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  • 1
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    2008 U.S. budget. Ocean research gets a modest boost (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):585-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; *Ecosystem ; Financing, Government ; *Marine Biology ; *Oceanography ; Oceans and Seas ; *Research Support as Topic ; Seawater ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    A call to action for coral reefs (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dodge, Richard E -- Birkeland, Charles -- Hatziolos, Marea -- Kleypas, Joan -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove -- van Woesik, Rob -- Ogden, John C -- Aronson, Richard B -- Causey, Billy D -- Staub, Francis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):189-90. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5899.189b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollution ; Fisheries/legislation & jurisprudence ; Public Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A constant flux of diverse thermophilic bacteria into the cold Arctic seabed (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: Microorganisms have been repeatedly discovered in environments that do not support their metabolic activity. Identifying and quantifying these misplaced organisms can reveal dispersal mechanisms that shape natural microbial diversity. Using endospore germination experiments, we estimated a stable supply of thermophilic bacteria into permanently cold Arctic marine sediment at a rate exceeding 10(8) spores per square meter per year. These metabolically and phylogenetically diverse Firmicutes show no detectable activity at cold in situ temperatures but rapidly mineralize organic matter by hydrolysis, fermentation, and sulfate reduction upon induction at 50 degrees C. The closest relatives to these bacteria come from warm subsurface petroleum reservoir and ocean crust ecosystems, suggesting that seabed fluid flow from these environments is delivering thermophiles to the cold ocean. These transport pathways may broadly influence microbial community composition in the marine environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hubert, Casey -- Loy, Alexander -- Nickel, Maren -- Arnosti, Carol -- Baranyi, Christian -- Bruchert, Volker -- Ferdelman, Timothy -- Finster, Kai -- Christensen, Flemming Monsted -- Rosa de Rezende, Julia -- Vandieken, Verona -- Jorgensen, Bo Barker -- P 20185/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1541-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1174012.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biogeochemistry Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. chubert@mpi-bremen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Arctic Regions ; *Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biodiversity ; *Cold Climate ; Cold Temperature ; *Ecosystem ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism ; Fermentation ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Hot Temperature ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phylogeny ; Spores, Bacterial/*physiology ; Sulfates/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    A contemporary microbially maintained subglacial ferrous "ocean" (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: An active microbial assemblage cycles sulfur in a sulfate-rich, ancient marine brine beneath Taylor Glacier, an outlet glacier of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, with Fe(III) serving as the terminal electron acceptor. Isotopic measurements of sulfate, water, carbonate, and ferrous iron and functional gene analyses of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase imply that a microbial consortium facilitates a catalytic sulfur cycle. These metabolic pathways result from a limited organic carbon supply because of the absence of contemporary photosynthesis, yielding a subglacial ferrous brine that is anoxic but not sulfidic. Coupled biogeochemical processes below the glacier enable subglacial microbes to grow in extended isolation, demonstrating how analogous organic-starved systems, such as Neoproterozoic oceans, accumulated Fe(II) despite the presence of an active sulfur cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mikucki, Jill A -- Pearson, Ann -- Johnston, David T -- Turchyn, Alexandra V -- Farquhar, James -- Schrag, Daniel P -- Anbar, Ariel D -- Priscu, John C -- Lee, Peter A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):397-400. doi: 10.1126/science.1167350.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. jill.a.mikucki@dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Antarctic Regions ; Autotrophic Processes ; Bacteria/growth & development/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Ferric Compounds/*metabolism ; Ferrous Compounds/*metabolism ; Heterotrophic Processes ; *Ice Cover ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors/genetics/metabolism ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; Phylogeny ; Seawater/chemistry/*microbiology ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Sulfites/metabolism ; Sulfur/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    A diver's perspective on coral damage (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karin, Norman -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):196-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17626867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; *Diving ; *Ecosystem
