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  • Zea mays  (193)
  • Springer  (193)
  • 1990-1994  (193)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Examination of anAspergillus flavus resistant inbred of maize for crossresistance to sap beetle vectors (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 71 (1994), S. 177-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: aflatoxin ; Carophilus ; Zea mays ; corn ; plant resistance ; Coleoptera ; Nitidulidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382385
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological activity of maize leaf extracts against the African armyworm,Spodoptera exempta (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: plant varietal resistance ; armyworm ; Spodoptera exempta ; leaf extracts ; Zea mays ; feeding deterrent ; toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Maize (Zea mays L.) leaf tissue of cv Bastille and cv Michoacan 12 was extracted with n-hexane. The extracts were bioassayed against 5th instar African armyworm,Spodoptera exempta (Walker)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), by feeding the larvae on agar based media or sucrose impregnated glass fibre discs. The hexane extract of the ‘resistant’ cv Bastille exhibited feeding deterrency and toxicity which were not shown by the ‘susceptible’ cv Michoacan 12. The hexane extract of cv Bastille was adsorbed onto silica gel, the solution filtered off and the adsorbed component taken up into ethyl acetate. Bioassay of these fractions indicated that the toxic and deterrent action was retained in the ethyl acetate fraction. Preparative thin layer chromatography of the ethyl acetate fraction isolated two biologically active constituents. These were both growth inhibitors and lethal by ingestion to the 5th instar African armyworm. Implications for resistance in maize varieties to insect pests are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382411
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of Carpophilus hemipterus larvae and adults to selected secondary metabolites of maize (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 54 (1990), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Zea mays ; corn ; host plant resistance ; phenolics ; flavonoids ; hydroxamic acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les réactions de larves et adultes du nitidulidé C. hemipterus (L.), vecteur de champignons produisant la mycotoxine, aux composés phénoliques caractéristiques, aux flavonoïdes et aux acides hydroxamiques, métabolites secondaires qui provoquent la résistance du maïs (Zea mays L.) ont été examinées au cours d'expériences avec et sans choix. L'alimentation des adultes et des larves est généralement réduite par les acides coumarique et férulique et par la 6-méthoxy-2-benzoxazolinone dans des expériences sans choix; les insectes évitent généralement les aliments qui contiennent ces produits. Quoi qu'il en soit, les larves préfèrent consommer d'autres aliments contenant les autres phénoliques ou flavonoïdes examinés. Les adultes sont plus inconstants dans leur choix alimentaires, mais préfèrent souvent des aliments contenant de la quercetine. Ainsi, des programmes de sélection orientés contre les principaux ravageurs comme Heliothis zea (Boddie) ou Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), impliquant la sélection de plantes à teneur élevée en acides phénolique ou hydroxamique, augmentant probablement aussi la résistance aux nitidulidés.
    Notes: Abstract Selected secondary metabolites produced by maize (Zea mays L.) were tested for effects on larvae and adults of the dried-fruit beetle [Carpophilus hemipterus (L.)] in no-choice and choice assays. Feeding by adults and larvae was significantly reduced by ferulic acid and 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) in no-choice assays. In choice assays, larvae and adults generally preferred diets with trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin, rutin, and thymol, but were repelled by diets with either ferulic acid or MBOA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353983
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manganese reduction in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal maize (1994)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 5 (1994), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Glomus mosseae ; Manganese uptake ; Root exudation ; Manganese reduction ; Mycorrhizal effect ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of rhizosphere microorganisms and vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhiza on manganese (Mn) uptake in maize (Zea mays L. cv. Tau) plants was studied in pot experiments under controlled environmental conditions. The plants were grown for 7 weeks in sterilized calcareous soil in pots having separate compartments for growth of roots and of VA mycorrhizal fungal hyphae. The soil was left either uninoculated (control) or prior to planting was inoculated with rhizosphere microorganisms only (MO-VA) or with rhizosphere microorganisms together with a VA mycorrhizal fungus [Glomus mosseae (Nicol and Gerd.) Gerdemann and Trappe] (MO+VA). Mycorrhiza treatment did not affect shoot dry weight, but root dry weight was slightly inhibited in the MO+VA and MO-VA treatments compared with the uninoculated control. Concentrations of Mn in shoots decreased in the order MO-VA〉MO+VA〉control. In the rhizosphere soil, the total microbial population was higher in mycorrhizal (MO+VA) than nonmycorrhizal (MO-VA) treatments, but the proportion of Mn-reducing microbial populations was fivefold higher in the nonmycorrhizal treatment, suggesting substantial qualitative changes in rhizosphere microbial populations upon root infection with the mycorrhizal fungi. The most important microbial group taking part in the reduction of Mn was fluorescent Pseudomonas. Mycorrhizal treatment decreased not only the number of Mn reducers but also the release of Mn-solubilizing root exudates, which were collected by percolation from maize plants cultivated in plastic tubes filled with gravel quartz sand. Compared with mycorrhizal plants, the root exudates of nonmycorrhizal plants had two fold higher capacity for reduction of Mn. Therefore, changes in both rhizosphere microbial population and root exudation are probably responsible for the lower acquisition of Mn in mycorrhizal plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050048
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of root litter as a biofertiliser (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 18 (1994), S. 228-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Fine root ; Root litter ; Biofertiliser ; Leucaena leucocephala ; Trigonella foenum-graecum ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The efficacy ofLeucaena leucocephala root litter as a natural biological fertiliser was assessed usingZea mays as a test plant. Up to 8% of the fine roots of the plants constituted root litter. This fine root litter was better than that ofTrigonella foenum-graecum at increasing the growth and productivity ofZea mays. The root litter increased the growth of maize shoots more than the growth of roots. This appears to be a general phenomenon when plant nutrients are insufficient, as in the present study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00647671
