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  • Organic Chemistry  (68,964)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (30,791)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 699 (1966), S. 98-106 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vom Chinolin ausgehend werden Chinolin-carbaldehyd-(3) und einige seiner Substitutionsprodukte synthetisiert. Die Aldehyde dienen zur Darstellung pharmazeutisch interessanter Chinolinderivate.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 728 (1969), S. 144-151 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Absolute Configuration of I+)- and {-)-2-Amino-tetralin and of the four Isomeric 2-Amino-tetralols- ( I )Maintaining its configuration, L-(+)-aspartic acid is converted to (-)-(2S)-2-amino-tetralin, and its absolute configuration thus determined. The hydrogenolysis of three of the four isomeric 2-amino-tetralols-(1) 7a, 7b, and 7c with Pd led to the optically pure (+)- and (-)-2-amino-tetralins (6a and 6b), which allows one to make a definite statement regarding the steric structure of the levo- and dextrorotatory cis- and trans-2-amino-tetralols-(1). It could be shown that, contrary to previous assumptions, based on CD-spectra, (+)-(1S, 2R)-2-amino-tetralol-(1) (7c) does not have the same absolute configuration as L-(-)-ephedrine, with the absolute configuration (1R, 2S). Therefore for arylaminoethanols, it is not possible to correlate the open-chained and cyclic compounds to one another by means of the CD-spectraalone.
    Notes: 1.-(+)-Asparaginsäure wird unter Erhaltung ihrer Konfiguration in (-)-(2S)-2-Amino-tetralin umgewandelt und damit dessen absolute Konfiguration festgelegt. Durch Hydrogenolyse von drei der vier isomeren 2-Amino-tetralole-(1) 7a, 7b, 7c mit Palladium werden (+)- und (-)-2-Amino-tetralin (6a und 6b) optisch rein erhalten, was Rückschlüsse auf die räumliche Struktur der links- und rechtsdrehenden cis- und trans-2-Amino-tetralole-(1) zuläßt. Es zeigt sich, daß entgegen früheren Annahmen, denen circulardichroitische Messungen zu Grunde lagen, (+)-(1S, 2R)-2-Amino-tetralol-(1) (7c) nicht dieselbe absolute Konfiguration besitzt wie L-(-)-Ephedrin mit der absoluten Konfiguration (1R, 2S). Es ist daher bei Arylaminoäthanolen nicht möglich, ohne weiteres durch CD-Spektren offenkettige und cyclische Verbindungen einander zuzuordnen.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 206 (1990), S. 25-43 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The structures of the dermal scales and the cells surrounding the scales in two species of gymnophione amphibians were studied using histochemistry and light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Scales are composed of a basal platt of several layers of unmineralized collagenous fibers topped with mineralized squamulae. Squamulae are composed of numerous mineralized globules and mineralized, thick collagen fibers. Mineralization is therefore both spheritic and inotropic. Isolated flattened cells lie on the outer surface of the squamulae and seem to be involved in mineral deposition. Cells that line the basal plate synthesize the collagenous stroma of the plate. Each scale lies in a thin connective tissue pocket, and a large connective tissue pouch includes several scales in each annulus.The similarities of gymnophione scales to elasmoid scales of osteichthyans are largely superficial. Aspects of mineralization and of pocket development differ considerably. There are also similarities, as well as differences, in the gymnophione scales and osteoderms of amphibians and of reptiles. We consider that such dermal structures have arisen many times in diverse lineages of vertebrates, and that these are expressions of properties of dermal collagen to support mineralization by specialized dermal cells. However, we recommend that the term “dermal scale” be used for the mineralized dermal units of osteichthyans and gymnophiones, and “osteoderm” for the dermal structures of frogs and squamates, with the understanding that the terminology recognizes certain convergent attributes of shape and structure, but not of process.
