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  • 1
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    Ars2 maintains neural stem-cell identity through direct transcriptional activation of Sox2 (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-27
    Beschreibung: Fundamental questions remain unanswered about the transcriptional networks that control the identity and self-renewal of neural stem cells (NSCs), a specialized subset of astroglial cells that are endowed with stem properties and neurogenic capacity. Here we report that the zinc finger protein Ars2 (arsenite-resistance protein 2; also known as Srrt) is expressed by adult NSCs from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of mice, and that selective knockdown of Ars2 in cells expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein within the adult SVZ depletes the number of NSCs and their neurogenic capacity. These phenotypes are recapitulated in the postnatal SVZ of hGFAP-cre::Ars2(fl/fl) conditional knockout mice, but are more severe. Ex vivo assays show that Ars2 is necessary and sufficient to promote NSC self-renewal, and that it does so by positively regulating the expression of Sox2. Although plant and animal orthologues of Ars2 are known for their conserved roles in microRNA biogenesis, we unexpectedly observed that Ars2 retains its capacity to promote self-renewal in Drosha and Dicer1 knockout NSCs. Instead, chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that Ars2 binds a specific region within the 6-kilobase NSC enhancer of Sox2. This association is RNA-independent, and the region that is bound is required for Ars2-mediated activation of Sox2. We used gel-shift analysis to refine the Sox2 region bound by Ars2 to a specific conserved DNA sequence. The importance of Sox2 as a critical downstream effector is shown by its ability to restore the self-renewal and multipotency defects of Ars2 knockout NSCs. Our findings reveal Ars2 as a new transcription factor that controls the multipotent progenitor state of NSCs through direct activation of the pluripotency factor Sox2.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3261657/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3261657/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andreu-Agullo, Celia -- Maurin, Thomas -- Thompson, Craig B -- Lai, Eric C -- R01 GM083300/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083300-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM083300/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 25;481(7380):195-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10712.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, Box 252, New York, New York 10065, USA. andreuac@mskcc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22198669" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Brain/*cytology ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Conserved Sequence/genetics ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/deficiency ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neural Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Neurogenesis/genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Olfactory Bulb/cytology ; Ribonuclease III/deficiency ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation ; Zinc Fingers
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    Purkinje neuron synchrony elicits time-locked spiking in the cerebellar nuclei (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-27
    Beschreibung: An unusual feature of the cerebellar cortex is that its output neurons, Purkinje cells, release GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). Their high intrinsic firing rates (50 Hz) and extensive convergence predict that their target neurons in the cerebellar nuclei would be largely inhibited unless Purkinje cells pause their spiking, yet Purkinje and nuclear neuron firing rates do not always vary inversely. One indication of how these synapses transmit information is that populations of Purkinje neurons synchronize their spikes during cerebellar behaviours. If nuclear neurons respond to Purkinje synchrony, they may encode signals from subsets of inhibitory inputs. Here we show in weanling and adult mice that nuclear neurons transmit the timing of synchronous Purkinje afferent spikes, owing to modest Purkinje-to-nuclear convergence ratios ( approximately 40:1), fast inhibitory postsynaptic current kinetics (tau(decay) = 2.5 ms) and high intrinsic firing rates ( approximately 90 Hz). In vitro, dynamically clamped asynchronous inhibitory postsynaptic potentials mimicking Purkinje afferents suppress nuclear cell spiking, whereas synchronous inhibitory postsynaptic potentials entrain nuclear cell spiking. With partial synchrony, nuclear neurons time-lock their spikes to the synchronous subpopulation of inputs, even when only 2 out of 40 afferents synchronize. In vivo, nuclear neurons reliably phase-lock to regular trains of molecular layer stimulation. Thus, cerebellar nuclear neurons can preferentially relay the spike timing of synchronized Purkinje cells to downstream premotor areas.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3268051/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3268051/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Person, Abigail L -- Raman, Indira M -- F32 NS067831/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- F32 NS067831-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- F32-NS067831/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS039395/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS039395-13/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01-NS39395/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 25;481(7382):502-5. doi: 10.1038/nature10732.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA. a-person@northwestern.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22198670" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials/physiology ; Animals ; Cerebellar Cortex/cytology ; Cerebellar Nuclei/*physiology ; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials/*physiology ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Purkinje Cells/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Weaning
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    Breakthrough of the year. The runners-up (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 23;334(6063):1629-35. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6063.1629.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22194548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Astronomical Objects ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Aging ; Child ; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; Fossils ; Hominidae/genetics ; Humans ; Malaria Vaccines ; Metagenome ; Photosystem II Protein Complex/chemistry ; *Science ; Zeolites/chemical synthesis/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Graphitic tribological layers in metal-on-metal hip replacements (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-24
