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  • Books  (33)
  • Articles  (860,751)
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (753,696)
  • Political Science  (107,088)
Collection
  • Books  (33)
  • Journals  (989)
  • Articles  (860,751)
Source
Keywords
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Language
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Journal
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  • 1
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    Tissue Engineering II : Basics of Tissue Engineering and Tissue Applications (2007)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Biotechnology ; Medicine
    ISBN: 9783540361862
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/11749219
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    White Biotechnology (2007)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Biotechnology ; Chemical engineering
    ISBN: 9783540456964
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45696-4
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Analytics of Protein–DNA Interactions (2007)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Biotechnology ; Human genetics ; Medicine ; Microbiology
    ISBN: 9783540481508
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48150-8
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Protein-Protein Interaction (2008)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
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    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Biotechnology ; Medicine
    ISBN: 9783540688204
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68820-4
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Germany, Russia, and the Rise of Geo-Economics (2015)
    London : Bloomsbury Academic
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Having emerged from the end of the Cold War as a unified country, Germany has quickly become the second largest exporter in the world. Its economic might has made it the center of the Eurozone and the pivotal power of Europe. Like other geo-economic powers, Germany's foreign policy is characterized by a definition of the national interest in economic terms and the elevation of economic interests over non-economic values such as human rights or democracy promotion. This strategic paradigm is evident in German's relationship with China, the Gulf States and Europe, but it is most important in regard to its evolving policies towards Russia. In this book, Stephen F. Szabo provides a description and analysis of German policy towards Russia, revealing how unified Germany is finding its global role in which its interests do not always coincide with the United States or its European partners. He explores the role of German business and finance in the shaping of foreign policy and investigates how Germany's Russia policy effects its broader foreign policy in the region and at how it is perceived by key outside players such as the United States, Poland and the EU. With reference to public, opinion, the media and think tanks Szabo reveals how Germans perceive Russians, and he uncovers the ways in which its dealings with Russia affect Germany in terms of the importing of corruption and crime. Drawing on interviews with key opinion-shapers, business and financial players and policy makers and on a wide variety of public opinion surveys, media reports and archival sources, his will be a key resource for all those wishing to understand the new geo-economic balance of Europe.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 187 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781472596352
    URL: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472596352
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Building State Capability : Evidence, Analysis, Action (2017)
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: development ; capability ; reform ; government ; poverty ; services ; policy ; PDIA ; politics ; foreign aid
    Description / Table of Contents: Governments play a major role in the development process, and constantly introduce reforms and policies to achieve developmental objectives. Many of these interventions have limited impact, however; schools get built but kids don’t learn, IT systems are introduced but not used, plans are written but not implemented. These achievement deficiencies reveal gaps in capabilities, and weaknesses in the process of building state capability. This book addresses these weaknesses and gaps. It starts by providing evidence of the capability shortfalls that currently exist in many countries, showing that many governments lack basic capacities even after decades of reforms and capacity-building efforts. The book then analyzes this evidence, identifying capability traps that hold many governments back—particularly related to isomorphic mimicry (where governments copy best practice solutions from other countries that make them look more capable even if they are not more capable) and premature load bearing (where governments adopt new mechanisms that they cannot actually make work, given weak extant capacities). The book then describes a process that governments can use to escape these capability traps. Called PDIA (problem-driven iterative adaptation), this process empowers people working in governments to find and fit solutions to the problems they face. The discussion about this process is structured in a practical manner so that readers can actually apply tools and ideas to the capability challenges they face in their own contexts. These applications will help readers devise policies and reforms that have more impact than those of the past. | Table of Contents Introduction: "The Long Voyage of Discovery" Part 1. The Problem: The Creation and Consolidation of Capability Traps 1: The Big Stuck in State Capability 2: Looking Like a State: The Seduction of Isomorphic Mimicry 3: Premature Load Bearing: Doing Too Much Too Soon 4: Capability for Policy Implementation 5: What Type of Organization Capability is Needed? Part 2. A Strategy for Action: Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) 6: The Challenge of Building (Real) State Capability for Implementation 7: Doing Problem-Driven Work 8: The Searchframe: Doing Experimental Iterations 9: Managing Your Authorizing Environment 10: Building State Capability at Scale Through Groups
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 257 pages) , 27 Figures, 25 Tables, 6 Boxes
    ISBN: 9780198807186
    URL: http://global.oup.com/academic/product/building-state-capability-9780198747482
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Desalination (2017)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: desalination
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Membrane Thermodynamics for Osmotic Phenomena by Albert S. Kim and Heyon-Ju Kim --- Chapter 2: Pulsating Flow Effects on Hydrodynamics in a Desalination Membrane Filled with Spacers by Armando A. Soares, João Silva, Eliseu Monteiro and Abel Rouboa --- Chapter 3: Desalination: A Means of Increasing Irrigation Water Sources for Sustainable Crop Production by OrevaOghene Aliku --- Chapter 4: Application of Multilayer Thin Film Technology in Desalination Membrane by Syed Javaid Zaidi and Farid Fadhillah --- Chapter 5: Phase Equilibria and Phase Separation of the Aqueous Solution System Containing Lithium Ions by Long Li, Yafei Guo and Tianlong Deng --- Chapter 6: Marmara Seawater Desalination by Membrane Distillation: Direct Consumption Assessment of Produced Drinking Water by Coskun Aydiner, Derya Y. Koseoglu Imer, Salim Oncel, Esra Can Dogan, Ali Oguzhan Narci, Serif Cakmak, Tugba Nur Yilmaz, Emin Ender Celebi and Yasemin Melek Tilki --- Chapter 7: On the Purification of Agro-Industrial Wastewater by Membrane Technologies: The Case of Olive Mill Effluents by Javier Miguel Ochando-Pulido and Antonio Martinez-Ferez --- Chapter 8: Solar Thermal-Driven Desalination Pursuing Products of Pure Water and Salts and Leaving Minimum Impact to Environment by Ben Xu, Peiwen Li and Penghua Guo --- Chapter 9: Responding to Water Challenges Through Desalination: Energy Considerations by George Arampatzis, Avraam Kartalidis and Dionysis Assimacopoulos --- Chapter 10: Importance and Significance of UF/MF Membrane Systems in Desalination Water Treatment by Iqbal Ahmed, Khaled S. Balkhair, Muhammad H. Albeiruttye and Amer Ahmed Jamil Shaiban --- Chapter 11: NEREU Project: Construction of a Plasma Reactor for Reform of Greenhouse Gases for Treatment of Wastewater of the Marine Farms by André Pedral S. de Sena --- Chapter 12: Low-Cost Multi-Effect Solar Still: Alternative Appropriate Technology for Personal Desalination by Pak Hunkyun
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535133643
    URL: https://www.intechopen.com/books/desalination
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Current Topics in the Utilization of Clay in Industrial and Medical Applications (2018)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: clay ; clay minerals ; civil engineering ; medical applications
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Montmorillonite: An Introduction to Properties and Utilization / by Faheem Uddin --- 2. Recycling of Steelmaking Plant Wastes in Clay Bricks / by Carlos Maurício F. Vieira, Lucas Fonseca Amaral and Sergio N. Monteiro --- 3. Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Raw and Modified Clays and Their Application in Arsenic and Fluoride Removal: Review / by Mugera W. Gitari and Rabelani Mudzielwana --- 4. Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites for Corrosion Protection / by Abdullah Al-Shahrani, Ihsan Taie, Aziz Fihri and Gasan Alabedi --- 5. The Importance of Clay in Geotechnical Engineering / by Nazile Ural --- 6. Clay Grouting Mechanisms and Applications / by Wen-Chieh Cheng --- 7. Calcium Phosphate/Clay Nanotube Bone Cement with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Sustained Drug Release / by Udayabhanu Jammalamadaka, Karthik Tappa and David K. Mills --- 8. The Effect of Clay Type on the Physicochemical Properties of New Hydrogel Clay Nanocomposites / by Tatiana Munteanu, Claudia Mihaela Ninciuleanu, Ioana Catalina Gifu, Bogdan Trica, Elvira Alexandrescu, Augusta Raluca Gabor, Silviu Preda, Cristian Petcu, Cristina Lavinia Nistor, Sabina Georgiana Nitu and Raluca Ianchis --- 9. Development of Clay Nanoparticles Toward Bio and Medical Applications / by Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Sarvenaz Salahi, Mojgan Hosseini, Ali Mohammad Amani and Aziz Babapoor
    ISBN: 9781789237290
    URL: https://www.intechopen.com/books/current-topics-in-the-utilization-of-clay-in-industrial-and-medical-applications
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  • 9
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    Biotechnology for the Future (2005)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
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    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Biotechnology
    ISBN: 9783540315544
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/b136409
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Sterile Filtration (2006)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
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    Keywords: Analytical biochemistry ; Biochemistry ; Biotechnology ; Medical laboratories ; Microbiology
    ISBN: 9783540330189
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/b101405
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  • 11
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    Biosensing for the 21st Century (2008)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
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    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Biotechnology ; Human genetics ; Medicine ; Microbiology
