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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-26
    Beschreibung: Numerous studies exist on exhumed tectonic mélanges along subduction channels whereas, in accretionary wedge interiors, deformation mechanisms and related fluid circulation in tectonic mélanges are still underexplored. We combine structural and microstructural observations with geochemical (stable and clumped isotopes and isotope composition of noble gases in fluid inclusions of calcite veins) and U-Pb geochronological data to define deformation mechanisms and syn-tectonic fluid circulation within the Mt. Massico intra-wedge tectonic mélange, located in the inner part of the central-southern Apennines accretionary wedge, Italy. This mélange developed by shear deformation at the base of a clastic succession. Deformation was characterized by disruption of the primary bedding, mixing, and deformation of relicts of competent olistoliths and strata within a weak matrix of deformed clayey and marly interbeds. Recurrent cycles of mutually overprinting fracturing/veining and pressure-solution processes generated a block-in-matrix texture. The geochemical signatures of syntectonic calcite veins suggest calcite precipitation in a closed system from warm (108°-147 °C) paleofluids, with δ18O vlaues between þ9‰ and 14‰, such as trapped pore waters after extensive 18O exchange with the local limestone host rock and/or derived by clay dehydration processes at T 〉 120 °C. The 3He/4He ratios in fluid inclusions are lower than 0.1 Ra, indicating that He was exclusively sourced from the crust. We conclude that: (1) intraformational rheological contrasts, inherited trapped fluids, and low-permeability barriers such as marlyshaly matrix, can promote the generation of intra-wedge tectonic mélanges and the development of transient fluid overpressure; (2) clay-rich tectonic mélanges, developed along intra-wedge décollement layers, may generate low-permeability barriers hindering the fluid redistribution within accretionary wedges.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 104086
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Tectonic mélange ; Fluid-rock interaction ; Stable and clumped isotopes ; Noble gases ; Fold and thrust belt ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-26
    Beschreibung: About 15 years ago, a fuelling station in Roma (Italy) was dismissed. When underground tanks were removed, a subsoil NAPL (Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid) contamination came out, showing gasoline leakage from the reservoirs. Monitoring actions took place next and only recently radon dissolved in groundwater was measured for a year and used as tracer of NAPLs in view of its high solubility in these substances. The relative deficit of radon in polluted groundwater compared to radon in background “clean” water allowed us to detect areas where residual gasoline is still located. The source of pollution was identified in correspondence of former gasoline tanks, in agreement with direct measurements of dissolved NAPLs, mainly Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE), a resistant and water-soluble additive introduced in gasoline in place of lead. A short and transient plume of MTBE was occasionally recognized. We hypothesize that the rise of groundwater table enhances removal of MTBE, likely adsorbed onto soil minerals such as zeolites, thus increasing its concentration in water. MTBE levels are then progressively reduced by natural attenuation processes, with half-life of about 23 days. Estimates of MTBE saturation from radon-deficit equations were not reliable because the aquifer is not homogeneous in terms of 226Ra distribution, porosity and emanation power and no equilibrium is reached for radon partitioning between NAPL and water.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 104583
    Beschreibung: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): MTBE ; NAPL ; Radon ; Groundwater contamination ; Monitoring ; Italy ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-28
    Beschreibung: The coastal landscape of the Kachchh Upland (KU) region (NW-India) changed over the last fewthousand years from a shallow marine gulf to a salty desert (1-4 meters asl). In this area,bordered to the south by the Northern Hill Range (NHR), the tectonic-climatic interactiontriggered the sea level fall from +2/4 m circa (6000-2000 BP) to zero. An ancient riverpattern deposited a tidally regulated delta area during the sea level fall that stopped 2000-3000 years ago due to tectonic activity and a dry climate.Deltaic-alluvial fans (DAF) in front of the NHR suggest that the KU’s tectonic activity led tofast landscape evolution. We explored such drastic changes by integrating scientificinformation from a multidisciplinary literature review, identifying terraces and DAFs, andinferring faults through landform recognition, quantitative morphometry, andfield surveys.Our interpretation, summarized in a map, provides new information on active processesalong the NHR.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2167617
    Beschreibung: OSA4: Ambiente marino, fascia costiera ed Oceanografia operativa
