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  • growth  (269)
  • Springer  (269)
  • 1995-1999  (269)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of elevated CO2 on growth and photosynthesis in Agrostis canina L. ssp. monteluccii adapted to contrasting atmospheric CO2 concentrations (1997)
    Springer
    Oecologia 110 (1997), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Agrostis canina ; CO2 vents ; photosynthesis ; lignification ; growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The aim of this study was to characterise growth and photosynthetic capacity in plants adapted to long-term contrasting atmospheric CO2 concentrations (C a). Seeds of Agrostis canina L. ssp. monteluccii were collected from a natural CO2 transect in central-western Italy and plants grown in controlled environment chambers at both ambient and elevated CO2 (350 and 700 μmol mol−1) in nutrient-rich soil. Seasonal mean C a at the source of the plant material ranged from 610 to 451 μmol CO2 mol−1, derived from C4 leaf stable carbon isotope discrimination (δ13C). Under chamber conditions, CO2 enrichment stimulated the growth of all populations. However, plants originating from elevated C a exhibited higher initial relative growth rates (RGRs) irrespective of chamber CO2 concentrations and a positive relationship was found between RGR and C a at the seed source. Seed weight was positively correlated with C a, but differences in seed weight were found to explain no more than 34% of the variation in RGRs at elevated CO2. Longer-term experiments (over 98 days) on two populations originating from the extremes of the transect (451 and 610 μmol CO2 mol−1) indicated that differences in growth between populations were maintained when plants were grown at both 350 and 700 μmol CO2 mol−1. Analysis of leaf material revealed an increase in the cell wall fraction (CWF) in plants grown at elevated CO2, with plants originating from high C a exhibiting constitutively lower levels but a variable response in terms of the degree of lignification. In vivo gas exchange measurements revealed no significant differences in light and CO2 saturated rates of photosynthesis and carboxylation efficiency between populations or with CO2 treatment. Moreover, SDS-PAGE/ LISA quantification of leaf ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) showed no difference in Rubisco content between populations or CO2 treatments. These findings suggest that long-term adaptation to growth at elevated CO2 may be associated with a potential for increased growth, but this does not appear to be linked with differences in the intrinsic capacity for photosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050146
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological responses inCaenorhabditis elegans to high magnetic fields (1995)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 51 (1995), S. 284-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Alternating high magnetic fields ; eddy current ; magnetic flux concentration ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; growth ; reproduction ; behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Here we describe a device for testing possible influences of high magnetic fields on biological processes, by which alternating-current magnetic stimuli as high as 1.7 T can be administered. Experiments with a simple multicellular organism, the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans, revealed that intermittent exposure to the magnetic fields modestly inhibited the animal's reproduction as well as its post-embryonic development, and caused a marked but transient derangement in its locomotory behavior. Available evidence indicates that alternating high magnetic fields can elicit both chronic and acute biological effects, but that the effects may be well tolerated or compensated for by the living organism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01931113
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioenergetic factors controlling in vitro phosphorylation of LHIα (B870) polypeptides in membranes isolated from Rhodobacter capsulatus (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 165 (1996), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Protein phosphorylation ; ATP-Pi exchange ; Light-harvesting complexes ; Reaction center ; Photosynthesis ; Photomorphogenesis ; Membrane ; growth ; Polypeptide insertion ; Phospho-amino esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Membranes of Rhodobacter capsulatus strain U43 (pTX35) showed qualitatively very similar phosphorylation patterns under in vitro and in vivo conditions. In vitro, it was irrelevant whether the phosphate source was orthophosphate or ATP. Inhibitors of electron transport did not inhibit light-harvesting complex I (LHIα) (B870) polypeptide phosphorylation, except for o-phenanthroline, which was strongly inhibitory. Redox conditions regulated the amount of protein phosphorylated; external redox potentials between +200 and +300 mV promoted the reaction. Phosphorylation was inhibited by uncouplers such as carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone and nigericin plus valinomycin plus potassium ions. Inhibitors of the H+-ATPase were also inhibitory when the phosphate source was [32P]Pi or [γ-32P]ATP. From these results, it was concluded that an operative reaction center, a coupled membrane, and external redox potentials higher than +200 mV are required for optimum LHIα phosphorylation. We also demonstrated that phosphorylation of LHIα polypeptide occurs before insertion into the membrane and that phosphate is preferentially incorporated into specific domains within the cytoplasmic membrane. Intracytoplasmic membranes, identified here as light membranes, were found to contain a dephosphorylated LHIα polypeptide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050306
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature, multiple allelochemicals and larval age on the performance of a specialist caterpillar (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 79 (1996), S. 335-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: alkaloid ; developmental time ; early instars ; growth ; Manduca sexta ; molting duration ; phenolics ; plant-herbivore interactions ; thermal regime
