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  • 1
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    Tracer transport for realistic aircraft emission scenarios calculated using a three-dimensional model (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A three-dimensional transport model, which uses winds from a stratospheric data assimilation system, is used to study the transport of supersonic aircraft exhaust in the lower stratosphere. A passive tracer is continuously injected into the transport model. The tracer source distribution is based on realistic scenarios for the daily emission rate of reactive nitrogen species for all forecasted flight routes. Winds are from northern hemisphere winter/spring months for 1979 and 1989; there are minimal differences between the tracer integrations for the 2 years. During the integration, peak tracer mixing ratios in the flight corridors are compared with the zonal mean and found to be greater by a factor of 2 or less. This implies that the zonal mean assumption used in two dimensional models is reasonable during winter and spring. There is a preference for pollutant buildup in the heavily traveled North Pacific and North Atlantic flight corridors. Pollutant concentration in the corridors depends on the position of the Aleutian anticyclone and the northern hemisphere polar vortex edge.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 100; D3; p. 5203-5214
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Implications of three-dimensional tracer studies for two-dimensional assessments of the impact of supersonic aircraft on stratospheric ozone (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A 2D model which uses residual circulation and diffusion and a 3D model which uses winds from a stratospheric data assimilation system are used to estimate transport and dispersion of supersonic aircraft exhaust in the lower stratosphere. The seasonal behavior of the exhaust fields in the two models are is similar, but there is a significant difference in the placement of stratosphere/troposphere exchange in the two models. In the 2D model, exhaust transport to the troposphere occurs mostly at high latitudes, while in the 3D model it occurs at middle latitudes and is clearly associated with synoptic scale events. This may be particularly important to assessment calculations, as the pollutant source is mostly in middle latitudes. The 3D model is also used to examine the transport and dispersion of exhaust in three typical flight corridors: North Atlantic, North Pacific, and tropical. There are no systematic differences that suggest that one corridor is inherently more or less polluting than another.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; D5; p. 8949-8963.
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Three dimensional simulation of spatial and temporal variability of stratospheric hydrogen chloride (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Spatial and temporal variability of atmospheric HCl columns are calculated for January 1979 using a three-dimensional chemistry-transport model designed to provide the best possible representation of stratospheric transport. Large spatial and temporal variability of the HCl columns is shown to be correlated with lower stratospheric potential vorticity and thus to be of dynamical origin. Systematic longitudinal structure is correlated with planetary wave structure. These results can help place spatially and temporally isolated column and profile measurements in a regional and/or global perspective.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 16; 1149-115
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Three dimensional model calculations of the global dispersion of high speed aircraft exhaust and implications for stratospheric ozone loss (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Two-dimensional (zonally averaged) photochemical models are commonly used for calculations of ozone changes due to various perturbations. These include calculating the ozone change expected as a result of change in the lower stratospheric composition due to the exhaust of a fleet of supersonic aircraft flying in the lower stratosphere. However, zonal asymmetries are anticipated to be important to this sort of calculation. The aircraft are expected to be restricted from flying over land at supersonic speed due to sonic booms, thus the pollutant source will not be zonally symmetric. There is loss of pollutant through stratosphere/troposphere exchange, but these processes are spatially and temporally inhomogeneous. Asymmetry in the pollutant distribution contributes to the uncertainty in the ozone changes calculated with two dimensional models. Pollutant distributions for integrations of at least 1 year of continuous pollutant emissions along flight corridors are calculated using a three dimensional chemistry and transport model. These distributions indicate the importance of asymmetry in the pollutant distributions to evaluation of the impact of stratospheric aircraft on ozone. The implications of such pollutant asymmetries to assessment calculations are discussed, considering both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere, Part 1; p 281-284
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Satellite observation and mapping of wintertime ozone variability in the lower stratosphere (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Comparison is made between 30 mbar ozone fields that are generated by a transport chemistry model utilizing the winds from the Goddard Space Flight Center stratospheric data assimilation system (STRATAN), observations from the LIMS instrument on Nimbus-7, and the ozone fields that result from 'flying a mathematical simulation of LIMS observations through the transport chemistry model ozone fields. The modeled ozone fields were found to resemble the LIMS observations, but the model fields show much more temporal and spatial structure than do the LIMS observations. The 'satellite mapped' model results resemble the LIMS observations much more closely. These results are very consistent with the earlier discussions of satellite space-time sampling by Salby.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: NASA-CR-190206 , NAS 1.26:190206
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Dynamics, effects at other latitudes (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-11
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change; 2 p; NASA-TM-104980
    Format: application/pdf
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