ALBERT

Beschreibung: 〈p〉〈em〉Landuse play a role in the determination of main’s social, economic, and cultural progress. In general, the idea of land use is connected to the local physical environment. Landuse reflect a complex correlation between natural historical and socio-economic factors. Besides, size of holding and caste structure determine the changing of land use on the agricultural crops. Such as undulating terrain and hilly poor land determine the process of farming and as-well-as sometime at the capacity of farmers. The present study characteristics of changing pattern of land use in the Sagar district. Slightly more-than half (52.64%) of the total geographical area is net sown in 2021. This proportion is higher than the 48.93% statewide average. An additional 2.29% of the total area is made up of fallow areas. As a consequence, around 75% of the land had farmed. The forest land (24.46%) is quite similar to the average distribution. Around 1.69% of the area is designated as barren and uncultivable due to physical limitations. For a number of reasons, other uncultivated land accounts for about 10.65% of the total area. Land use patterns are influenced by cropping practices and intensity of farming as well as human social and economic position, institutional makeup, and technology advancements. The terrain of its land is ridged on a big chunk of it. Therefore, regional balances of natural processes within them are crucial prerequisites for the rising population's access to food security and its ability to get the most out of the resources at hand.〈/em〉〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉〈em〉The ruling aspect of the present investigation is to study the textural characters as well as to understand the grain size relationship and distributionby engaging granulometric analysis, along the Pennar estuary, South east coast of India. An aggregate of 36 Surface sediment samples were retrieved and a comprehensive study of textural parameters and various size distribution of sediments were analysed at six various stations in six different micro – environments viz., dune, backshore, berm, upper foreshore (UFS), middle foreshore (MFS) and lower foreshore (LFS).  These were further subjected to statistical treatment viz., Mean size (Mz), Skewness (Sk), Standard deviation (σ〈strong〉〈sub〉I〈/sub〉〈/strong〉), and Kurtosis (K〈sub〉G〈/sub〉). The procured results indicates that the sediment samples were coarse to fine grained, very negatively skewed to positively skewed, very well to moderately sorted, and platy tovery leptokurtic in nature and also indicates two mixed environments at some stations. Scatter plots were help to understand the mode of deposition, geological significance and transportation of grains along the coast. Scatter plots also divulges that the sediments along the coast were mainly associated with fluvial process. C-M diagrams demonstrate the type of transportation and deposition of the beach sediments. Ebbing and flooding shows prominent role in changing the characteristics of grains in the Pennar estuary, especially in the estuarine mouth and adjoining river areas.〈/em〉〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉〈em〉〈span〉Currently, wind and solar power generation systems have many drawbacks. Wind and solar power generation Full use of new energy will break the barrier to growth. Location for wind/solar hybrid power plant the primary problem is how to choose scientifically. This article selects six wind/solar hybrid power plants and implements them as a case study and evaluates these six areas via VIKOR by weighting the indicators through the MCDM method. Conclusions Related research findings and better valid, this demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. This macro-site selection plants may provide some theoretical basis. In this statistical methods in the literature and established by statistical analysis. Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka taken this alternative in this method and evaluation parameters are Total investment, Wind direction, Wind speed and speed change, sunshine stabilization, wind power density, energy saving, Environmental factors. Gujarat is on 2nd rank, Rajasthan is on the 1st rank, Tamil Nadu is on the 3rd rank, Indian Karnataka is on the 4th rank, Maharashtra is on the 5th rank and finally Andhra Pradesh is on the 6th rank.〈/span〉〈/em〉〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉〈em〉Flood hazard mapping, which uses model and satellite remote sensing data, is extremely useful for flood monitoring and risk management. The flood inundation extent and flooding depth on Majuli Island and its surrounding area in Assam, India, were simulated using MIKE FLOOD, a coupled 1D-2D hydrodynamic model. MIKE FLOOD is a platform that integrates the MIKE Hydro River (1D) and MIKE 21 FM (2D) models into a dynamically coupled single modeling framework. The study employed daily discharge and water level data from several gauging stations operated by the Centre Water Commission (CWC), Global Flood Monitoring System (GFMS), and Water Resource Department (WRD) of Assam. First, the MIKE Hydro River (1D) model was calibrated using discharge and water level data from 2016 to 2018 and validated for the period of 2019-2021. The MIKE Hydro River (1D) model's calibration and validation results were evaluated using a numerous of performance metrics. From ALOS PALSAR DEM data / SRTM DEM data, a fine mesh and bathymetry of Majuli Island with a spatial resolution of 10m has been created and provided as an input to the MIKE 21 FM (2D, Flow Model). The MIKE Hydro River (1D) and MIKE 21 FM (2D) models were then linked to the MIKE FLOOD model for simulating two-dimensional flood inundations in the study area through lateral linkages. Flood inundation has been simulated for the year 2020, and the model's maximum flood inundation extent has been compared to the actual flooded area retrieved from Sentinel-1 C-Band satellite data. The R〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 in the study area was ranging between 0.86 and 0.97, but the WBL in the MIKE Hydro River model was less than 1.23. On the opposite hand, the MIKE FLOOD's total accuracy is 93.6 percent according to the confusion matrix. According to the most recent model simulation, flooding will occur between July 19 and July 21, 2020, with the greatest and lowest flood depths being 2.38 and 0.786 m, respectively〈/em〉〈em〉. In addition, the MIKE FLOOD model may be used for flood control in the future, and this research will aid policymakers in the field of water management in achieving successful mitigation measures.