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To understand the mechanisms underlying plant-insect herbivore interactions, it is necessary to examine the simultaneous effects of temperature, food quality and larval age. We examined the simultaneous effects of three allelochemicals (tomatine, rutin and chlorogenic acid) on the performance of first and second instar Manduca sexta larvae under two representative thermal regimes 21 : 10°C and 26 : 15°C for spring and summer, respectively. Thermal regime and allelochemicals interacted to influence the time from egg hatch to ecdysis to the third instar. On average, it took about half as much time to reach the third instar at 26 : 15°C as it did at 21 : 10°C. Separately, tomatine and rutin had a negative effect on developmental time from egg hatch to the third instar, but their simutaneous effects were not additive. Chlorogenic acid significantly reduced the negative effect of tomatine. The magnitude of the allelochemical effect was larger at the cooler thermal regime compared to the warmer regime. For instance, chlorogenic acid by itself had no effect at the 26 : 15°C regime, but at the 21 : 10°C regime it significantly shortened total developmental time. The effect of chlorogenic acid on stadium duration was distinctly different for the two instars. Chlorogenic acid shortened stadium duration of first instar larvae. However, depending on thermal regime and the presence of tomatine, chlorogenic acid had a negative, positive or neutral effect on stadium duration of second instar larvae. Molting duration of second instar larvae was shortened by a half day at the warmer thermal regime but was not affected by the allelochemicals. Final larval weight was influenced by rutin and chlorogenic acid. Caterpillars fed diets containing 20 μmoles of rutin were on average 10% lighter than those fed plain diet, whereas those fed diets containing 20 μmoles of chlorogenic adic were on average 7% heavier. However, the effect of chlorogenic acid depended on thermal regime. Overall, our results indicated that: 1) temperature and food quality can interact to influence insect performance and 2) these effects are influenced by larval age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186292
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oviposition plant preference and offspring performance in the comma butterfly: correlations and conflicts (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 141-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Polygonia c-album ; Nymphalidae ; host-plant selection ; growth ; size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194743
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of bean and wheat α-amylase inhibitors on α-amylase activity and growth of stored product insect pests (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 75 (1995), S. 237-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: amylase inhibitor ; red kidney bean ; hard red winter wheat ; growth ; insects ; beetles ; plant resistance ; stored products ; protease inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Insect α-amylase inhibiting and/or growth inhibiting activities of proteinaceous inhibitors from red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) were examined. The bean inhibitor was most effectivein vitro against α-amylases from the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and the confused flour beetle (T. confusum), followed by those from the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) and yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). The insect enzymes were from two- to 50-fold more susceptible than human salivary α-amylase. When the inhibitors were added at a 1% level to a wheat flour plus germ diet, the growth of red flour beetle larvae was slowed relative to that of the control group of larvae, with the bean inhibitor being more effective than the wheat inhibitor. Development of both the red flour beetle and flat grain beetle (Cryptolestes pusillus) was delayed by 1% bean inhibitor, but development of the sawtoothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) and lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica) was not affected by either the bean or wheat inhibitor at the 1% level. Rice weevil adults fed a diet containing 1% bean or wheat inhibitor exhibited more mortality than weevils fed the control diet. When the wheat amylase inhibitor was combined with a cysteine protease inhibitor, E-64, and fed to red flour beetle larvae, a reduction in the growth rate and an increase in the time required for adult eclosion occurred relative to larvae fed either of the inhibitors separately. The bean inhibitor was just as effective alone as when it was combined with the protease inhibitor. These results demonstrate that plant inhibitors of insect digestive enzymes act as growth inhibitors of insects and possibly as plant defense proteins, and open the way to the use of the genes of these inhibitors for genetically improving the resistance of cereals to storage pests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382258
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of natural and synthetic neuroactive substances on the growth and feeding of cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 443-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: beta-carboline alkaloid ; Trichoplusia ni ; harmane ; harmaline ; amitriptyline ; imipramine ; monoamine oxidase inhibitor ; tricyclics ; growth ; feeding behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In this study we investigated the effects of two naturally occurring beta-carboline alkaloids and two synthetic tricyclic antidepressants on the growth and food consumption of fifth instar larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In artificial diets at high concentrations (3,000 ppm), harmane, amitriptyline, and imipramine reduce growth and feeding; harmane reduced feeding consistently at a lower concentration (200 ppm). In animals other than insects, beta-carboline alkaloids inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and thus affect rates of disposition of serotonin and other monoamine neurotransmitters. Because brain serotonin levels are associated with variation in rates of carbohydrate and protein intake in insects, the effects of beta-carboline alkaloid ingestion on dietary self-selection behavior were examined. Choosing between diets lacking carbohydrate but containing protein and diets lacking protein but containing carbohydrate, larvae consumed a greater proportion of diet containing protein but lacking carbohydrate in the presence of harmane than in its absence. These results are consistent with beta-carboline alkaloid-mediated persistence of serotonin in the brain due to MAO inhibition. Alternatively, these results could reflect alkaloid-mediated peripheral inhibition of sucrose taste receptors influencing ingestive behaviors. That beta-carboline alkaloid ingestion is associated with changes in feeding behavior is consistent with a possible defensive role for these compounds in plant foliage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343467
