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  • Articles  (573)
  • Wetlands
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Guilan province in the north of Iran has witnessed a rapid industrial development in recent years causing pollution of water resources in rivers, wetlands and the Caspian Sea coastal areas. We studied the acute toxicity of Copper and Lead in kutum fingerlings through acute toxicity and M.A.C value determination in summer and autumn 2006. A total of 21 aquariums with a capacity of 30 liters each stocked with 10 fingerlings were used in our experiments with the two metals. Six aquaria and six concentrations of Cu and Pb composed the 18 treatments while 3 other aquaria were used as control. For each treatment, three replications were conducted. The relevant physical and chemical parameters of water during the experiments were measured including pH which was in the range 7-7.5, DH=200-250mg/l (CaCO sub(3)), DO= 80% and temperature which was recorded as 24 plus or minus 1C. Fish investigations were conducted in 24 hour intervals. The results indicated that the lethal concentration (LC sub(50)96h) for Copper and Lead are 1.92mg/l and 252.12mg/l respectively and M.A.C. value for Copper and Lead are 0.192mg/l and 25.212mg/l respectively in the Caspian Sea kutum. Hence, we conclude that Copper is more toxic than Lead for the fish.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Rutilus frisii ; Brackish ; Bioaccumulation ; Lethal effects ; Lethal limits ; Replication ; Heavy metals ; Fingerlings ; Water resources ; Toxicity ; Copper ; Freshwater fish ; Lead
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.169-174
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  • 2
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    National Rivers Authority | Bristol, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11035 | 1256 | 2013-03-26 13:41:14 | 11035 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: This is the Wetland resource evaluation and the NRA's role in its conservation: Classification of British wetlands report produced by the National Rivers Authority in 1995. This R&D document provides a clear classification for wetlands in England and Wales. The classification incorporates many of the existing ideas on the subject but avoids some of the problems associated with other classifications. A two-layered 'hydrotopographical' classification is proposed. The first layer identifies situation-types, i.e. the position the wetland occupies in the landscape, with special emphasis upon the principal sources of water. The second layer identifies hydrotopographical elements, i.e. units with distinctive water supply and, sometimes, distinctive topography in response to this. This system is seen as an independent, basic, classification upon which it is possible to superimpose additional, independent classifications based on other features (e.g. base-status, fertility, vegetation, management etc.). Some proposals for such additional classifications are provided.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Wales ; Inland waters ; Wetlands ; Resource ; Classification ; Key ; Hydrotopography ; Survey
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 106
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  • 3
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4646 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 16:07:43 | 4646 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Flies are the largest order of wetland insects in Britain. Of 6668 known species, larvae of at least 1138 are considered to be aquatic while a large number, perhaps as many again, are associated with wetlands. Despite this abundance of species they have been neglected in nearly all studies of temporary ponds. The prerequisites that are usually quoted for surviving in temporary pools are an ability to reach maturity before the system dries out, physiological or behavioural mechanisms to survive the dry period, and an ability to recolonise. Larvae of many British wetland Diptera have these features, which should enable them to develop and survive in temporary ponds. Some examples are considered in this article, with brief comments on adaptations in insects from other geographical regions.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Temporary ponds ; Habitat ; Insect larvae ; Life cycle ; Animal physiology ; Aquatic insects ; Adaptations ; Wetlands ; Diptera
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 26-39
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  • 4
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/16610 | 12051 | 2015-04-09 12:36:22 | 16610 | Indian Fisheries Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The toxicity of xenobiotic in aquatic ecosystems is influenced by many factors such as ambient temperature, water hardness, pond soil type, etc. In the present study, it was observed that air temperature, water hardness and soil sediment have profound influence on the toxicity of deltamethrin to common carp fry (ay. length 3.5 ± 0.5 cm, ay. weight 0.58 ± 0.25 g); 96h LC(sub)50 values for common carp at 38.07 ± 2.20°C maximum and 27.86 ± 1.22°C minimum air temperature in soft and very hard water were 0.102 and 0.495 µg lˉ¹, respectively. This value had increased significantly to 2.37 and 3.02 µg at 30.55 ± 1.21°C maximum and 26.04 ± 0.61°C minimum air temperature, respectively. When sediment was included, 96h LC(sub)50 at 38.07°C maximum temperature in very hard water was 1.808 µg 1ˉ¹ and this had increased to 8.073 µg 1ˉ¹ when tested at 30.55°C maximum temperature. Due to the 7.5°C increase in maximum and 1.7°C in minimum temperature, toxicity increased significantly. Lower toxicity in very hard water in comparison to soft water may be due to the lower solubility of deltarnethrin and high level of calcium. Adsorption reaction of deltamethrin with clay, humus, FeOOH, MnOOH and particulate organic carbon, and complexation reaction with dissolved organic carbon were responsible for the lowered toxicity in the experiment with sediment. Exposure time had no significant effect on acute toxicity of deltamethrin.