    ISBN: 9783540752011
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75201-1
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  • 12
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    Biofuels (2007)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
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    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Biotechnology ; Chemical engineering ; Industrial engineering
    ISBN: 9783540736516
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73651-6
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  • 13
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    Cell Separation : Fundamentals, Analytical and Preparative Methods (2007)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
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    Keywords: Analytical biochemistry ; Biotechnology ; Cell biology
    ISBN: 9783540752639
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75263-9
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  • 14
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    Alberta Oil and the Decline of Democracy in Canada (2015)
    Edmonton : Athabasca University Press
    Details
    Keywords: C.B. Macpherson ; resource-rich economies ; oil ; Progressive Conservatives ; oil industry ; climate change
    Description / Table of Contents: Prior to May 2015, the oil-rich jurisdiction of Alberta had, for over four decades, been a one-party state. During that time, the rule of the Progressive Conservatives essentially went unchallenged, with critiques of government policy falling on deaf ears and Alberta ranking behind other provinces in voter turnout. Given the province’s economic reliance on oil revenues, a symbiotic relationship also developed between government and the oil industry. Cross-national studies have detected a correlation between oil-dependent economies and authoritarian rule, a pattern particularly evident in Africa and the Middle East. Alberta Oil and the Decline of Democracy in Canada sets out to test the “oil inhibits democracy” hypothesis in the context of an industrialized nation in the Global North.In probing the impact of Alberta’s powerful oil lobby on the health of democracy in the province, contributors to the volume engage with an ongoing discussion of the erosion of political liberalism in the West. In addition to examining energy policy and issues of government accountability in Alberta, they explore the ramifications of oil dependence in areas such as Aboriginal rights, environmental policy, labour law, women’s equity, urban social policy, and the arts. If, as they argue, reliance on oil has weakened democratic structures in Alberta, then what of Canada as whole, where the short-term priorities of the oil industry continue to shape federal policy? In Alberta, the New Democratic Party is in a position to reverse the democratic deficit that is presently fuelling political and economic inequality. The findings in this book suggest that, to revitalize democracy, provincial and federal leaders alike must find the courage to curb the influence of the oil industry on governance.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 426 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781771990301
    URL: https://doi.org/10.15215/aupress/9781771990295.01
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    How Change Happens (2016)
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
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    Keywords: change agents ; campaigners ; lobbyists ; officials ; public services ; activists ; social change ; political change ; NGOs
    Description / Table of Contents: Human society is full of would-be ‘change agents’, a restless mix of campaigners, lobbyists, and officials, both individuals and organizations, set on transforming the world. They want to improve public services, reform laws and regulations, guarantee human rights, get a fairer deal for those on the sharp end, achieve greater recognition for any number of issues, or simply be treated with respect. Striking then, that not many universities have a Department of Change Studies, to which social activists can turn for advice and inspiration. Instead, scholarly discussions of change are fragmented with few conversations crossing disciplinary boundaries, rarely making it onto the radars of those actively seeking change. This book aims to bridge the gap between academia and practice, bringing together the best research from a range of academic disciplines and the evolving practical understanding of activists to explore the topic of social and political change. Drawing on many first-hand examples from the global experience of Oxfam, one of the world’s largest social justice NGOs, as well as insights gleaned from studying and working on international development, it tests ideas and offers the latest thinking on what works to achieve progressive change. Table of Contents Foreword, Ha-Joon Chang Introduction Part 1. A Power and Systems Approach 1: Systems Thinking Changes Everything 2: Power Lies at the Heart of Change 3: Shifts in Social Norms often Underpin Change Case Study: The Chiquitanos of Bolivia Part 2. Institutions and the Importance of History Introduction to Section 2 4: How States Evolve 5: The Machinery of Law 6: Accountability, Political Parties,and the Media 7: How the International System Shapes Change 8: Transnational Corporations as Drivers and Targets of Change Case Study: The December 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change Part 3. Activists Introduction to Section 3 9: Citizen Activism and Civil Society 10: Leaders and leadership 11: The Power of Advocacy 12: A Power and Systems Approach to Making Change Happen In Conclusion
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 268 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780198785392
    URL: http://global.oup.com/academic/product/how-change-happens-9780198785392
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  • 16
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    Bitcoin and Beyond : Cryptocurrencies, Blockchains, and Global Governance (2018)
    London, New York : Routledge
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    Keywords: Bitcoin ; Blockchain ; cryptocurrency ; governance
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction: What are blockchains and how are they relevant to governance in the contemporary global political economy? / Malcolm Campbell-Verduyn --- Chapter 2: Moneys at the Margins – From Political Experiment to Cashless Societies / Moritz Hütten and Matthias Thiemann --- Chapter 3: The Internal and External Governance of Blockchain-Based Organisations: Evidence from Cryptocurrencies / Ying-Ying Hsieh, JP Vergne, and Sha Wang --- Chapter 4: The Mutual Constitution of Technology and Global Governance: Bitcoin, Blockchains, and the International Anti-Money Laundering Regime / Malcolm Campbell-Verduyn and Marcel Goguen --- Chapter 5: Between Liberalization and Prohibition: Prudent Enthusiasm and the Governance of Bitcoin/Blockchain Technology / Kai Jia and Falin Zhang --- Chapter 6: Cryptocurrencies and Digital Payment Rails in Networked Global Governance: Perspectives on Inclusion and Innovation / Daivi Rodima-Taylor and William W. Grimes --- Chapter 7: Governing What Wasn’t Meant To Be Governed:　A Controversy-Based Approach to the Study of Bitcoin Governance / Francesca Musiani, Alexandre Mallard and Cécile Méadel --- Chapter 8: Experiments in Algorithmic Governance: A History and Ethnography of "The DAO," a Failed Decentralized Autonomous Organization / Quinn DuPont --- Chapter 9: Conclusion: Towards A Block Age or Blockages of Global Governance? / Malcolm Campbell-Verduyn
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 207 Seiten) , Diagramme
    ISBN: 9781315211909
    URL: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780415792141
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  • 17
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    Microscopy Techniques (2005)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
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    Keywords: Analytical biochemistry ; Biochemistry ; Biotechnology ; Microscopy
    ISBN: 9783540315452
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/b14097
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  • 18
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    Marine Biotechnology I (2005)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
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    Keywords: Biotechnology ; Marine ecology ; Microbiology
    ISBN: 9783540315490
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/b135780
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  • 19
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    Food Biotechnology (2008)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
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    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Biotechnology ; Food science
    ISBN: 9783540705369
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70536-9
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  • 20
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    Green Gene Technology : Research in an Area of Social Conflict (2007)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
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    Keywords: Agriculture ; Biochemistry ; Biotechnology ; Microbial genetics ; Plant breeding
    ISBN: 9783540713234
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71323-4
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  • 21
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    Tissue Engineering I (2006)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
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    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Biotechnology
    ISBN: 9783540319481
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/11579328
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  • 22
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    Financing for Overcoming Economic Insecurity (2015)
    London : Bloomsbury Academic
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    Keywords: Politics ; Politics and International Relations ; Insurance ; Economic Insecurity
    Description / Table of Contents: The world is witnessing the paradox of simultaneous increase in income and insecurity. According to available data, global average per capita income has increased in recent decades, while at the same time actual and perceived insecurity has also increased. This paradox is true for both developed and developing countries. However, the concrete form and causes of insecurity differs across these two groups of countries. To the extent that income levels in many developing countries are very low, economic insecurity in these countries takes a starker and chronic form. In Financing for Overcoming Economic Insecurity, leading experts examine the causes and consequences of rising economic insecurity and policy measures that can be adopted to overcome insecurity. The volume contains papers addressing issues of economic insecurity pertaining to both developed and developing countries and caused by both economic factors and natural hazards. It also discusses the issues at both macro and micro levels. The volume’s focus on policy measures, such as redistribution and reinvestment of profit income in developed countries and imposition of capital control and promotion of micro insurance in developing countries, should be of much help to policymakers as well as researchers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 248 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781472544421
