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  • Artikel  (42)
  • Innervation  (42)
  • Springer  (42)
  • 1970-1974  (42)
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  • Artikel  (42)
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  • Springer  (42)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 109 (1970), S. 46-54 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ovary ; Mouse ; Interstitial cells ; Endocrine tissue ; Innervation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Innervation der interstitiellen Drüse im Ovar der Maus wurde elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die adrenergen Nerven wurden mit Hilfe der Falckschen Methode dargestellt. 1. Fluoreszenzmikroskopie: grün fluoreszierende Varikositäten findet man im Stroma ovarii vor allem in der näheren Umgebung von Gefäßen. Nur selten sind Nervenfasern in Komplexen von interstitiellen Zellen (IZ) zu erkennen. 2. Elektronenmikroskopie: Terminale Nervenfasern mit bekannter Innenstruktur erreichen die IZ von allen Seiten und können unabhängig von den Gefäßen verlaufen. Viele Axone durchsetzen die Basalmembran und treten in enge Beziehung zu interstitiellen Zellen. Dabei bilden sie teilweise kolbenförmige Anschwellungen nach Art von Synapsen, die tief in das Cytoplasma der innervierten Zellen eingebettet sein können. Der synaptische Spalt ist 200 Å breit. Spezialisierte prä- und postsynaptische Membranen kommen nicht vor. Die Bedeutung der Synapsen wird diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary Ultrastructural studies have been carried out on the innervation of the interstitial gland of the mouse ovary. In addition Falck's fluorescence method was applied. 1. Fluorescence microscopy: In the ovarian stroma green fluorescent nerve fibers are frequently to be found in the surroundings of large and small vessels. Seldom small fibers invade blocks of interstitial cells; however, their final ramification is not discernible. 2. Electron microscopy: Terminal fibers of the autonomic nervous system reach the cells of the interstitial gland from all sides. They may be independent from the course of the vessels. Many axons penetrate the basal membrane and come into close contact with interstitial cells, partly by forming large swellings (boutons), which may be deeply embedded into the cytoplasm of the innervated cell. The synaptic cleft is about 200 Å wide. Specialized pre- and postsynaptic membranes have not been found. The innervated cells show no peculiarities. The possible function of the synapses is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 109 (1970), S. 212-226 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ovary ; Interstitial cells ; Thecal gland ; Innervation ; Domestic fowl
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of the nerves of the ovarian stroma of the domestic fowl is described for the first time. In the fowl, the nerves are concentrated upon blood vessels, smoth muscles and mainly, the thecal gland with the steroid-producing cells. Myelinated as well as unmyelinated nerve fibers were observed. Numerous axon terminals representing adrenergic and also presumptive cholinergic nerve fibers are regularly seen in membranous contact with steroid-producing cells. In these axon terminals microvesicles are oriented towards the steroid-producing cells indicating a specialization of the surface from axon-to-cell contact. Evidence has been presented that there is a membranous neuro-humoral contact between the peripheral autonomie nervous system and the steroid-producing cells in the ovary. The present investigation has demonstrated that there is morphologic evidence for a nervous control of steroid-producing cells. The physiological importance of this neuro-humoral contact is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 110 (1970), S. 27-39 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pituicytes ; Anuran ; Innervation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Pituicytes of Rana pipiens could be classified into two types, pale and dense, according to their relative densities of cytoplasm and the populations of free ribosomes and cell organelles. An intermediate type of pituicyte was also recognized. Lipid droplet such as are typical in the cytoplasm of mammalian pituicytes, are not in the cytoplasm of either types of frog pituicyte. Both types have long cytoplasmic processes which run among the nerve fibers, and some of them end at the pericapillary space. Nerve endings making synapse-like contacts with the cell bodies or the