ALBERT

Description: In 1938, Verdam published an account of the then-known Charophyta of the Netherlands in the English language (cf. this journal, vol. 3), and one year later (1939) another in our own language in \xe2\x80\x9cNederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief\xe2\x80\x9d. In both papers reference was made to only five Netherlands\xe2\x80\x99 publications on the same subject, the oldest of which is dating from 1846. In studying i.a. the history of the Malaysian Charophyta (Zaneveld, 1940) I found that much more was published on the Charophyta of our Low Countries. As will be seen below, it became evident that the first printed record of a Netherlands\xe2\x80\x99 Charophyte dates as far back as 1636. It seems worth while to publish these notes on the history of the identification of our Charophyta as, moreover, a number of additional facts have become known.\nThe data of the present review have been taken from the following sources (chronologically arranged): 1. herbals ; 2. catalogues of Botanic Gardens; 3. local floras; 4. general floras and taxonomic textbooks; 5. monographs.

Description: Korthalsella Dacrydii (RIDLEY) DANSER, the only species of its genus that is parasitic on Conifers, was, up to the present, only known from two mountains, viz., Mt. Tahan in the Malay Peninsula, and Mt. Gede in Java. For the latter mountain it was, for the first time, not discovered in the living state, but, by Dr VAN STEENIS, on herbarium specimens of Podocarpus imbricata, collected by KOORDERS and VAN DER HOEVEN in 1890. Later it was collected several times on Mt. Gede in the living state.\nWhile examining the materials of Podocarpus and Dacrydium of the Leiden, Buitenzorg, and Groningen Herbaria, I was so fortunate as to discover, in the same way as Dr VAN STEENIS did, several new localities of Korthalsella Dacrydii, and these not only in Java, but also in Sumatra, Borneo, and Timor. The localities now known are the following.

Description: The Talaud Islands are forming part of the Malay Archipelago, being situated north of Celebes and the Moluccas, south of Mindanao and east of the Sangihe group, between 3\xc2\xb045\xe2\x80\x99 and 5\xc2\xb035\xe2\x80\x99 N. lat. and 126\xc2\xb032\xe2\x80\x99 and 127\xc2\xb010\xe2\x80\x99 E. long.\nThe main group consists of three larger islands, viz. Karakelong, Salebaboe and Kaboeroeang. The Nenoesa islands, a group formed by the small islands of Garete, Karaton, Merampi, Mengkopoe, Intata, Kakelotan and Maroh are situated northeast of the main group, including also Miangas (Palmas), an islet about 65 miles north of Karakelong, near Mindanao.

Description: Anthericum Rouwenortii De Gorter, a species not occurring in the Index Kewensis, was described by De Gorter in his Catalogus Plantarum Horti Ulenpassiani, 1783, p. 51 and 52 as follows: p. 51 : AUTHERICUM. 2. Rouwenortii. foliis planis carinatis, scapo ramoso, corollis patentibus. Tab. I. Habitat in Zeylona? Planta e seminibus e Zeylona, si bene meminit III. Baro De ROUWENOORT missis, ante multos annos enata colitur adhuc in Caldario Horti Uilenpassiani, ubi quotannis floret. Descriptio. Badix crassa, tuberosa, subtranslucida. Folia radicalia, ensiformia, carinata, glabra, sesquipedalia, extremitate subulata. p. 52: Scapus ramosus, fere tripedalis, ramis alternis, inferioribus brevioribus, superioribus longioribus. Bracteis lanceolato-subulatis bifidis. Fedunculis simplicibus. Flores magnitudine Antherici ramosi, albi, apicibus petalorum viridibus. Filamenta alba, laevia. Antherae flavae. staminibus longior.\nThe Catalogus Plantarum Horti Ulenpassiani is a catalogue of plants cultivated in the gardens and greenhouses of Ulenpas, the estate of H.A.W. Baron van Rouwenoort and situated near Hummelo in the Netherlands\xe2\x80\x99 province of Gelderland. It contains lists of plant-names and the only species of which a description and a plate are given is the above mentioned Anthericum Rouwenortii.

