capacity of the coolant and the thermal conductivity of the disc is validated. An analytical method is introduced in this article, which can provide another thought for the constructal optimization of disc with heat convection. The optimal constructs of the discs are obtained for the specified power pumping, which provides some different guidelines for the design of disc with heat convection.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Theoretical investigation of hot box solar cookers having conventional and finned absorber plates (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: In this paper, solar box cookers with ordinary and finned absorber plates are theoretically investigated in terms of thermodynamic performance parameters. For a typical summer and winter day, temperatures of solar cooker components such as glass cover, internal air, absorber plate, cooking vessel and the liquid are determined theoretically versus time. The analysis is carried out for conventional and finned absorber plates, and accuracy of the results is verified by a previously published experimental work. Energy and exergy efficiencies of box-type solar cookers are plotted versus time for various cases. The methodology presented in this paper enables to make a preliminary evaluation of ordinary and modified solar box cookers with respect to changes in main environmental parameters such as temperature and illumination intensity. Some recommendations are also made to enhance the power outputs of the aforementioned solar cookers.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Design of a celestial vault image capture device for its application in the solar radiation field (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: The sun is the more plentiful source of natural power that we have in the Earth. However, the amount of radiation reaching the Earth's surface depends on astronomical and climatic factors. One of the factors exerting a greater influence is cloudiness. For that reason, it is important to quantify its influence on solar radiation. According to that, in this work, a prototype to capture images of the celestial vault is designed and implemented to be able to measure parameters related to the cloud properties and, later, to determine their influence on solar radiation.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 13
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Investigation of concentrating and nonconcentrating evacuated tube solar water heaters using 2D particle imaging velocimetry (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: Under transient climatic conditions, solar water heaters using heat pipes are more effective at capturing incident solar radiation than other equivalent sized solar water heaters. The cost must be reduced to improve uptake of such systems. To investigate two methods were considered by this study: thermosyphon fluid flow and reflective concentrators. A physical reconfigurable laboratory model of the manifold and associated condensers of a heat-pipe-evacuated tube system were fabricated; fluid circulation was via thermosyphonic action, particle imaging velocimetry derived velocity maps and the use of concentrators was simulated. When condenser spacing was doubled, the Nusselt number increased by 43%, the velocity by 55% but the heat transfer efficiency of the model manifold decreased by 9%. Potential annual energy savings of 10 207 GWh could be realized if such systems could be successfully fabricated.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The impact of surface characteristics on ambient temperature at urban micro scale: comparative field study in two climates (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: This paper presents the results of two field studies to examine the differences in ambient temperatures in a micro-scale environment (at distances of 50–200 m between measuring points) in two different climates during typical summer weather conditions at two similar sites in terms of construction and activities. The analysis considered the land use around the measuring locations split into three categories (built, green and open) as well as climatic conditions and studied the effect of these on ambient temperature at each measuring location. It was found that, similarly to macro-scale studies at the urban level, measuring locations with a higher green cover have a lower ambient temperature compared with measuring locations with a higher built and/or open land cover. The results provide measured evidence in two different climates that small green areas distributed within the urban environment can provide a reduction in the ambient temperature thus contributing to the mitigation of urban heat island.
    Keywords: Built environment and low-carbon society
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Computational study of a 2D capillary pump evaporator (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: Capillary pump loop (CPL) is a two-phase heat transfer device considered as a useful solution for thermal control applications in spacecrafts, satellites and electronic components. The purpose of this paper is to study various aspects of the working state of the CPL evaporator. A two-dimensional computational model was developed in order to analyze the flow and the phase transformation inside a cylindrical evaporator. At the present analysis, different cases were studied by changing liquid saturation temperature, inclination angle of the evaporator and the length of the porous heated wick. Water, ammonia, acetone and freon-134 were used as working liquids for numerical experiments. Results present the evaporator capability to vaporize each working liquid and find out its possibility of dry-out causing failure. This information is useful in choosing the best working liquid for an evaporator, enabling bigger amounts of heat to be transferred.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 16
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Failure of natural ventilation strategy in a sustainable house in China (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: In recent years, the concept of green building is becoming popular in China. Architects and engineers have the opportunity to actually implement green building practices. This paper reveals the failure of a naturally ventilated LEED-certified townhouse development project in China mentioned in recent research. The house owners made great alterations for the purpose of decoration, which removed or minimized the effectiveness of natural ventilation elements in the original design. The research shows that the houses show ‘International Style’ because the natural ventilation design principles were not fully applied in the design and the localized natural ventilation strategies were not fully considered by means of computational simulation in the design stage. Also, the lack of communication between designers and the owners caused the removal of most natural ventilation elements of these houses during the occupancy period. The authors advocate three criteria to avoid failures of natural ventilation design: localized/ climate adaptive design, relationship among design elements and design intention awareness.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 17
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Design guideline for application of earth-to-air heat exchanger coupled with solar chimney as a natural heating system (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: In the present paper, design of solar chimney (SC) and earth-to-air heat exchanger (EAHE) to meet the thermal need of flat buildings are studied regarding adaptive thermal comfort criteria. Investigation on the effects of geometric features shows that the design of SC with the air gap and outlet sizes of 0.2 m and also EAHE with the diameter and length of 0.5 and 25.0 m reveals better performance. Thermal comfort analysis shows that the SC is capable to power the underground heating system during few hours of the sunny days even at the ambient temperature as low as 0°C and the heating demand of 1000 W without needing the auxiliary devices. In addition, the required numbers of SCs and the underground air channels are strongly influenced by environmental outdoor conditions and heating demand of building and are approximately calculated by: $$\hbox{ room }\phantom{\rule{0.08em}{0ex}}\hbox{ volume/50 }\phantom{\rule{0.08em}{0ex}}\hbox{ and }\phantom{\rule{0.08em}{0ex}}\hbox{ 2 }\times (\hbox{ room }\phantom{\rule{0.08em}{0ex}}\hbox{ volume/50 })+\hbox{ 1, }$$ respectively.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Adaptive facade design for the daylighting performance in an office building: the investigation of an opening design strategy with cellular automata (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: Daylighting has an important role in sustainable architecture as it affects the energy consumption in a building. Especially for an office building, daylight helps not only to reduce the load on artificial lighting but also to promote work efficiency through promoting good human health, well-being and user comfort. The objective of this research is to develop an innovative façade design strategy that comes from the development of digital technology and dynamic daylight performance measuring methods. Thus, the various parameters are studied through the computational process of cellular automata (CA) to generate the several alternative opening patterns on the building façade. Each CA design value was tested under static and dynamic sky condition to analyze the quality and quantity of daylight and visual comfort throughout the year. The results were compared to find an optimum alternative design in terms of the daylighting design criteria, from building code, standard and design guidelines for the office building. Finally, research of an adaptive façade design strategy was concluded with the results from the above hybridization of generative and performative design methodology. This study discovers the architectural design approach from the CA and it will make not only progress in building façade esthetics, but also human comfort with building sustainability.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 19
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Performance analysis of a cascaded solar Organic Rankine Cycle with superheating (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: A cascaded Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) with scroll expanders is investigated in this paper, the system performances under various configurations are evaluated and the effect of superheating on the system efficiency is clarified. The efficiency of two-stage ORC system is 38.9% higher than that of single-stage system when R245fa is used as the working fluid, while the efficiency of two-stage ORC system is 10% lower than that of single stage when R134a is adopted. The specific work of single-stage ORC system with R245fa increases linearly with the degree of superheat. There is an optimal superheated degree for the system output power and efficiency, which is 35 K for the expansion ratio of 3.5 and 45 K for the expansion ratio of 5.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Investigation of the effect of design parameters on power output and thermal efficiency of a Stirling engine by thermodynamic analysis (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: This article demonstrates a study on finite-time thermodynamic assessment and analysis of a Stirling heat engine. Finite-time thermodynamics is performed to specify the net thermal efficiency and power output of the Stirling system with finite-rate heat transfer, regenerative heat loss, conductive thermal bridging loss and finite regeneration process time. The model investigates effects of the inlet temperature of the heat source, the volumetric ratio of the engine, effectiveness of heat exchangers and heat capacitance rates on the net power output and thermal efficiency of the engine. Output power of the Stirling engine is maximized under two optimization scenarios. In the first scenario, the higher working temperature of the Stirling engine is considered as a decision design parameter (decision variable) while in the second scenario, in addition to the higher working temperature, the temperature ratio of the engine is also considered as a design parameter. Furthermore, the thermal efficiency of the cycle corresponding to the magnitude of the maximized power of the engine is evaluated. Finally, sensitivities of results towards shift in the thermal parameters of the engine are studied.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 21
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Energy saving potential of indirect evaporative cooler under Indian climates (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Vapour compression refrigeration-based air conditioners are being used for comfort cooling in residences, offices and commercial buildings in many countries throughout the world. These systems consume substantial power and energy and produce harmful effect on environment by damaging ozone layer. This article presents an analytical evaluation of energy saving potential of an indirect evaporative cooler for summer months in Indian climates. Three climates likely to be suitable for indirect evaporative cooling, namely composite, hot and dry and moderate, have been selected for this purpose. The monthly average environmental data for three Indian cities namely Delhi, Jodhpur and Bangalore representing three different climates were used for this study. Summer month—May was selected for the study. It has been found that in order to produce same cooling effect under the same climatic conditions, the power needed by indirect evaporative cooler to be about 55% less than that needed by a conventional air conditioner. The performance of an indirect evaporative cooler in the climates, hot and dry and composite, has been found to be almost similar. Thus, substantial energy can be saved by using this alternative in summer months.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 22
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Development of a nano-heat transfer fluid carrying direct absorbing receiver for concentrating solar collectors (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: A MATLAB-based computer model to design a novel directly absorbing receiver system (DARS) for concentrating solar collectors employing nanofluid-based solar radiation volumetric absorption is presented. Graphene and aluminum nanosphere-based suspensions in Therminol VP-1 were simulated to identify the optimum thermo-geometric configuration of a DARS comprising a transparent all glass tubular absorber. Several particle concentrations were simulated scrutinizing the optical response of the two colloidal dispersions to yield a minimum supply temperature of 250°C; further investigated are the implications of fluid flow velocity upon system yield. The resulting temperature fields and geometric dimensions of the DARS are predicted. Findings demonstrate that the DARS is able to deliver heat at ~265°C with a receiver tube diameter of 5 mm opposed to commercially available 70-mm diameter metallic absorbers.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 23