processes of the pituicyte are frequent. According to the structures and sizes of granules and vesicles in the nerve endings, these endings are classified into one of three types: 1) A, which appears to be a peptidergic neuronal ending containing dense granules 1,200–2,000 Å in diameter and small clear vesicles 300–400 Å in diameter; 2) B, which appear to be monoaminergic endings containing cored vesicles 600–1,000 Å in diameter and small clear vesicles 300–500 Å in diameter; 3) C, which appear to be cholinergic endings containing only small clear vesicles. Type C endings are relatively rare. In the synaptic area the axonal membranes appose those of the pituicytes across a gap of about 200 Å and numerous “presynaptic” vesicles are clustered or accumulated near the presynaptic membranes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 114 (1971), S. 135-150 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pars tuberalis ; Rana temporaria ; Structure and ultrastructure ; Vascularization ; Innervation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pars tuberalis of the hypophysis of Rana temporaria presents the general structural and the cytological characteristics of an endocrine gland. It is composed of elongated cells with long, branching processes ending on the external basement membrane of the pericapillary space. The pars tuberalis cells produce secretory granules which are accumulated in the pericapillary endings of the processes. Corresponding to its separate localization, the pars tuberalis of Rana temporaria has a separate vascularization of which the efferent capillaries anastomose with the capillary plexus of the median eminence. The general direction of the blood flow of the pars tuberalis is towards the capillaries of the median eminence. Also, the secretory products of the pars tuberalis pass into the blood stream of the hypophysial portal system. Several characteristics of the pars tuberalis show that its function must be different from that of the pars distalis of the hypophysis. Moreover, in contrast with the pars distalis, the activity of the pars tuberalis is not regulated by neurohumoral factors. The results show that a role of the pars tuberalis in the regulation of the activity of the pars distalis of the hypophysis is not excluded.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 116 (1971), S. 151-156 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenal cortex ; Innervation ; Receptors ; Rat ; Pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The innervation of the adrenal cortex of the rat and the pig is investigated with the electron microscope. Nerve fibers containing synaptic and two types of dense-cored vesicles come into contact with endocrine cells. There are no specialized pre- and postsynaptic membranes. The synaptic cleft is about 200 Å wide. Generally the basement membrane between nerve and cell is absent. These observations are discussed on the base of more recent experimental findings. Small fibers having an average diameter of about 0.2 to 0.5 μ and containing only tubules and filaments are considered to represent parts of an afferent nervous system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 118 (1971), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Fetal microvasculature ; Innervation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The innervation of the mesenteric microvasculature was studied in fetal and neonatal rabbits with the aid of methods demonstrating fluorescence of catecholamines and cholinesterase activity as well as a silver impregnation procedure. The results showed that: (1) adrenergic nerve fibers were present, coursing independently in the mesentery by day twenty-one of gestation, and were found routinely in the adventitia of arterioles and venules by day 25 of gestation; (2) cholinesterase positive cells and fibers of the myenteric plexus were present by day 18 of gestation but cholinergic fibers were not present in the mesentery until day 26; the latter not being associated with blood vessels; and (3) nerve fibers in the mesentery thought to be sensory stained positively with the Holmes silver method on day 18 of gestation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 119 (1971), S. 115-119 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Human thymus ; Innervation ; Quantitative electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Quantitative electron microscopic studies have been carried out on the human thymus. According to the equation L v =(2n)/F (Hennig, 1963) we have