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Kachchh ; coastal landscapeevolution ; tectonic-climatic interaction ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-23
    Beschreibung: We present the geomorphological map of the upper sector of the Roncovetro active landslide (Enza Valley, Emilia-Romagna, Italy). The 1:1500 scale map provides an accurate picture of the landslide in October 2014. The map is mainly based on the data collected during an airborne LiDAR survey. The capability of LiDAR to ‘penetrate’ the vegetation cover makes these data the most complete and accurate topographic dataset of this landslide. The map shows that the upper sector of the Roncovetro landslide consists of gravity- and water runoff-related forms. Gravitational features are linked to sliding and flowing movements that characterize the short- and long-term behaviour of the landslide. By comparing the 2014 LiDAR-Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with the 1973 DEM provided by the Emilia-Romagna Region, we calculated that 6.2 ± 0.8 × 105 m3 of material has moved from the top of the Roncovetro landslide in about 40 years.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2277898
    Beschreibung: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Beschreibung: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Landslides ; Geomorphological map ; LiDAR ; Digital Elevation Model (DEM) ; Topographic change detection ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.04. Geology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-27
    Beschreibung: While long-term interactions of magma with carbonate wall-rock (a.k.a. carbonate assimilation) are well-studied, only recently some experimental studies focused on short-term interactions (seconds to minutes) at magma chamber conditions (0.5 GPa and 1200 ◦C). They have shown that carbonate assimilation can effectively release CO2 and dissolve the ingested clast in syn-eruptive timescales. Carbonate wall-rock xenoliths in eruptive products can hence be seen as proof of even shallower ingestion (i.e., within the feeding dyke). To study these shallower interactions, we performed 66 experiments at atmospheric pressure (i.e., at the second endmember of the vol- canic feeding system) and at 950–1230 ◦C with varying melt compositions and limestone compositions. Decarbonation was found to be mainly dependent on temperature and limestone composition while clast dissolution is largely dependent on magma composition, temperature, pressure and interaction time. In natural systems during magma ascent and with increasing quantities of assimilated wall-rock, the magma temperature would steadily decrease, limiting its own decarbonation and assimilation ability. But even in the 950 ◦C-ex- periments decarbonation (i.e., CO2 release) remained a syn-eruptive process. We subsequently discussed the limits of carbonate assimilation as well as the potential effect of syn-eruptive addition of CO2 to the magmatic mixture on magma ascent and eruption dynamics.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 121724
    Beschreibung: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Carbonate assimilation ; Volcanic eruption ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-27
    Beschreibung: One of the main constraints in assessing shallow landslide hazards through physically based models is the need to characterize the geotechnical parameters of the involved materials. Indeed, the quantity and quality of input data are closely related to the reliability of the results of every model used, therefore data acquisition is a critical and time-consuming step in every research activity. In this perspective, we reviewed all official certificates of tests performed through 30 years at the Geotechnics Laboratory of the Earth Science Department (University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy), compiling a dataset in which 380 points are accurately geolocated and provide information about one or more geotechnical parameters used in slope stability modeling. All tests performed in the past (in the framework of previous research programs, agreements of cooperation, or to support didactic activities) were gathered, homogenized, digitalized, and geotagged. The dataset is based on both on-site tests and laboratory tests, it accounts for 40 attributes, among which 13 are descriptive (e.g., lithology or location) and 27 may be of direct interest in slope stability modeling as input parameters. The dataset is made openly available and can be useful for scientists or practitioners committed to landslide modeling.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 37
    Beschreibung: 4IT. Banche dati
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Geotechnics ; Hydrology ; Slope stability ; Landslide ; Modeling ; Geotechnical database ; Input data ; Cohesion ; Internal friction angle ; Permeability ; 04.04. Geology ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 05.02. Data dissemination
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Elsevier
    In:  Spiess, R., Langone, A., Caggianelli, A., Stuart, F.M., Zucchi, M., Bianco, C., et al., 2021. Unveiling ductile deformation during fast exhumation of a granitic pluton in a transfer zone. J. Struct. Geol. 147, 104326.