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Mean-line modeling and CFD analysis of a miniature radial turbine for distributed power generation systems (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Distributed power generation (DPG) based on organic Rankine cycle offers potential in the effective use of energy from low grade heat sources up to 200°C. In this regard, developing an effective expander plays a major role in determining the overall cycle efficiency. In this work mean-line modeling and CFD techniques are employed to develop a small-scale radial turbine for DPG systems with a power output of ~5 kWe. A parametric study is carried out using the mean-line approach to investigate the effects of key input parameters such as operating conditions, velocity ratio, rotational speed and rotor flow angles on the turbine rotor inlet diameter and overall performance. Results from the mean-line approach show that in order to achieve high power output, inlet total temperature, mass flow rate and pressure ratio should be increased. However, for reducing the rotor inlet diameter the velocity ratio should be decreased. CFD technique is then used to assess the flow field and to improve the blade loading by modification of blade angle distribution. CFD is also used to determine the minimum number of rotor blades and the results show that the value suggested by mean-line modeling overestimates this parameter. By using these two approaches a wide range of design configurations are explored and the most effective design is identified to be with specific diameter of 4.83 (rotor inlet diameter of 0.0787 m), specific speed of 0.433 (rotational speed of 55 000 rpm), 10 blades and output power of 4.662 kW.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 24
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Hybrid hydrogen PEM fuel cell and batteries without DC-DC converter (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Concerns about greenhouse gases as well as the price and security of oil supply have acted as a spur to sustainable automobile development. The hydrogen fuel cells electric vehicle (HFCEV) is generally recognised by leading automobile manufacturers and scientists as one of the optimum technologies for long-term future low carbon vehicle. In a typical HFCEV power train, a DC–DC converter is required to balance the voltage difference between the fuel cells (FCs) stack and batteries. However, research shows that a considerable amount of energy generated by the hydrogen FCs stack is deplete during this conversion process as heat. This experiment aims to improve the power train efficiency by eliminating the DC–DC converter by finding the best combination of FC stack and batteries, matching the size and capacity of the electrical components.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 25
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Energy and exergy analysis of passive solar distillation systems (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: In this communication, a comprehensive thermodynamic model for exergy analysis of a passive solar distillation system is presented. Temperatures of basin-liner, saline water body and inner and outer glass cover are estimated theoretically with the help of a computer program using a set of typical design and operating parameters. Energy and exergy analysis of a single-effect, single-slope horizontal passive solar still has been carried out under climatic conditions of India. It has been shown that the passive solar still can produce 4.17 l/m 2 of freshwater daily. Energy and exergy efficiency of the solar still are 30.42 and 4.93%, respectively. Causes, quantity and place of exergy destruction have also been explored for further research and improvement in the design and performance of solar stills. Exergy destruction or irreversibility in the process of each component, i.e. basin-liner, saline water body and glass cover, has been evaluated as 3353, 1633 and 362 W/m 2 , respectively, corresponding to the total solar exergy input of 6958 W/m 2 on a typical day. Their corresponding exergy efficiencies are found to be 3.91, 17.67 and 42.36%. The global exergy efficiency of the solar still is also estimated as 23.14%, taking these exergy destructions into account. The basin-liner is identified as the component around which there is highest possibility of improvement.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 26
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Experimental study of a capillary pumped loop in comparison with the prediction of a 3D CFD (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: A comparison is presented between experimental and numerical results regarding the operation of a capillary pumped loop evaporator. Two cylindrical evaporators were tested, with different heated porous lengths, 20 and 40 mm, respectively. Both have 22 mm external diameter, 9 mm porous thickness and 80 mm porous length. The working liquid was water. The loop was made from copper tubes and the evaporator from copper porous wick covered with aluminum with grooves formed in the inner surface. All tests took place on a horizontal level using heat load applied to the evaporator surface from an 85-W electric resistance. The experimental measurements were compared with the predictions of a three-dimensional CFD model of the evaporator and were found to be in satisfactory agreement. For the 20-mm wick heated length evaporator CFD model with water initial temperature of 20°C the divergence with the experimental pressure drop mean value was 0 Pa for volume flow rates between 0.4 and 0.6 l/min and 50 Pa for the rest of the values. For 30°C the divergence was 0 Pa 〈0.4 l/min and 50 Pa for larger flow rates. Moreover, for 40°C the difference was up to 50 Pa from 0 to 0.9 l/min. In every case predictions were below the wick capillary limit. The computed outflow temperature presented a maximum difference of 1.5% compared with the experimental data, which is very satisfying. On the other hand, the predictions of the evaporator CFD model with a 40-mm wick heated length were even better.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A feasible energy-saving analysis of a new system for CO2 cryogenic capture (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: A new CO 2 cryogenic capture and liquefaction system has been proposed previously in order to separate CO 2 from exhausted gases and make it as a resource for industry. This system combines CO 2 cryogenic capture with N 2 /O 2 separation together. Its energy consumption is lower than the traditional amine solution capture process as theoretical analysis. In this study, the simulation of the proposed system with several improvements was carried out aiming to reduce the energy consumption further. Many heat exchangers were introduced and the heat exchanger arrangements were optimized to recycle the refrigeration capacity from the returned N 2 after the N 2 /O 2 separation. The discharge pressure of mixture gas from the compressor was reduced from 10 to 3.493 MPa. The simulation results showed that the compression work could be greatly reduced and the energy consumption of CO 2 capture in this new system after these improvements reached 2.884 GJ/ton CO 2 . The new system is promising because not only liquid or solid CO 2 could be produced but also N 2 and O 2 could be separated.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 28
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Spanish photovoltaic learning curve (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Learning by doing, or learning through market experience, reduces costs for energy production technologies. This phenomenon is modelled by using experience curves which reflect the changes in the cost of the technology as it becomes increasingly used. This article calculates the Spanish photovoltaic (PV) learning curve over the period 2001–12 by using cost data from the PV sector itself (installers, distributors and even engineers) and determines the accuracy of the obtained progress ratio by using both the coefficient of determination R 2 and also the error PR , which is directly determined from fitting the data. The results show a curve with a strong structural change in the speed of cost reduction in October 2009.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 29
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An innovative psychometric solar-powered water desalination system (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Important advances have been made in solar water desalination technology but their wide application is restricted by relatively high capital and running costs. Until recently, solar concentrator collectors had usually been employed to distill water in compact desalination systems. Currently, it is possible to replace these collectors by the more efficient evacuated tube collectors, which are now widely available on the market at lower prices. This paper describes the results of experimental and theoretical investigations of the operation of a novel small-scale solar water desalination technology using the psychometric humidification and dehumidification process coupled with a heat pipe evacuated tube solar collector with an aperture area of ~1.73 m 2 . Solar radiation during spring in the Middle East was simulated by an array of halogen floodlights. A synthetic brackish water solution was used for the tests and its total dissolved solids (TDSs) and electrical conductivity were measured. A mathematical model was developed to describe the system's operation. A computer program was written to solve the system of governing equations to perform the theoretical calculations of the humidification and dehumidification processes. The experimental and theoretical values for the total daily distillate output were found to be closely correlated. The test results demonstrate that, at temperatures of 55–60°C, the system produces ~5–6 kg/h of clean water with a high desalination efficiency. Following the experimental calibration of the mathematical model, it was demonstrated that the performance of the system could be improved to produce a considerably higher amount of fresh water.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Thermal analysis of PCM-filled glass windows in hot summer and cold winter area (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Phase change material (PCM)-filled glass window was suitable for absorbing or releasing more heat than conventional glass window. Comparisons of thermal performance between PCM-filled glass windows and insulated glass windows (double glass windows filled with dry air and surrounded by sealing strips) were presented in this paper. A 3D unsteady model was built in FLUENT to obtain the internal and external surface temperature fluctuations of these windows in 48 h. Compared with insulated glass windows, thermal performance (especially the thermal regulation effect) of double glass windows filled with Na 2 SO 4 ·10H 2 O was quite satisfactory in sunny days of summer, while double glass windows filled with CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O had a better thermal performance in overcast and rainy days of summer. Because the phase change temperature of these PCM is higher than the ambient temperature in winter, the thermal regulation effects of them were not as good as expected.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Simultaneous synthesis of heat exchanger network with the non-isothermal mixing (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Optimization of heat exchanger network is attributed to improving the process industrial energy utilization ratio. Energy consumption reduction plays an important role in the low-carbon economic development. Several synthesis approaches for heat exchanger network have been proposed and extended during the last three decades. With the evolution of the computer technology, the simultaneous synthesis method via mathematic programming attracts a great deal of attention worldwide. However, some difficulties still need to be overcome, for instance, model simplification and computational complexity. In this work, the simultaneous stage-wise synthesis model without the assumption of isothermal mixing is presented and implemented using effective initialization strategies and a novel two-level algorithm. Three case studies illustrated the better performance of the initialization strategies and two-level algorithm for heat exchanger network synthesis problems, considering non-isothermal mixing.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 32
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Capturing atmospheric carbon: biological and nonbiological methods (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Atmospheric carbon dioxide is one of the primary greenhouse gases on earth and its continuous emission by manmade activities is leading to a rise in atmospheric temperature. On the other hand, various natural phenomena exist that contribute to the sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, i.e. its capture and long-term storage. These phenomena include oceanic, geological and chemical processes happening on earth. In addition to the above-mentioned nonbiological methods, various biological methods viz. soil carbon sequestration and phytosequestration have also been contributing to fixation of atmospheric carbon. Phytosequestration is mainly performed by several photosynthetic mechanisms such as C 3 , C 4 and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) pathways of plants, carboxysomes of cyanobacteria and pyrenoids of microalgae. For an effective mitigation of global climate change, it is required to stabilize the CO 2 concentration to viable levels. It requires various permutations and combinations of naturally existing and engineering strategies. Although numerous strategies are in commodious use in the present times, the issues of sustainability and long-term stability still exist. We present an overview of the natural and manmade biological and nonbiological processes used today to reduce atmospheric CO 2 levels and discuss the scope and limitations of each of them.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 33
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Performance of U-tube solar water heater with vertical and inclined panels (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: A conventional natural convection flat plate solar collector needs to be placed at an incline to the horizontal and exposed to the sun in order for the solar hot water heater system to work. This arrangement is satisfactory where there is ample roof top space to locate the collector and storage tank. In a high-rise apartment, space is at a premium and also the hot-water recticulation requires long lengths of piping to distribute the hot water supply to the individual apartment. Most every modern high-rise apartment has a balcony facing outward from the wall structure. Balcony-type solar water heaters (SWHs) are catching up fast in China. Their performance would depend on collector and storage tank designs and sizes, weather conditions (solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature) and direction in which the balconies are facing. This article compares the outdoor performance of two SWH systems incorporating the evacuated glass U-tube solar collectors operating under natural convection. The panels were tested in both the vertical and inclined positions using the same tank but at different times of the year. It was found that the inclined panel system performed better than the system with the vertical panel system.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 34