calculated that there is less than 0.204 mm nerve per 1 mm3 thymus tissue inside the blood-thymus-barrier (level of significance of 0.95). This result is compared to the degree of innervation in brown adipose tissue, which contains more than 160 mm nerve per 1 mm3 tissue. The biological significance of the paucity of neuronal elements in the thymus is undetermined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 119 (1971), S. 384-404 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Glandula harderiana ; Rabbit ; Extrusion mechanism ; Lipid vacuoles ; Innervation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Glandula harderiana des Kaninchens ist eine tubulo-alveoläre Drüse. Sie liegt an der medialen und hinteren Wand der Orbita und besteht aus zwei, makroskopisch unterscheidbaren Anteilen: Ein kleinerer oberer Teil ist von weißer Farbe, der größere untere ist rot. Die sezernierenden Zellen in den tubulösen Endstücken beider Lappen enthalten Fette, die sich mit Scharlachrot und Sudanschwarz B anfärben. Die luminale Oberfläche aller Zelltypen färbt sich mit Alcianblau bei pH 2,5 an. 2. Die Drüsentubuli beider Lappen sind von einem einschichtigen kubischen bis zylindrischen Epithel ausgekleidet. Die Drüsenzellen sind im roten Anteil großblasig, im weißen Lappen sehr fein vakuolisiert. Das Cytoplasma dieser multiloculären Zellen enthält freie Ribosomen und eine erstaunlich große Zahl von Mitochondrien, die meistens eng aneinander lagern. Alle Zellen enthalten ferner mehrere Golgi-Stapel, aber nur spärliche Ergastoplasmamembranen. 3. Die exokrinen Zellen werden an den seitlichen Kontaktflächen durch ein differenziertes Schlußleistennetz (Zonulae occludentes, Zonulae adhaerentes, Desmosomen) verbunden. Die sezernierende Oberfläche wird durch die Ausbildung interzellulärer Sekretkapillaren vergrößert. 4. Bevor die Fettsubstanzen in die Lichtungen der Drüsenschläuche extrudiert werden, kommt es zur Verschmelzung benachbart liegender Pettvakuolen. Die Extrusion wird abgeschlossen durch das Verschmelzen der Hüllmembran der Fettvakuolen mit der Plasmamembran, durch Ausbildung einer Öffnung in der Plasmamembran und durch das Ausfließen der Fettsubstanzen. Ein anderer Extrusionsmechanismus besteht darin, daß apikal gelegene Fettvakuolen die Zellmembran weit in die Lichtung hinein vorwölben und anschließend mit einer Hüllmembran abgenabelt werden. 5. Terminale Nervenfasern mit bekannter Innenstruktur durchbrechen die Basalmembran und lagern sich den Drüsen- oder Myoepithelzellen eng an, teilweise in Vertiefungen ihrer Oberfläche eingebettet. Diese terminalen Axone enthalten synaptische Vesikel, Bläschen mit einem massendichten Granulum, Mitochondrien und Neurotubuli. Spezialisierte prä- und postsynaptische Membranen kommen nicht vor. Die Frage nach der funktionellen Bedeutung der Harderschen Drüse wird diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary 1. The Harderian gland in rabbits, representing the type of a tubulo-alveolar gland, is located on the medial and posterior aspect of the eyeball and consists of two different parts, a small white lobe and a larger red one. The secretory cells in the tubular endpieces of both lobes are lipids containing cells. The lipid droplets can be stained with Sudan IV and Sudan black B. The luminal surface of both cell types is characterized by an alcianophilia at pH 2,5. 2. The tubules of both lobes have a single layer of columnar epithelium. The lipid vacuoles in the cells of the red lobe are large, these of the white lobe small. The multilocular cytoplasm of all cells contains many free ribosomes and high amounts of mitochondria lying very closely together. All cells exhibit numerous and large Golgi-zones but only few ergastoplasm membranes. 3. The lateral surfaces of the secretory cells are connected by elaborate junctional complexes (Zonulae occludentes, zonulae adhaerentes, desmosomes). These lateral surfaces are increased by intercellular canaliculi. 4. Before being released into the glandular lumen, the limiting membranes of adjacent lipid droplets fuse, thus forming a large lipid vacuole. Extrusion generally is characterized by the coalescence of the limiting membrane with the plasmalemma, the formation of an opening at the cell surface and the discharge of the secretory lipid material. In the course of another mechanism of extrusion, the fat vacuoles are transported to the apical part of the cell where consequently the plasmamembrane bulges into the lumen. Eventually the fat vacuole is pinched off surrounded by a thin cytoplasmic envelope. 