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Niphargus-Thiothrix associations may be widespread in sulphidic groundwater ecosystems: evidence from southeastern Romania. (2018)

Flot, Jean-François ; Bauermeister, Jan ; Brad, Traian ; [weitere]

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Publikationsdatum: 2021-04-25

Beschreibung: Niphargus is a speciose amphipod genus found in groundwater habitats across Europe. Three Niphargus species living in the sulphidic Frasassi caves in Italy harbour sulphur-oxidizing Thiothrix bacterial ectosymbionts. These three species are distantly related, implying that the ability to form ectosymbioses with Thiothrix may be common among Niphargus. Therefore, Niphargus-Thiothrix associations may also be found in sulphidic aquifers other than Frasassi. In this study, we examined this possibility by analysing niphargids of the genera Niphargus and Pontoniphargus collected from the partly sulphidic aquifers of the Southern Dobrogea region of Romania, which are accessible through springs, wells and Movile Cave. Molecular and morphological analyses revealed seven niphargid species in this region. Five of these species occurred occasionally or exclusively in sulphidic locations, whereas the remaining two were restricted to nonsulphidic areas. Thiothrix were detected by PCR on all seven Dobrogean niphargid species and observed using microscopy to be predominantly attached to their hosts' appendages. 16S rRNA gene sequences of the Thiothrix epibionts fell into two main clades, one of which (herein named T4) occurred solely on niphargids collected in sulphidic locations. The other Thiothrix clade was present on niphargids from both sulphidic and nonsulphidic areas and indistinguishable from the T3 ectosymbiont clade previously identified on Frasassi-dwelling Niphargus. Although niphargids from Frasassi and Southern Dobrogea are not closely related, the patterns of their association with Thiothrix are remarkably alike. The finding of similar Niphargus-Thiothrix associations in aquifers located 1200 km apart suggests that they may be widespread in European groundwater ecosystems.

Schlagwort(e): amphipods; ecology; sulphide; symbiosis; systematics; taxonomy ; 551 ; Amphipoda ; Animals ; DNA, Bacterial ; Ecosystem ; Groundwater ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Romania ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sulfur ; Symbiosis ; Thiothrix

Sprache: Englisch , Englisch

Materialart: article , publishedVersion

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2

Digitale Medien

Implications for evolution of nuclear structures of animals, plants, fungi and protoctists

Jimenez-Garcia, L.F. ; Elizundia, J.M. ; Lopez-Zamorano, B. ; [weitere]

Amsterdam : Elsevier

Biosystems 22 (1989), S. 103-116

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ISSN: 0303-2647

Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cell nucleus ; Evolution ; Plants ; Protoctista ; Taxonomy

Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Thema: Biologie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(89)90039-7

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3

Digitale Medien

Segmentation and tracking of piglets in images (1995)

McFarlane, N. J. B. ; Schofield, C. P.

Springer

Machine vision and applications 8 (1995), S. 187-193

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ISSN: 1432-1769

Schlagwort(e): Tracking ; Segmentation ; Pigs ; Animals ; Computer vision

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: Abstract An algorithm was developed for the segmentation and tracking of piglets and tested on a 200-image sequence of 10 piglets moving on a straw background. The image-capture rate was 1 image/140 ms. The segmentation method was a combination of image differencing with respect to a median background and a Laplacian operator. The features tracked were blob edges in the segmented image. During tracking, the piglets were modelled as ellipses initialised on the blobs. Each piglet was tracked by searching for blob edges in an elliptical window about the piglet's position, which was predicted from its previous two positions.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01215814

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Digitale Medien

Phylogenetic position of Dictyostelium inferred from multiple protein data sets (1995)

Kuma, Kei-ichi ; Nikoh, Naruo ; Iwabe, Naoyuki ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 238-246

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ISSN: 1432-1432

Schlagwort(e): Cellular slime molds ; Animals ; Fungi ; Plantae ; Maximum-likelihood method ; Evolution

