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  • Articles  (129,860)
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  • Cambridge University Press
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  • 1
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    Millennial variability of rates of sea-level rise in the ancient harbour of Naples (Italy, western Mediterranean Sea) (2019)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: We reconstructed the late Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) evolution of the ancient harbour of Naples, one of the largest coastal conurbations in the Mediterranean. We carried out multiproxy investigations, coupling archaeological evidence with biological indicators. Our data robustly constrain 2000 yr of non-monotonic changes in sea level, chiefly controlled by the complex volcano-tectonic processes that characterize the area. Between ∼200 BC and AD ∼0, a subsidence rate of more than ∼1.5 mm/yr enhanced the postglacial RSL rise, while negligible or moderate land uplift 〈 ∼0.5 mm/yr triggered a RSL stabilization during the Roman period (first five centuries AD). This stabilization was followed by a post-Roman enhancement of the sea-level rise when ground motion was negative, attested by a subsidence rate of ∼0.5 to ∼1 mm/yr. Our analysis seems to indicate very minor impacts of this nonmonotonic RSL evolution on the activities of the ancient harbour of Naples, which peaked from the third century BC to the second century AD. After this period, the progressive silting of the harbour basin made it impossible to safely navigate within the basin, leading to the progressive decline of the harbour.
    Description: Published
    Description: 284-298
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Geo-archeology ; Sea-level changes ; Ancient harbours ; Naples ; Volcano-tectonics ; Mediterranean Sea ; Parthenope-Neapolis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Ice Complex formation on Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island (New Siberian Archipelago, East Siberian Arctic) since about 200 ka (2019)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  EPIC3Quaternary Research, Cambridge University Press, ISSN: 0033-5894 (Print), 1096-0287 (Online)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-30
    Description: Late Quaternary landscapes of unglaciated Beringia were largely shaped by ice-wedge polygon tundra. Ice Complex (IC) strata preserve such ancient polygon formations. Here we report on the Yukagir IC from Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island in northeastern Siberia and suggest that new radioisotope disequilibria (230Th/U) dates of the Yukagir IC peat confirm its formation during the MIS 7a-c Interglacial. The preservation of the ice-rich Yukagir IC proves its resilience to Last Interglacial and lateglacial-Holocene warming. This study compares the Yukagir IC to IC strata of MIS 5, MIS 3 and MIS 2 ages exposed on Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island. Besides high intrasedimental ice content and syngenetic ice wedges intersecting silts, sandy silts, the Yukagir IC is characterized by high organic matter (OM) accumulation and low OM decomposition of a distinctive Drepanocladus moss-peat. The Yukagir IC pollen data reveals grassshrub-moss tundra indicating rather wet summer conditions similar to modern ones. The stable isotope composition of Yukagir IC wedge ice is similar to those of the MIS 5 and MIS 3 ICs pointing to similar atmospheric moisture generation and transport patterns in winter. Ice Complex data from glacial and interglacial periods provide insights into permafrost and climate dynamics since about 200 ka.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    SHMIP The subglacial hydrology model intercomparison Project (2018)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Glaciology, Cambridge University Press, 64, pp. 897-916, ISSN: 0022-1430
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-02
    Description: Subglacial hydrology plays a key role in many glaciological processes, including ice dynamics via the modulation of basal sliding. Owing to the lack of an overarching theory, however, a variety of model approximations exist to represent the subglacial drainage system. The Subglacial Hydrology Model Intercomparison Project (SHMIP) provides a set of synthetic experiments to compare existing and future models. We present the results from 13 participating models with a focus on effective pressure and discharge. For many applications (e.g. steady states and annual variations, low input scenarios) a simple model, such as an inefficient-system-only model, a flowline or lumped model, or a porous-layer model provides results comparable to those of more complex models. However, when studying short term (e.g. diurnal) variations of the water pressure, the use of a two-dimensional model incorporating physical representations of both efficient and inefficient drainage systems yields results that are significantly different from those of simpler models and should be preferentially applied. The results also emphasise the role of water storage in the response of water pressure to transient recharge. Finally, we find that the localisation of moulins has a limited impact except in regions of sparse moulin density.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Inconsistent change in surface hydrography of the eastern Arabian Sea during the last four glacial–interglacial intervals (2019)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  EPIC3Geological Magazine, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-12, ISSN: 0016-7568
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-12-08
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 5
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    Influence of glacial water and carbonate minerals on wintertime sea-ice biogeochemistry and the CO2 system in an Arctic fjord in Svalbard (2020)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  EPIC3Annals of Glaciology, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-21, ISSN: 0260-3055
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-24
    Description: The effect of freshwater sources on wintertime sea-ice CO2 processes was studied from the glacier front to the outer Tempelfjorden, Svalbard, in sea ice, glacier ice, brine and snow. March–April 2012 was mild, and the fjord was mainly covered with drift ice, in contrast to the observed thicker fast ice in the colder April 2013. This resulted in different physical and chemical properties of the sea ice and under-ice water. Data from stable oxygen isotopic ratios and salinity showed that the sea ice at the glacier front in April 2012 contained on average 54% of frozen-in glacial meltwater. This was five times higher than in April 2013, where the ice was frozen seawater. In April 2012, the largest excess of sea-ice total alkalinity (AT), carbonate ion ([CO32−]) and bicarbonate ion concentrations ([HCO3−]) relative to salinity was mainly related to dissolved dolomite and calcite incorporated during freezing of mineral-enriched glacial water. In April 2013, the excess of these variables was mainly due to ikaite dissolution as a result of sea-ice processes. Dolomite dissolution increased sea-ice AT twice as much as ikaite and calcite dissolution, implying different buffering capacity and potential for ocean CO2 uptake in a changing climate.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