    URL: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472544421
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  • 23
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    Distillation : Innovative Applications and Modeling (2017)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: distillation ; chemical engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Steady-State Modeling of Equilibrium Distillation by Vilmar Steffen and Edson Antonio da Silva --- Chapter 2: Short-Cut Methods for Multicomponent Batch Distillation by A. Narváez-García, J.C. Zavala-Loría, A. Ruiz-Marín and Y. Canedo- López --- Chapter 3: Mathematical Modelling of Batch Distillation Columns: A Comparative Analysis of Non-Linear and Fuzzy Models by Adriana del Carmen Téllez-Anguiano, Mario Heras-Cervantes, Juan Anzurez-Marín, Gerardo Marx Chávez-Campos and José Antonio Gutiérrez Gnecchi --- Chapter 4: Distillation: Basic Test in Quality Control of Automotive Fuels by Ma Mercedes del Coro Fernández-Feal, Luis R. Sánchez-Fernández and Blanca Sánchez-Fernández --- Chapter 5: Enhanced Distillation Under Infrared Characteristic Radiation by Kuo-Ting Wang, M. Quinn Brewster and Wei-Hsiang Lai --- Chapter 6: Distillation Techniques in the Fruit Spirits Production by Nermina Spaho --- Chapter 7: Fractional Distillation of Organic Liquid Compounds Produced by Catalytic Cracking of Fats, Oils, and Grease by C. C. Fereira, E. C. Costa, D. A. R. de Castro, M. S. Pereira, A. A. Mâncio, M. C. Santos, D. E. L. Lhamas, S. A. P. da Mota, M. E. Araújo, Luiz E. P. Borges and N. T. Machado --- Chapter 8: Energy Evaluation of the Use of an Absorption Heat Pump in Water Distillation Process by Rosenberg J. Romero and Sotsil Silva-Sotelo --- Chapter 9: Solar Membrane Distillation: Use of a Helically Coiled Fiber by Adel Zrelli
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535132028
    URL: https://www.intechopen.com/books/distillation-innovative-applications-and-modeling
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    Marine Biotechnology II (2005)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
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    Keywords: Biotechnology ; Marine ecology ; Microbiology
    ISBN: 9783540313953
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/b135820
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    Gene Therapy and Gene Delivery Systems (2005)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
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    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Biotechnology ; Human genetics ; Medicine ; Microbiology
    ISBN: 9783540324126
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/11542766
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    Technology Transfer in Biotechnology : From Lab to Industry to Production (2005)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
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    Keywords: Biochemical engineering ; Biotechnology ; Microbiology ; Microbiology
    ISBN: 9783540315407
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/b14094
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    Regenerative Medicine II : Clinical and Preclinical Applications (2005)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
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    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Biotechnology ; Microbiology
    ISBN: 9783540315438
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/b14096
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    Regenerative Medicine I : Theories, Models and Methods (2005)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
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    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Biotechnology ; Microbiology
    ISBN: 9783540314486
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/b14095
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    Cell Culture Engineering (2006)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
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    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Biotechnology ; Cytology
    ISBN: 9783540340072
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/11751571
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    Thinking Beyond Sectors for Sustainable Development (2015)
    London : Ubiquity Press
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    Keywords: Governance ; Sustainable Development ; International development ; Public policy ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Description / Table of Contents: As we move from the era of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) it is important to consider how development agendas are set, the progress that has been made over the past 15 years, and how current debates are shaping global development efforts for the next 15. This book was, produced as part of a University College London-London International Development Centre research collaboration entitled, "Thinking Beyond Sectors for Sustainable Development". The aim of the book is to provide a concise introduction to the debates in a number of vital development sectors, review progress made in each sector, and to consider how looking beyond sectors might open new opportunities for inclusive, sustainable development. Each chapter in this book was produced collaboratively by academics from a wide number of disciplines. As such, it represents a truly interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral effort, of the kind that will be necessary for successful development and implementation of future international development goals.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 110 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781909188433
    URL: https://doi.org/10.5334/bao
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    Globalization and Responsibility (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: globalization
    Description / Table of Contents: The book "Globalization and Responsibility" consists of 8 chapters. The chapters in the book offer a decentered and dynamic terminology. They show that globalization consists of not only an objective process, but also of a lot of statements that define, describe and analyze the different experiences of the process. The chapters are written by authors and researchers from different academic disciplines, cultures and social contexts, therefore different experiences and scientific analyses on the consequences of globalization have been unified, starting from the multicultural and social epistemology to ethics of responsibility. Each chapter can be read separately, but in a complex, interconnected global universe of intertextuality of our world.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106555
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/globalization-and-responsibility
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    Arctic Governance : Power in Cross-border Cooperation (2018)
    Manchester : Manchester University Press
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    Keywords: Arctic ; governance ; power ; environmental cooperation ; indigenous diplomacy ; expert knowledge ; international relations ; political geography ; Russia ; Arctic Council
    Description / Table of Contents: This book seeks to pose and explore a question that sheds light on the contested but largely cooperative nature of Arctic governance in the post-Cold War period: how does power matter – and how has it mattered – in shaping cross-border cooperation and diplomacy in the Arctic? Each chapter functions as a window through which power relations in the Arctic are explored. Issues include how representing the Arctic region matters for securing preferred outcomes, how circumpolar cooperation is marked by regional hierarchies and how Arctic governance has become a global social site in its own right, replete with disciplining norms for steering diplomatic behaviour. This book draws upon Russia’s role in the Arctic Council as an extended case study and examines how Arctic cross-border governance can be understood as a site of competition over the exercise of authority.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 164 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    ISBN: 9781526131645
    URL: https://www.doabooks.org/doab?func=search&query=rid:26948
    Language: English
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    World Development Report 2020 : Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains (2020)
    Washington, D. C. : The World Bank
    Details
    Keywords: world development
    Description / Table of Contents: Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. This book examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 266 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    ISBN: 9781464814952
    URL: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/32437
    Language: English
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    Compulsory Competitive Tendering And Local Government Financial Services: An Analysis Of The Views Of Local Government Accountants In The North West Of England (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Between 1979 and 1997, successive Conservative governments sought to reduce the scale of public sector activity and to introduce competition in the provision of public sector services. A central feature of this policy was the introduction of compulsory competitive tendering (CCT). CCT was initially confined to blue collar services but, by means of the Local Government Act 1992, it was extended to white collar, professional services, including financial services. However, though potentially extremely significant, the support for and implications of such a policy are issues which have been inadequately researched. Because of this, research has been under-taken into financial services CCT and has included a questionnaire survey of 300 professionally qualified accountants employed in 17 local authorities in the North West of England, drawn from county councils, district councils and metropolitan authorities. The article presents the findings of the survey, with a particular focus on the views of accountants on CCT in general and financial services CCT in particular. In addition, it provides evidence that the CCT process, irrespective of views on CCT and its appropriateness for specific activities, has changed culture and attitudes in the case of local government finance professionals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    An Obituary: Peter Self 1919–1999 (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00174
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    Representing the People? Testing Assumptions about Local Government Reform (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The publication of a new report from the Audit Commission, coupled with the Labour government’s declared intention to modernize local authority decision making, marks the return to the policy agenda of long-familiar questions. This paper tests some of the assumptions underlying the reform programme against recent research evidence. Moves to improve effectiveness through establishing a ‘cabinet’ system, or delegation to officers or ‘lead’ councillors are considered in the light of councillors’ own preferences and practices. The ways in which councillors spend their time and their perceptions of the appropriateness of its distribution between activities is explored. The paper then examines the extent to which authorities have chosen to experiment with and adapt their own structures, and considers whether central imposition of radical change is either necessary or advisable.