    Additional Material: 36 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 165 (1980), S. 41-54 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Histology and cytology of dermal scales of the gymnophionans Ichthyophis kohtaoensis and Hypogeophis rostratus reveal their structure and the nature of their mineralization.Dermal scales are small flat disks set in pockets in the transverse ridges of the skin. Each pocket contains several scales of various sizes. A ring of “hypomineralization” of varying diameter may occur on scales of a particular dermal pocket but bears no relation to the diameter of these scales.Three different layers form the scales and are seen on sections perpendicular to the surface. The cells of the basal layer lie deepest. Each of the two or three more superficial fibrous layers is composed of bundles of fibres that are oriented in parallel. The orientation varies among layers. The striation of the fiber scales has a periodicity comparable to that of the surrounding dermal fibers. Squamulae form a discontinuous layer on the scale surface and are the only mineralized part of the scale. The minerals are deposited both on the collagen fibers passing from the fibrous layers into the squamulae, and in the interfibrillar spaces. Spherical concretions, either isolated or coalescent, reaching up to 1 μm, are found on the surface of the squamulae.The dermal scales of Gymnophiona present some analogies with those of evolved bony fishes. Their characteristics could make them an original model for the study of mineralization.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 186 (1985), S. 327-342 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Light and electron microscopy shows the osteoderms of Anguis fragilis to be small, flat disks located in the dermis along the adult trunk: microradiography established the extent of the mineralization.Each osteoderm coincides exactly with an epidermal fold forming the keratinized scales characteristic of the skin of reptiles.Sections perpendicular to the surface show two mineralized layers differing in histological and histochemical characteristics and in fine structure, although both contain collagen fibrils. The structure of each layer can be related to that of the surrounding dermis.The outer superficial layer located in the loose dermis contains few collagen bundles that form a discontinuous sheet at the upper surface of the osteoderms. This superficial layer appears to be constituted of units separated by furrows and is composed of woven fibered bone.The basal plate comprises stratified lamellae formed of parallel-oriented collagen fibrils; the fibrils of successive lamellae lie at right angles. The densely packed collagen fibrils of the basal plate are distributed similarly to those of the dense dermis within which it lies. This layer exhibits structural and histochemical characteristics of a lamellar bone.The presence of two different layers in the osteoderms of Anguis fragilis may reflect their mode of formation, which consists of the deposit of mineral crystals in the preexisting dermal tissue. This mineralization process, considered as a “metaplastic ossification,” may reflect the potentiality retained by the dermis of reptiles to form mineralized structures.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 324 (1982), S. 964-972 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Investigations on the Thermal Decomposition of n-Dodecylcyclopentane in the Gas PhaseIn the thermal decomposition of n-dodecylcyclopentane at 670 and 750°C in a laboratory tubular reactor mixtures of hydrogen and 57 and 113 hydrocarbons respectively are formed. The mixtures have been analyzed and identified by capillary gas chromatography and by mass spectrometry. The distribution of the reaction products is used for mechanistic discussions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 66-74 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kinetic Investigations of the Pyrolysis of Mono-n-alkyl-cyclohexanesThe thermal decomposition of cyclohexane and six mono-n-alkylcyclohexanes was studied kinetically in a metallic laboratory tubular reactor at 650 to 850°C and atmospheric pressure.Kinetic parameters were found to be a function of length of the alkylic side chain. A comparison with analogous parameters of n-paraffins and the unsubstituted cyclohexane allowed the conclusion that C—C-scission in the alkylic chain is the initial reaction in pyrolysis of n-alkylcyclohexanes followed by radical attacks to all C—H-bonds of the feed molecules.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 329 (1987), S. 824-832 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermal Reaction of Mono-n-alkyl-benzenesThe pyrolysis of ethyl-(1), n-propyl-(2), n-hexyl-(3) and n-octylbenzene (4) has been studied under conditions of steam cracking (600 to 800°C) in a laboratory scale tubular reactor. The overall activation energies determined for (1) to (4) were found to be nearly identical (221 to 227 kJ · mol-1) obviously caused by similar initial steps. The main liquid product observed was styren accompanied by ω-phenyl-1-alkenes and α-olefins. Benzene is an important side product of 1. It might be formed mainly by a hydrogen assisted dealkylation via a cyclohexadienyl type radical as reactive intermediate.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 48 (1956), S. 301-316 
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 4 (1974), S. 146-153 
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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