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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Es werden mögliche Beiträge geologischer und mariner Kohlenstoffspeicher für die Vermeidung von CO2-Emissionen in die Atmosphäre oder für die Entnahme von bereits emittiertem CO2 aus der Atmosphäre vorgestellt. Neben der Einlagerung von CO2 in geologischen Speichern unter Land und unter dem Meeresboden werden eine forcierte CO2-Entnahme aus der Atmosphäre und Abgabe in den Ozean durch Erhöhung der Alkalinität, durch Ozeandüngung und durch das Management vegetationsreicher Küstenökosysteme untersucht. Alle Optionen können sowohl global als auch aus deutscher Perspektive eine Rolle für das Erreichen der Klimaziele spielen. Umweltverträglichkeit, Permanenz der Speicherung sowie infrastrukturelle und rechtliche Voraussetzungen, gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz und wirtschaftliche Realisierbarkeit bedürfen für alle Ansätze weiterer Klärung, bevor hieraus realisierbare Optionen werden können.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: Geochemical study of volcaniclastic material and radiocarbon dating of charred plant debris from Holocene deposits of the Guram site, which is located in vicinity of Vetrovoi Isthmus on Iturup Island, demonstrate that an explosive eruption (VEI 4-5) occurred there about 2000 years ago. The geochemical and age similarity with the tephra of marker layer CKr that was distinguished on Iturup, Urup, Simushir, Rasshua, and Matua islands of the Kuril Island Arc led to the conclusion that this eruption is possibly a source of this tephra. The data presented are proposed as a motivation for revision of the volcanic hazard on Iturup Island.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: Der Biodiversitätsverlust schreitet in bedrohlichem Ausmaß voran. Mit dem Global Biodiversity Framework und voraussichtlich dem Nature Restoration Law bestehen nun auf internationaler und europäischer Ebene vielversprechende Ansätze, ihm Herr zu werden. Jetzt ist der Bundesgesetzgeber – nicht zuletzt aus verfassungsrechtlichen Erwägungen – aufgerufen, daran anzuknüpfen. Dazu bietet sich die Regelungsform eines Rahmen- und Politikplanungsgesetzes an, wie sie schon aus dem Klimaschutzgesetz und dem Klimaanpassungsgesetz bekannt ist. Der Aufsatz beleuchtet den internationalen, europa- und verfassungsrechtlichen Hintergrund eines solchen ‘Biodiversitätsschutzgesetzes’ und diskutiert – unter Zusammenarbeit sowohl rechts- als auch naturwissenschaftlicher Autor:innen – formale und materielle Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: Variations in trace metal contents and sulfur isotope ratios (δ34S) within pyrite, at the scale of individual mineral grains, preserves a record of temporal fluctuations in the source of metals and sulfur as well as changes in the chemical composition and temperature of hydrothermal fluid during the evolution of the Brothers volcano, Kermadec arc, New Zealand. In this study, we analyzed pyrite from drill core recovered from two geochemically distinct hydrothermal systems at the Brothers volcano, the seawater-influenced NW Caldera (Site U1530) and magmatic-volatile-dominated Upper Cone (Site U1528) during the International Ocean Discovery Program’s Expedition 376. At the NW Caldera site, from 189 m below the seafloor, a seawater-derived hydrothermal fluid forming chlorite-rich alteration overprints early pyrophyllite + illite alteration. Within ~ 30 m of the seafloor at this same site, pyrite contains zones of high As content with a variable δ34S signature that ranges from -4.5 to 3.4‰ (n = 26). Values for δ34S 〉 0‰ record shallow mixing of seawater with upwelling hydrothermal fluids. In deeper parts of the system, but still within the chlorite-rich alteration zone, δ34S values 〉 0‰ are absent, indicating that relatively more sulfur is contributed from magmatic volatile degassing and SO2 disproportionation. In the pyrophyllite-rich alteration zone, pyrite contains Co-enriched cores that correspond to sharp changes in δ34S values from -5.3‰ to 4.6‰ (n = 68). Cobalt enrichment occurs in response to the mixing of seawater-derived hydrothermal fluid with Co-rich magmatic brines. At the Upper Cone site, a relatively constant supply of a low-salinity magmatic fluid results in pyrite grains that rarely exhibit any internal zonation in trace metal content. In pyrite where zonation does exist, a correlation between Cu and Sb and uniformly low δ34S values (〈 0‰) indicates a link between metal enrichment, the pulsed degassing of magmatic volatiles, and SO2 disproportionation.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-18
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: 3D models, generated from underwater imagery, are a valuable asset for many applications. When acquiring images underwater, light is refracted as it passes the boundary layers between water, housing and the air inside the housing due to the different refractive indices of the materials. Thus the geometry of the light rays changes in this scenario and the standard pinhole camera model is not applicable. As a result, pinhole 3D reconstruction methods can not easily be applied in this environment. For the dense reconstruction of scene surfaces the added complexity is especially challenging, as these types of algorithms have to match vast amounts of image content. This work proposes the refractive adaptation of a PatchMatch Multi-View Stereo algorithm. The refraction encountered at flat port underwater housings is explicitly modeled to avoid systematic errors in the reconstruction. Concepts derived from the axial camera model are employed to handle the high demands of Multi-View Stereo regarding accuracy and computational complexity. Numerical simulations and reconstruction results on synthetically generated but realistic images with ground truth validate the effectiveness of the approach.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 7