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    Changing Forms of Accountability in Education? A Case Study of LEAs in Wales (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Political mechanisms of accountability were marginalized by Conservative government reforms during the 1980s and 1990s which sought a more market-oriented approach within the public sector in order to enhance ‘consumerism’. In education, parents were given more choice between schools and were provided with more information on school performance. The promotion of market accountability has involved a reduction in the powers of local education authorities (LEAs) which had been central to the operation of political accountability. However, whilst market-based forms of accountability were firmly enhanced in principle by the legislation, to what extent have the forms of accountability operating within LEAs changed in practice? Interviews with Chief Officers and the Chair of the Education Committee are used to identify changing perceptions and practices of accountability in LEAs in Wales. The findings indicate that although local politicians and officials have been forced to operate within the legislative framework of market accountability, they have sought to impede its successful implementation. The policy community in Wales facilitated the LEAs’ capacity to respond in this way. The market-based reforms conflicted with fundamental values held in Wales, which remain those of professional accountability.
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    Anti-Doping Policy in Sport: The Politics of International Policy Co-ordination (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The characteristics and functioning of international policy processes are examined through the analysis of a case which explores the development of policy towards doping by athletes. Changes are traced in the dominant perception of the issue of doping in sport from a series of relatively self-contained problems which could be addressed by individual sports federations or competition organizers to one that requires extensive co-operation between federations and governments, and which has brought the issue of harmonization of policy to the forefront. The interests of the policy actors are identified and the role of two key organizations, the Council of Europe and the International Olympic Committee, in facilitating closer co-ordination, is examined. It is argued that the process is best understood by using the concept of a policy network as both a metaphor and as an analytical tool. The value of the concept of an epistemic community is also considered and it is suggested that not only are doctors and scientists marginal in shaping anti-doping policy, but that there are also limited conditions under which epistemic communities can fulfil an effective role in the policy process.
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    Human Resource Management in the Public and Private Sectors: An Empirical Comparison (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00160
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    Understanding Policy Transfer: A Multi-Level, Multi-Disciplinary Perspective (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: At the same time that comparative and international political scientists have been confronting the problems of analysing state behaviour under conditions of uncertainty, state-centred political scientists are attempting, somewhat belatedly, to deal with the increasing complexity and uncertainty which underpins modern governance. Yet despite similar research agendas these disciplines have continued to speak past each other. This article contends that policy transfer analysis can provide a context for integrating some key concerns of these disciplines. Further, we argue that the process of policy transfer should be examined through a structure and agency approach with three dimensions: global, international and transnational levels, the macro-level and the interorganizational level. This three-dimensional model employs the notion of a policy transfer network as a middle-range level of analysis which links a particular form of policy development (policy transfer), microdecision making in organizations, macrosystems and global, transnational and international systems. It is hoped that this approach will stimulate an empirical research agenda which will illuminate important policy developments in domestic and world politics.
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    Books Received (UK List) (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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    Editorial: Public Administration in Europe (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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    Evaluating Policy Advice: The Australian Experience (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 76 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00118
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    O.C.McSwite, Legitimacy In Public Administration: A DiscourseAnalysis (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 76 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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    Desmond King and Jerry Stoker (eds.), Rethinking Local Democracy (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 76 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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    The Constitution Unit, University College, London, Scotland’s Parliament: Fundamentals For A New Scotland Act (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 76 (1998), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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    The Constitution Unit, University College, london, Regional Government In England (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 76 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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    Klaus König and Heinrich Siedentopf (eds.), Öffentliche Verwaltung In Deutschland (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 76 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00127
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    Networks, Management and Institutions: Public Administration as ‘Normal Science’ (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 76 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: How does network analysis fit into the development of public administration as an academic discipline? This article tries to bridge theoretical developments in public administration between the middle of the 1970s and the first half of the 1990s. The benchmarks being used are (1) the now classical account by Vincent Ostrom of The Intellectual Crisis in (American) Public Administration - published 25 years ago this year - and (2) Christopher Hood’s reconstruction of core values in (British) new public management. Rather than representing analytical developments as an endless succession of different or even mutually exclusive approaches, this contribution tries to reconcile different foci for analysing public administration. Administrative theory provides us with a rather stable meta-theoretical framework for studying the meaning of quality in government, governance and public administration at various levels of analysis. By relating the emergence of network analysis in PA to parallel developments such as the resurgence of (neo-)managerial and (neo-)institutional analysis, it also becomes clear that network analysis is useful as an analytical device, but that it needs to be linked to theoretical perspectives that provide us with operational assumptions about ‘networks’. Network analysis in itself only provides split ground for reinventing government and refounding public administration.
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    Linking Policy Networks and Environmental Policies: Nitrate Policy Making in Denmark and Sweden 1970-1995 (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 76 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The policy network literature has provided important insight into the way in which public policy is made in Western societies. Most network studies have focused on processes within networks and have paid little attention to the conceptualization of policy outcomes and the theoretical link between network type and policy type. This article defines and categorizes environmental policy and suggests a proposition on the link between network types and environmental policy types. It is argued that the existence of tight and closed policy communities in sectors subject to environmental regulation is associated with the introduction of low cost environmental policies. In contrast, open and loose issue networks are associated with high cost environmental policies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    The Dynamics of Multi-organizational Partnerships: an Analysis of Changing Modes of Governance (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 76 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Multi-organizational partnerships are now an important means of governing and managing public programmes. They typically involve business, community and not-for-profit agencies alongside government bodies. Partnerships are frequently contrasted with competitive markets and bureaucratic hierarchies. A more complex reality is revealed once partnerships as an organizational form are distinguished from networks as a mode of social co-ordination or governance. Data from studies of UK urban regeneration partnerships are used to develop a four-stage partnership life cycle: pre-partnership collaboration; partnership creation; partnership programme delivery; and partnership termination. A different mode of governance - network, market or hierarchy - predominates at each stage. Separating organizational form from mode of governance enables a richer understanding of multi-organizational activity and provides the basis from which theory and practice can be developed. The key challenge for partnerships lies in managing the interaction of different modes of governance, which at some points will generate competition and at other points collaboration.
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    Measuring Network Structure (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 76 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Networks have been a research issue in public administration for many years. Because of the difficulty of measuring networks, they have often been treated as a metaphor, a conceptual scheme, or a management technique (networking). The work on networks in public administration is almost all of the case study and rarely of the comparative case variety. This article presents the results of two studies of networks using social network analysis as a technique for studying structural relationships between organizations. This technique is utilized to show both the research and practical potential of network analysis as an evaluation methodology for organizations that jointly produce a service. In the first study, the network provides mental health services to seriously mentally ill adults. In the second study, the network attempts to prevent young people from abusing drugs and alcohol. The two studies were undertaken for different reasons. The first was an elaborate comparative study of four mental health networks and the relationship between network design and performance. The second was a much simpler consulting effort to help a local prevention partnership create linkages to other community organizations. However, in both of the studies the goal was to measure the structural ties in the network based on various types of relationships that exist in a given field of practice. These linkages are ties that bind the network together and become data that can be used to compare networks on their degree and type of integration. The article makes the argument that links in a network are one way that scholars can compare networks in similar or different policy domains. At the same time, the article argues that analysing linkages in an organization’s network is an effective and practical means of determining how well integrated any given organization is in a network.
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    Ownership or Competition? An Evaluation of the Effects of Privatization on Industrial Relations Institutions, Processes and Outcomes (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This paper examines whether privatization and exposure to product market competition leads to changes in labour management and industrial relations. Three sets of propositions are examined: privatization will lead to lower changes in industrial relations institutions and processes; privatization will lead to lower average levels of remuneration relative to public sector firms; and privatization will lead to relatively higher levels of efficiency. In each instance it is hypothesized that competition will add to ownership effects. These propositions are examined drawing on data derived from the UK bus industry.
