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1

Digitale Medien

Modelling the constancy of X (1994)

Taylor, S. D. ; Williams, D. A. ; Hartquist, T. W.

Springer

Astrophysics and space science 216 (1994), S. 153-154

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ISSN: 1572-946X

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Molecular Hydrogen ; Cloud Models

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Physik

Notizen: Abstract Observations of the CO J=1-0 line are commonly used as a tracer for molecular material in clouds. The ratio of the H2 column density to the integrated intensity of this line,X, is often taken to be constant, despite theoretical and observational uncertainty. We have tried to identify how this ratio depends on cloud parameters, testing a simple theoretical argument suggesting its invariance with respect to density. The apparent constancy can be understood if clouds are clumpy on scales of Av ≈ 1-2 mag.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982486

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2

Digitale Medien

PVC as pharmaceutical packaging material (1991)

Dooren, A. A.

Springer

Pharmacy world & science 13 (1991), S. 109-118

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ISSN: 1573-739X

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Consumer product safety ; Drug packaging ; Environmental pollution ; Plasticizers ; Polyvinyls

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract In this report the state of the art with respect to PVC as pharmaceutical packaging material is described. A general introduction into the applications of PVC is followed by a description of its production process. The metabolic effects of the monomer of PVC, vinyl chloride and of the most commonly used plasticizer diethylhexylphthalate are mentioned. Special attention is given to the pharmaceutical properties of plasticized PVC bags in comparison to other plastics and the environmental aspects of waste PVC disposal. Although there are emotional and political queries regarding the future use of PVC as a (pharmaceutical) packaging material, we conclude that there is no scientific justification for a total or partial ban of PVC. PVC will remain a fact of life as a cheap, versatile, high-performance and well-investigated plastic material for medical and pharmaceutical applications, to be replaced by newer plastics only for certain well-defined indications where the requirements of the plastic to be used are so specific that it will economically and technically be justified to use another polymer. Community and hospital pharmacists have to be prepared for a role in intake of waste plastic disposables, probably against deposit money, in order to fulfil the logistics needed for recycling.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01981526

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3

Digitale Medien

Progress in the research of artemisinin-related antimalarials: An update (1994)

Woerdenbag, Herman J. ; Pras, Niesko ; Uden, Wim ; [weitere]

Springer

Pharmacy world & science 16 (1994), S. 169-180

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ISSN: 1573-739X

Schlagwort(e): Antimalarials ; Artemisia annua L ; Artemisinin ; Biosynthesis ; Chemistry ; Clinical trials ; Pharmacology ; Phytochemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; Toxicology

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide isolated fromArtemisia annua L., and a number of its semisynthetic derivatives have shown to possess antimalarial properties. They are all eflective againstPlasmodium parasites that are resistant to the newest and commonly used antimalarial drugs. This article gives a survey of the literature dealing with artemisinin-relaled antimalarial issues that have appeared from the end of 1989 up to the beginning of 1994. A broad range of medical and pharmaceutical disciplines is covered, including phytochemical aspects like the selection of high-producing plants, analytical procedures, and plant biotechnology. Furthermore, the organic synthesis of artemisinin derivatives is discussed, as well as their mechanism of action and antimalarial activity, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, clinical studies, sideeffects and toxicology, and biological activities other than antimalarial activity.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01872865

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4

Digitale Medien

Factor analysis in chemistry, (2nd edition), E. R. Malinowski, Wiley-Interscience, 1991. ISBN 0-471-53009-3. Price £43.70 (1991)

Pack, Simon

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Chemometrics 5 (1991), S. 545-545

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ISSN: 0886-9383

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180050607

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5

Digitale Medien

Masthead (1992)

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992)

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ISSN: 0886-9383

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060101

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6

Digitale Medien

Mathematical model for the optimization of the reaction between 2,3-bis(m-tolyl)quinolizinium bromide and piperidine using a factorial design (1992)

Martin, M. A. ; Frutos, G. ; Del Castillo, B. ; [weitere]