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Design and commission a zero-carbon building for hot and humid climate (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: The Construction Industry Council (CIC) Zero-Carbon Building is a net zero-carbon building that was designed for local hot and humid climate of sub-tropical Hong Kong. Over 80 sustainability features of the architecture and building systems have considered the life-cycle carbon emissions, including the embodied carbon of construction materials, emissions associated with the construction process, the 50-years of operation and decommission of the building. The total life-cycle carbon emission was off-set by on-site renewable energy generated by photovoltaics (PV) and bio-diesel combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) system. To optimise the design, a series of climate-responsive strategies on passive architecture were applied to the construction of the building. These include the high-performance facade, effective air tightness and optimised window design that allows the application of natural ventilation and daylighting. Reduction of 20% energy demand was achieved by these passive designs. To further lower the carbon emission on operation, energy-efficient air-conditioning (A/C) systems using desiccant dehumidification, underfloor air supply and radiant cooling have also contributed on achieving an ultralow energy use value. Amalgamated saving of these passive and active systems are over 45% when compared with the design per existing local building energy codes.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 35
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The retrofitting of an old style semi-detached house for energy reduction and carbon savings under the UK climate (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: The impact of climatic change through greenhouse gas emission is a recognized major global crisis. Energy use in residential and commercial buildings is a major part of the total consumption in European countries and is estimated to be ~40% of the total load. Currently, the concept of building retrofit has become a top priority for the UK government in order to meet the national plans for reducing CO 2 emissions by 80% compared with 1990 levels by 2050. This study presents the simulation results for a case study of energy and CO 2 emission savings of a nineteenth century semi-detached building in the UK. The building was refurbished to high standards of energy efficiency, with four simulation scenarios developed for analysis: As-built, As-built 1965, As-reality and post-retrofit. DesignBuilder software was used to simulate the annual energy consumption and carbon emissions in all cases. In addition to this, thermal imaging and air-tightness tests were conducted and the results were used to validate the models. The post-retrofit results showed there is a significant reduction in energy consumption that exceeded 80% with carbon emissions being reduced above 70%. Economic analysis of each retrofit scenario was then undertaken, and results showed payback varied between 9 and 40 years due to the fluctuation in fuel prices and construction retrofit materials. The models indicate performance of the building post-retrofit can be significantly improved in terms of energy reduction and CO 2 emission savings. Further research is being performed to improve performance through field monitoring and installation of innovative retrofit technologies.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 36
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Numerical analysis of solar-assisted seasonal 'open' thermochemical heat storage (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: In the last decade, interest in heat storage systems has been increasing. These systems will have increasing importance for utilization of solar energy in domestic heating systems. As solar energy is a diurnal cyclic resource, storing excess solar energy for long- or short-term periods will both increase the utilization of solar energy systems and decrease fossil fuel consumption. The relatively new heat storage method using thermochemical storage has shown some significant advantages such as low heat loss (-〉 zero), high heat storage density and low space requirement. These important properties make thermochemical storage a promising alternative for long-term energy storage. In the present study, a numerical investigation on ‘open’ seasonal thermochemical storage has been undertaken. The simulation results show that the volume/mass of the absorbent, mass flow rate and relative humidity of air have significant importance on the reaction kinetics and system performance during the system discharging process. Conversely, total collector area, solar radiation and mass flow rate of air are important parameters during the charging process. The results conclude that, overall, reactor design is the most important factor for storage performance. In addition, reaction advancement ( X ) has a significant importance on process efficiency.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 37
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    High-efficiency ventilation and heating systems by means of solar air collectors for industry building refurbishment (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: For the purpose of energy conservation, modern buildings are becoming more and more air-tight and generally rely on a mechanical ventilation system. According to the literature, solar air heating systems can contribute in a cost-effective way to the heating and ventilation of utility buildings. Especially cost-efficient, unglazed, façade-integrated solar air collectors seem to be an attractive new market for façade renovation. To demonstrate the technical feasibility of generating heating energy on facades, a demonstration plant based on an unglazed solar air collector was installed in 2013 in the façade of a demonstration building and was intensively studied using energy metering.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 38
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Solar low-pressure turbo-ejector Maisotsenko cycle-based power system for electricity, heating, cooling and distillation (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: The article describes the innovative solutions of power, heating and cooling generation utilizing low- or medium-grade heat sources. The proposed technology based on the well-known irreversible Brayton cycle and the revolutionary Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) operates at atmospheric or sub-atmospheric pressures. Such energetic systems are simple and reliable and utilize moisture-saturated air as a working fluid. The ejector replacing the mechanical compressor in the Brayton cycle system allows increasing the cycle work by three to five times at the constant airflow. At the same time, the utilized heat serves for simultaneous heating and cooling production that makes the system economically viable and environmentally friendly with the increased integral performance. For system's performance improvement, the schematic and the cycle were upgraded allowing the off-the-shelf components to be employed and replace the electrically driven fan with fluidic jet-fan that served for energy saving of the innovative turbo-ejector system operation.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 39
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Optimization of building-integrated photovoltaic thermal air system combined with thermal storage (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: Photovoltaic (PV) combined with phase change material (PV/PCM) system is a hybrid solar system that uses a PCM to reduce the PV temperature and to store energy for other applications. This study aims to increase the integrated PV efficiency of buildings by incorporating PCM while utilizing the stored heat in PCM for controlling indoor conditions. Experiments have been carried out on a prototype PV/PCM air system using monocrystalline PV modules. Transient simulations of the system performance have also been performed using a commercial computational fluid dynamics package based on the finite volume method. The results from simulation were validated by comparing it with experimental results. The results indicate that PCM is effective in limiting temperature rise in PV device and the heat from PCM can enhance night ventilation and decrease the building energy consumption to achieve indoor thermal comfort for certain periods of time.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 40
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Thermal energy storage: the role of the heat pipe in performance enhancement (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: Heat pipes and thermosyphons—devices of high effective thermal conductivity—have been studied for many years for enhancing the performance of solid, liquid and phase change material (PCM) heat stores. However, as the applications of heat storage widen, from micro-electronics thermal control to concentrated solar heat storage and vehicle thermal management, and even for chemical reactor isothermalization, the challenges facing heat storage increasingly are moving from those associated with the ‘standard’ diurnal storage, in itself a problem for low thermal conductivity materials, to response times measured in a few hours or even minutes. While high thermal conductivity metals such as foams can be impregnated with a PCM, for example, to increase local conductivity, the rapid heat input and removal necessitates a more radical approach—heat pipes, possibly with feedback control, with innovative PCM interfaces. This paper reviews the use of heat pipes in conventional and rapid response PCM and liquid or cold storage applications and introduces some novel concepts that might overcome current limitations.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 41
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Identifying bottlenecks in charging infrastructure of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles through agent-based traffic simulation (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: The effect of different charging infrastructure configurations on the electric-driven distance of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (e-mileage) has been investigated, using an agent-based traffic simulation. Our findings suggest that the same e-mileage can be achieved with fewer charging poles if the poles support charging from several parking slots around them, and the charging cable is switched from one vehicle to the next. We also find that the charging power supported by most Finnish charging stations, 3.7 kW, and the cable switching delay of 1 h seem to be sufficient for effective workplace charging.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 42
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Review of heat pipe heat exchangers for enhanced dehumidification and cooling in air conditioning systems (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-26
    Description: Heat pipe heat exchangers could be employed as run-around coils in air conditioning systems for enhanced dehumidification and cooling. This article reviews some of the works conducted on the cooling and dehumidification aspects in various air conditioning systems. They have been proved to be effective in enhancing dehumidification and reducing air conditioning costs especially in hot and humid tropical countries.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 43
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Towards clean and sustainable distributed energy system: the potential of integrated PEMFC-CHP (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-26
    Description: The mitigation options to meet the ambitious carbon reduction targets set by the UK government are discussed in this paper, including the use of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, clean renewable energy integration and a proposed system of integrated fuel cell combined heat and power (FC-CHP) technology. Analysis shows that the use of CCS technology within the current infrastructure can abate half the electricity-associated CO 2 emissions; however, this comes at a high cost penalty. The emissions associated with domestic heat cannot be prevented without changes in the energy infrastructure. Hydrogen-powered fuel cells can provide clean energy at a range of scales and high efficiencies, especially when employed with a CHP system. However, production of CO 2 -free hydrogen is essential for fuel cell technology to contribute substantially to a low carbon economy globally. In this work, three methods were investigated for small-scale distributed hydrogen production, namely steam methane reforming, water electrolysis (WE) and cold plasma jet (CPJ). The criteria used for comparisons include the associated CO 2 emissions and the cost of energy production. CPJ decomposition of methane shows a high potential when combined with integrated FC-CHP technology for economically viable and CO 2 -free generation of energy, especially in comparison to WE. Including the value of the solid carbon product makes the plasma system most attractive economically.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 44
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A comprehensive assessment of sectoral energy consumption in the UK: past, present and future (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-26
    Description: Primary energy consumption has increased by 49% and CO 2 emissions by 43% during the last two decades, and the predictions indicate that the growing trend will continue as a consequence of the notable growth in world population. Nations with developing economies (South America, Middle East, Africa and Southeast Asia) have an average annual energy consumption rate of 3.2%, whereas the rate is 1.1% for most of the developed economies (North America, Japan, Australia and Western Europe). In this paper, overall energy consumption in the UK by sector is evaluated from 1973 oil crisis to the present. The scope is split into four sectors as transport, domestic, industrial and services sector and the results for each are presented in a comparable way. Percentage of total primary energy consumption and final energy consumption by fuel type are presented. Several factors affecting the overall energy consumption are also investigated.