    Beschreibung: Arthritis is a leading cause of disability, and when nonoperative methods have failed, a prosthetic implant is a cost-effective and clinically successful treatment. Metal-on-metal replacements are an attractive implant technology, a lower-wear alternative to metal-on-polyethylene devices. Relatively little is known about how sliding occurs in these implants, except that proteins play a critical role and that there is a tribological layer on the metal surface. We report evidence for graphitic material in the tribological layer in metal-on-metal hip replacements retrieved from patients. As graphite is a solid lubricant, its presence helps to explain why these components exhibit low wear and suggests methods of improving their performance; simultaneously, this raises the issue of the physiological effects of graphitic wear debris.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liao, Y -- Pourzal, R -- Wimmer, M A -- Jacobs, J J -- Fischer, A -- Marks, L D -- 1RC2AR058993-01/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 23;334(6063):1687-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1213902.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22194573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Biocompatible Materials ; Cattle ; Corrosion ; Friction ; Graphite/*analysis ; *Hip Prosthesis/adverse effects ; Humans ; Metal Nanoparticles ; Prosthesis Design ; Prosthesis Failure ; Serum ; Spectroscopy, Electron Energy-Loss ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Surface Properties ; *Vitallium
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Pigeons on par with primates in numerical competence (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-24
    Beschreibung: Although many animals are able to discriminate stimuli differing in numerosity, only primates are thought to share our ability to employ abstract numerical rules. Here, we show that this ability is present in pigeons and that their performance is indistinguishable from that displayed by monkeys.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scarf, Damian -- Hayne, Harlene -- Colombo, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 23;334(6063):1664. doi: 10.1126/science.1213357.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. damianscarf@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22194568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Cognition ; *Columbidae ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Macaca mulatta ; *Mathematical Concepts ; Reaction Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Virology. An exit strategy for measles virus (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Racaniello, Vincent -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 23;334(6063):1650-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1217378.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. vrr1@columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22194562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/*metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism/*virology ; Humans ; Immune System/cytology/virology ; Lymphocytes/virology ; Measles/epidemiology/*transmission/*virology ; Measles virus/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/*metabolism ; Respiratory Mucosa/cytology/*virology ; Respiratory System/virology ; Virus Replication ; Virus Shedding
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    Npas4 regulates a transcriptional program in CA3 required for contextual memory formation (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-24
    Beschreibung: The rapid encoding of contextual memory requires the CA3 region of the hippocampus, but the necessary genetic pathways remain unclear. We found that the activity-dependent transcription factor Npas4 regulates a transcriptional program in CA3 that is required for contextual memory formation. Npas4 was specifically expressed in CA3 after contextual learning. Global knockout or selective deletion of Npas4 in CA3 both resulted in impaired contextual memory, and restoration of Npas4 in CA3 was sufficient to reverse the deficit in global knockout mice. By recruiting RNA polymerase II to promoters and enhancers of target genes, Npas4 regulates a learning-specific transcriptional program in CA3 that includes many well-known activity-regulated genes, which suggests that Npas4 is a master regulator of activity-regulated gene programs and is central to memory formation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4038289/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4038289/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ramamoorthi, Kartik -- Fropf, Robin -- Belfort, Gabriel M -- Fitzmaurice, Helen L -- McKinney, Ross M -- Neve, Rachael L -- Otto, Tim -- Lin, Yingxi -- MH091220-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH091220/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 23;334(6063):1669-75. doi: 10.1126/science.1208049.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22194569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/*genetics/*metabolism ; CA3 Region, Hippocampal/cytology/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Fear ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Immediate-Early ; Learning ; *Memory ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    Neurodevelopmental disorders. New hope for a devastating neurological disorder (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 23;334(6063):1615. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6063.1615.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22194537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Angelman Syndrome/*drug therapy/*genetics/therapy ; Animals ; Brain/cytology/drug effects ; Camptothecin/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Mice ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Topotecan/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Transcriptional Activation ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Ecology: Bleak future for amphibians (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alford, Ross A -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 21;480(7378):461-2. doi: 10.1038/480461a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22193094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amphibians/*physiology ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Models, Biological ; Mycoses/*mortality
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    Physiology: On time metabolism (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3971995/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3971995/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bass, Joseph -- R01 DK090625/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097817/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 21;480(7378):466-7. doi: 10.1038/480466a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22193099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cryptochromes/*metabolism ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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