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992), S. 1-10

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ISSN: 0886-9383

Schlagwort(e): Derivatization reaction ; Factorial design ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: A number of nucleophiles have been successfully identified and quantified using the Kröhnke reaction with 2,3-diphenyl derivatives of quinolizinium salts. Optimization of the reaction conditions by means of a mathematical model involving analysis of the response surface has led to a better understanding of the factors exerting an influence on the above reaction.The parameters chosen were temperature, reaction time, base concentration, water concentration and nucleophile concentration. The reaction was developed in polar aprotic solvents (acetone, acetonitrile). To facilitate the nucleophilic attack, the presence of an organic base (triethylamine) was necessary, although concentrations in excess of 0·15M did not alter the development of the reaction. Since pharmaceutical solutions are often aqueous, the influence of water on the reaction was studied. Low water volumes have no significant influence on the opening of the quinolizinium ring by the nucleophilic reagent. However, when the water proportion exceeded that of the organic solvent, the fluorescence intensity was lower than expected. Development of the fluorescent reaction product was first detected 5 min after the reaction started. The fluorescence intensity reached its optimum value after 138 min.

Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060102

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7

Digitale Medien

Announcements (1992)

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992), S. i

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ISSN: 0886-9383

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060203

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8

Digitale Medien

A new receptor model: A direct trilinear decomposition followed by a matrix reconstruction (1992)

Zeng, Yousheng ; Hopke, Philip K.

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992), S. 65-83

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ISSN: 0886-9383

Schlagwort(e): Trilinear decomposition ; Receptor modeling ; Source identification ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: In many cases, monitoring data for ambient airborne particles can be organized in the form of a three-way data table with one way for chemical species, one for sampling periods and one for sites. A direct trilinear decomposition followed by a matrix reconstruction (DTDMR) is developed to analyze such a data table as a whole. The three-way data set is composed into three two-way matrices by a direct trilinear decomposition (DTD). The column vectors of each of the matrices are called ‘source profiles’, ‘emission patterns’ and ‘site coefficients’ respectively. Particulate sources are identified by examining both their source profiles and emission patterns. After the sources have been identified, emission patterns and site coefficients are used to produce a three-way matrix that gives estimates of mass contributions of sources to the samples collected at every site in every period. By simulation study, not only has the method been verified, but a good indicator has been found that shows the number of factors (i.e. sources) in the system. Unlike other receptor models, DTDMR does not require source profile data and does not involve trial-and-error procedures. Since DTDMR identifies sources based on variations in two dimensions, it has a higher potential to distinguish two sources that have similar chemical compositions. The DTDMR model has provided excellent results with simulated data and has been applied in a real world three-way data set.

Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060205

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9

Digitale Medien

Multiple-correspondence analysis optical microscopy for determination of starch granules (1992)

Devaux, M. F. ; Qannari, E. M. ; Gallant, D. J.

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992), S. 163-175

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ISSN: 0886-9383

Schlagwort(e): Multiple-correspondence analysis ; Starch granule description ; Image analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Raw starch is composed botanically of characteristic granules of various sizes and shapes, so that each kind of starch may be characterized by the population of its granules. In the present study ten commercial starch species were studied: wheat, rice, manioc, potato, arrowroot, amylomaize, normal maize, waxy maize and two different banana species. Six variables measuring the size and shape of granules were obtained by image analysis. The objective was to find a method to describe and compare the granule populations of the ten species. For such a study, multiple-correspondence analysis (MCA) was applied. MCA makes it possible to draw similarity maps of categories and objects. For each starch species the frequency distributions (histograms) of the six variables were assessed and each granule was characterized by its species and the classes of histograms to which it belonged. MCA was applied to the granule table and a description of the histogram classes and the granules was obtained. From the variables description a general typology of the granules was deduced. The similarity maps showed considerable scatter of the granules for all species except rice. A particular species could therefore not be identified by a single granule, but the granule distribution seemed to be characteristic. MCA was an appropriate method to analyse these data because it points out non-linear relationships between quantitative and qualitative variables.

Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060307

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10

Digitale Medien

Estimation of prediction error for samples within the calibration range (1992)

Karstang, Terje V. ; Toft, Jostein ; Kvalheim, Olav M.

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992), S. 177-188

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ISSN: 0886-9383

Schlagwort(e): PLS ; Prediction error ; Background constituents ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: A modification of a technique proposed by Lorber and Kowalski for the estimation of prediction errors is presented. The method is applied to five data sets. The results show that for some data sets the estimated prediction errors are close to the actual prediction errors for samples within the calibration range, while samples outside the calibration range must be background corrected before quantification of the prediction error.

Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060403

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