Description: Several years ago the Director of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, was kind enough to lend me the Sapotaceous material from the Pacific region preserved in its Herbarium. It has been enumerated underneath together with additional material from other herbaria. These have been quoted by means of the following abbreviations, which are taken from Lanjouw\xe2\x80\x99s list, published in Chronica Botanica V, 1932, 142. A. = Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Jamaica Plain (Mass.), U.S.A. B. = Botanisches Museum, Berlin-Dahlem. Bish. = Bernice P. Bish. Museum, Honolulu, Hawaiian Isl. and some specimens from the private herbarium of Mr O. Degener. Bz. = Herbarium, Gov. Botanic Gardens, Buitenzorg, Java. Cal. = California Botanical Gardens, San Francisco. G. = Institut de Botanique syst\xc3\xa9matique de l\xe2\x80\x99Universit\xc3\xa9 de Gen\xc3\xa8ve. GB. = Botanical Garden, G\xc3\xb6teborg. GH. = Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Cambridge (Mass.), U.S.A. K. = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. L. = Rijksherbarium, Leiden. NY. = New York Botanical Garden, New York. O. = Universitetets Botaniske Museum, Oslo. P. = Mus\xc3\xa9um National d\xe2\x80\x99Histoire Naturelle, Lab. de Phan\xc3\xa9rogamie, Paris. PRC. = Botanical Institute, Charles University, Praha.\nBesides, a number of the specimens quoted are probably represented in other, particularly American herbaria, of which no data were available. I wish to tender my sincere thanks to the directors of the institutions mentioned for their kind assistance.

Description: Platanthera angustata (Bl.) Lndl., Gen. et sp. Orch. (1835), 290; etc.\nSumatra: Atjeh, Gajolanden, Poetjoek Angasan, bivouac 1 to 2, 2700 m, blang ground, marshy heath, common (C. G. G. J. van Steenis n. 8350, 28 Jan. 1937). G. Leuser, bivouac 4\xe2\x80\x945, watershed, 2700\xe2\x80\x942800 m (C. G. G. J. van Steenis n. 8502, 31 Jan. 1937). Same locality, central top, Aloer near bivouac 6, 3250\xe2\x80\x943300 m, mountain meadow (C. G. G. J. van Steenis n. 8683, 3 Febr. 1937). G. Goh Lemboeh, from bivouac Aer Poetih waterfall to bivouac Halfweg, 1000 m (C. G. G. J. van Steenis n. 8902, 8 Febr. 1937).

Description: Contrary to what Pliny and Dodoens assert, Satureja hortensis appeared to be very deleterious to onions when these species were sown together.

Description: The only hitherto known comprehensive studies on the Netherlands Indian Charophyta appeared in 1897 and 1899 in the \xe2\x80\x9dProdrome de la Flore Algologique des Indes Neerlandaises\xe2\x80\x9c, and were compiled by E. DE WILDEMAN. These papers intend to give a mere enumeration of all Charophyta published up to 1896, and therefore mainly contain the species recorded by the famous Charaphytologists ALEX. BRAUN and OTTO NORDSTEDT in 1849, 1882, 1888 and 1889.\nIn the twentieth century only three papers were published on the Charophyta of this area, viz. that by DE WILDEMAN (1900), that by GUTWINSKY (1902), and that by FILARSZKY (1934). The first-named author worked up the specimens occurring in Java, the second one adds two species to this list, whereas the latter studied materials collected in 1928 and 1929 by the German Limnological Sunda Expedition.