5. Terminal fibers of the autonomic nervous system penetrate the basal membrane and can be found closely attached to the secretory or myoepithelial cells, partly by forming large swellings, which may be deeply embedded into the cytoplasm of the innervated cell. These terminal parts of the axons contain groups of synaptic and dense-cored vesicles, mitochondria and neurotubuli. Specific pre- and postsynaptic membranes have not been observed. The possible function of the harderian gland is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 121 (1971), S. 283-291 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Anterior pituitary ; Parathyroids ; Innervation ; Quantitative electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopic studies have been carried out on the innervation of the mammalian anterior pituitary and parathyroids. The total area of grid squares (2.25·10−2mm2) examined was 2000 per gland and species. In the pituitary pars distalis and in the parenchyma of the parathyroid gland we did not observe a single axon profile. According to the equation $$L_V = \frac{{2n}}{F}$$ proposed by Hennig (1963) we have calculated that there might be—if any—0.133 mm of nerves per 1 mm3 tissue in those two endocrine glands (level of significance 0.95). Comparing these results to the degree of innervation in brown adipose tissue containing more than 160 mm nerve per 1 mm3 tissue we can not imagine that such a small degree of innervation is of any biological importance. In the pituitary pars tuberalis two types of axon terminals have been found both inside and outside the basement membrane surrounding the epithelial complexes. One type contains “synaptic” and two populations of smaller dense-cored vesicles, the other one contains a population of larger granules which have some properties of the classical elementary granules. Further investigations have to clarify the functional significance of those nerve endings.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 126 (1972), S. 383-401 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Penis retractor muscle ; Helix pomatia ; Innervation ; Neuromuscular junctions ; Synaptic vesicles ; Neurotransmitter
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Der Penisretraktormuskel von Helix pomatia wird von dicken Nervenstämmen durchzogen, die wahrscheinlich Nervennetze darstellen. Im kontrahierten Muskel sind sie mäanderförmig aufgefaltet, im gedehnten glattgezogen. Vier verschiedene Vesikeltypen lassen sich nach Größe und Inhalt in den Nerven unterscheiden. Varicöse Einzelfasern begleiten die Muskelzellen. Häufig verlaufen die Terminalen in einer Furche der Muskelfaser. Praesynaptisch erkennt man bei bestimmten Axontypen Vesikelanhäufungen und Verdickungen der Terminalenmembran. Terminale und Muskelzelle sind durch einen Spalt von 300 AE Breite voneinander getrennt. Die Muskelfasermembran bildet keine subsynaptischen Falten aus. Neben diesen Axonen durchziehen dünne, nackte Neuriten das Bindegewebe, die durch einen hohen Gehalt an Neurotubuli ausgezeichnet sind.
    Notizen: Summary The penis retractor muscle of Helix pomatia is passed by thick nerve trunks, which probably are nerve nets. In the contracted muscle, they are folded meanderlike, in the extended they are pulled smooth. Four types of vesicles different in size and contents can be distinguished in the nerves. Varicose fibres accompany the muscle cells. Frequently the terminals are running in a groove of the muscle fibre. In certain axon types occur presynaptic accumulations of vesicles and thickenings of the terminal membrane. Terminal and muscle cell are separated by a cleft of 300 AE width. The muscle fibre membrane has no subsynaptic infoldings. Beside these axons thin, naked neurites are running through the connective tissue. They are characterized by a high content of neurotubuli. One part of the axons presumably possesses a monoaminergic transmitter. After the glutaraldehyde-dichromate-reaction they contain dense grana, whose diameters are mainly below 1000 AE. The nerve trunks fluoresce after exposure to paraformaldehyde vapour, excited with UV-light, green to green-yellow. The maximum of the excitation was determined at 413 nm and the maximum of emission at 496 respectively at 510 nm. It is concluded, that both, a catecholamine and 5-HT are responsible for the fluorescence. Extraction and paperchromatographic separation lead to the opinion, that the catecholamine is dopamine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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