  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Future changes in the southeastern tropical Atlantic interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variability in response to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations are investigated utilizing the global climate model FOCI. In that model, the Coastal Angola Benguela Area (CABA) is among the regions of the tropical Atlantic that exhibits the largest surface warming. Under the worst-case scenario of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5-8.5 (SSP5-8.5), the SST variability in the CABA decreases by about 19% in 2070–2099 relative to 1981–2010 during the model’s peak interannual variability season May–June–July (MJJ). The weakening of the MJJ interannual temperature variability spans the upper 40 m of the ocean along the Angolan and Namibian coasts. The reduction in variability appears to be related to a diminished surface-layer temperature response to thermocline-depth variations, i.e., a weaker thermocline feedback, which is linked to changes in the mean vertical temperature gradient. Despite improvements made by embedding a high-resolution nest in the ocean a significant SST bias remains, which might have implications for the results.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: A new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae (termed Hal144T) was isolated from the marine breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea. Sponge material was collected in 2018 at Schilksee which is located in the Kiel Fjord (Baltic Sea, Germany). Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length Hal144T 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed similarities from 94.3 to 96.6% to the nearest type strains of the genus Maribacter. The phylogenetic tree of the 16S rRNA gene sequences depicted a cluster of strain Hal144T with its closest relatives Maribacter aestuarii GY20T (96.6%) and Maribacter thermophilus HT7-2T (96.3%). Genome phylogeny showed that Maribacter halichondriae Hal144T branched from a cluster consisting of Maribacter arenosus, Maribacter luteus, and Maribacter polysiphoniae. Genome comparisons of strain Maribacter halichondriae Hal144T with Maribacter sp. type strains exhibited average nucleotide identities in the range of 75–76% and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation values in the range of 13.1–13.4%. Compared to the next related type strains, strain Hal144T revealed unique genomic features such as phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system pathway, serine-glyoxylate cycle, lipid A 3-O-deacylase, 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase, enrichment of pseudogenes and of genes involved in cell wall and envelope biogenesis, indicating an adaptation to the host. Strain Hal144T was determined to be Gram-negative, mesophilic, strictly aerobic, flexirubin positive, resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics, and able to utilize N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine. Optimal growth occurred at 25–30 °C, within a salinity range of 2–6% sea salt, and a pH range between 5 and 8. The major fatty acids identified were C17:0 3-OH, iso-C15:0, and iso-C15:1 G. The DNA G + C content of strain Hal144T was 41.4 mol%. Based on the polyphasic approach, strain Hal144T represents a novel species of the genus Maribacter, and we propose the name Maribacter halichondriae sp. nov. The type strain is Hal144T (= DSM 114563T = LMG 32744T).
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: To advance underwater computer vision and robotics from lab environments and clear water scenarios to the deep dark ocean or murky coastal waters, representative benchmarks and realistic datasets with ground truth information are required. In particular, determining the camera pose is essential for many underwater robotic or photogrammetric applications and known ground truth is mandatory to evaluate the performance of, e.g., simultaneous localization and mapping approaches in such extreme environments. This paper presents the conception, calibration, and implementation of an external reference system for determining the underwater camera pose in real time. The approach, based on an HTC Vive tracking system in air, calculates the underwater camera pose by fusing the poses of two controllers tracked above the water surface of a tank. It is shown that the mean deviation of this approach to an optical marker-based reference in air is less than 3 mm and 0.3. Finally, the usability of the system for underwater applications is demonstrated.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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