    Keywords: Built environment and low-carbon society
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 45
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Endoreversible modeling and optimization of multistage isothermal chemical engines under linear mass transfer law via Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman theory (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-26
    Description: A multistage continuous isothermal endoreversible chemical engine system with a finite driving fluid is investigated in this paper, and the mass transfer law obeys the linear mass transfer law [ $$g\propto \mathrm{\Delta }\mu $$ ]. Under the condition that both the initial time and the initial key component concentration in the driving fluid are fixed, the maximum power output of the multistage chemical engine system and the corresponding optimal concentration configuration of the key component in the driving fluid are derived by applying Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) theory, and numerical examples for three different boundary conditions are given. The results show that the difference between the chemical potential of the key component and the Carnot chemical potential for the maximum power output is a constant, and the key component concentration in the driving fluid decreases with the increase of time nonlinearly; when both the process period and the final concentration of the key component are fixed, there is an optimal control strategy for the maximum power output of the multistage chemical engine system, and the maximum power outputs of the system and the corresponding optimal control strategies are different for different final concentrations. The obtained results can provide some theoretical guidelines for the optimal designs and operations of practical energy conversion systems.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 46
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The performance and in-use experience of low to zero carbon technologies in an experimental energy home (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-26
    Description: In the UK, finances and resources are invested into the application of new technologies, construction materials and control systems for homes, with the aim of improving energy efficiency. One such example is the experimental BASF house, built to study the thermal performance to achieve a comfortable home that uses energy efficiently. The house includes low to zero carbon (LZC) technologies that are promoted to reach a higher level within the UK Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH). For this study a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design (Creswell JW. Research Design. Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 3rd edn. Sage Publication, 2009; Nataliya VI, Creswell JW, Stick SL. Using mixed-methods sequential explanatory design: from theory to practice. Field Methods 2006;18:3) that has been developed in the field of social and behavioural sciences has been applied, consisting of two distinctive phases: quantitative and qualitative. The rationale behind is for the quantitative data and its analysis is used to understand system performances while the qualitative data explain the numerical results in-depth, through the subjects in study, the occupants' perceptions. This article presents conclusions from an investigation into the use and performance of a biomass boiler and passive design features, derived from a live-in experience in a well-insulated and airtight CSH Level 4 home over two consecutive winter periods (2008–9 and 2009–10), which is part of on-going research project. The study also discusses a number of issues regarding the effective efficiency and appropriateness of the systems, which were selected based on a desire to comply with regulations for a better rated home rather than on their user friendliness and comfort for the occupants of a sustainable home; jeopardizing people's safety in times.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 47
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Alternative coating technologies for metal-ceramic nanocomposite films: potential application for solar thermal absorber (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-26
    Description: Metal–ceramic nanocomposite films for solar absorbers have been obtained by electro-deposition. This coating technique uses a mixed solution of nickel nanoparticles and sub-micron alumina particles. The relative ratio of Ni-to-Al in these films is varied by tuning the concentration of nickel and alumina particles in the starting solution. Three films with different Ni/Al ratio have been prepared and characterized with X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. Even in absence of any heat treatment, significant amount of nickel in metallic state has been found in all three samples.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Performance study of a static low-concentration evacuated tube solar collector for medium-temperature applications (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-26
    Description: With the development of the energy demands, solar energy medium-temperature applications (〉80°C) for refrigeration, building heating, seawater desalination, thermal power generation etc. has become popular research fields. The article presents an investigation on a static low-concentration evacuated tube (LCET) solar collector for medium-temperature applications. Ray trace outcome at the incident angles between 0 and 60° shows that the average optical efficiency can reach 76.9%. The experimental testing was conducted in the medium temperature range of 80 and 140°C which indicates the instantaneous thermal efficiency is still larger than about 30.0%, and the instantaneous exergetic efficiency is 〉5.92%. The results comprehensively indicate the good performance of LCET solar collector for medium-temperature applications.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Heating load and COP optimization of a double resonance energy selective electron (ESE) heat pump (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-26
    Description: A model of a double resonance energy selective electron (ESE) heat pump in one-dimensional system with two idealized energy filters is established in this paper. The analytical expressions of heating load and coefficient of performance (COP) for the ESE heat pump are derived. The optimum heating load and COP performances of the double resonance ESE heat pump are analyzed by using the theory of finite time thermodynamics. The effective regions of central energy level and heating load are obtained. The influences of energy space as well as resonance width of the two resonances on the performance of the ESE heat pump are discussed by detailed numerical examples. The values of some important performance parameters are also obtained by numerical calculations. The performance of the double resonance device is compared with that of the single resonance device. It is found that the maximum heating load decreases with the increase of energy space or the decrease of resonance width, while the maximum COP decreases with the increase of energy space or resonance width. By reasonable choices of the first resonance energy level, the energy space and the resonance width, the heat pump can be controlled to operate under the maximum COP condition. The results obtained herein can provide some theoretical guidelines for the design of practical multi-barrier nanostructured devices.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 50
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of the Atkinson engine by using NSGA-II (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-26
    Description: Recently, several studies have been conducted regarding the Atkinson cycle and Atkinson engine which have resulted in various thermal efficiency and output power analysis. In the present study, output power and engine thermal efficiency are maximized via employing the NSGA-II approach and thermodynamic analysis. The multi-objective evolutionary approach on the basis of the NSGA-II method is implemented throughout this work for optimizing the above-mentioned variables. To evaluate the aforementioned goal, two objective functions which comprises the power output ( W ) and cycle efficiency ( ) have been included in the optimization process simultaneously.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 51
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Improving photovoltaics performance by using yellow petroleum jelly as phase change material (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-26
    Description: Indonesia is blessed with solar energy. Photovoltaic (PV) experiences an internal problem of efficiency reduction due to temperature increase. The use of phase change material as a passive cooling has been conducted to address this problem. In this study, yellow petroleum jelly is used as passive cooling on photovoltaic. The jelly performs effectively in reducing the temperature of PV. Therefore, the application of yellow petroleum jelly on PV is proven to suppress PV temperature, increase the efficiency and the power of the PV.
    Keywords: Renewable energy systems
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Numerical assessment of energy contribution by building integrated photovoltaics in a commercial/office building refurbishment in UK (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-26
    Description: The generation and supply of electricity to residential and commercial/office buildings has been well established in different parts of the world for some decades now. However, sources like coal, nuclear and gas turbine electric generators which constitute most of the technologies applied in grid power stations usually involve fossil fuels and carbon dioxide emissions which are not environmentally friendly. As a solution to reduce the global carbon footprint and provide sustainable source of electricity, building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) or solar electricity has been identified as one of the most attractive sustainable energy technologies in the building sectors. This research work aims at assessing the energy impact of a grid connected solar electric system integrated in a commercial/office high-rise building in UK for a period of 1 year, by carrying out a numerical evaluation based on measured daily BIPV system energy outputs and the overall electrical energy demand of the applied building before and after the installation of the BIPV system. The results of the assessment showed that BIPV has the capacity to provide ~0.4% of the total electrical energy required in applied building.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Applying a sophisticated approach to predict CO2 solubility in brines: application to CO2 sequestration (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-26
    Description: Specification of CO 2 and brine phase behaviour plays a vital role in CO 2 sequestration and CO 2 reduction from atmosphere to deep saline aquifers. Because CO 2 solubility in brines determine how much carbon can be stored in deep saline aquifers. To tackle the referred issue, high precise model with low uncertainty parameters called ‘least square support vector machine (LS-SVM)’ was executed to predict CO 2 –brine solubility. The proposed intelligent-based approach is examined by using extensive experimental data reported in open literature. Results obtained from the proposed numerical solution model were compared with the relevant experimental CO 2 –brine solubility data. The average relative absolute deviation between the model predictions and the relevant experimental data was found to be 〈0.1% for LS-SVM model.