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    The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP) (2020)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  EPIC3Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press, 62(4), pp. 725-757, ISSN: 0033-8222
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-24
    Description: Radiocarbon (14C) ages cannot provide absolutely dated chronologies for archaeological or paleoenvironmental studies directly but must be converted to calendar age equivalents using a calibration curve compensating for fluctuations in atmospheric 14C concentration. Although calibration curves are constructed from independently dated archives, they invariably require revision as new data become available and our understanding of the Earth system improves. In this volume the international 14C calibration curves for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, as well as for the ocean surface layer, have been updated to include a wealth of new data and extended to 55,000 cal BP. Based on tree rings, IntCal20 now extends as a fully atmospheric record to ca. 13,900 cal BP. For the older part of the timescale, IntCal20 comprises statistically integrated evidence from floating tree-ring chronologies, lacustrine and marine sediments, speleothems, and corals. We utilized improved evaluation of the timescales and location variable 14C offsets from the atmosphere (reservoir age, dead carbon fraction) for each dataset. New statistical methods have refined the structure of the calibration curves while maintaining a robust treatment of uncertainties in the 14C ages, the calendar ages and other corrections. The inclusion of modeled marine reservoir ages derived from a three-dimensional ocean circulation model has allowed us to apply more appropriate reservoir corrections to the marine 14C data rather than the previous use of constant regional offsets from the atmosphere. Here we provide an overview of the new and revised datasets and the associated methods used for the construction of the IntCal20 curve and explore potential regional offsets for tree-ring data. We discuss the main differences with respect to the previous calibration curve, IntCal13, and some of the implications for archaeology and geosciences ranging from the recent past to the time of the extinction of the Neanderthals.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 7
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    The Southern Ocean: an extreme environment or just home of unique ecosystems? (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  EPIC3Life in extreme environments - Insights in biological capability, Ecological Reviews, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 16 p., pp. 218-233, ISBN: 978-1-108-72420-3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-05
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 8
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    Investigating sea urchin densities critical to macroalgal control on degraded coral reefs (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Conservation, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-6, ISSN: 0376-8929
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-20
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
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    A dual-tube sampling technique for snowpack studies (2021)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Glaciology, Cambridge University Press, 67(261), pp. 84-90
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-25
    Description: The validity of any glaciological paleo proxy used to interpret climate records is based on the level of understanding of their transfer from the atmosphere into the ice sheet and their recording in the snowpack. Large spatial noise in snow properties is observed, as the wind constantly redistributes the deposited snow at the surface routed by the local topography. To increase the signal-tonoise ratio and getting a representative estimate of snow properties with respect to the high spatial variability, a large number of snow profiles is needed. However, the classical way of obtaining profiles via snow-pits is time and energy-consuming, and thus unfavourable for large surface sampling programs. In response, we present a dual-tube technique to sample the upper metre of the snowpack at a variable depth resolution with high efficiency. The developed device is robust and avoids contact with the samples by exhibiting two tubes attached alongside each other in order to (1) contain the snow core sample and (2) to access the bottom of the sample, respectively. We demonstrate the performance of the technique through two case studies in East Antarctica where we analysed the variability of water isotopes at a 100 m and 5 km spatial scales.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 10
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    A Short Note on Marine Reservoir Age Simulations Used in IntCal20 (2020)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  EPIC3Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press, 62(4), pp. 865-871, ISSN: 0033-8222
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-24
    Description: Beyond ~13.9 cal kBP, the IntCal20 radiocarbon (14C) calibration curve is based upon combining data across a range of different archives including corals and planktic foraminifera. In order to reliably incorporate such marine data into an atmospheric curve, we need to resolve these records into their constituent atmospheric signal and marine reservoir age. We present results of marine reservoir age simulations enabling this resolution, applying the LSG ocean general circulation model forced with various climatic background conditions and with atmospheric radiocarbon changes according to the Hulu Cave speleothem record. Simulating the spatiotemporal evolution of reservoir ages between 54,000 and 10,700 cal BP, we find reservoir ages between 500 and 1400 yr in the low- and mid-latitudes, but also more than 3000 yr in the polar seas. Our results are broadly in agreement with available marine radiocarbon reconstructions, with the caveat that continental margins, marginal seas, or tropical lagoons are not properly resolved in our coarse-resolution model.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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