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    Competition as Public Policy: a Review of Challenge Funding (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Since their introduction in 1984 Challenge funds have been widely adopted by central government. They are now used by twelve government departments to distribute competitively more than £3,250 million of Exchequer funds. The introduction of Challenge funds appears to have been politically driven, usually focusing on the objectives of cost and efficiency rather than quality and equity. They represent a further manifestation of the introduction of competition and ‘market style’ structures. This paper examines the key features of 41 Challenge funds and their operational characteristics. Numerous benefits, such as cost savings and innovation, arising from the introduction of Challenge funds have been put forward. By reviewing other studies, which have investigated the impact of the introduction of competition in producer and consumer markets, and through comparison with previous schemes it is possible to examine the potential impact of Challenge funds. Administrative and monitoring mechanisms are found to be centralizing control, despite assertions to the contrary. There is a growing concern that the level of information collection required is too arduous and it is used to control and regulate schemes rather than as a method of investigating where operations could be improved. Leverage from Challenge funds has been no more successful than earlier non-competitive initiatives. Competitive bidding could stifle innovation and participatory democracy is not encouraged or facilitated by Challenge funds.
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    The Transformation of Polish Local Government (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
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    Obituary: a True and Constant Voice is Silenced – on the Demise of Raimund E. Germann (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Index to Volume 77, 1999 (1999)
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    The Iron Ring in Dutch Politics Revisited (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Representatives of Dutch organizations were traditionally given a chance to defend the interests of their members in the many boards, councils and commissions that together form the corporatist channel in The Netherlands. The harmony and welfare the Dutch population has enjoyed since the Second World War are ascribed in part to the work of these institutions. They helped to bridge political gaps of class and religion by building compromise and consensus. But advisory committees and councils have also been described as somewhat shady and essentially closed institutions, forming an iron ring around the departments that hampered necessary policy changes. In this article, based on case studies on the selection of members of committees and a survey of all members of committees advising the central government, we will explore to what extent committees can still be described as bastions of conservatism. We will briefly describe selection processes, sketch a portrait of committee members and compare some characteristics of committee members and civil servants of individual ministries.
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    Between Democracy and Efficiency: Trends in Local Government Reform in the Netherlands and Germany (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    Notes: In this article attention is drawn to a striking difference between recent attempts to reform local government in the Netherlands and in Germany. What has been the prime focus of attention in the Netherlands in the 1980s is being emphasized in Germany in the 1990s, and what is being emphasized in the Netherlands in the 1990s has been the prime focus of attention in Germany in the 1980s. Trends in local goverment reform in the Netherlands have been going from a focus on more efficiency to a focus on more democracy, while trends in local government reform in Germany have been going the other way around. Likely explanations for these intersecting reform trends are built on four pillars: financial crises, legitimacy crises, formal institutions and informal institutions
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    ‘Public Service’, ‘Public Management’ and the ‘Modernization’ of French Public Administration (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Since the mid-1980s, successive French governments have attempted to ‘modernize’ the structures and methods of public administration. Although this vocabulary of ‘modernization’ is distinctly French, many of the actual reforms appear, at first sight, to be based on imported ‘new public management’ doctrines. In this article, we analyse the recent French reforms and the ideas underpinning them and we attempt to locate these reforms in their comparative context, employing data from a wide range of official reports and secondary sources and from a series of semi-structured interviews with senior officials. We build on the analyses of Hood (1991 and 1995) and Wright (1994) that if many governments are dealing with similar problems by adopting similar approaches to reforms based on private sector man-agement methods, the actual nature of the reforms in any individual state depends on the national context, or ‘initial endowment’. In France, the importance of administrative law, the successful experience of nationalized, monopoly, public-service providers in the post-war period, the political weight and established rights of civil servants, and the idea of the ‘general interest’, represented at the local level by the prefect, explain many of the distinctive features of the hybrid modernization reforms. In short, an analysis of the policy of modernization and its origin leads to conclusions which are highly consistent with new institutional explanations of policy making (Hall 1987)
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    Introduction: Networks in Public Administration (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 76 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: In the introductory article to the special issue on Comparing Networks, the editors discuss the meaning of the concept of networks in relation to other recent conceptual developments in public administration such as (neo)institutional and (neo)managerial analysis. They trace the broadly understood historical development of network analysis back to the late 1960s and early 1970s and highlight some important factors in its development up to the present-day demands placed on public administration by both globalization and decentralization. The result is organizational fragmentation. Network analysis makes it clear that people working in government and administration will have to learn to think of organization as an external, not internal activity. The prospect is that hierarchical control will be replaced by continuing processes of bargaining among interested parties within most fields of public administration.
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    Quasi-market Transformation: An Institutionalist Approach to Change in UK Hospitals (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 76 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Quasi-market transformation (QMT) refers to the process by which the dominant organizational form in a field is replaced, following the introduction of a quasi-market. In this article, analysis of comparative case-study data reveals that, until the early 1990s, a common interpretive scheme, or set of values and norms, underpinned a set of structures and systems in many UK hospitals. These similarities of form are represented as the directly managed (DM) hospital archetype. When change initiatives challenged this archetype, the outcomes were negotiated and the interpretive scheme remained largely unscathed. Following the introduction of a quasi-market in 1991, a new trust hospital interpretive scheme has emerged. For the first time, UK hospitals have experienced transformation and now display an alternative set of structures and systems. This article explains how the trust hospital archetype has become legitimized through different tracks of change within individual hospitals.
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    The Autopoiesis of Administrative Systems: Niklas Luhmann on Public Administration and Public Policy (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 75 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This article offers an introduction to Niklas Luhmann’s theory of social systems as it pertains to public administration and policy, as a first step towards both a critique and its empirical application to empirical reality. It reconstructs Luhmann’s early writings on bureaucracy and policy-making and shows how this early, more empirical work grounded his abstract theory of social systems in general and the political system in particular. The article also introduces some central concepts of Luhmann’s more recent work on the autopoietic nature of social systems and considers the latter’s consequences for bureaucratic adaptiveness and governmental steering in the welfare state. One of the main benefits of applying Luhmann’s theory to public administration, the article concludes, is that it conceptualizes the central concerns of public administration within a complex picture of society as a whole, in which both the agency that issues decisions and the realm affected by these decisions are included.
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    Hearing But Not Listening: The Local Government Review Process (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 75 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This article presents a study of the local government review process in West Sussex. As in any local government reorganization the career and status concerns of individuals and broader positions of coalitions dominant in different organizations provide the dynamic to a ‘play of power’ which is in turn conditioned by external events and contextual factors. Underlying the analysis is a concern to assess whether in particular the presence of an independent commission facilitated the application of an element of policy analysis and learning into the process. It is concluded that little in the way of a reflective and deliberative process occurred. Equally it is noted that to achieve such qualities in public decision-making is a challenging and daunting task when major organizational interests are at stake.
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    Books Received (UK List) (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2000
    Public administration 78 (2000), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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    Designing Health Service Organization in the UK, 1968 to 1998: from Blueprint to Bright Idea and ‘Manipulated Emergence’ (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Four sets of reforms of the National Health Service are employed to illustrate the changing character of policy making in this sector over a thirty year period, from the production of a carefully developed technocratic blueprint for its organization to the promulgation of a series of bright ideas accompanied by incentives for local actors to develop them into concrete organizational arrangements consonant with these ideas. We term this latter approach ‘manipulated emergence’ and relate it to the literatures of organizational culture and of post-Fordism. The approach adopted by the 1997 Labour government is largely, though not wholly consistent with this, and it remains to be seen whether the high-water mark of manipulated emergence has passed.
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    Implementing Privatization Policies in ‘Next Steps’ Agencies (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This article examines the implementation of privatization policies in two ‘Next Steps’ agencies. This is discussed with reference to the broader theoretical and empirical questions of how do institutions change and when are political actors constrained in implementing their policy choices. Cortell and Peterson’s framework for explaining institutional change, and the concept of intra-state policy networks are used to analyse the cases. The differential outcomes identified illustrate how constraints operate and how these may be overcome by strategic actors to produce change. Constraints in these cases arose from fragmentation and dependence in central government, from differing institutionalized beliefs and from the development of intra-state networks between the departments and agencies. The paper concludes by suggesting that the type of intra-state networks created through agencification can be seen to have an effect on policy outcomes and are worthy of more detailed research.