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ndhH genes of gramminean plastomes are linked with the junctions between small single copy and inverted repeat regions (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 18 (1990), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Chloroplast DNA ; Junction between small single copy and inverted repeat regions ; Zea mays ; Grammineae ; ndhH gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The junctions JSA and JSB between the two inverted repeat regions IRA and IRB and the small single copy region of the maize chloroplast DNA have been identified by DNA sequencing. The JSA junction coincides with the initiation codon of the ndhH gene which is encoded by the adjacent region of the small single copy region. A comparison with the plastomes of rice, rye, tobacco and liverwort shows that linkage of this junction with the ndhH gene is specific for gramminean species. The amino acid sequences deduced from the ndhH genes show conserved histidine and cysteine residues which are likely to form a metal-binding domain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318388
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The possible involvement of cytokinins in the pathogenicity of Helminthosporium maydis (1990)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 109 (1990), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Helminthosporium maydis ; Zea mays ; Green islands/infection sites ; cytokinin activity ; pathogenicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Green islands/infection sites recorded higher cytokinin activity than surrounding tissue as well as non-inoculated tissue. This activity in infected areas increased with time of incubation while in tissue surrounding the green islands and non-inoculated tissue, cytokinin activity decreased with time of incubation. The culture filtrate extracts of H. maydis had cytokinin activity which increased with growth of the fungus. Cytokinin activity of thin-layer Chromatographic fractions from tissue and culture filtrate extracts revealed that a major portion of the activity was confined to Rf zone 0.6 to 0.8 which co-chromatographed with zeatin and zeatin riboside. Presence of zeatin and zeatin riboside in tissue and culture filtrates was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography. Cytokinin substances, such as zeatin and zeatin riboside, increase at infection sites with growth of the pathogen suggesting they may be involved in the pathogenicity of H. maydis on maize.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00436807
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential development of pathogens in the maize tarspot disease complex (1992)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 117 (1992), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Phyllachora maydis ; Monographella maydis ; Coniothyrium phyllachorae ; Zea mays ; tarspot complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The tarspot complex is caused by the interaction of Phyllachora maydis and Monographella maydis. Coniothyrium phyllachorae, possibly a mycoparasite, is found in older ascostromata of P. maydis, which always appears first causing tarspot. M. maydis follows and is responsible for the damaging “fisheye” symptom. The fisheye symptom is always associated with a tarspot in the center of the lesion, whereas 12 to 20% of the Phyllachora ascostromata remained free of M. maydis. Inoculations of maize leaves with the Microdochium anamorph of the Monographella (usually produced in lesions) failed to produce infections. Some infections with M. maydis were, however, obtained under unusual conditions in the field. Inoculations onto tarspots in the laboratory were unsuccessful, but in field experiments inoculations with conidia of M. maydis enhanced severity of the tarspot complex. Fisheye symptoms of the complex naturally appear 2 to 7 days after the manifestation of P. maydis. This is followed a week later by the appearance of M. maydis which became predominant in the lesions and is associated with empty perithecia of P. maydis. In the early stages of the tarspots pycnidia of the anamorph of P. maydis, Linochora sp., could occasionally be observed. Ascomata of M. maydis were rare in the field. Of the 36 genetic materials of CIMMYT tested, 30 developed the fisheye symptom, 4 tarspots only and 2 remained free of symptoms
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442777
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of aflatoxin B1 on immature germinating maize (Zea mays) embryos (1992)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 119 (1992), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: aflatoxin B1 ; electron microscopy ; in vitro ; immature maize embryo ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immature maize (Zea mays L.) embryos were treated with aflatoxin B1 concentrations, ranging from 0.1 μg ml−1 to 25 μg ml−1. Below 5 μg ml−1 aflatoxin B1, root and shoot elongation was not significantly inhibited. Ultrastructurally, root tip cells showed little deterioration, except a possible diffused clearing in mitochondria and plastids. As the toxin concentration was increased above 5 μgml−1, shoot, and particularly root elongation, was progressively inhibited. Associated with this, there was an apparent decrease in the ribosome population. Furthermore, membranes, particularly the vacuolar membrane, became abnormal and vacuolar distension occurred. At 20 and 25 μg ml−1, these effects were exacerbated, and mitochondria and plastid structure was disrupted. At these concentrations, there was evidence of a disruption in lipid metabolism. The results are discussed in the context of known aflatoxin effects on cellular control mechanisms and ultrastructure in animal systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00448817
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitor of the oxidation of catechin released from the roots of corn seedlings (1990)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 46 (1990), S. 971-972 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Zea mays ; inhibitor of the oxidation of catechin ; root release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary When the specific activities of the catechin oxidases (catechin as the substrate) which were released from the roots of the seedlings of alfalfa, tomato, wheat, lettuce and corn were compared, it was found that the oxidizing activity was absent from the root exudate of corn seedlings. A 6.3 kDa protein was purified from the root exudate of corn seedlings and in the presence of this protein, the oxidation of catechin was inhibited. This inhibitor is responsible for the inability of the root exudate of corn seedlings to oxidize catechin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01939391
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