Description: La tourbi\xc3\xa8re au Sud de Veenendaal, dans la Vall\xc3\xa9e Gueldroise, ayant environ la forme d\xe2\x80\x99une halt\xc3\xa8re, a son origine dans une nappe d\xe2\x80\x99eau eutrophe, d\xc3\xa9ja pr\xc3\xa9sente lors de la premi\xc3\xa8re phase du tardiglaciaire. Dans les commencements s\xe2\x80\x99y forma un s\xc3\xa9diment (sable humeux), qui se composait, outre de restes v\xc3\xa9g\xc3\xa9taux, de sable apport\xc3\xa9 par le vent. Il est impossible qu\xe2\x80\x99un bras du Rhin ait coul\xc3\xa9 l\xc3\xa0 en ces temps. La tourbe se compose de mati\xc3\xa8res successivement eutrophes et m\xc3\xa9sotrophes. Une grande partie du profil (depuis le d\xc3\xa9but de l\xe2\x80\x99Atlanticum), est compos\xc3\xa9e de tourbe de marais bois\xc3\xa9 (Broekveen). Dans les sondages les plus m\xc3\xa9ridionaux on trouve de l\xe2\x80\x99argile dans les couches sup\xc3\xa9rieures (provenant probablement d\xe2\x80\x99inondations venant du c\xc3\xb4t\xc3\xa9 du Rhin). A mesure qu\xe2\x80\x99on s\xe2\x80\x99approche du Sud, l\xe2\x80\x99argile occupe une place de plus en plus importante dans le profil. Il n\xe2\x80\x99est trace de mati\xc3\xa8res oligotrophes (tourbe de Sphagnum), ni m\xc3\xaame dans le sondage VK (Veenkampen), o\xc3\xb9 cependant la carte g\xc3\xa9ologique mentionne une couche d\xe2\x80\x99argile recouvrant la haute tourbi\xc3\xa8re. La tourbe oligotrophe a sans doute \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 compl\xc3\xa8tement enlev\xc3\xa9e par une extraction commenc\xc3\xa9e d\xc3\xa8s le moyen-\xc3\xa2ge. Il apert que l\xe2\x80\x99histoire des for\xc3\xaats que l\xe2\x80\x99on peut constater dans la tourbe, depuis la premi\xc3\xa8re phase du tardiglaciaire jusqu\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa0 la fin de l\xe2\x80\x99Atlanticum (premi\xc3\xa8re apparition de Fagus), est conforme aux r\xc3\xa9sultats acquis pour des tourbi\xc3\xa8res environnantes de cette m\xc3\xaame \xc3\xa9poque, par d\xe2\x80\x99autres investigateurs. Seulement un maximum prononc\xc3\xa9 de Corylus manque dans notre tourbi\xc3\xa8re. Les couches sup\xc3\xa9rieures de la tourbi\xc3\xa8re ne pr\xc3\xa9sentent pas de spectres polliniques r\xc3\xa9cents, mais les spectres qu\xe2\x80\x99on y trouve ferment un ensemble harmonieux avec ceux des couches plus profondes. Nous avons constat\xc3\xa9 que la couche de mousse vivante, dans le Bennekommer Meent offre un spectre pollinique qui repr\xc3\xa9sente assez bien la v\xc3\xa9g\xc3\xa9tation foresti\xc3\xa8re actuelle. Nous avons d\xc3\xa9crit un sondage dans une petite tourbi\xc3\xa8re isol\xc3\xa9e a l\xe2\x80\x99Est du Emmikhuizerberg, qui offre enti\xc3\xa8rement un caract\xc3\xa8re tardiglaciaire. Au cas o\xc3\xb9 l\xe2\x80\x99examen de GL et de AH III et \xc3\xa9ventuellement d\xe2\x80\x99autres sondages (encore en projet), nous ouvriraient de nouveaux horizons, nous donnerons en temps et lieu des informations a ce sujet.\nNous avons accompli cette \xc3\xa9tude au Mus\xc3\xa9e et Herbier Botanique d\xe2\x80\x99Utrecht (Directeur M. le Professeur A. A. PULLE). Je tiens a remercier ici M. F. FLORSCH\xc3\x9cTZ pour ses pr\xc3\xa9cieux conseils et pour la mani\xc3\xa8re enthousiaste avec laquelle il a bien voulu guider ce travail. En m\xc3\xaame temps je veux exprimer ma gratitude affectueuse envers Mlle A. M. J. VAN BERESTEYN pour la traduction dont elle s\xe2\x80\x99est charg\xc3\xa9e.

Description: All botanists acquainted with the family Rubiaceae will agree that the present subdivision is far from satisfactory and that more than one of its tribes are either artificial or ill-defined or both. The genera dealt with in this paper are said to belong to the Mussaendeae, but the distinction between this tribe and the Hedyotideae as defined by BENTHAM and Hooker f. (Oldenlandieae K. SCh.) rests merely on the succulence or non-succulence of the fruit and must therefore be regarded as both artificial and ill-defined: artificial, because from a morphological point of view the difference between dry and fleshy fruits is certainly not more important than that between the capsular and schizococcous fruits brought together in the first group and not more weighty than that between the various kinds of berries and drupes referred to the second; ill-defined, because the baccate fruits are sometimes dehiscent and the schizococcous ones more or less fleshy.\nThe absence of a sharp line of demarcation separating the dry from the fleshy fruits doubtless explains the fact that the distinction has never been rigorously applied: Mussaenda L., the standard genus of the tribe with fleshy fruits, at present comprises several species provided with capsules, and plants with drupaceous fruits, by BLUME rightly referred to a genus of their own, Metabolos, have been included by BENTHAM and Hooker f. in Hedyotis L. and by K. SCHUMANN in Oldenlandia L. RIDLEY\xe2\x80\x99S genus Pomazota was referred to the Hedyotideae, because the fruit, though soft and succulent, opens at last, but it is, as I will show elsewhere, identical with Coptophyllum KORTH. non GARDN., which on account of its baccate fruit was put in the Mussaendeae. Other examples might be adduced, but these will suffice to show that the distinction is a source of confusion and should be given up as soon as possible.