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    The Welsh Office and Welsh Autonomy (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This article examines the claim that, by the late 1980s, the Welsh Office possessed sufficient autonomy to implement policies that diverged from those of the functional Whitehall ministries. Two case studies, housing and education, are examined as these are areas where institutional autonomy and distinctive needs might be expected to be most apparent in Wales. The conclusion of this article is that the claims of Welsh exceptionalism (certainly in terms of policies) have been much exaggerated and that the ‘centre’, Westminster and Whitehall, was able to impose its preferred policies in Wales, whatever appearances to the contrary.
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    Public Administration in Belgium, the UK and Eire: a Review Symposium (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Teaching Public Administration in Belgium, Jan Beyers and Yves Plees The Teaching of Public Administration in the UK, Chris Bellamy Teaching Public Administration in Ireland, Bernadette Connaughton Regionalism: a Review Article, Martin Rhodes Shrinking the State. The Political Underpinnings of Privatization , Harvey Feigenbaum, Jeffrey Henig and Chris Hamnett Public Policy Instruments. Evaluating the Tools of Public Administration, B. Guy Peters and Frans K.M. van Nispen Carrots, Sticks and Sermons. Policy Instruments and their Evaluation, Marie-Louise Bemelmans-Videc, Ray C. Rist and Evert Vedung Community Organizing. Building Social Capital as a Development Strategy , Ross Gittell and Avis Vidall Deregulation in the European Union: Environmental Perspectives , Ute Collier New Instruments for Environmental Policy, Jonathan Golub Re-imagining Political Community, Daniele Archibugi, David Held and Martin Köhler
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    More Than ‘Counting Manhole Covers’: The Evolution Of The British Tradition Of Public Administration (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This article is a revised version of an inaugural lecture, delivered at the University of Leeds on 30 April 1998. The focus of the lecture and, thus, of this article is concerned with administrative history and the civil service. The first part of the article is about the pioneers of the academic study of public administration, and the subject’s relationship with political philosophy. The second part examines the role of the Webbs and the British approach to public administration. The third part evaluates the contribution of the academics of the ‘Golden Age‘ of public administration. The fourth part deals with changing perceptions of public administration, with a particular emphasis on developments in the civil service; it is deliberately self-referential. The final part briefly considers the future of the academic study of public administration, concluding that it has one.
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    From Chaos To Patterns Of Understanding: Reflections On The Dynamics Of Effective Government Decision Making (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Like other liberal-democratic governments, Australia has been going through a process of dramatic change in political and administrative structures and processes. There has been the well-documented shift from controlling inputs to managing for results which has resulted in the desired enhancement of executive government’s responsibility and accountability for outcomes. A clear understanding of the evolving process of cabinet decision making points the way ahead to the next phase of reform. What lies ahead could, indeed, be more revolutionary than what has been achieved to date. Weber’s dynamic concept of authority and domination, when understood as Weber himself used it, can tell one much about change and future possible evolution. It helps, heuristically, to indicate that government decision-making processes have already evolved to a sophisticated level. However, there is still much development that should be undertaken to maintain the quality of decision making. For instance, the move to small policy-advising departments and separated administrative programme-delivery agencies could be seen as a natural evolution and quite predictable. Good governance relies much on attaining a balance, in Weber’s terms, between the ethics of intention (means) and the ethics of responsibility (ends). Together, they make the ‘true man’ who can have a ‘vocation of politics’ says Weber – but the ‘true man’ is hard to find. What is needed, therefore, are decision-making processes that are good at drawing out this balance. Well-established patterns of social action, encapsulated in Weber’s sociology and typographically oriented hermeneutics, can help identify how this could be achieved. For instance, when one understands Weber’s ideal types of authority structure as the core of a comprehensive conceptual model with constant interplay and movement over time, one can get a hint of how government decision making could be further enhanced.
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    The Public Sector In An In-Between Time: Searching For New Public Values (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: A number of new governance structures has been introduced in the Danish public sector. These include contract agencies, user boards, boards of directors, marketization, corporatization, involving voluntary organizations in public services, EU-funded state border crossing co-operation, and Europeanization in many forms. Despite their obvious dissimilarities, these governance structures have one thing in common: they challenge the foundations of the public sector and territorial representative democracy by blurring the distinctions between politics and administration; between public and private; and between national and international. If politicians and voters are deprived of the capacity to make these distinctions, political responsibility is bound to fade away. Also, each new governance structure down-loads degrees of indeterminateness in the public sector since they may interact in unforeseen ways and introduce new actors, roles and practices in the public sector. This may cause the development of a more flexible public sector marked by ‘local’ appropriateness and adaptability but also by a multitude of inconsistent models and principles. To avoid the latter, a general discourse on values and their institutional requirements and the invention of public ‘domains’ is needed.
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    Policy Network Transformation: The Implementation Of The Ec Directive On Packaging And Packaging Waste (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Policy network analysis has been criticized for failing to adopt a sufficiently dynamic approach to the study of policy-making processes. There have been, however, a number of studies illustrating how policy networks change, recognizing that they are not static entities but respond to changes in the policy environment. This article applies policy network analysis to the negotiation of plans to implement the 1994 EC Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive in the UK and provides a further contribution to the literature on the formation and transformation of policy networks. The analysis reveals significant changes in the structure and operation of the policy network during the period studied. The reasons for such changes confirm those put forward by other policy network analysts, such as the power of the actors involved and conflicts between them. Other reasons include the role of the government and the tight schedule laid out by the directive.
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    Best-Practice Measures Of Resource Utilization For Hospitals: A Useful Complement In Performance Assessment (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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    Reviews (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:Nicolai Dose And Matthias Finger, Public Administration In Germany And Switzerland: A Review SymposiumAndrew Jordan, The Multi-Level Politics Of European Environmental Governance: A Review ArticleTineke A. Abma, Evaluation For The 21st Century. A HandbookLennart Lundquist, Unmasking Administrative EviAnne Bergmans, Understanding Policy FiascoesMartha Blomqvist, Understanding Gender And OrganizationsLotte Jensen, Rationality And Power. Democracy In PracticeBill Jenkins, Strategic Planning And Management In Local GovernmentSusana Borrás, Policy-Making In The Eu. Conceptual Lenses And The Integration ProcessPekka Kettunen, Interaktive Politik In Europa. Regionen Im Netzwerk Der IntegrationTanja A. Börzel, Eu Committees As Influential PolicymakersTorill Nyseth, Government Is Us. Public Administration In An Anti-Government EraPeter Bogason, Teaching Political Science: Http://Www.Apsanet.Org/Teaching/Teaching On And By The Www
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    Public Policies, Private Strategies and Local Public Spending Bodies (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Local Public Spending Bodies (LPSBs) occupy an important position in the contemporary structures of governance in the UK. As exemplars of many of the diverse characteristics of the New Public Management, LPSBs inhabit the fuzzy space between the public and private spheres, both in terms of organizational structure and service delivery. One finding from recent research into the internal governance of three kinds of LPSBs – Further Education Colleges, Housing Associations and Training and Enterprise Councils – was that the language of strategy predominated over that of policy on the boards of such organizations. In this article we assess the significance of this finding. We contend that the two terms are not interchangeable and that a vital distinction needs to be maintained between them. Specifically we argue that policy refers to collections of decisions grounded in public values whereas the concept of strategy, particularly as currently understood in the context of the New Public Management, refers to the positioning of an organization in its struggle to survive and grow. We conclude that LPSBs have been invited to behave strategically within a framework of increasingly centralized policy objectives and resource allocations.
