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  • 1
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    Comisión Colombiana del Océano | Bogotá D.C., Colombia
    Publication Date: 2024-04-27
    Description: Hace tres años atrás el Comité Técnico Nacional de Coordinación de Datos e Información Oceánicos (CTN Diocean) de la Comisión Colombiana del Océano (CCO), estableció un plan de trabajo que abarca cinco años de actividades institucionales para fortalecer la gestión de estos importantes activos del país. Para entonces se tuvieron en cuenta diferentes estrategias como línea base para definir las tareas a desarrollar, y en la actualidad es gratificante para miembros e invitados permanentes confirmar, que lo planeado sigue vigente y acorde con los desafíos del ‘Decenio de las Ciencias Oceánicas para el Desarrollo Sostenible’, las necesidades de la comunidad y los recientes lineamientos de política nacionales e internacionales. En el presente número del Boletín CTN Diocean, se destacan entre otros, dos reconocimientos logrados en el nivel internacional por parte de instituciones que hacen parte del comité y que le aportan al fortalecimiento de la gestión de datos oceánicos de Colombia: el primero, los datos abiertos oceanográficos como una actividad del ‘Decenio de las Ciencias Oceánicas para el Desarrollo Sostenible’ de la Comisión Oceanográfica Intergubernamental (COI); y el segundo, la copresidencia para el periodo entre sesiones 2023-2025 del programa para el Intercambio Internacional de Datos Oceanográficos (COI-IODE) junto con Suecia, en el marco de la cual se inició la asesoría con nuestros hermanos panameños en la materia.
    Description: Published
    Description: Not Known
    Keywords: Acceso abierto ; Usuario de información ; Gestión de la información ; Base de datos ; Sistema de información ; Organización y gestión ; ASFA_2015::G::Geographic information systems ; ASFA_2015::I::Information centres ; ASFA_2015::D::Databases ; ASFA_2015::I::Information handling
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 29
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  • 2
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais
    Publication Date: 2024-04-27
    Description: The freshwater ichthyofauna is largely threatened by the anthropogenic impacts in these ecosystems. The climatic changes caused by human actions and dams’ constructions concerningly affects the freshwater fishes, including its biotic interactions network. Thus, this work aimed at evaluating the Upper Paraná River floodplain’s (UPRF) ichthyofauna under the impacts caused by climate changes, years of extreme drought an extreme flood, and under the impacts caused by the construction of an upstream dam, the Sérgio Motta Hydroelectric Power Plant, Brazil. The sampled years were classified in extreme drought, neutral and extreme flood, according to the predominant characteristics of its hydrological regime, and in pré-damming years, before the upstream hydroelectric power plant construction and reservoir’s flooding, and post-damming years. The abiotic and hydrometric variables were concurrently sampled with the abundance of fish species, allowing to exclude the environmental variables’ effects over the species’ cooccurrence, using multivariate generalized linear models with latent variables. The force of the interspecific biotic interactions was obtained through cooccurrence values for each pair of species, visualized through negative, neutral, and positive values. Regarding the results involving the hydrological regime influence, it was observed differences between drought, neutral and flood years, with stronger cooccurrence values between the UPRF’s ichthyofauna in drought years (for positive and negative values). Regarding the results involving the construction of the UPRF’s upstream dam, it was observed differences comparing the pré-damming and post-damming years cooccurrence patters, with predominantly positive values in post-damming years, and predominantly neutral cooccurrences in pré-damming years. These work results indicate the increment of the cooccurrence values between a floodplain’s fish species due to extreme droughts and upstream dams’ constructions, once the cooccurrence values were more intense under these conditions. Stands out the importance of biotic interactions for the elaboration of management plans and freshwater species conservation in response to anthropogenic actions.