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-27
    Beschreibung: In their paper, Spiess et al. (2021) published structural, geochronological, and EBSD data on one of the monzogranite apophyses (Capo Bianco) of the buried Porto Azzurro Pluton (island of Elba, Northern Apennines, Italy), a pluton emplaced in the upper crust (P 〈 0.2 GPa; e.g. Papeschi et al., 2019). The authors published a new U/Pb age of 6.4 ± 0.4 Ma, associated with the thermal peak, and a U-Th/He apatite age of 5.0 ± 0.6 Ma, indicating cooling below 60 ◦C. Spiess et al. (2021) use these ages to model the exhumation of the pluton controlled, in their model, by the Zuccale Fault, a subhorizontal fault with 6 km of eastward displacement (ZF; Keller & Coward, 1996). Their structural dataset from the macro to the microscale and EBSD analyses relies on a small section (about 100 m wide) in the NE part of the Calamita Peninsula. Based on their documentation of (1) vertical dykes in the monzogranite, (2) vertical to low-angle top-to-the-E extensional faults, and (3) later NWstriking oblique faults, they interpret the Porto Azzurro Pluton as emplaced in an extensional to transcurrent tectonic setting, extrapolating their findings to the entire Eastern Elba.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 104499
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Upper crustal deformation ; Magmatic intrusion ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-21
    Beschreibung: A reconstruction of the last 2,000 years BP of environmental and oceanographic changes on the western margin of Spitsbergen was performed using a multidisciplinary approach including the fossil assemblages of diatoms, planktic and benthic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils and the use of geochemistry (X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction). We identified two warm periods (2,000–1,600 years BP and 1,300–700 years BP) that were associated with the Roman Warm Period and the Medieval Warm Period that alternate with colder oceanic conditions and sea ice coverage occurred during the Dark Ages (1,600–1,300 years BP) and the beginning of the Little Ice Age. During the Medieval Warm Period the occurrence of ice-rafted debris and Aulocoseira spp., a specific diatom genus commonly associated with continental freshwater, suggests significant runoff of meltwaters from local glaciers.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 562–583
    Beschreibung: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Micropaleontology ; Sedimentology ; Arctic ; Svalbard ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-23
    Beschreibung: The Val d’Agri basin is one of the areas of highest seismic hazard in Italy. Moreover, widespread residential buildings with high seismic vulnerability, a water reservoir, and infrastructures related to hydrocarbon exploitation contribute to increasing the local seismic risk. The basin is several kilometers wide, about 400 m deep, and filled by continental, Quaternary sediments. In this paper we analyse earthquake weak ground motions and ambient noise measurements to investigate local site effects. Data were recorded by eight seismic stations deployed along a 7 km long transect that runs SW-NE across the central part of the basin. The stations operated for three years. Four stations were installed within the basin, two near its edges, and two outside on limestone outcrops. Good quality recordings from about eighty local and regional earthquakes (with average distance from the basin 400 km and 40 km respectively, and ML in the 1.2 - 6.5 range) evidence significant ground motion amplification both in the peak values and durations for the basin stations relative to the hard-rock one. Site effects have been investigated by computing: (1) standard spectral ratios with respect to the hard-rock station (H/Hrif), (2) single-station H/V spectral ratios, (3) simplified 1-D and 2-D numerical modelling based on subsurface information. Earthquake recordings for sites within the basin show: (i) significant ground motion amplifications in a wide frequency range (0.5-7 Hz), (ii) a dominant low-frequency peak around 0.7 - 1 Hz with amplification factors between 3 and 7, (iii) secondary peaks around 1.5 Hz and 3 Hz. Single-station techniques confirm a clear peak or bump around 0.6 - 1 Hz that we therefore relate to the fundamental resonance frequency of the sites. Frequency-time and particle motion analyses performed on earthquake data indicate that the observed ground motion amplifications cannot be fully explained by simple 1-D propagation effects, so we carried out several 2-D numerical simulations in order to better investigate the basin seismic response. The results evidence a role played by basin edge effects on the observed ground motion amplifications. Besides, the response of the basin is controlled by lateral heterogeneities between coarse cemented deposits filling the eastern depocenter and low-velocity softer deposits widespread in the central-western sector.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 84-102
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): site effects ; Val d’Agri ; spectral ratios ; 2-D modeling ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-01
    Beschreibung: In this work, we document two distinct tsunami deposits on the coasts of Ios Island, Aegean Sea, Greece. The younger tsunami deposit, dated 1831–1368 cal. BCE, includes both marine sediments and pumices from the ∼1600 BCE Minoan eruption of Santorini volcano. This is the first evidence of the Minoan tsunami in the Cycladic Islands North of Santorini. Tsunami waves inundated the Manganari coastal plain, southern coast of Ios, over a distance 〉200 m (〉2 m a.s.l.). The second tsunami deposit reworks pumice from the 22 ka Cape Riva eruption mixed with marine sediment. We assume a Neolithic age for this major tsunami, with a wave runup 〉13 m a.s.l. on the southern and eastern coasts of Ios. The source of this tsunami - volcanic eruption, landslide, or earthquake - remains unknown. Additionally, we provide the first on-land evidence of Cape Riva deposits outside Santorini, thus questioning previous estimates on the magnitude of this eruption.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 106908
    Beschreibung: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): tsunami deposits ; Aegean Sea ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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