ALBERT

Description: Statistical mechanics for wall shear turbulence in Couette flow based on Brownian motion and comparison with stochastic theory based on Navier-Stokes equation

Description: Annotated bibliography and indexes on aeronautical engineering and aerodynamics - July 1971

Description: Analyses of aircraft aerodynamic characteristics

Description: Allocation to scientists of lunar soil samples from Apollo 12

Description: Annotated reference bibliography on aeronautical engineering documents

Description: Current program and considerations of future earth resources survey

Description: Review of steps taken by nasa toward landing a man on the moon

Description: Annotated bibliography and indexes on aeronautical engineering and aerodynamics - Jan. 1971

Description: Low altitude (less than 1000 km) measurements of ions precipitating into the morning auroral region are presented and analyzed. The ion fluxes exhibited time-energy signatures consistent with impulsive injection onto high-altitude field lines, followed by time-of-flight dispersion. The origin of these ions is investigated through the detailed examination of these signatures in conjunction with simultaneous measurements of precipitating electrons and a magnetic field model. A model is developed which indicates that the source for these particles was located in or near the magnetopause boundary layer, with the position deduced to be in the midlatitude flank region about 20-30 R(sub E) tailward of the Earth. The model explains the existence of multiple injections on a given field line as due to a quasi-periodic source, with the periodicity being about 100-200 s at the source. Several mechanisms are examined in an attempt to explain the injections, with a mechanism related to the propagation of waves on the surface of the boundary layer found to be the most plausible. The observations and results are compared to those of similar experiments and some unifying ideas are discussed.

Description: The assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics (AMIE) technique has been used to estimate global distributions of high-latitude ionospheric convection and field-aligned current by combining data obtained nearly simultaneously both from ground and from space. Therefore, unlike the statistical patterns, the 'snapshot' distributions derived by AMIE allow us to examine in more detail the distinctions between field-aligned current systems associated with separate magnetospheric processes, especially in the dayside cusp region. By comparing the field-aligned current and ionospheric convection patterns with the corresponding spectrograms of precipitating particles, the following signatures have been identified: (1) For the three cases studied, which all had an IMF with negative y and z components, the cusp precipitation was encountered by the DMSP satellites in the postnoon sector in the northern hemisphere and in the prenoon sector in the southern hemisphere. The equatorward part of the cusp in both hemispheres is in the sunward flow region and marks the beginning of the flow rotation from sunward to antisunward. (2) The pair of field-aligned currents near local noon, i.e., the cusp/mantle currents, are coincident with the cusp or mantle particle precipitation. In distinction, the field-aligned currents on the dawnside and duskside, i.e., the normal region 1 currents, are usually associated with the plasma sheet particle precipitation. Thus the cusp/mantle currents are generated on open field lines and the region 1 currents mainly on closed field lines. (3) Topologically, the cusp/mantle currents appear as an expansion of the region 1 currents from the dawnside and duskside and they overlap near local noon. When B(sub y) is negative, in the northern hemisphere the downward field-aligned current is located poleward of the upward current; whereas in the southern hemisphere the upward current is located poleward of the downward current. (4) Under the assumption of quasi-steady state reconnection, the location of the separatrix in the ionosphere is estimated and the reconnection velocity is calculated to be between 400 and 550 m/s. The dayside separatrix lies equatorward of the dayside convection throat in the two cases examined.