    Description: A ictiofauna de ambientes de água doce se encontra amplamente ameaçada por ações antrópicas. As mudanças climáticas e a construção de barragens afetam os peixes de água doce e suas redes de interações bióticas. Neste contexto, este estudo avaliou a ictiofauna da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná (PIARP) sob os impactos de mudanças climáticas, épocas de secas e cheias extremas, e sob os impactos causados pela construção de uma barragem a montante, a Usina Hidrelétrica Sérgio Motta, Brasil. Os anos amostrados foram classificados em anos de seca extrema, neutros e de cheia extrema, de acordo com as condições predominantes de seu regime hidrológico, e em anos de pré-barramento, antes da construção e inundação do reservatório da usina hidrelétrica a montante, e pós-barramento. As variáveis abióticas e variáveis hidrométricas foram amostradas concomitantemente com a abundância das espécies de peixe, permitindo excluir o efeito das variáveis ambientais sobre a ocorrência das espécies, com o uso de modelos lineares generalizados multivariados de variáveis latentes. Obteve-se a força das interações bióticas interespecíficas pelos valores de coocorrência, positivos ou negativos, entre cada par de espécies. Com relação aos resultados envolvendo a influência dos regimes hidrológicos, foram encontradas diferenças nos valores médios de coocorrência entre anos de seca extrema, anos neutros e anos de cheia extrema, indicando que os valores de coocorrência são mais fortes entre a ictiofauna da PIARP (tanto interações positivas quanto negativas) em anos de seca. Para os efeitos da construção da barragem a montante da PIARP, observou-se diferenças entre os padrões de coocorrência de espécies antes e após a sua construção, indicando valores de coocorrência predominantemente positivos no período pós-barramento, e coocorrências predominantemente neutras no período pré-barramento. Os resultados indicam incremento nos padrões de coocorrência entre as espécies de peixes da planície de inundação frente secas extremas e construção de barragens a montante, uma vez que os valores de coocorrência foram mais intensos sob essas condições. Destaca-se a importância das interações bióticas em resposta às ações antrópicas para a elaboração de planos de manejo e para a conservação das espécies de peixes de água doce.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Interações bióticas ; Ações antrópicas ; Coocorrência de espécies ; Variáveis ambientais ; Variáveis hidrométricas ; Generalized linear latent variable models (GLLVM) ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::I::Interactions ; ASFA_2015::A::Anthropogenic factors ; ASFA_2015::S::Species diversity ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental factors ; ASFA_2015::H::Hydrometers
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 71pp.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-27
    Description: Peatlands store and emit large amounts of greenhouse gases. With the climate changing due to global warming, measuring these emissions helps to get a better understanding of the role of peatlands in the global carbon cycle. Measurements at a bog site of the Siikaneva peatland show that the emissions vary along the different microtopographies shaped by their vegetation and ground water level. To upscale these measurements, a supervised classification of the study area was implemented in this study by testing a method that uses high-resolution multispectral aerial imagery, captured by a UAV (Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle), and a Random Forest classifier. A cohesive orthomosaic of the study area was produced, training data were generated to adjust the Random Forest model, and the study area was classified. The results show that the applied methods were successful in generating a multispectral orthomosaic as well as a classified raster of the study area. A mean classification accuracy of 75.7 % was achieved, which can be considered as a good result. Misclassification rates of neighboring microtopographies with similar vegetation could be mitigated by utilizing a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensor in further studies.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Thesis , notRev
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  • 4
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    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 196-220
    Publication Date: 2024-04-27
    Description: Trunk disease fungal pathogens reduce olive production globally by causing cankers, dieback, and other decline-related symptoms on olive trees. Very few fungi have been reported in association with olive dieback and decline in South Africa. Many of the fungal species reported from symptomatic olive trees in other countries have broad host ranges and are known to occur on other woody host plants in the Western Cape province, the main olive production region of South Africa. This survey investigated the diversity of fungi and symptoms associated with olive dieback and decline in South Africa. Isolations were made from internal wood symptoms of 145 European and 42 wild olive trees sampled in 10 and 9 districts, respectively. A total of 99 taxa were identified among 440 fungal isolates using combinations of morphological and molecular techniques. A new species of Pseudophaeomoniella, P. globosa, had the highest incidence, being recovered from 42.8 % of European and 54.8 % of wild olive samples. This species was recovered from 9 of the 10 districts where European olive trees were sampled and from all districts where wild olive trees were sampled. Members of the Phaeomoniellales (mainly P. globosa) were the most prevalent fungi in five of the seven symptom types considered, the only exceptions being twig dieback, where members of the Botryosphaeriaceae were more common, and soft/white rot where only Basidiomycota were recovered. Several of the species identified are known as pathogens of olives or other woody crops either in South Africa or elsewhere in the world, including species of Neofusicoccum, Phaeoacremonium, and Pleurostoma richardsiae. However, 81 of the 99 taxa identified have not previously been recorded on olive trees and have unknown interactions with this host. These taxa include one new genus and several putative new species, of which four are formally described as Celerioriella umnquma sp. nov., Pseudophaeomoniella globosa sp. nov., Vredendaliella oleae gen. & sp. nov., and Xenocylindrosporium margaritarum sp. nov.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Celerioriella ; five new taxa ; Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata ; Olea europaea subsp. europaea ; phylogenetics ; Pseudophaeomoniella ; taxonomy ; Vredendaliella ; Xenocylindrosporium