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Abstract The phylogenetic position of Dictyostelium inferred from 18S rRNA data contradicts that from protein data. Protein trees always show the close affinity of Dictyostelium with animals, fungi, and plants, whereas in 18S rRNA trees the branching of Dictyostelium is placed at a position before the massive radiation of protist groups including the divergence of the three kingdoms. To settle this controversial issue and to determine the correct position of Dictyostelium, we inferred the phylogenetic relationship among Dictyostelium and the three kingdoms Animalia, Fungi, and Plantae by a maximum-likelihood method using 19 different protein data sets. It was shown at the significance level of 1 SE that the branching of Dictyostelium antedates the divergence of Animalia and Fungi, and Plantae is an outgroup of the Animalia-Fungi-Dictyostelium clade.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170678

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5

Digitale Medien

Evolutionary relationships of eukaryotic kingdoms (1996)

Kumar, Sudhir ; Rzhetsky, Andrey

Springer

Journal of molecular evolution 42 (1996), S. 183-193

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ISSN: 1432-1432

Schlagwort(e): Small-subunit ribosomal RNA ; Phylogeny ; Animals ; Fungi ; Plants ; Alveolates ; Heterokonts ; Stramenopiles

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Abstract The evolutionary relationships of four eukaryotic kingdoms—Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista—remain unclear. In particular, statistical support for the closeness of animals to fungi rather than to plants is lacking, and a preferred branching order of these and other eukaryotic lineages is still controversial even though molecular sequences from diverse eukaryotic taxa have been analyzed. We report a statistical analysis of 214 sequences of nuclear small-subunit ribosomal RNA (srRNA) gene undertaken to clarify these evolutionary relationships. We have considered the variability of substitution rates and the nonindependence of nucleotide substitution across sites in the srRNA gene in testing alternative hypotheses regarding the branching patterns of eukaryote phylogeny. We find that the rates of evolution among sites in the srRNA sequences vary substantially and are approximately gamma distributed with size and shape parameter equal to 0.76. Our results suggest that (1) the animals and true fungi are indeed closer to each other than to any other “crown” group in the eukaryote tree, (2) red algae are the closest relatives of animals, true fungi, and green plants, and (3) the heterokonts and alveolates probably evolved prior to the divergence of red algae and animal-fungus-green-plant lineages. Furthermore, our analyses indicate that the branching order of the eukaryotic lineages that diverged prior to the evolution of alveolates may be generally difficult to resolve with the srRNA sequence data.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02198844

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6

Digitale Medien

Animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to air emissions (1984)

Newman, James R. ; Schreiber, R. Kent

Springer

Environmental management 8 (1984), S. 309-324

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ISSN: 1432-1009

Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Indicators ; Air pollution ; Ecosystem responses

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Energietechnik

Notizen: Abstract With existing and proposed air-quality regulations, ecological disasters resulting from air emissions such as those observed at Copperhill, Tennessee, and Sudbury, Ontario, are unlikely. Current air-quality standards, however, may not protect ecosystems from subacute and chronic exposure to air emissions. The encouragement of the use of coal for energy production and the development of the fossil-fuel industries, including oil shales, tar sands, and coal liquification, point to an increase and spread of fossil-fuel emissions and the potential to influence a number of natural ecosystems. This paper reviews the reported responses of ecosystems to air-borne pollutants and discusses the use of animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to these pollutants. Animal species and populations can act as important indicators of biotic and abiotic responses of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. These responses can indicate long-term trends in ecosystem health and productivity, chemical cycling, genetics, and regulation. For short-term trends, fish and wildlife also serve as monitors of changes in community structure, signaling food-web contamination, as well as providing a measure of ecosystem vitality. Information is presented to show not only the importance of animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to air-quality degradation, but also their value as air-pollution indices, that is, as air-quality-related values (AQRV), required in current air-pollution regulation.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01868030

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7

Digitale Medien

Animal Consciousness and Ethics in Asia and the Pacific (1997)

Macer, Darryl

Springer

Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 10 (1997), S. 249-267

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ISSN: 1573-322X

Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Asia ; consciousness ; Australia ; Hong Kong ; India ; Israel ; Japan ; New Zealand ; The Philippines ; Russia ; Singapore ; Thailand

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Energietechnik , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Philosophie

