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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (1.006)
  • Physics
  • 1985-1989  (1.007)
  • 1986  (1.007)
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  • 1985-1989  (1.007)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Atoms to astronomy: Computer graphics at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (1986)
    Springer
    The visual computer 2 (1986), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2315
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Animation ; Computer graphics ; Physics ; Solar system
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract Within the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, state of the art computer graphics animation is done in the Computer Graphics Laboratory. The topics of the animations cover many scientific disciplines. Specific features of the system developed there, both hardware and software, are discussed. The prime mover of the effort is Dr. James F. Blinn of Pasadena; his role and experiences are elaborated. Their current largest project is The Mechanical Universe; the system is used for its production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01900326
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editorial (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060102
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation of cilia from porcine tracheal epithelium and extraction of dynein arms (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 25-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): respiratory cilia ; dynein ; ATPases ; porcine trachea ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Milligram amounts of mammalian ciliary axonemes were isolated from porcine tracheas. These were reactivated upon addition of ATP, indicating intact functional capability with a mean beat frequency at 37°C of 8.2 Hz. Electron microscopy showed typical ultrastructure of the isolated demembranated axonemes. Electrophoresis into polyacrylamide gradient gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed reproducible protein profiles from ten different tracheal preparations. Four major protein bands were observed in the 300-330 K molecular weight region, as well as tubulin at 51-54K. Extraction of the isolated tracheal axonemes with 0.6M KCl removed the outer dynein arms seen in electron microscopic cross-section of axonemes, preferentially solubilized two of the high molecular weight proteins at 320 and 330 K, and resulted in a three- to four-fold increase in ATPase specific activity. Sedimentation of the dialyzed salt extract on a 5-30% sucrose density gradient and subsequent fractionation yielded two peaks of ATPase activity. The faster migrating, 19S major ATPase peak correlated with the 320 and 330 K proteins, and two other proteins at 81 and 67 K. The slower sedimenting, 12S minor ATPase peak corresponded to a 308 K protein and two smaller proteins at 33 and 48 K. Thus, the outer dynein arm of tracheal cilia appeared to be associated with at least two high molecular weight proteins. These results demonstrate that adequate quantities of functionally intact axonemes can be reproducibly isolated from porcine tracheas, allowing further fractionation and analysis of mammalian cilia.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060105
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060301
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prelimlnary report on the ultrastructural organization of the contractile appendix of Tontonia appendiculariformis (ciliophora oligotrichina) (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): contractile system ; microfilaments ; microtubules ; endoplasmic reticulum ; ciliophora ; oligotrichina ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Tontonia appendiculariformis is a marine planktonic ciliate with a long tail. The tail can contract rapidly, becoming transformed into an oval mass one-twentieth of its original length. The highly complex ulrastructure of the tail is described here in detail. A large part of the volume of the tail contains numerous more or less parallel membranous tubes. The membrane of the tubes has numerous invaginations and is probably derived from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. This tubular material forms a continuous layer around the tail, interrupted in only one region, which contains cilia. Associated with the cilia are basal fibres with a periodically banded appearance. The tubular layer forms several folds separated by hyaloplasm containing many mitochondria. The pellicle of the tail is thrown into numerous pleats. It comprises a perilemma, a plasmalemma, and complex alveoli, but epiplasm and microtubules are absent. The alveoli appear to form septa within the folds of the layer of membranous tubes. In the region where the tail is attached to the body of the ciliate there are conspicuous bundles of microtubules and microfilaments. The membranous tubes and septa appear to be connected to small bundles of microfilaments, which presumably represent the contractile material. However, we consider the membranous tubes as potentially active in producing the change in shape. Although the structure of the tail of Tontonia is unique, there are certain similarities to the stalk of the Tintinnina and also to the motile extension of the dinoflagellate Erythropsidinium.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060221
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Robert Day Allen (1927-1986): An appreciation (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060302
