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  • Articles  (12)
  • fire resistance  (12)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (12)
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  • Articles  (12)
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  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fire resistance requirements for rubber-tire warehouses (1991)
    Springer
    Fire technology 27 (1991), S. 100-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Fire modeling ; fire resistance ; rubber tire ; warehouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract The normalized heat load approach is used to analyze the severity of warehouse fires involving a large volume of rubber tires. The results suggest that for a compartment with a fire resistance rating of two hours, the maximum number of tires that can be stored safely per square meter of compartment surface area is 0.8 to 1.2 for normal weight concrete walls, and 0.4 to 0.7 for lightweight concrete walls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01470862
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fire drainage system (1987)
    Springer
    Fire technology 23 (1987), S. 26-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Fire drainage ; fire spread ; fire resistance ; compartment boundaries ; heat conduction ; structural damage ; convection ; corridors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Present firesafety measures were conceived to deal with hypothetical fires spreading by destruction of successive compartment boundaries. A new firesafety system, referred to as the “fire drainage system,” is designed to cope with real-world fires spreading mainly by convection. It confines fire and smoke to the room of origin and to a small corridor element adjacent to the room. The system can be designed to operate without the use of water and electric energy. The fundamentals of its design are described and some experimental information is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01038364
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlations of steel column fire test data (1988)
    Springer
    Fire technology 24 (1988), S. 20-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: spray applied fire protection ; fire resistance ; steel columns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Spray application is a method commonly used to protect structural steel columns from direct fire exposure. The endurance time for a column during a fire test is the time at which temperature at any level exceeds 1000°F. In this study a one-dimensional analysis of heat conduction was performed to define the pertinent parameters. For a fire resistive material this parameter was of the form (A/D)h, whereA is the cross-sectional area;D is the heated perimeter; andh is the thickness of fire resistive coating. Correlation of fire test data with the parameter (A/D)h showed that endurance point time for a range of wide flange columns could not be described with a single equation. When (A/D) ratios for the larger columns were determined on the basis of the web dimensions, a single linear relationship between (A/D)h and the endurance time for the complete size range of columns was obtainable. Data from tubular and pipe columns also correlated linearly with the (A/D)h parameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039638
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigating the unexposed surface temperature criteria of standard ASTM E119 (1985)
    Springer
    Fire technology 21 (1985), S. 169-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Surface temperature ; temperature rise ; ignition temperature ; fire resistance ; fire spread ; structural integrity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Information and data were obtained to evaluate the unexposed surface temperature criteria of standard ASTM E119. The investigation consisted of: (1) reviewing literature to obtain information on the development of ASTM E119 and the unexposed surface temperature rise criteria, (2) conducting fire tests to obtain temperature data on slabs with various materials placed on the unexposed surface and (3) conducting ignition tests on these materials to obtain their approximate temperature at ignition. The information and data increased the knowledge concerning the relationship between the unexposed surface temperature rise criteria of ASTM E119 and the ignition temperature of common combustible materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039972
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of selected coatings applied to polystyrene block walls under simulated mine fire conditions (1986)
    Springer
    Fire technology 22 (1986), S. 311-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Polystyrene ; foam plastic ; insulation ; fire resistance ; coatings ; tray fire
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract A test program was undertaken by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) to determine the feasibility of coating polystyrene block walls for fire protection. Selected coatings, used in the mining industry, were tested under semilarge scale, simulated mine fire conditions to determine the appropriate thicknesses of these coatings for protection of the polystyrene foam block against fire for specified time periods. Building plasters containing gypsum and perlite and an expanded vermiculite, portland cement, and limestone coating were particularly effective in protecting the foam blocks against the heat of the simulated mine fire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01038243
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protection of aluminum overcast constructions against fire (1988)
    Springer
    Fire technology 24 (1988), S. 227-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Aluminum ; fire resistance ; coatings ; tray fire ; fire tests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract A test program was undertaken by the U. S. Mine Safety and Health Administration to evaluate various materials for protecting aluminum overcast constructions against fire. Selected coatings and one covering were tested under large-scale, simulated mine fire conditions to determine their effectiveness as a fire barrier for protection of aluminum. Coatings consisting of expanded vermiculite, limestone, and portland cement; mineral wool fibers in hydraulic setting, inorganic binders; cellulose mixed with liquid sodium silicate; and a fiberglass-reinforced surfacebonding mortar were particularly effective in protecting the aluminum structures against the heat of the simulated mine fire. Three inches of a ceramic-fiber blanket and a four-inch coating of phenolic spray foam also proved to be relatively effective barriers for fire protection under the conditions of the test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01038179