    Keywords: Hydrogen generation, storage and carbon capture
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Introductory Remarks (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-04
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Meteorological, emissions and air-quality modeling of heat-island mitigation: recent findings for California, USA (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-12
    Description: There exists a number of environmental and energy measures that, when deployed at urban scale, can directly impact energy use and emissions from power generation and indirectly affect the atmospheric environment which, in turn, impacts energy demand, emissions of greenhouse gas and ozone precursors and photochemical production of ozone. Atmospheric modeling is an important tool in evaluating the indirect effects, both beneficial and inadvertent, of urban heat-island mitigation. In this article, we provide a brief background discussion of heat-island research and modeling and present findings from three recent projects we have completed for California.
    Keywords: Energy policy, management and control
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Experimental study of the urban microclimate mitigation potential of green roofs and green walls in street canyons (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-12
    Description: This paper presents the design and the results of a reduced-scale experimental bench to study the effect of green roofs and green facades on local urban microclimate. An analysis of experimental data was carried out on three street canyons: one reference street, one street between two buildings with green roofs and one with a green wall to the west. The results show a hygrothermal effect of green envelopes on buildings on urban heat island mitigation. In the detailed analysis of these green coating techniques, we highlighted that green facades modify strongly the radiative balance of the street and improve the hygrothermal comfort in urban canyons through reducing the overheating in the street in hot summer days.
    Keywords: Built environment and low-carbon society
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 57
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Mitigation countermeasures to face urban warming (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-12
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 58
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Modeling methods to assess urban fluxes and heat island mitigation measures from street to city scale (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-12
    Description: The urban microclimate is due to complex physical interactions with the contribution of water balance, thermo-radiative exchanges and airflows. In this paper, we present and discuss modeling of heat island effects and mitigation techniques in order to give consistent results considering different time and space scales, and different fluxes (heat, water and winds) from ground to urban canopy, including buildings. The models and numerical descriptions are presented in detail and illustrated on typical examples of heat island mitigation techniques. At the neighborhood scale, alternative rainwater management techniques are studied by considering their impact on both seasonal water table depth and surface-atmosphere heat fluxes. Assessing the building thermal performance interactions with the microclimate requires adapted models that have to be refined for a better description of building envelope and systems effects. Two examples at the street and the neighborhood scale, modifying the building radiative properties or using green envelopes, show how simulation brings out the potential benefits of these techniques for the heat island mitigation and building energy performance.
    Keywords: Built environment and low-carbon society
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 59
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The study of height variation on outdoor ventilation for Singapore's high-rise residential housing estates (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-12
    Description: This article is concerned with external ventilation levels within a multi-story Housing and Development Board (HDB) residential estate, focusing toward a deeper understanding of wind flow with respect to different levels of height variation (HV). This study analyzed through parametric study, using numerical simulations with the realizable k – turbulence model, the various scenarios of HV within a typical residential HDB estate or precinct. It is found that external wind flow within the precinct for both the pedestrian and mid-height levels are affected differently by the HV value. Some rules of thumbs can be established for HVs in the efficient use of outdoor ventilation.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 60
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Improving the performance of thermochromic coatings with the use of UV and optical filters tested under accelerated aging conditions (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-12
    Description: The role of the materials used in the urban fabric is highly important for the microclimate and the energy loads of the cities. This has led to the research and development of innovative solutions with advanced thermal and optical properties. Thermochromic coatings that are reflective in summertime and absorptive in wintertime can address the demand for lower surface temperatures and energy savings. The function, however, of thermochromic materials in outdoor spaces is complex as they degrade when interacting with solar radiation. Various techniques with UV absorbers and UV filters prove that ultraviolet radiation is not the only parameter that affects thermochromism. This study aims to go one step forward and investigate the factors that destroy the reversible thermochromic circle besides UV radiation. Combinations of UV and optical filters were used on thermochromic coatings applied on concrete tiles under accelerated aging conditions of a one-month period to isolate the parts of solar spectrum that cause the photodegradation. The measurements of reflectance and color prove that the use of UV filter did not improve significantly the dark phase of thermochromic effect, while at the white phase, SR was reduced by 5% and SRvis was reduced by 9.7% compared with the uncovered sample. Covering the sample with red filter, which cuts off wavelengths below 600nm, protects most efficiently the reversible color change of the thermochromic coating as the solar reflectance at the dark phase remains unaffected during the whole experimental period.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 61
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Quantification and mitigation of long-term impacts of urbanization and climate change in the tropical coastal city of San Juan, Puerto Rico (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-12
    Description: Urbanization, along with other cases of land cover and land use changes, has significant climate impacts in tropical regions with the added complexity of occurring within the context of global warming (GW). The individual and combined effects of these two factors on the surface energy balance of a tropical city are investigated by the use of an integrated atmospheric modeling approach, taking the San Juan Metropolitan Area (SJMA), Puerto Rico, as the test case. To achieve this goal, an ensemble of climate and weather simulations is performed, with climate scenarios combining urban development and sprawl with regional climate change over the past 50 years and the short-term simulations designed to test the sensitivity to different urban vegetation configurations as mitigating alternatives. As indicator of change, we use the thermal response number (TRN), which is a measure of the sensible heating to the thermal storage of a surface or region, and the Bowen ratio, which is defined as the ratio of sensible to latent heat fluxes. The TRN of the area occupied by the SJMA has decreased as a consequence of replacing the lowland coastal plain vegetation with man-made materials, indicating that it takes less energy to raise the surface temperature of the urban area, whereas the TRN of forested regions has remained virtually unchanged. The GW signal also has effects on the thermal response of the SJMA, where dryer current conditions generate lower TRN values. Differences owing to GW are more evident in the Bowen ratio pattern, mostly associated with the drier present conditions observed and its effects on sensible and latent heat fluxes. In terms of testing different mitigation strategies, the short-term simulations show that the urban area is more efficient in partitioning surface energy balance terms when green roofs are specified, as opposed to including vegetation inside the urban core.
