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  • GEOPHYSICS  (4,117)
  • 1985-1989  (4,117)
  • 1
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    1960 Chile - New estimate of polar motion excitation (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A recent reanalysis of the International Latitude Serivce (ILS) polar motion data-day has been processed using Kalman filtering techniques to generate the polar motion excitation function over the time-span from 1960 to 1965. The resulting excitation function has been examined for the effects of 1960 Chile in an attempt to determine experimentally how large earthquake affect polar motion. The resulting upper bound of about 75 x 10 to the 22nd N-m for a 10-deg dip (about 36 x 10 to the 22nd N-m for 20-deg dip) is consistent with results obtained from previous seismic studies, including a recent normal mode excitation result. Following future great earthquakes, monitoring of polar motion by space-based techniques such as VLBI should continue at high temporal resolution for several weeks in order to directly measure the rheological parameters of the upper mantle.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 16; 1193-119
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  • 2
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    A boundary layer model for magnetospheric substorms (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: An alternative framework for understanding magnetospheric substorm activity is presented. It is argued that observations of magnetic field and plasma flow variations in the magnetotail can be explained in terms of the passage of the plasma sheet boundary layer over the satellite detecting the tail signatures. It is shown that field-aligned currents and particle acceleration processes on magnetic field lines threading the ionospheric Harang discontinuity lead to the distinctive particle and field signatures observed in the magnetotail during substorms. It is demonstrated that edge effects of field-aligned currents associated with the westward traveling surge can lead to the negative B(z) perturbations observed in the tail that are presently attributed to observations made on the anti-earthward side of a near-earth neutral line. Finally, it is shown that the model can provide a physical explanation of both the driven system and the loading-unloading system whose combined effects provide the observed substorm perturbation pattern in the magnetosphere and ionosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AD-A194400 , Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 12187-12
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  • 3
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    A brief description of the simple biosphere model (SiB) (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A biosphere model for calculating the transfer of energy, mass, and momentum between the atmosphere and the vegetated surface of the Earth was designed for atmospheric general circulation models. An upper vegetation layer represents the perennial canopy of trees or shrubs, a lower layer represents the annual ground cover of grasses and other herbacious species. The local coverage of each vegetation layer may be fractional or complete but as the individual vegetation elements are considered to be evenly spaced, their root systems are assumed to extend uniformly throughout the entire grid-area. The biosphere has seven prognostic physical-state variables: two temperatures (one for the canopy and one for the ground cover and soil surface); two interception water stores (one for the canopy and one for the ground cover); and three soil moisture stores (two of which can be reached by the vegetation root systems and one underlying recharge layer into and out of which moisture is transferred only by hydraulic diffusion).
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: ESA Proceedings of an International Satellite Land-Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Conference; p 91-106
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    A brief history of magnetospheric physics before the spaceflight era (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Early research on the earth's magnetic environment is reviewed, with attention given to the period when only ground-based observations were possible. Early work on geomagnetism is discussed as well as the sunspot cycle, solar fares, the possibility of electron beams from the sun, and the Chapman-Ferraro cavity. Consideration is also given to the ring current, Alfvens theory and electric fields, interplanetary plasma, and polar magnetic storms.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Reviews of Geophysics (ISSN 8755-1209); 27; 103-114
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  • 5
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    A case study of magnetotail current sheet disruption and diversion (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: On June 1, 1985 the AMPTE/CCE spacecraft (at a geocentric distance of about 8.8 earth radii at the midnight neutral sheet region) observed a dispersionless energetic particle injection and an increase in magnetic field magnitude, which are features commonly attributed to disruption of the near-earth cross-tail current sheet during substorm expansion onsets. An analysis based on high time-resolution measurements from the magnetometer and the energetic particle detector indicates that the current sheet disruption region exhibited localized (less than 1 earth radius) and transient (less than 1 min) particle intensity enhancements, accompanied by complex magnetic field changes with occasional development of a southward magnetic field component. Similar features are seen in other current disruption/diversion events observed by the CCE. The present analysis suggests that the current disruption region is quite turbulent, similar to laboratory experiments on current sheet disruption, with signatures unlike those expected from an X-type neutral line configuration. No clear indication of periodicity in any magnetic field parameter is discernible for this current disruption event.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 15; 721-724