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: The management and conservation of the world's oceans require synthesis of spatial data on the distribution and intensity of human activities and the overlap of their impacts on marine ecosystems. We developed an ecosystem-specific, multiscale spatial model to synthesize 17 global data sets of anthropogenic drivers of ecological change for 20 marine ecosystems. Our analysis indicates that no area is unaffected by human influence and that a large fraction (41%) is strongly affected by multiple drivers. However, large areas of relatively little human impact remain, particularly near the poles. The analytical process and resulting maps provide flexible tools for regional and global efforts to allocate conservation resources; to implement ecosystem-based management; and to inform marine spatial planning, education, and basic research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halpern, Benjamin S -- Walbridge, Shaun -- Selkoe, Kimberly A -- Kappel, Carrie V -- Micheli, Fiorenza -- D'Agrosa, Caterina -- Bruno, John F -- Casey, Kenneth S -- Ebert, Colin -- Fox, Helen E -- Fujita, Rod -- Heinemann, Dennis -- Lenihan, Hunter S -- Madin, Elizabeth M P -- Perry, Matthew T -- Selig, Elizabeth R -- Spalding, Mark -- Steneck, Robert -- Watson, Reg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):948-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1149345.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. halpern@nceas.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Models, Theoretical ; Oceans and Seas
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    A keystone mutualism drives pattern in a power function (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-18
    Description: Data that can be described by a power function are ubiquitous in nature. Although there is consensus that such data frequently emerge generally from nonlinear complex systems, a variety of specific mechanisms may be responsible for creating the pattern in particular cases. Here, we report on the distribution of a scale insect (Coccus viridis) that is a common agricultural pest. Its distribution in an organic coffee farm in southern Mexico generally follows a power function, but there are subtle deviations from that function. We offer a biological explanation for both adherence to the power functions and associated deviations, along with supporting evidence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vandermeer, John -- Perfecto, Ivette -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 17;311(5763):1000-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. jvander@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; Beetles/physiology ; *Coffea ; *Ecosystem ; Hemiptera/parasitology/*physiology ; Mathematics ; Mexico ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Predatory Behavior ; *Symbiosis ; Wasps/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    A large-scale deforestation experiment: effects of patch area and isolation on Amazon birds (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-16
    Description: As compared with extensive contiguous areas, small isolated habitat patches lack many species. Some species disappear after isolation; others are rarely found in any small patch, regardless of isolation. We used a 13-year data set of bird captures from a large landscape-manipulation experiment in a Brazilian Amazon forest to model the extinction-colonization dynamics of 55 species and tested basic predictions of island biogeography and metapopulation theory. From our models, we derived two metrics of species vulnerability to changes in isolation and patch area. We found a strong effect of area and a variable effect of isolation on the predicted patch occupancy by birds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferraz, Goncalo -- Nichols, James D -- Hines, James E -- Stouffer, Philip C -- Bierregaard, Richard O Jr -- Lovejoy, Thomas E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):238-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, 69011 Manaus AM, Brazil. gferraz@inpa.gov.br〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; Brazil ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Likelihood Functions ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Population Dynamics ; *Trees/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    A magnificence to share (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 16;458(7240):808. doi: 10.1038/458808a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19369979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Ecosystem ; International Cooperation/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Travel/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    A major ecosystem shift in the northern Bering Sea (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-11
    Description: Until recently, northern Bering Sea ecosystems were characterized by extensive seasonal sea ice cover, high water column and sediment carbon production, and tight pelagic-benthic coupling of organic production. Here, we show that these ecosystems are shifting away from these characteristics. Changes in biological communities are contemporaneous with shifts in regional atmospheric and hydrographic forcing. In the past decade, geographic displacement of marine mammal population distributions has coincided with a reduction of benthic prey populations, an increase in pelagic fish, a reduction in sea ice, and an increase in air and ocean temperatures. These changes now observed on the shallow shelf of the northern Bering Sea should be expected to affect a much broader portion of the Pacific-influenced sector of the Arctic Ocean.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grebmeier, Jacqueline M -- Overland, James E -- Moore, Sue E -- Farley, Ed V -- Carmack, Eddy C -- Cooper, Lee W -- Frey, Karen E -- Helle, John H -- McLaughlin, Fiona A -- McNutt, S Lyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1461-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecology Group, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 10515 Research Drive, Building A, Suite 100, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA. jgrebmei@utk.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Ducks ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; *Ice Cover ; Oxygen/analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Dynamics ; Temperature ; Walruses ; Whales
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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