    Keywords: Built environment and low-carbon society
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 62
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Urban forests and solar power generation: partners in urban heat island mitigation (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-12
    Description: The urban forest is generally decreasing in areal extent. At the same time, human population is urbanizing and urban areal extent per capita is increasing. Eighty percent of North Americans are now living in urbanized areas. Urban forests directly affect quality of life for residents of cities via the ecosystem services and psychosocial restoration they provide. The urban forest canopy is a key component of reducing the urban heat island, slowing stormwater runoff and making urban environments more efficient and livable. Municipalities in North America are reacting to concerns about urbanization and economic trends by permitting an increasing number of compact developments that may conflict with beneficial Green Infrastructure. Compact development may also present challenges to solar access for solar power generation. This paper identifies and illustrates key strategies to increase urban forest cover and decrease infrastructure conflicts by implementing given innovative design details, detailing specific zoning and code language, and providing best practices from multiple disciplines. These strategies to increase urban forest canopy cover frame a coherent set of ideas to decrease the effects of the urban heat island, increase solar power generation and improve urban quality of life in cities.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 63
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    NOTICE OF RETRACTION: China's 12th five-year plan: challenges and opportunities for sustainable energy technologies (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-12
    Keywords: Energy policy, management and control
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 64
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Collection of papers on hydrogen and fuel cells for low carbon energy (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-17
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 65
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Characterization of Ni-Cu-based catalysts for multi-fuel steam reformer (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-17
    Description: Low-temperature methane and methanol steam-reforming catalysts Ni/Al 2 O 3 , Cu/Al 2 O 3 and Ni–Cu/Al 2 O 3 with various loadings of Ni and Cu were prepared using a wet impregnation method. The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope, surface area (BET) test, X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared test, CO chemisorption test and temperature-programmed reduction tests. XRD testing showed that NiO and CuO were present. Ni–Cu-alloyed catalyst shows a significant change in the catalyst characteristics compared with those of individual metals. The results presented in this paper show the main changes in the catalyst properties using ex situ testing.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 66
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Synthesis of new Mn/Ti containing perovskites and examination of their potential for use as solid oxide fuel cell electrodes (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-17
    Description: In this paper we report the synthesis of a series of new Mn/Ti containing perovskites, La 1– x Mn x Mn 1– x Ti x O 3– , for investigation of their potential for use as solid oxide fuel cell electrodes, particularly anodes. Single-phase samples could be achieved for x ≤ 0.4. Above this level, La 2 Ti 2 O 7 impurities were found. Conductivity measurements showed electronic conductivity up to a maximum of 12 S cm –1 at 850°C in air. While the samples were shown to be stable in both air and 5% H 2 /N 2 , the conductivities in the latter were significantly lower (0.4 S cm –1 ), which would be an issue for potential anode applications.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 67
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Characterization and performance of novel modified silica gel/molecular sieve composite (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-09
    Description: In this paper, using lithium chloride and calcium chloride as modifying agents, the modified silica gel and molecular sieve composite based on ceramic fiber was prepared by treating ceramic fiber paper with sequential impregnation of the suspension of waterglass and molecular sieve and the aqueous solution of salt. The composition of the modified composite was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermogravimetry (TG) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) were used to evaluate the desorption performance of the composite. FTIR spectra indicated that impregnation salt has no effect on the composition of molecular sieve. TG and TPD analysis indicated that desorption activated energy of modified composite was lower than that of molecular sieve. The result of the dynamic and static adsorption experiment showed that the adsorption performance of molecular sieve enhanced greatly through the modification.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 68
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation: A review of the selected papers from ISHTEC2012 (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-09
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 69
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Optimization of a two-step process for biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas crude oil (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-09
    Description: In the present work, the process of synthesis of methyl esters from Jatropha curcas crude oil as an alternative vegetable oil, using a two-step catalyzed process is shown. In the first step, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst for the esterification reaction of free fatty acid (FFA) and methanol in order to reduce the FFA content to ~0.2%. In the second step, the product from the first step was further reacted with methanol using potassium metoxide as a catalyst. The two-step processes have been developed and optimized by application of the factorial design and response surface methodology. The optimum conditions for biodiesel production were obtained when using methanol to FFA contents of Jatropha crude oil molar ratio (MR) of 20:1, 5 wt% of sulfuric acid, at 60°C with a reaction time of 60 min in the first step, followed by using an MR of methanol to product from the first step of 6:1, 0.95 wt% of KOCH 3 , at 45°C with a reaction time of 60 min in the second step. The percentage of methyl ester in the obtained product was more than 98%. The model has been found to describe the experimental range studied adequately and allows us to scale-up the process. In addition, the fuel properties of the produced biodiesel were in the acceptable ranges according to EN14214 European biodiesel standards.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 70
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Composites 'salt inside porous matrix' for adsorption heat transformation: a current state-of-the-art and new trends (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-09
    Description: Adsorption heat transformation (AHT) is one of the challenging technical approaches for supporting the world community initiatives to alleviate or reverse the gravity of the problems arising from CO 2 emissions and global warming. The key tool for enhancement of the AHT efficiency and power is a harmonization of adsorbent properties with working conditions of the AHT cycles. It can be realized by means of target-oriented designing the adsorbent specified for a particular AHT cycle. Two-component composites ‘salt in porous matrix’ (CSPMs) offer new opportunities for nano-tailoring their sorption properties by varying the salt chemical nature and content, porous structure of the host matrix and synthesis conditions. CSPMs have been recognized as promising solid sorbents for various AHT cycles, namely adsorption chilling, desiccant cooling, heat storage and regeneration of heat and moisture in ventilation systems. In this review, we survey a current state-of-the-art and new trends in developing efficient CSPMs for various AHT cycles.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 71
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Modeling of micro/meso-scale reactive transport phenomena in catalyst layers of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-09
    Description: In this article, we outline and review the methods that are currently used to simulate the micro/meso-scale flow and reactive transport processes in the porous catalyst layers (CLs) of a fuel cell. The approaches beyond the atomic scale (molecular dynamics) and below the conventional continuum scale (Navier–Stokes solvers) use coarse-grained pseudo-particles which can either move on a fixed lattice or continuously in space. The focus is mainly put on the development of the off-lattice pseudo-particle models, such as coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD), dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) methods. As an example, a CG-MD method is performed as a microscopic structure reconstruction technique to reflect the self-organized phenomena during the formation steps of a CL. In addition, we also highlight the combined nano-scale elementary kinetic processes and the issues on the coupling of DPD and SPH to finite element (FE) modeling techniques. This article also highlights the critical aspects and addresses the future trends and challenges for these models.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 72
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Preparation, hydrothermal stability and thermal adsorption storage properties of binderless zeolite beads (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-09
    Description: Novel binderless zeolite beads of types A and X have been synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion, nitrogen adsorption, thermogravimetry, water adsorption isotherm measurements, cyclic hydrothermal treatments and storage tests. The binderless molecular sieves show an improved adsorption capacity, sufficient hydrothermal stability, higher specific energies and the potential for a better performance density of the storage. Both open and closed storage tests have shown comparable adsorption capacities and specific energies for the binderless molecular sieves. A significantly higher discharging temperature, however, could be realized with the open storage system.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 73
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Impact of climate change on ventilation load and energy use of air conditioning systems in buildings of Hong Kong (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-09
    Description: Climate change may seriously affect the energy consumption of buildings by influencing their air conditioning loads, especially the ventilation loads which vary directly with the local weather conditions. Research on how the ventilation load responds to climate change is of great significance, especially in coastline subtropical regions like Hong Kong. This paper investigated the impacts of climate change on buildings' ventilation load and building energy use in Hong Kong with the hourly meteorological data from 1950 to 2007. Results have been well validated by the simulation of a typical local hotel building during this period. The results show that climate warming increases both sensible and latent parts of the cooling ventilation load. The latent part, which occupies ~80% of the total ventilation load, increases at a higher rate, about twice of that of the sensible one. Furthermore, it is found that the urban heat island (UHI) effect causes a much higher growth rate of the ventilation load at night, which is about three times compared with that in the daytime. The latent part of the cooling ventilation load at night, which is found to be the most sensitive component to the climate change, plays a most significant role in the energy consumption increase. The possible measures were thus suggested to avoid negative changes of the ventilation load. Besides, reducing the UHI effect by better urban planning also significantly benefits the local buildings with a long air-conditioning operation time.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 74
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Problems involved in the shell-side performance of a longitudinal-flow shell-and-tube heat exchanger with decrease in L/D and its solutions (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-09
    Description: This paper presents a numerical simulation of the fluid flow and heat transfer in the shell-side of a large-scale shell-and-tube heat exchanger with longitudinal flow through porous-medium and distributed-resistance model. Such characteristics as flow field distribution, shell-side pressure drop, heat transfer performance and overall performance factor of the shell-side were studied with change in L / D and Re . It was shown that when L / D decreased from 6.0 to 1.5 with the same Re , the fluid flow maldistribution became intense, pressure drop increased sharply, and that the overall performance factor decreased sharply. Particularly, when L / D ≤ 2.0, the problems became more and more serious. Through a detailed analysis of the pressure field distribution, it was discovered that 〉80% of the total pressure drop occurred in the region of the inlet and the outlet, where the fluid flow mainly cross the tube bundle. In order to solve the problems, the use of a novel structure of multi-parallel-channel inlet and outlet (MPC) in the shell-side was proposed. A comprehensive investigation showed that MPC is very effective not only in optimizing the fluid flow distribution of the shell-side and enhancing the global heat transfer performance of a heat exchanger, but also in decreasing shell-side pressure drop.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 75
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Review of thermal processing of biomass and waste in molten salts for production of renewable fuels and chemicals (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-09
    Description: Renewable energy has gained great attention and interest in recent years due to growing energy consumption and greater environmental concerns. Biomass is regarded as a promising candidate for replacing fossil-derived products, through either thermal, biological, or physical processes. This review focuses on thermal processing of biomass in molten salts for production of renewable fuels and chemicals, concepts based on dispersion of biomass or waste particles in a molten salt bath. Inorganic salts have very high heat capacities and good thermal stability at high temperatures. Some molten salts have catalytic properties, and in thermal processing of biomass, the product yields and compound compositions of products can be adjusted by varying compositions and amount of molten salts. In addition, molten salts will retain noxious contaminants, and it is thus possible to use difficult convertible- and/or contaminated biomass as feedstock.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 76
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Biochemical processing of reed canarygrass into fuel ethanol (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-09
    Description: Reed canarygrass is a temperate perennial grass of interest as a bioenergy crop. The canarygrass was evaluated for conversion to bioethanol using liquid hot water and dilute ammonia pretreatments prior to fermentation. The resulting hydrolysates were evaluated for production of ethanol, xylose and soluble xylans. Dilute ammonia gave higher yield efficiencies than liquid hot water. The optimal condition for dilute ammonia (4% w/v) pretreatment was 170°C for 20 min. Hydrolysates were converted to ethanol using Saccharomyces in the presence of a blend of commercial cellulases and additional carbohydrases. The final ethanol conversion efficiency was 84% based upon total hexosans, with 72% of the xylan converted to soluble xylan oligomers.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 77