    Keywords: Pollution ; deltamethrin ; pesticids ; common carps ; temperature ; water hardness ; sediment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 31-40
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  • 5
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/16609 | 12051 | 2015-04-09 12:36:35 | 16609 | Indian Fisheries Association
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Sediment and oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) samples were collected at Dhanda, a fishing village in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The samples were analysed for copper, zinc, iron and manganese contents. Metal concentrations in the sediments and bioaccumulated levels in oysters were correlated. There is no positive correlation between the total sedimentary levels of metals analysed and the bioaccumulated levels of respective metals in oyster. A positive correlation between the bioavailable fractions of zinc, iron and manganese, and the bioaccumulated levels exists. Copper, however, shows a negative correlation with respect to the bioaccumulated levels.
    Keywords: Pollution ; Saccostrea cucullata ; zinc ; iron ; manganese ; copper ; oyster ; sediment ; Mumbai ; Maharashtra ; India
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 23-29
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The marine wetland habitat types of Tanzania are defined. The interactions between the ecosystems supporting these habitats are briefly described. The connections between these habitats demand a multi-sectoral approach to their management and the concept ofintegrated management, and its application to the marine wetlands of Mafia Island, ispresented. Guidelines for the legislation and administration of such areas are also presented. The problems of implementation of such a policy in Tanzania and the suitability of thisconcept to the management of terrestrial wetlands is discussed. The Ramsar Convention defines marine wetlands as those areas from the highest extent of the tide to six metres below lowest tide level. This definition of marine wetlands includes asignificant proportion of Tanzania's 900 km long, narrow coastal zone. The coastal zonesupports a number of economically and socially important natural resources as well aspossessing areas of international, regional and national significance with regard toconservation.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Rufiji River basin has wetlands with economic functions that require conservation; these functions have hitherto been taken for granted. Mismanagement of this basin wouldhave direct effects on these various functions and their values. The execution of largeprojects (e.g. hydropower and irrigation) may have effects which need to be evaluated.Coordinated planning and management at the river basin level is required for the sustainableutilisation of wetlands. To illustrate river basin planning, the catchment of the Rufiji River has been used as anexample in this paper. The Rufiji Basin (Figure 1) is the largest catchment basin in Tanzania, covering 177,420 km2, and has the highest potential for hydropower in Tanzania.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: River basin management ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Wetlands Programme within the Ministry of Water, Energy, Minerals and EnvironmentProtection is described as well as its major activity of developing a national policy onwetlands, by advising the various branches of government and consulting with people wholive in and use wetlands. The programme also provides technical information for theplanning of wetland activities and oversees developments in wetlands. About 10% of Uganda's total land area, 205,000 km2, is occupied by wetlands andhistorically these areas were referred to as wastelands. The belief that wetlands, especiallymarshes, are a major source of diseases like malaria and bilharzia has discouraged theirutilisation. Lind (1956) notes that although they occupy a large area of Uganda, thesewaterlogged areas have hitherto attracted little attention, being considered useless except toprovide a few fish and buildin_ materials in a country where good agricultural land wasplentiful. This notion has apparently changed and over the last 20 years the wetland resourcehas been put under considerable pressure from agriculture resulting in the draining of many wetlands and modification of several others.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The major wetland systems of Tanzania are described together with specific functions,products and attributes of lakes, rivers, swamps, estuaries, mangroves and coastal areas. Reasons and priorities for the conservation of wetlands are given together with the existingproblems of wetland conservation and their solutions.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El Sistema de Humedales Costeros de la Comuna de Coquimbo configura una zona clave para la Costa Pacífico Sudamericana, albergando zonas húmedas de singular biodiversidad que cumplen una importante función como lugar de descanso y alimentación para numerosas especies, siendo destacadas como áreas de invernada de aves migratorias neotropicales. La importancia individual de los humedales de esta zona de Chile, y de su recurso hídrico asociado, se incrementa si se considera que son parte de una cadena de sitios en una zona semi árida fuertemente desertificada.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Wetlands ; Coastal zone management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The socio-economic aspects of wetland farming and fisheries' are discussed together with the cultural values of wetlands such as scenery, sources of traditional medicine, anddiseases. The socio-political features of wetland life are mentioned as well as theinternational considerations of wetland water needs. A plea is made for more research intoindigenous knowledge of wetland values and products.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Socioeconomic aspects
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Non-Refereed
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper gives a brief discussion on water supply from wetlands in Tanzania. The majordrainage basins in Tanzania are described and the status and role of the Division of WaterResearch in the monitoring of water resources and data collection from wetlands and watersources are highlighted. The role of wetlands in the hydrological cycle, and the utilisation ofwetlands as water supply sources are discussed. The need for conservation and protection ofwetlands and other water sources is outlined.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Water supply
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 13