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The plate thermometer - a simple instrument for reaching harmonized fire resistance tests (1994)
    Springer
    Fire technology 30 (1994), S. 195-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Plate thermometer ; fire resistance ; furnace ; thermocouple
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract The measured fire resistance of a structure tested in different furnaces in accordance with ISO 834 may differ considerably. Similarly, the fire resistance of that same structure may be 25% longer when tested in accordance with ISO than it is when tested in accordance with ASTM. These anomalies complicate the evaluation of test results and must be eliminated to reach harmonized international testing. The heat transfer to a test specimen in a test furnace at high temperature depends primarily on radiant flux rather than convection. Temperature measurement devices used to control furnaces should therefore respond to this type of heating in a way similar to that in which test specimens respond. They should have a large area so that the radiant heat transfer dominates, and they must, at the same time, have a quick thermal response. The plate thermometer is designed to have these properties. It consists of a thin steel plate, 100 mm by 100 mm and 0.7 mm thick, with an insulating fiber board on one side. A thermocouple is welded to the center of the plate. It should be placed in front of the specimen, with the insulated side facing the specimen. The exposed side will then receive the same radiant heat flux as the specimen. This paper describes the plate thermometer and gives a basic theoretical analysis of the heat transfer conditions in furnaces. Measurements with the plate thermometer in several furnaces are also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040002
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fire endurance of lightweight wood trusses in building construction (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 44-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Lightweight wood trusses ; truss ; wood truss construction ; wood ; gusset plates ; fire resistance ; char ; pyrolysis ; concealed spaces ; structural collapse ; backdraft ; smoke explosion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Lightweight wood trusses are economical construction elements that combine high strength, light weight, and cost savings. The parallel-chord truss is one of the most common lightweight trusses used in commercial and residential occupancies today. Like all structural components, these trusses are arguably susceptible to failure when exposed to fire. This paper will address fire resistance concerns of parallel-chord, lightweight wood truss floor- and roof-ceiling assemblies, particularly their performance under fire conditions and their susceptibility to construction defects. Because evaluating the effect of fire exposure on both conventional and lightweight wood truss assemblies is so important, considerable supplemental background information on the standard fire test, as it applies to general types of construction, is also provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01305267
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling Pore Pressure, Moisture, and Temperature in High-Strength Concrete Columns Exposed to Fire (1999)
    Springer
    Fire technology 35 (1999), S. 232-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: fire ; performance-based design ; standards ; fire resistance ; fire exposure ; thermal response ; carbonate aggregate ; elevated temperatures ; moisture content ; pore pressure ; contours ; fire test ; ASTM E119 ; ASTM E1529 ; heat transfer ; mass transport ; dehydration ; evaporation ; hydrocarbon pool fire ; high-strength concrete ; high-strength concrete columns ; structural fire resistance ; size effects ; spalling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract A mathematical and computational model to stimulate a two-dimensional thermal response of high-strength concrete columns subjected to fire is presented. Contours as well as history and distribution profiles for temperature, moisture content, and pore pressure are illustrated as model output. The model's predictions are validated against ASTM E119 fire test data from a high-strength concrete (HSC) column test and are subsequently compared to output based on a hydrocarbon pool fire (ASTM E1529) exposure. The model's handling of input fires other than ASTM E119 demonstrates its usefulness and adaptability to a performance-based design environment. Results from parametric studies reveal the importance of performing thermophysical material property tests under fire exposures similar to those at which full-scale specimens are to be tested. The influence of size effects on data obtained from small- and large-scale fire test programs is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015436510431
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fire Resistance of Loadbearing Steel-Stud Wall Protected with Gypsum Board: A Review (1999)
    Springer
    Fire technology 35 (1999), S. 308-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: fire resistance ; loadbearing wall ; cold-formed steel ; stud ; gypsum board
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract With the increased use of cold-formed lightweight steel framing (LSF), there is growing demand for the proper assessment of its performance in building fires. In partnership with the North American steel industry, the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) is conducting an experimental and analytical study on the fire resistance of loadbearing cold-formed steel-framed wall and floor assemblies. As part of this collaboration, this literature survey summarizes the information available on the topics related to the fire resistance of loadbearing cold-formed steel-stud walls clad with gypsum board. The current practice of establishing their fire-resistance rating, based on full-scale furnace tests, is assessed. Previous experimental and analytical studies on the subject and on the thermal and mechanical properties of the constituent materials—steel, gypsum board, and insulation—at elevated temperatures are also discussed. Future research needs are identified in the context of recent performance-based fire safety engineering concepts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015401029995
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