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Effect of solution temperature and absorber pressure in R134a-DMAC system using horizontal tubular absorbers (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: Investigations are carried out to study the heat and mass transfer characteristics of a falling film horizontal absorber by employing a two-dimensional numerical technique. The potential refrigerant, R134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluroethane), is absorbed by the falling film of the R134a–DMAC (dimethylacetamide) solution. The variations of performance parameters along the tube surface are presented for different solution inlet temperatures and absorber pressures. The mass flux at the interface is observed to be higher at higher solution temperature and absorber pressure. The variation of the interface to bulk fluid and bulk fluid to wall heat transfer coefficient, overall heat transfer coefficient and mass transfer coefficient are studied for different solution temperatures and absorber pressures.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 78
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Solar absorber tube analysis: thermal simulation using CFD (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: Solar–thermal power plants are being deployed world-wide. These plants have traditionally used steel absorber pipes. Two types of fluids have been used in such ventures, synthetic aromatic fluid or water. Fluid flow in parabolic trough systems leads to instability in the tube due to the concentrated solar flux on only one-half of the absorber tube, resulting in temperature asymmetricity. The resulting stresses cause deflection and bending of the tube. This paper deals with direct steam systems and proposes incorporation of internal helical fins within the tube to reduce temperature variation. The fins provide an orderly distribution of flow from the ‘hot’ to the ‘cold’ side of the tube. A CFD simulation was carried out for three fin pitches, and an aluminium pipe without fins. The effect on heat transfer improvement and temperature asymmetry is presently reported. It is shown that the thermal gradient between the upper and lower temperature for the pipe without a helical fin (20 K) is considerably higher compared with the pipes with 100, 200 and 400 mm pitch helical fins, i.e. 10.8, 13, 14.9 K, respectively. Also, the thermal gradient for the aluminium pipe was also much lower when compared with the steel pipe.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 79
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A review of state-of-the-art aerogel applications in buildings (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: Aerogels are a special type of solid material with nanometre-scale pores 〈1/3000th the width of a human hair. Porosity is in excess of 90%, in some cases as high as 99.9%, and densities can be as low as 3 kg/m 3 . Aerogels are essentially ‘puffed-up sand’ and are often termed ‘frozen smoke’. Their thermal conductivity (0.014 W/m K at room temperature) is the lowest of any solids, and they also have good transparency. The acoustic properties of aerogels make them effective insulators against noise, and aerogels have the lowest refractive index, and dielectric constant of all solid materials. The unusual properties of aerogels open the way to a new range of opportunities for their application in buildings. This paper provides information on their unique features and reviews the potential applications for aerogels in buildings as well as latest developments in the field.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 80
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Energy co-operatives in the UK (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: The UK is implementing different types of policies to encourage the use of renewable energy for electricity generation. Currently, the UK is falling behind other European countries in this respect. Hence, co-operatives play an important role in helping the UK to move forward. Co-operatives are of interest to the Government in respect of economic development in the community. Co-operatives keep both the business, or entity, and the wealth it creates locally, which also supports the local economy. Survival rates are higher for co-operatives, which will make them a more sustainable choice for businesses and have a positive impact upon employment opportunities. Co-operatives can be adapted to suit all types of situations, especially during difficult times such as the world economic downturn. This article explores the role energy co-operatives can play within the context of electricity generation in the UK. A review of the degree of exploitation of two leading and currently deployed renewable energy technologies is presented for key member states within the EU. This is followed by a discussion on the growth of the co-operatives and their role in meeting the aims of achieving a low-carbon economy.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 81
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Investigations of emission characteristics and thermal efficiency in a spark-ignition engine fuelled with natural gas-hydrogen blends (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: This paper presents the experimental results of a single cylinder Enfield engine using an electronically controlled fuel injection system which was developed to carry out exhaustive tests using neat compressed natural gas (CNG), and mixtures of hydrogen in CNG (HCNG) as 5, 10, 15 and 20% by energy. Experiments were performed at 2000, 2400 and 2800 rpm with wide open throttle and varying the equivalence ratio. Hydrogen, which has a fast burning rate, when added to CNG, enhances its flame propagation rate. The emissions of HC, CO, decreased with increasing percentage of hydrogen but NO x was found to increase. The results indicated a marked improvement in the brake thermal efficiency with the increase in percentage of hydrogen added. The improved thermal efficiency was clearly observed to be more in lean regions when compared with rich regions.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 82
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Experimental investigation on green roofs over buildings (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: Green roof is a passive cooling technique that stops incoming solar radiation from reaching the building structure below. Many studies have been conducted over the past 10 years to consider the potential building energy benefits of green roofs and have shown that they can offer benefits in energy reduction for winter heating as well as summer cooling. Green roofs have many benefits over conventional roofs: they reduce storm water run-off, the heat island effect in cities and energy requirements for cooling; all of this while sequestering some CO 2 from the atmosphere. But because of their expense, the building industry has yet to fully embrace their large-scale implementation. Over the summer', two test structures, one with a green roof and the other with an RCC roof, were built and tested at the Ujjain Engineering College, Ujjain, RGPV University, to determine their cooling potential. Results indicate that the test cell with the green roof consistently performs better than those with the conventional cement RCC roof.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Performance of solid desiccant-based evaporative cooling system under the climatic zones of India (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: For better use of evaporative cooling techniques in humid climate, a desiccant cooling system (DCS) can be an alternative option in place of a conventional cooling system. This paper presents a theoretical comparative study of the performance of a DCS for four different climatic conditions of India (i.e. hot and dry, warm and humid, moderate and composite climates). From the analysis, it was found that the performance of a DCS is suitable in warm and humid climate. The thermodynamic equations of intermediate states of the desiccant cooling cycle are also presented. Effects of some parameters such as outdoor specific humidity, R / P ratio (regeneration air flow/process air flow) and power required to regenerate the desiccant wheel have been studied. The theoretical minimum R / P ratio has been computed for the maximum coefficient of performance (COP) of a DCS and its value was found to be 0.55 in Mumbai (warm and humid climate) for the 80% effectiveness of ECW. This paper also presents the relationship between COP and regeneration power with the different values of R / P ratios.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 84
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Sorption, permeation and selective transport of moisture/VOCs through a CA membrane for total heat recovery (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: This article studies in detail the permeation properties of highly permeable and highly selective polymer membrane for water vapor/volatile organic compound (VOC). A dense cellulose acetate (CA) membrane is prepared by the dry method. The sorption and permeation properties of water vapor and VOCs (acetic acid, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, toluene and ethane) are experimentally investigated. Besides, the mass transfer coefficient of self-membrane can be separated from the total mass transfer coefficient. Using sorption and permeation data of gases, diffusion coefficient is calculated based on a solution–diffusion mechanism. The selectivity for water vapor/VOC is discussed and analyzed. The permeability selectivities of water vapor/VOC are all over 100. The result shows that the novel CA sense membrane is suitable for air dehumidification and total heat recovery.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 85
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Yaw analysis of a micro-scale horizontal-axis wind turbine operating in turbulent wind conditions (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: Building-mounted micro-wind turbines are capable of contributing a significant proportion of a building's energy needs. However, the introduction of this technology in built-up areas has been limited due to a number of issues, such as lower wind speeds, high turbulence and noise. This study presents an investigation into the effect of turbulence, which is more prominent in the built environment, on the operation of a micro-scale horizontal-axis wind turbine. For this purpose, an innovative method of sensing the yaw position of the wind turbine is required, which is discussed along with detailed methodology and the results obtained. The wind turbine used in the experiment uses a swing rudder system, and the effectiveness of this in turbulent conditions was also investigated. This study concluded that the wind turbine missed ~20% of the total power available in the wind and that the swing rudder system was suited to high wind speeds, while the fixed rudder suited to low wind speeds.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 86
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Off-design analysis of ORC and CO2 power production cycles for low-temperature surplus heat recovery (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: Electricity production with an organic Rankine cycle and a transcritical Rankine cycle is investigated in this paper with R-123 and CO 2 as working fluids, respectively. The analysis focuses on the off-design behavior with different control strategies to show some of the occurring difficulties. It was found that both cycles need an advanced control strategy to avoid non-feasible operation (R-123) or significant losses in work output (CO 2 ). A challenge for the advanced control is the required large change in expander speed, which can lead to compatibility problems with the grid.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 87
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Control of micro-CHP and thermal energy storage for minimising electrical grid utilisation (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: The efficient use of combined heat and power (CHP) systems in buildings presents a control challenge due to their simultaneous production of thermal and electrical energy. The use of thermal energy storage coupled with a CHP engine provides an interesting solution to the problem—the electrical demands of the building can be matched by the CHP engine, while the resulting thermal energy can be regulated by the thermal energy store. Based on the thermal energy demands of the building the thermal store can provide extra thermal energy or absorb surplus thermal energy production. This paper presents a multi-input multi-output inverse-dynamics-based control strategy that will minimise the electrical grid utilisation of a building, while simultaneously maintaining a defined operative temperature. Electrical demands from lighting and appliances within the building are considered. In order to assess the performance of the control strategy, a European Standard validated simplified dynamic building physics model is presented that provides verified heating demands. Internal heat gains from solar radiation and internal loads are included within the model. Results indicate the control strategy is effective in minimising the electrical grid use and maximising the utilisation of the available energy when compared with conventional heating systems.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Energy performance of a residential building-integrated micro-cogeneration system upon varying thermal load and control logic (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: This work investigated the energy performance of a 6.0 kW el micro-cogeneration device integrated with a multi-family house by using a dynamic simulation software. The analyses were performed upon varying the climatic conditions, the control logic of the cogeneration unit, the number of flats composing the building and the target temperature of hot water produced for heating purposes. The simulation data were used to compare the performance of the proposed system with those of a conventional system composed of a natural gas-fired boiler and a power plant mix connected to the electric grid from an energy point of view.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 89
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Simulating the influence of microclimatic design on mitigating the Urban Heat Island effect in the Hangzhou Metropolitan Area of China (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: There are many indications that Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a significant contributor to the increased emission of greenhouse gases due to the increase in energy consumption for cooling during summer. Hangzhou is currently the second hottest city in China, and this paper investigates how the West Lake and the Xixi Wetland areas in the city act as passive thermal comfort systems in improving the outdoor built environment and mitigating UHI effect. Through using ENVI-met, this research evaluates the most effective development scenarios of West Lake and Xixi Wetland area for reliving UHI effect. The energy consumptions for cooling in a typical office building located close to the West Lake and Xixi Wetland under different development scenarios of these two ecological resources are then also compared. It was shown that the average atmosphere temperature and urban heat intensity in urban area increased by more than 0.5°C if the West Lake and Xixi Wetland are both transformed to building construction areas. Moreover, the cooling demand of a typical office building in summer would increase by 10.8% due to ambient temperature increasing by 0.5°C.