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  • 6
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    A case study of mobilization and transport of Saharan dust (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The mobilization and transport of the Saharan dust over the West Africa and the tropical Atlantic Ocean during the days of August 23-28, 1974, were investigated using the data set developed by GFDL, together with numerical models of the atmosphere and aerosol. It was found that the mobilization of dust during this period was related to the passage of a shallow easterly wave; mobilization was effected by dry convective mixing of low-level jets associated with the easterly wave. Model simulations show that the aerosol at any one point can be a complicated mixture of particles lifted at different times and different places; bimodal size distributions developed when dust was mobilized within a dust plume that was generated on a previous day.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 45; 2145-217
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  • 7
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    A chemical definition of the boundary of the Antarctic ozone hole (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A program designed to study the Antarctic ozone hole using ER-2 high-altitude and DC-8 aircraft was conducted out of Punta Arenas, Chile during August 17-September 22, 1987. Graphs are presented of ozone and chlorine monoxide when crossing the boundary of the chemically perturbed region on August 23 and on September 21. Interpretations of ClO, H2O, and N2O measurements are presented, indicating ongoing diabetic cooling and advective poleward transport across the boundary.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 11437-11
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  • 8
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    A combined Raman lidar for low tropospheric studies (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: One of the main goals of laser sensing of the atmosphere was the development of techniques and facilities for remote determination of atmospheric meteorological and optical parameters. Of lidar techniques known at present the Raman-lidar technique occupies a specific place. On the one hand Raman lidar returns due to scattering on different molecular species are very simple for interpretation and for extracting the information on the atmospheric parameters sought, but, on the other hand, the performance of these techniques in a lidar facility is overburdened with some serious technical difficulties due to extremely low cross sections of Raman effect. Some results of investigations into this problem is presented which enables the construction of a combined Raman lidar capable of acquiring simultaneously the profiles of atmospheric temperature, humidity, and some optical characteristics in the ground atmospheric layer up to 1 km height. The operation of this system is briefly discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center 13th International Laser Radar Conference; 3 p
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    A comparative study of plasma expansion events in the polar wind (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The temporal characteristics of the polar wind have been studied using a simplified set of collisionless equations and a full set of hydrodynamic equations which contained continuity, momentum, and energy equations for H(+), O(+), and electrons, including collisional conductivities and variable isotropic, ion and electron temperatures. The temporal evolution of the polar wind was modeled for initial, extended density depletions of factors of 3, 10, and 100 starting at several altitudes for each model. Comparison of the results from the two models showed the same temporal characteristics for the polar wind densities, flow velocities, and escape fluxes. The characteristics of plasma expansion are presented. It is found that the propagation velocities of the disturbance vary with the level of the depletion.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); 36; 753-764
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  • 10
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    A comparison between Lageos laser ranging and very long baseline interferometry determined baseline lengths (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: NASA's Crustal Dynamics Project (CDP) has the objective to improve the understanding of geodynamics by measuring crustal deformation, tectonic motion, and polar motion and earth rotation. Three different approaches are utilized for obtaining these measurements. One is based on satellite laser ranging (SLR), while another makes use of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) which uses reception of radio signals from quasars. The third approach involves laser ranging to the moon. An important part of the CDP is to compare baselines periodically or the straight-line distance between two points on the earth's surface as determined by either SLR or VLBI. Attention is given to the SLR analysis, the VLBI analysis, a local survey, and error sources. A table is presented with the baselines between SLR survey markers as measured by VLBI and SLR.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 9265-927
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