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The folliculostatins of two dipteran insect species, their relation to matrix proteins and prospects for practical applications (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 77 (1995), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: insect endocrinology ; ecdysone ; juvenile hormone ; reproduction ; growth ; inhibin ; oostatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The first insect folliculostatic peptide was isolated from vitellogenic ovaries of the mosquitoAedes aegypti. This decapeptide directly inhibits trypsin biosynthesis in the gut, and indirectly ovarian development. The factor was named Trypsin Modulating Oostatic Factor or TMOF by its discoverers. From the fleshfly Neobellieria bullata 2 folliculostatins have been isolated, the hexapeptide Neb-TMOF and the 19-mer Neb-colloostatin. The available data suggest that at least 2 of the 3 folliculostatins originate from matrix (like) proteins present in the ovary, a hitherto unknown source of hormones. Furthermore, one of the folliculostatins (Neb-TMOF) is a potent inhibitor of ecdysone biosynthesis by larval ring glands of fleshflies. The discovery of the dipteran folliculostatins, which do not show any resemblance to inhibins of vertebrates, may significantly contribute to a better understanding of the hormonal control of growth in insects and perhaps, in other animals as well. None of the 3 folliculostatins is blocked at its N- or C-terminus. This, in combination with the pleiotropy of their effects and the narrow species specificity make such peptides prime candidates for, testing their potential in insect pest control by means of molecular biological methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383011
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Invertebrate phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipases C and their role in cell signaling (1995)
    Springer
    Invertebrate neuroscience 1 (1995), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-1104
    Keywords: phospholipase C ; inositol phosphate ; invertebrate vision ; olfaction ; growth ; differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: abstract Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PLC) is a family of enzymes that occupy a pivotal role in one of the largest classes of cellular signaling pathways known. Mammalian PLC enzymes have been divided into four major classes and a variety of subclasses based on their structural characteristics and immunological differences. There have been five invertebrate PLC-encoding genes cloned thus far and these fall within three of the four major classes used in categorizing mammalian PLC. Four of these invertebrate genes have been cloned fromDrosophila melanogaster and one is fromArtemia, a brine shrimp. Structural characteristics of the invertebrate enzymes include the presence of highly conserved Box X and Box Y domains found in major types of mammalian PLC as well as novel features. Two of the invertebrate PLC genes encode multiple splice-variant subtypes which is a newly emerging level of diversity observed in mammalian enzymes. Studies of the invertebrate PLCs have contributed to the identification of the physiological functions of individual isozymes. These identified roles include cellular processes such as phototransduction, olfaction, cell growth and differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02211021
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomass relationship to growth and phosphate uptake ofPseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli andAcinetobacter radioresistens in mixed liquor medium (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 16 (1996), S. 364-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: biornass ; growth ; phosphate uptake ; Pseudomans fluorescens ; Escherichia coli ; Acinetobacter radioresistens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The ability ofPseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli andAcinetobacter radioresistenns to remove phosphate during growth was related to the initial biomass as well as to growth stages and bacterial species. Phosphate was removed by these bacteria under favourable conditions as well as under unfavourable conditions of growth. Experiments showed a relationship between a high initial cell density and phosphate uptake. More phosphate was released than removed when low initial cell densities (102–105 cells ml−1) were used. At a high initial biomass concentration (108 cells ml−1), phosphate was removed during the lag phase and during logarthmic growth byP. fluorescens. Escherichia coli. at high initial biomass concentrations (107 cells ml−1), accumulated most of the phosphate during the first hour of the lag phase and/or during logarithmic growth and in some cases removed a small quantily of phosphate during the stationary growth phase.Acinetobacter radioresistens, at high initial cell densities (106, 107 cells ml−1) removed most of phosphate during the first hour of the lag phase and some phosphate during the stationary growth phase.Pseudomonas fluorescens removed phosphate more thanA. radioresistens andE. coli with specific average ranges from 3.00–28.50 mg L−1 compared to average ranges of 4.92–17.14 mg L−1 forA. radioresistens and to average ranges of 0.50–8.50 mg L−1 forE. coli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01570117
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