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A model for the molecular basis of filament contractility and sliding as demonstrated by helix models (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 229-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): α-helix ; filament motility ; filament contractility ; filament sliding ; microtubules ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The twisting behavior of α helices has hardly been considered hitherto with regard to the function of proteins. The well-known electrostatic repulsion between the highly charged side chains, which depends on their interaction with ions, is absolutely connected with torsional rotations of the helix as long as its hydrogen bonds hold. This means a direct transformation of chemical into mechanical energy. However, the stability of a twisted single α helix with charged side chains is low in an aqueous environment. It may easily ball up to form a globular molecule with nonhelical regions of the polypeptide chain. This corresponds to a primitive contraction that obviously occurs with spasminlike proteins that contain strongly twisted filaments as Salisbury [J. Submicrosc. Cytol. 15:105-110, 1983] has shown. Steps that increase the stability and rigidity of α helical filaments are (1) the formation of coiled-coils, (2) self-intertwining (“telephone cord phenomenon”) or intertwining with other coiled-coils as shown with the intermediate filaments, and (3) association with cytoskeletal elements (microfilaments, protofilaments of microtubules) that contain globular subunits. These coarser elements are rotated by winding and unwinding of the smaller helical molecules and thus transmit the torsion produced in the α helices to the microscopic level by the sliding (screwing) motion and the shearing effect that is connected with the waves of a rotating helix. Particles are transported if connected to the helical side arms. Since the displacement of the side arms seems to occur along the single protofilaments of a microtubule, a rotation of these protofiiaments is suggested. The bidirectional transport of particles along single microtubules may be explained by the association of left- and right-handed helices with the protofilaments. According to the models, parallel and antiparallel sliding of neurofilaments and neurotubules is suggested.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060223
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regulation of ciliary motility by membrane potential in Paramecium: A role for cyclic AMP (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 256-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): ciliary motility ; cAMP regulation ; swimming speed ; membrane potential ; detergent models ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The membrane potential of Paramecium controls the frequency and direction of the ciliary beat, thus determining the cell's swimming behavior. Stimuli that hyperpolarize the membrane potential increase the ciliary beat frequency and therefore increase forward swimming speed. We have observed that (1) drugs that elevate intracellular cyclic AMP increased swimming speed 2-3-fold, (2) hyperpolarizing the membrane potential by manipulation of extracellular cations (e.g., K+) induced both a transient increase in, and a higher sustained level of cyclic AMP compared to the control, and (3) the swimming speed of detergent-permeabilized cells in MgATP was stimulated 2-fold by the addition of cyclic AMP. Our results suggest that the membrane potential can regulate intracellular cAMP in Paramecium and that control of swimming speed by membrane potential may in part be mediated by cAMP.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060303
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The lack of interaction between vinculin and actin (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 48-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): vinculin ; actin ; adhesion plaques ; cytoskeleton ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Vinculin was purified from chicken gizzard by a modification of the method of Feramisco and Burridge [1980; J Biol Chem 255:1194]. Vinculin did not alter the viscosity of actin as measured in an Ostwald viscometer, nor did it affect actin polymerization as measured with the fluorescent NBD-actin assay. Sedimentation experiments demonstrated that vinculin did not bind to actin, and electron microscopy of negatively stained specimens indicated that vinculin did not aggregate actin filaments into bundles. These results suggest that vinculin, by itself, does not interact with actin at least under commonly used conditions to assay actin-protein interactions in vitro.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060107
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fungal nuclear behavior analysed by ultraviolet microbeam irradiation (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 35-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): microbeam ; microtubules ; nucleus ; cytoskeleton ; motility ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: During hyphal tip growth in the fungus Basidiobolus magnus, nuclei normally maintain a constant distance from the advancing cell apex by continuously migrating forward. It is not known whether the mechanism that produces nuclear movement also mediates nuclear positioning, or whether these two processes are under separate control. By irradiating small cytoplasmic regions with an ultraviolet microbeam, the coordination between movement and positioning could be disrupted. Regardless of the distance of the target from the nucleus, anterior irradiations (those ahead of the nucleus) caused the nucleus to stop or move backwards, whereas posterior (behind the nucleus) irradiations caused an acceleration in the nuclear velocity. The nucleus retained its ability to move following irradiation, so there was only loss of control over normal positioning. These results suggest that movement and positioning are mediated by different mechanisms. Quantitative microtubule analysis demonstrated that microtubules in the target region had been depolymerized, but in other regions of the cell they were apparently normal. We suggest that the depolymerization of microtubules affects nuclear movement by altering the tensile strength of the cytoplasm, and that cytoskeletal tension mediate nuclear positioning.We also found that accelerated nuclear movement could occur when most of the microtubules surrounding the nucleus were depolymerized. A comparison of the microtubule population surrounding the nucleus in unirradiated versus irradiated cells suggested that microtubules move with nuclei. Therefore, the nucleus does not appear to move via a direct interaction with microtubules.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060106
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