〈/em〉〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉〈em〉A simulation tool of a sky wave over-the-horizon radar performance and detection process includes many stages based on different models, which creates a synthetic searching scenario as a first step followed by a digital signal processing to detect and locate a potential target. Its accuracy will depend on the quality of the input and adequacy degree of the model assumptions. A sensitivity analysis of this simulation tool is carried out analyzing outputs’ variation as a consequence of changes in input factors. The architecture of this tool allow easy implementation and the study of input variables impact on detection and location results that can be useful towards dimensioning features and elements of a real radar〈/em〉〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉〈em〉This work provides an overview of the use of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques for mineral exploration. The integration and analysis of various data types, including geological, geochemical, geophysical, and remote sensing data, using remote sensing and GIS tools allow for the creation of comprehensive maps and models of mineral deposits. The advantages of remote sensing and GIS in mineral exploration include more effective targeting of exploration activities, assessment of environmental and social impacts of mining activities, and creation of predictive models of mineral deposits. However, limitations to their use include the quality and resolution of input data, the expertise of the user, and availability and accessibility of data. As technology continues to improve and the availability of data increases, the use of remote sensing and GIS is likely to become even more important for the efficient and sustainable exploration and development of mineral resources.〈/em〉〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉〈em〉Himachal Pradesh state is very vulnerable to flash floods, landslides, and riverbank erosion. Efforts have been made to develop a tool that can predict these disasters before the event, so that the authorities can take the protection measures. A web-enable 〈/em〉〈em〉vulnerability assessment tool has been developed for identification of vulnerable reaches for flood, riverbank erosion, and landslide in Himachal Pradesh. 〈/em〉〈em〉Historical excessive rainfall events, flash floods events and its causes, largest instrumented earthquake events have been reviewed and analyzed in detail. A flash flood risk index for rainfall-induced events occurring during the monsoon, glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) risk index to monitor glacial lakes, and landslide risk index have been developed. 〈/em〉〈em〉River model (HecRAS,1D) model has developed for 〈/em〉〈em〉inflow forecasting system and 〈/em〉〈em〉early warning system; flood model (TUFLOW/SOBEK, 2D) has developed to identify the flood prone areas; river morphological model (Delft, 3D) has developed to find out the morphological active areas; historical satellite imageries between 1973-2023 have been analyzed by using 〈/em〉〈em〉artificial intelligence technology〈/em〉〈em〉 to identify the riverbank erosion areas, landslide active area; these imageries have also analyzed for snowmelt forecasting and GLOF study. 〈/em〉〈em〉Multi criteria analysis model has been developed for identification of vulnerable reaches.〈/em〉〈em〉 These all five activities have been integrated in the web-enable real-time vulnerability assessment tool of Himachal Pradesh. This tool can be identified of vulnerable reaches for riverbank erosion, flood, and landslide in real-time meaner, and can predict the flash floods. The tool is available at: https://www.hpVulnerableReach-kupa.com. This tool is very useful for authorities, communities, and stakeholders, who take the protection measures during the disaster. There is still a need for some improvement, this tool can be upgraded at large scale, which can be done with the help of concern department or can be done with more accurate data as well when funds will available.〈/em〉〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉〈em〉Urban sprawl is increasing rapidly with the increased rate of rural to urban migration and with the tremendous population growth. Due to rural-urban migration and continuous population growth; urban centers tend to expand outwards to lodge the ever-increasing population pressure. Urban sprawl has to be considered in spatio-temporal terms to understand the phenomena of urban growth, land use and land transformation.  Urban sprawl is momentous to the quality of life of urban dwellers as well as quantity of rural land lost and land degradation; key issues of agricultural as well as environmental perspectives. Himalayan state of Uttarakhand is witnessing steady and continuous urban growth. Urban sprawl in Ranikhet tehsil has resulted in loss of productive agricultural land of the surrounding rural areas, open green spaces, loss of surface water bodies, and depletion of groundwater too. Problems of dwellings, slums, and unhygienic livings are also growing rapidly with the rapid urban sprawl. There is regular competition between urban and rural areas for land needed for growth and development.  The present study finds out that the built-up areas of different towns of Ranikhet tehsil have been increased from 4.92km〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 in 2000 to 6.19km〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 in 2010 which has further been increased to 7.70km〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 in 2020 witnesses a continuous struggle for space in Ranikhet tehsil.〈/em〉〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉〈em〉A simulation tool of a sky wave over-the-horizon radar performance and detection process includes many stages based on different models, which creates a synthetic searching scenario as a first step followed by a digital signal processing to detect and locate a potential target. Its accuracy will depend on the quality of the input and adequacy degree of the model assumptions. A sensitivity analysis of this simulation tool is carried out analyzing outputs’ variation as a consequence of changes in input factors. The architecture of this tool allow easy implementation and the study of input variables impact on detection and location results that can be useful towards dimensioning features and elements of a real radar〈/em〉〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉〈em〉This work provides an overview of the use of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques for mineral exploration. The integration and analysis of various data types, including geological, geochemical, geophysical, and remote sensing data, using remote sensing and GIS tools allow for the creation of comprehensive maps and models of mineral deposits. The advantages of remote sensing and GIS in mineral exploration include more effective targeting of exploration activities, assessment of environmental and social impacts of mining activities, and creation of predictive models of mineral deposits. However, limitations to their use include the quality and resolution of input data, the expertise of the user, and availability and accessibility of data. As technology continues to improve and the availability of data increases, the use of remote sensing and GIS is likely to become even more important for the efficient and sustainable exploration and development of mineral resources.〈/em〉〈/p〉