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    Competition and Contracting in the Transition from CCT to Best Value: Towards a More Reflexive Regulation? (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Following publication of the government’s proposals for a statutory framework of Best Value, and the introduction of regulations increasing the flexibility of CCT pending its abolition, this paper examines the relationship between the compulsory regime and its likely successor. First, the paper suggests that the Best Value frame-work is likely to impose a range of regulatory, monitoring and enforcement constraints similar in effect to the formal requirements that operate under CCT. Continuity with Conservative policy will be reinforced practically through transitional arrangements for the gradual abolition of CCT and the phased introduction of its replacement. Second, the paper argues that contracting is likely to continue to have a significant role under the new regime as the natural adjunct to the voluntary competitive processes that will be the preferred management tools for securing improvements in service performance. Open tendering and public-private sector partnership arrangements, both of which imply contractual governance, are given explicit priority in the consultation document over benchmarking, performance indicators and other comparative public management mechanisms. Third, the paper argues that local authorities are likely to want to retain and develop contracting arrangements that potentially permit a degree of control over service provision that might not be available were more radical service-providing alternatives to be adopted, involving the complete transfer of functions outside the public sector and/or their vesting in independent companies. Finally, the paper assesses the transition from CCT to Best Value from the theoretical perspective of responsive and reflexive regulation. Following a brief account of the reflexive failures of CCT, the paper argues that, although the Best Value framework is characterized by inherently reflexive processes involving self-review, consultation and standard-setting, its relative success is likely to depend ultimately both on the tightness with which legislation is drafted and on the manner of its practical interpretation, implementation and enforcement.
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    Books Received (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 76 (1998), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
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    The Core Executive, Modernization and the Creation of PESC, 1960-64 (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 75 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The period between 1957 and 1964 was one of immense yet underestimated political and administrative change. It culminated in what many have seen as a golden age in Whitehall. This is reflected by the wealth of records now available for the study of government and policy networks. The period is thus an ideal one for collaboration between historians and political scientists.The decisional case study examined in this article focuses on the early years of the Public Expenditure Survey Committee, as viewed from the perspective of welfare policy. The drive to ‘modernize’ government started with attempts to ‘roll back the state’ and to hive off the implementation of policy to executive agencies, very similar to those pursued in the 1980s by Mrs Thatcher and Next Steps. The reasoned rejection of such a policy was symbolized by the creation of PESC, a centralized attempt to allocate resources rationally. PESC itself, however, was initially a failure. External circumstances, such as the breakdown of political and administrative networks within the core executive, and internal tensions, including the Treasury’s covert attempt to impose its own departmental interest, led the Cabinet Secretary to conclude that the prioritization and strict control of forward expenditure commitments was ‘not possible’. This case study demonstrates how future studies of the core executive might be broadened and deepened.
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    Comparative Biography and Leadership in Whitehall (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 75 (1997), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The article discusses (1) the uses, advantages and drawbacks of the biographical approach in the study of public administration and (2) the application of theories of leadership to senior British civil servants. The argument is advanced that biographical case studies - looking at the personal qualities, careers and achievements of top mandarins - can illuminate the exercise of leadership in Whitehall and the changing role and culture of the civil service.
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    The Conservatives and the Civil Service: ‘One Step Forward, Two Steps Back’? (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 75 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The period since 1979 has witnessed more radical change in the civil service than in any other peacetime era in its history. Such has been the order of change that Lord Bancroft, the former Head of the Home Civil Service, has suggested that the civil service was in danger of being ‘demolished’ and of there being a return to the ills of the ‘unreformed’ service before the 1850s. This would be to take the ‘two steps back’ of the article’s title before the Northcote-Trevelyan report and the Warren Fisher era. Against the background of this possible outcome, this article evaluates the Next Steps programme and the other initiatives promoted by recent Conservative governments, before concluding that the requirements of the work and a markedly unified career civil service need not be compatible, and that there is at least the possibility that the various changes when fully implemented could represent ‘one step forward’.
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    Studying Multi-level Governance. Examples from French Translations of the Structural Funds (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 75 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The term ‘multi-level governance’ synthesizes the overlapping nature of the European Union and implicit theories of EU-state-subnational interdependence. Although stimulating as an overriding framework, the concept’s explanatory powers are not self-evident. Using illustrations from implementation of the structural funds within three French regions, this article endeavours to operationalize multi-level governance by concentrating upon what it could help to study and what it might contribute in terms of analysing change. A case is made for focusing research upon variations in patterns of governance through developing a rapprochment between the study of public action and that of political representation.
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    Regulating Markets: The Real Costs of Poly-Centric Administration under the National Health Insurance Scheme (1912–46) (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 75 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Using a transaction cost perspective, this article explores the administrative costs involved in quasi-market systems of public service delivery. Employing the historical example of the interwar National Health Insurance scheme, it revives Beveridge’s early criticisms of the duplication and expense incurred by the utilization of approved societies for benefit administration purposes. To this we should add the costs incurred by central audit and actuarial evaluation, the main mechanisms through which the societies were centrally regulated. The article concludes that, thanks to regulatory requirements, this poly-centric system of public administration was more expensive than a state-run equivalent – and that this message has significance for recent reforms. In the course of the analysis, the narrowness of a ‘pure’ transaction cost perspective is demonstrated and common assumptions concerning distinctions between ‘the state and the market’ in administrative structures are drawn into question. The division of public administration into these two typologies is arguably based on a false dichotomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00070
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    Evaluating the ‘New Public Management’ Reforms in the UK: A Constitutional Possibility (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 75 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Far-reaching managerial changes to the public sector in the UK have been occurring in the last few years. Broadly described as the ‘new public management’ (Hood 1991, 1995) these changes have reached new levels of intensity ever since the Conservative Government came to power in 1979. The article argues that the government should be accountable for these changes but not in a way which simply justifies its actions to the body politic but rather by going beyond this to a complete critical evaluation to assess their merit and worth. It is this exposure which will provide its real accountability. This article addresses the contextual factors surrounding the possibility of conducting such a wide-ranging evaluation. It traces a range of different examples which highlight the resistance of the previous government to an open-ended evaluation tracing the sizeable investment in implementation rather than careful policy experimentation and evaluation that has occurred. Finally, and most importantly the article explores the constitutional position of the Comptroller and Auditor General (C&AG) and the National Audit Office (NAO) who could conduct the wide-ranging evaluation which is deemed necessary. The conclusion of the article is that there is a need for an evaluation and any resistance of the government could be overcome if the C&AG and NAO exercised their constitutional right to conduct an evaluation of the reforms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00071
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    Managing the Core Executive (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 75 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: In the build up to general elections there is invariably a wealth of discourse on constitutional and transitional issues and even on the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the civil service, but rarely is there any debate on the manner in which politicians manage the government machine. This article seeks to address this deficiency. It examines the operational factors common to the core executive, assesses the problems usually associated with the government as an organization and reviews alternative solutions. Finally, it offers managerially oriented advice, reasoning that it is the role of policy analysts to prescribe and that it is irresponsible to ignore this function. it is clearly emphasized that management solutions are not synonymous with business solutions. The article draws on universal principles of management, seeking to avoid normative suggestions and concentrating instead on practical considerations. Those considerations include personnel selection, collective responsibility, leadership style, organizational structure and team mentality. The conclusion is that strong managerially based leadership should not be dismissed as incompatible with the political constraints placed upon Prime Ministers but rather it should e the predominant impulse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00072
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    Accountable to Everyone: Postmodern Pressures on Public Managers (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 75 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00075
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  • 87
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    The Competitive Order or Ordered Competition?: the ‘UK Model’ of Utility Regulation in Theory and Practice (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 75 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This article contrasts the principles and prescriptions behind the UK model of utility regulation in the post–privatization period with its workings in actual practice, focusing in particular on the case of the telecommunications services industry as an exemplar of the broader picture.It diagnoses that the system has not evolved, as its primary architect (Littlechild) prescribed, into the rule – where feasible – of the competitive order in UK utility industries. Instead it has metamorphosed into a different system that Hayek termed ordered competition. The unintended consequences of this miscegenation are then evaluated.The conclusion is that a fundamental policy choice remains to be made as to the basic form of the system in the future: whether it should continue as a system of ordered competition as now, or whether it should become a regime characterized by open and effective competition (where feasible) as envisioned by Littlechild originally.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00055