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: The oxidation of hydrocarbons, including methane, is part of interrelated hydrogeochemical reactions affecting the carbon budget in Earth’s crust. To investigate these processes in deep siliciclastic strata, we analyzed core samples from Lower Triassic red beds in the Mahu Sag (Junggar Basin, northwest China) by coupling petrological observations with high-resolution in situ secondary ion mass spectroscopy stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses and clumped isotopes (Δ47) of authigenic calcite. The strata contain variable oil and gas content as well as abundant high-valence Fe and/or Mn oxides. Three sequential generations of cement occur, which are characterized as (1) non-luminescent, early diagenetic calcite (MnO 〈0.3%, δ13CVPDB [Vienna Peedee belemnite] = −5.6‰ to −4.1‰); (2) bright-orange luminescent late-stage I calcite (0.75%−5.23% MnO, δ13C = −51.4‰ to −25.8‰); and (3) dull-orange late-stage II calcite (4.10%−12.93% MnO, δ13C = −91.4‰ to −30.9‰). Clumped isotopic thermometry reveals that the calcite precipitation temperature increases successively from 〈40 °C, to 81−107 °C, to finally 107−132 °C, corresponding to three precipitation time periods: before the Late Triassic, from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, and from the Early Cretaceous to the present, respectively. δ13C values of −55.7‰ to −25.8‰ indicate that late-stage I calcite is the final product of oxidation of both methane and C2+ hydrocarbons, whereas δ13C values as low as −91‰ indicate that late-stage II calcite is mainly derived from the thermochemical oxidation of methane (δ13C = −46.8‰ to −39.3‰) induced by high-valence Mn and/or Fe oxides. For late-stage I calcite, hydrocarbon oxidation was most likely promoted by high temperatures, although microbial oxidation cannot be completely ruled out. The higher precipitation temperature of late-stage II calcite demonstrates that the oxidation of methane requires higher activation energies than oxidation of C2+ hydrocarbons. We provide reliable geochemical evidence for thermally induced sequential oxidation of hydrocarbons within deep siliciclastic strata.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of river water chemistry from its source to sinks is critical for constraining the origin, transformation, and “hotspots” of contaminants in a river basin. To provide new spatiotemporal constraints on river chemistry, dissolved trace element concentrations were measured at 17 targeted locations across the Ramganga River catchment. River water samples were collected across three seasons: pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon between 2019 and 2021. To remove the dependency of trace element concentrations on discharge, we used molar ratios, as discharge data on Indian transboundary rivers are not publicly available. The dataset reveals significant spatiotemporal variability in dissolved trace element concentrations of the Ramganga River. Samples collected upstream of Moradabad, a major industrial city in western Uttar Pradesh, are characterized by ~ 1.2–2.5 times higher average concentrations of most of the trace elements except Sc, V, Cr, Rb, and Pb, likely due to intense water–rock interactions in the headwaters. Such kind of enrichment in trace metal concentrations was also observed at sites downstream of large cities and industrial centers. However, such enrichment was not enough to bring a major change in the River Ganga chemistry, as the signals got diluted downstream of the Ramganga-Ganga confluence. The average river water composition of the Ramganga River was comparable to worldwide river water composition, albeit a few sites were characterized by very high concentrations of dissolved trace elements. Finally, we provide an outlook that calls for an assessment of stable non-traditional isotopes that are ideally suited to track the origin and transformation of elements such as Li, Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ag, Cd, Sn, Pt, and Hg in Indian rivers.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: The southwest monsoon rainfall not only provides water and food security over the Indo-Gangetic Basin, it also plays an important role in reducing atmospheric pollution by removing ambient particles via wet deposition processes. In addition to rainfall, aerosol loading and its removal from ambient air are also governed by other meteorological parameters, such as the temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. To understand the effect of southwest monsoon withdrawal on aerosol loading over the Indo-Gangetic Basin, airborne particles (PM10 size fraction) and meteorological parameters, including the temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and wind direction data were collected between July and October 2015 at Kanpur, India, which is a large industrial city in the central part of the Indo-Gangetic Basin. The study shows that withdrawal of the southwest monsoon since July 2015 increased the aerosol loading in the ambient air by up to 28, 43 and 152% during August, September, and October, respectively. The aerosol loading exceeded the ambient Indian National Air Quality Standard limit of 100 μg/m–3 just within 3 months. In addition to increased aerosol mass loading, the concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, and Cd) in the aerosols also increased with monsoon withdrawal. The only heavy metal that did not show an increasing trend was Pb, which indicates that Pb is either coming from local source(s) or that Pb was not efficiently scavenged by wet deposition processes. In general, Cd, Pb, and Cu concentrations were 10–1500 times higher when compared to the upper continental crust and were mostly derived from coal-burning products. The study shows that southwest monsoon strongly influence the physiochemical properties of aerosols over the Indo-Gangetic Basin.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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