    Keywords: Built environment and low-carbon society
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 90
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Toolbox engineering software for the analysis of sunlight on buildings (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: In this report, solar radiation and daylight functions for the analysis of shadows, irradiance and radiant exposure on building facades in urban environments are presented. The functions are fully developed in MS Excel using Visual Basic for Applications.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 91
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An integrated approach for sustainable design and assessment of residential building envelope: part II (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: The impact of environment on building and the impact of building on the environment have necessitated that building envelopes be made sustainable. Besides, the issue of sustainability assessment in building envelopes requires considering many factors including life cycle consideration through an integrated approach. As such, an integrated performance model that combines sustainable development values in a single performance framework was developed. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to apply this model to selected building envelope case studies. The model application indicates that sustainable performance of building envelope in an extreme weather and climatic condition is significantly influenced by the energy efficiency performance of the development.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Thermodynamic optimization of a triple-shaft open intercooled, recuperated gas turbine cycle. Part 2: power and efficiency optimization (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: The power and the efficiency of a triple-shaft open intercooled, recuperated gas turbine cycle are analyzed and optimized based on the model established using thermodynamic optimization theory in Part 1 of this paper by adjusting the low-pressure compressor inlet relative pressure drop, the mass flow rate and the distribution of pressure losses along the flow path. First, the power output is optimized by adjusting the intercooling pressure ratio, the air mass flow rate or the distribution of pressure losses along the flow path. Second, the thermodynamic first-law efficiency is optimized subject to a fixed fuel flow rate and a fixed overall size by seeking the optimal intercooling pressure ratio, the compressor inlet pressure drop and optimal flow area allocation ratio between the low-pressure compressor inlet and the power turbine outlet. The numerical examples show that increase in effectiveness of intercooler increases power output and its corresponding efficiency and increase in effectiveness of recuperator decreases power output appreciably but increases its corresponding efficiency; there exist an optimal low-pressure compressor inlet relative pressure drop and an optimal intercooling pressure ratio, which lead to a maximum power. For a fixed fuel mass rate and a fixed overall area of low-pressure compressor inlet and power turbine outlet, maximum thermodynamic first-law efficiency is obtained by optimizing low-pressure compressor inlet relative pressure drop and intercooling pressure ratio. The double-maximum thermodynamic first-law efficiency is obtained by searching optimal flow area allocation between low-pressure compressor inlet and power turbine outlet.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Electricity use in the commercial kitchen (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: Academic and industrial literature concerning the energy use of commercial kitchens is scarce. Electricity consumption data were collected from distribution board current transformers in a sample of fourteen UK public house-restaurants. This was set up to identify patterns of appliance use as well as to assess the total energy consumption of these establishments. The electricity consumption in the selected commercial kitchens was significantly higher than current literature estimates. On average, 63% of the premises' electricity consumption was attributed to the catering activity. Key appliances that contributed to the samples’ average daily electricity consumption of the kitchen were identified as refrigeration (70 kWh, 41%), fryers (11 kWh, 13%), combination ovens (35 kWh, 12%), bain maries (27 kWh, 9%) and grills (37 kWh, 12%). Behavioural factors and poor maintenance were identified as major contributors to excessive electricity usage with potential savings of 70 and 45%, respectively. Initiatives are required to influence operator behaviour, such as the expansion of mandatory energy labelling, improved feedback information and the use of behaviour change campaigns. Strict maintenance protocols and more appropriate sizing of refrigeration would be of great benefit to energy reduction.
    Keywords: Energy efficiency improvement
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Transient simulation of a solar absorption cooling system (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: With non-renewable energy sources depleting quickly, solar energy could prove a viable option owing to its abundance and eco-friendliness. Modeling and simulation of a solar energy-driven single-stage absorption chiller was carried out using the transient simulation software ‘TRNSYS’. An evacuated tube collector coupled with an insulated tank served as heat source for the absorption chiller. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency parameters of the collector as well as the loss coefficient for the storage tank. These parameters along with standard chiller performance data were used to model the system. The influence of climatic conditions, storage capacity and various control schemes with and without auxiliary heating on the output of the system is analyzed and presented in the paper.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 95
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Thermochemical cooling system based on adsorption pumping pipe (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: Based upon the theoretical principle of the thermochemical energy storage pumping pipe system, a new cooling system has been presented. In order to analyse the performance and design of the system based on adsorption pumping pipe process, a simplified mathematical model is developed. Both simulation and experimental results are given and discussed. The comparison of various methods (ammonium dissolves, evaporation of CO 2 , etc.) showed that it is the simplest and most reliable to use adsorbents such as zeolite in this cooling system. A total of 250 g zeolite 13X could reduce the temperature of 330 ml by 15°C in 2–3 min (for beverage self-cooling applications). For future work, a large scale demonstration system is required to prove the viability and long term performance of thermochemical cooling/energy storage system.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 96
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Thermal modeling and experimental validation of solar tunnel dryer: a clean energy option for drying surgical cotton (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: A battery of three walk-in-type solar tunnel dryers was commissioned at M/s Cotton Product of India, Udaipur (27' 42°N, 75' 33°E), for drying surgical cotton. Each dryer has a drying capacity of 600 kg of surgical cotton, with moisture content reduction averaging 40 to 5% (wb) in a single solar day. This investigation presents thermal modeling, energy and exergy analyses for a walk-in-type solar tunnel dryer. The predicted drying air temperature was 2–3°C higher than experimental values. The experimental and predicted values for energy efficiency of the drying process were found to vary from 1.051–1.793% and 1.298–2.224%, respectively, whereas those of exergy efficiency were found to vary from 0.039–0.072% and 0.030–0.058%, respectively. An economic analysis of the tunnel dryer under consideration has also been completed, and its greenhouse-gas mitigation potential has been calculated to better determine its usefulness as a replacement for light diesel oil (LDO) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) drying units. It was found that the payback periods of the solar tunnel dryer, when replacing LDO and LPG units, were 3.03 and 2.26 years, respectively whereas the benefit–cost ratio was 2.12 with respect to LDO units and 3.03 with respect to LPG units. Additionally, it was determined that a single unit of a tunnel dryer can reduce CO 2 emissions by 12.15 tons per year when replacing an LDO unit, and by 6.72 tons per year when replacing an LPG unit.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Thermodynamic optimization of a triple-shaft open intercooled-recuperated gas turbine cycle. Part 1: description and modeling (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: Considering the flow processes of the working fluid with the pressure drops, a thermodynamic model for a triple-shaft open intercooled-recuperated gas turbine cycle is established using thermodynamic optimization theory in Part 1 of this paper. The relative pressure drops associated with the flow through various cross-sectional areas are derived as functions of the low-pressure compressor inlet relative pressure drop. The analytical formulae of the cycle's power and efficiency are derived. The performance of the model cycle is optimized by adjusting the compressor inlet pressure, the mass flow rate and the distribution of pressure losses along the flow path in Part 2 of this paper.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Existing buildings' operation and maintenance: renovation project of Chow Yei Ching Building at the University of Hong Kong (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: Existing buildings' operation and maintenance is the key part of improving the buildings' performance and energy consumption saving. Being different from the new building, existing buildings' retrofits have many difficulties and challenges. This paper is based on a real project at the University of Hong Kong, and studies the process of the retrofits and energy audit for the existing buildings. It also studies how to optimize the operation and maintenance of the building and how to measure and verify the results after the retrofits.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Analysis of a SrCl2-NH3 solid sorption refrigeration system (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: The performance of a solid sorption refrigeration system that uses SrCl 2 and NH 3 as the working pair is analysed based on the heat and mass transfer aspects of the solid sorbent reactors (absorber/generator). The transient, heat and mass transfer model duly considers the effects of reactor wall mass and contact conductance between the reactor wall and the bed. A decent comparison is obtained between the theoretical results and published experimental results on a reactor. The complete system consisting of two absorber/generators, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator is then analysed using the heat and mass transfer model of the reactors. Results are obtained in terms of the coefficient of performance (COP) and specific cooling power (SCP). Results show the possibility of optimizing the bed and operating parameters so as to obtain high COP and/or SCP. The bed thickness, sink temperature and the global reaction advancement are found to affect the performance of the system significantly.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An innovative wind-solar hybrid street light: development and early testing of a prototype (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: An innovative renewable hybrid microgeneration unit has been designed to be fully embedded into a dedicated LED street lighting system. The key feature of this new concept is the arrangement of a multiple Savonius vertical axis wind turbine into the structure itself of the post. A photovoltaic panel is integrated to contribute to power generation. The energy is collected by a power conversion equipment along with a storage device which ensures the lighting also during windless nights. The main application of this project is the standalone street lighting, but also a grid connected option is feasible, making the system compatible with microgrid concepts. Different Savonius rotors have been designed and characterized by wind tunnel tests. The adopted cylindrical geometry has shown a maximum power factor of 0.21. A dedicated safety equipment has been designed to prevent turbine over-speed by automatic stop in extreme wind condition. A full-scale prototype of the generator/lighting system has been installed. The experimental data acquisition is currently in progress to analyse on site performance and to allow energy simulations.
    Keywords: Renewable energy systems
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER CURRENT
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...