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  • 88
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    Independent Under Stress (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 75 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00048
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  • 89
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    ‘Unprecedented in Local Government Terms’– The Local Government Commission’s Public Consultation Programme (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 75 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The purpose of this article is to describe and evaluate the public consultation exercises mounted by the Local Government Commission for England under its successive Chairmen, Sir John Banham and Sir David Cooksey. The Commission was evidently proud of this aspect of its work, emphasizing repeatedly its unprecedented nature: in itself an unremarkable claim in the context of British local government structural reviews. This article suggests that, in terms of quality and value for money, as opposed to sheer scale, the consultation programme - and particularly the three principal tranches of MORI residential surveys - was less laudable. The article examines each of these surveys: the stage one community identity polls, which might have contributed to the government’s intended ‘community index’, had the latter not previously been rejected by the Commission; the stage three option consultation surveys, the Banham Commission’s instrument for the hybridization of English local government, which prompted accusations of policymaking by opinion poll; and the stage three ‘re-review’ surveys for the Cooksey Commission, which had already indicated its disinclination to accord local public opinion any special weighting in its deliberations. The article attempts to summarize, in two key tables, both the results and the impact of the Commission’s public consultations, and in doing so to trace the progress of the review from an initially proposed 99 new unitary authorities, down to 50, then 38, and back up to the final total of 46.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00047
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  • 90
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    Oxfordshire County Council and the Local Government Review: A Participant’s Perspective (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 75 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00050
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  • 91
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    Book Reviews (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 75 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Leach, Steve Davis, Howard and Associates Enabling or Disabling Local GovernmentMidwinter, Arthur Local government in Scotland
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00053
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  • 92
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    Prospects For Acquired Rights (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: A notable feature of European Union Directives is that they are initially somewhat loosely worded, necessitating constant (re)interpretation by the European Court of Justice. This process may itself eventually necessitate the publication of a new version of a Directive, once again creating tensions between member states. Few Directives illustrate this better than that concerned with the ‘acquired’ rights of employees in the case of business transfers which has recently been revised more than twenty years after its original publication. This article sets out to explore, mainly in the context of the UK: the context and content of the original Directive; its particular relevance for the increasingly popular practice of contracting out; the role played by the European Court of Justice in both clarifying and, arguably, clouding the issues; the process of revising the Directive. It concludes with an assessment of the current state of play.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00170
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    Central Steering And Local Networks: Old-Age Care In Sweden (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Recently, some European social scientists have claimed that the old legal-bureau-cratic model of administration has been replaced by a new paradigm in public administration, characterized by a strong emphasis on collaboration in local inter-organizational networks. The proponents of this policy network approach take a clearly voluntaristic view on policy implementation; network actors build consensus in negotiation processes, and the role of central government is restricted to that of goal-setter, facilitator and mediator. Thereby, phenomena like power and steering are overlooked. This paper gives an account of a major Swedish reform in the area of old-age care, whereby the boundaries between regional and local areas of responsibility for care of the elderly were displaced. By using a variety of control methods, central government was able to structure and steer the old-age implementation networks. The consequences of this central steering were different on different administrative levels: for the county councils, the reform has resulted in a specialization for the core areas of primary health care and hospital treatment, whereas the municipalities have had to diversify their areas of activity. Thus, to understand the effects of the reform, implementation networks must be viewed as both hierarchical and horizontal power structures, where national government, from a hierarchically superior position, can affect formally horizontal relations between actors by creating patterns of interdependence. Central government’s steering has taken on less direct forms than the traditional ones, but indirect forms of steering can certainly be efficient, especially when several mutually reinforcing control methods are combined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00169
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    What Drives Machinery of Government Change? Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom, 1950–1997 (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Machinery of government arrangements attract a diverse and detailed literature, but surprisingly little comparative research. This article provides a graphically presented indication of functional changes in the architecture of national government in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom between 1950 and 1997. An analysis finds interesting national differences, with sharp changes in practice in Australia and Canada, but more gradual incremental adjustment in the United Kingdom. The correlation between parties and machinery change is weak for Canada and the United Kingdom, but all countries demonstrate stronger links between elections, new prime ministers and machinery of government changes. Further, all tend to oscillate between many specialist departments and fewer, broader agenciesThe explanation for such machinery change, we argue, is found in the political, policy and administrative calculations made by prime ministers in Westminster-style parliamentary systems
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00142
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    Probation Officer Training, Promotional Culture and the Public Sphere (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Recent writing on the professions has given little consideration to the state’s potential for threatening a professional formation. This paper argues that the reorganization of probation officer training in England and Wales is an instance of stateled de-professionalization. The process of problematizing the issue and the steps taken to try and mobilize public endorsement for radical policy change are traced, as are the counter-moves of groups attempting to maintain the existing training arrangements. This illuminates two aspects of contemporary public debate in the UK. First, it demonstrates the impact of the requirement that public sector organizations and occupations show ‘enterprise’ by successful self-promotion. Second, the episode is located within Habermas’s concept of the public sphere, in which participation itself – let alone any possibility of achieving the desired outcome – now appears to depend upon relative resources and on attracting the attention of influential news media
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00144
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    Public Policy Analysis in Contemporary France: Academic Approaches, Questions and Debates (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Today French academic studies of government are dominated by a particular form of public policy analysis which cannot be explained using literal translations. Instead this article endeavours to explain the nature of French research carried out in this vein by tracing its development over the last thirty years and focusing in particular upon the role of conflict within political science and sociology. Despite the considerable strengths of public policy analysis, however, doubts have recently emerged as to its capacity to adapt to the theoretical and empirical challenges raised by contemporary politics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00146
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    The Impact of Bureaucratic Structure on Policy Making (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Students of public administration have often focused on behaviour and attitudes without relating them explicitly to bureaucratic structure. They have also concentrated on structural descriptions, and on reorganization processes. These steps are, beyond doubt, necessary and important. However, connecting structure and policy making in order to learn about the consequences of alternative arrangements can be assumed to be the ultimate concern of academics as well as of practitioners. The relationship between formal structure and actual decision behaviour is an issue of enduring theoretical interest. At the same time, insights into how organizational change might affect policy-making and performance are crucial for most high-level officials. I will proceed by identifying theoretical components that assign a role to the formal administrative structure in this respect. The empirical studies I draw on are mainly confined to research on central government bureaucracies at the national level, and how their structures affect substantive policy making
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00148
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    Encounters with the Public Accounts Committee: A Personal Memoir (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00150
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    Reviews (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 77 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:Tom Ling, The British State Since 1945: an IntroductionRobert Pyper (ed.), Aspects of Accountability in the British System of GovernmentDavid Richards, The Civil Service under the Conservatives 1979–1997. Whitehall’s Political PoodlesKen Young and Nirmala Rao, Local Government Since 1945Kieron Walsh, Nicholas Deakin, Paul Smith, Peter Spurgeon and Neil Thomas, Contracting for Change: Contracts in Health, Social Care, and Other Local Government ServicesCharles Webster, The National Health Service: A Political HistoryDavid Marsh (ed.), Comparing Policy NetworksNeill Nugent (ed.), At The Heart Of The Union. Studies of the European CommissionKenneth Hanf and Ben Soetendorp (eds), Adapting to European Integration. Small States and the European UnionFiona Hays-Renshaw and Helen Wallace, The Council of MinistersJustin GreenwoodRepresenting Interests in the European UnionErik Albæk, Lawrence Rose, Lars Strømberg and Krister Ståhlberg, Nordic Local Government. Developmental Trends and Reform Activities in the Post-War PeriodMark Considine and Martin Painter (eds.), Managerialism: the Great DebatePeter DeLeon, Democracy and the Policy SciencesBusiness Division of Brunel University, BOLA – The Business Open Learning Archive
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00151
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    Rationality and Rhetoric: The Contribution To Social Care Policy (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Public administration 76 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9299
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Between 1982 and 1992 Roy Griffiths, then Managing Director of the Sainsbury supermarket chain, wrote two reports which led to significant changes in the organization and management of health and social services in the UK. This article provides a detailed account of the policy process which led to the latter of these reports, which dealt with community care, in order to assesses Griffiths’ personal contribution to policy making.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00130
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