Notizen: Abstract The interactions between humans, animals and the environment have shaped human values and ethics, not only the genes that we are made of. The animal rights movement challenges human beings to reconsider interactions between humans and other animals, and maybe connected to the environmental movement that begs us to recognize the fact that there are symbiotic relationships between humans and all other organisms. The first part of this paper looks at types of bioethics, the implications of autonomy and the value of being alive. Then the level of consciousness of these relationships are explored in survey results from Asia and the Pacific, especially in the 1993 International Bioethics Survey conducted in Australia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, The Philippines, Russia, Singapore and Thailand. Very few mentioned animal consciousness in the survey, but there were more biocentric comments in Australia and Japan; and more comments with the idea of harmony including humans in Thailand. Comparisons between questions and surveys will also be made, in an attempt to describe what people imagine animal consciousness to be, and whether this relates to human ethics of the relationships.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007774409131

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8

Digitale Medien

Regulation of calcium distribution in bovine sperm cells: Cytochemical evidence for motility control mechanisms (1982)

Nelson, Leonard ; Gardner, Mary E. ; Young, Monica J.

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 2 (1982), S. 225-242

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ISSN: 0886-1544

Schlagwort(e): spermatozoa ; calcium ion transport ; motility regulation ; cholinergic agonists ; ouabain ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

Notizen: Behavioral responses of mature spermatozoa treated with neurotropic factors suggest that calcium entry and intracellular transport may be regulated by a cholinergic mediated program. To test the validity of this proposed mechanism, the effect of several agents on Ca distribution in the sperm cell was examined cytochemically.Sites of Ca accumulation were visualized in thin sections of bull spermatozoa by the application of a modification of Gomori's histochemical procedure for phosphatases. Intact bull sperm cells incubated at room temperature in a buffered balanced salt solution containing 5 mM/liter of CaCl2 showed small, randomly scattered deposits of the reaction product. Similarly treated sperm cells, plasmolyzed in hypoosmotic KCl, revealed a greatly increased amount of deposit associated with the cell membranes (mitochondrial surfaces and plasmalemma), the axonemal complex components, and satellite fibers adjacent to the outer dense fibers. Preincubation of intact cells in nicotine or eserine considerably enhanced the entry of calcium into the cell and its association with the membranes and other intracellular organelles. Decamethonium, an irreversible depolarizer and blocker of cholinergic receptors, interfered with the uptake and intracellular distribution of the calcium. Ouabain, the digitalis glycoside that decreases progressive motility of bull sperm and inhibits Na-, K-ATPase, appears to block Ca efflux, causing an intense accumulation of electron-opaque particles in the plasma membrane while smaller numbers of particles are distributed sparsely throughout the cell interior.The cytochemical results showing enhanced calcium entry in the presence of cholinergic agents, depressed intracellular calcium in cells treated with cholinergic receptor blocker, and intense accumulation of calcium within the cell membrane in the presence of ouabain are consistent with spermatozoan behavioral responses to these agents. These observations support the concept that neurotropic factors may be involved in regulating transmembrane and intracellular transport of ions in control of sperm cell function.

Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970020304

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9

Digitale Medien

Persistence of the expression of β-tropomyosin in dystrophic avian pectoral muscle (1982)

Feit, Howard ; Domke, Robert

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 2 (1982), S. 309-315

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ISSN: 0886-1544

Schlagwort(e): tropomyosin ; avian muscular dystrophy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

Notizen: The isotype pattern of tropomyosin was investigated in normal and dystrophic avian pectroal muscle using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Previous reports have shown that adult pectoral muscle of chickens contains only the α-subunit of tropomyosin and a breast-type troponin-T (TN-T), whereas pectoral fetal muscle contains both α- and β-tropomyosin and leg-type TN-T. The change from the fetal to the adult forms begins shortly after hatching. It has been previously reported that avian dystrophic pectoral muscle contains both the leg- and breast-type TN-T; we show that in avian dystrophic muscle there is also persistent expression of the β-subunit of tropomyosin.

Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970020309

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Digitale Medien

Masthead (1982)

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 2 (1982)

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ISSN: 0886-1544

Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970020401

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