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The African region as described in this overview includes the mainland continent and the island states of Cape Verde, Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Sao Tome & Principe, and Seychelles, making up a total of 53 States, 23 of which are Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention. Africa's size and diversity of landscape are striking: bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Indian and Atlantic oceans to the east and west respectively, and the Antarctic in the south, it covers 70º of latitude, several climatic zones, and a considerable altitudinal range. Various wetland types characterize the diverse and panoramic African environment, from mountains reaching an altitude of 6,000m through deserts to coastal zones at sea level. Although wetlands constitute only around 1% of Africa's total surface area, (excluding coral reefs and some of the smaller seasonal wetlands), and relatively little scientific investigation has been undertaken in them in comparison to other ecosystems such as forest or to wetlands in other parts of the world, their important role in support of the region's biodiversity and the livelihood of large human populations is becoming increasingly clear from ongoing studies.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 14
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Pollution of wetlands is becoming a serious concern, due mainly to the rapid increase ofhuman development activities. Although most extensive wetlands are in remote places where the human activities which lead to pollution of the environment are minimal, somehave become polluted by waste products related to development activities or humansurvival. In this paper, major types of pollution from human activities are considered, includingurbanisation, industrialisation, mining, agricultural activities and oil pollution. Proposals for combating pollution problems in wetlands are discussed with a focus onpolicy, planning and legislation; administration and institutional support; environmental research and technology; and improving information, environmental education and publicawareness. Finally, the paper highlights some approaches and techniques for pollution prevention.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Pollution ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The ephemeral wetland system of central northern Namibia consists of the Etosha Pan, Lake Oponono and the Cuvelai inland delta/drainage. This is by far the largest wetland system in Namibia, covering some 30,000km2. The area can be subdivided into several distinct habitats, each with its distinguishing biodiversity. The Cuvelai drainage system is characterized by open, grassy drainage channels known as 'oshanas'. These are lined by the palm Hyphaene ventricosa and Colophospermum mopane trees dominate between the water courses. Adjoining to the south of this are the seasonally flooded grasslands on saline soils. Here the 'oshanas' converge into Lake Oponono via the Omuramba Etaka. Dominant grasses are Odyssea paucinervis, Sporobolus spicata and S. salsus, Panicum lanipes, Monelytrum luederitzianum and Eragrostris spp. To the south of this is the Etosha Pans complex which can be classified as saline desert. In years of above average rainfall, Lake Oponono drains into the Ekuma River which in turn flows into the Etosha Pan. Floodwaters can also reach Etosha via Fischer's Pan to the east, which gets its water from the Omathiya and Owambo Omiramba. The fringes of the pan are lined by sweet grassveld and Combretum/Terminalia/Acacia woodland.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 16
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Over 1,164,000 ha of wetland areas are listed as suitable for irrigation, mainly for cropproduction and livestock grazing. Existing and planned irrigation schemes are described forthe ,main river basins where large areas are devoted to rice and sugar cane. Emphasis' isplaced on the value of small scale, farmer-managed irrigation schemes and the rehabilitation of traditional systems.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Irrigation ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
    Format: 604974 bytes
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    Format: 11
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  • 17
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    Institute of Marine Affairs | Trinidad and Tobago
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Keywords: Swamps ; Fish ; Rivers ; Wetlands ; Aquatic environment ; Swamps ; Fish ; Aquatic environment ; Rivers ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Other
    Format: 2pp.
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The main types of wetlands in Tanzania are described as an introduction to a coverage of the fisheries of the large lakes, the minor waters, the rivers and the intertidal ecosystems.Fisheries potential is estimated and details of catches for each wetland type are given.Fishing techniques and the future of the fisheries are discussed and recommendations madefor future wetlands fishery conservation.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Fishery resources ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 19
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Uganda ratified the Ramsar Convention in 1988, and designated Lake George a Ramsar site. Located astride the equator, the lake and associated wetlands support a wide variety of biological resources. The reasons for this are varied, ranging from the good climate to shallow stratified waters (average 2.4m) which allow for a thorough mixing of the different layers, and a high alkalinity and photosynthetic activity. The status of Lake George is varied with most of the wetlands fringing the Lake being part of the Queen Elizabeth National Park. The open water of the lake is not part of the National Park and is managed by the Fisheries and Water Departments. This has had implications for management because of inter-sectoral inconsistencies.
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Other
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se estudió la biodiversidad vegetal acuática y palustre de la Laguna Coluco que forma parte de los Humedales del río Chepu (Chiloé, Chile). La hoya hidrográfica del río Chepu comprende la laguna Coluco y los tributarios de la cuenca: ríos Huentru, Negro, Puntra, Grande, Coluco, abarcando aproximadamente 100 km^2. Los muestreos de terreno se realizaron con la metodología fitosociológica de la Escuela Zürich – Montpellier. Con los censos de vegetación levantados a lo largo del transecto, se confeccionó una tabla fitosociológica inicial con 120 censos y 88 especies vegetales. Esta tabla fue ordenada con los métodos tradicionales, lográndose determinar las 16 asociaciones siguientes: Myriophylletum aquaticum, Potametum pectinatii, Juncetum bulbosii, Potametum lucentis, Utriculario-Nymphaetum, Myriophyllo- Potametum linguatii, Polygono-Ludwigietum, Scirpetum californiae typicum, Scirpetum californiae subasoc. Typhaetosum, Scirpetum californiae var. Carex riparia, Juncetum procerii, Carici-Juncetum procerii, Juncetum microcephalii, Rubo-Ulicetum europaei y Rubo-Blechnetum chilense y Blepharocalyo-Myrceugenietum exsuccae. La flora de la Laguna Coluco está formada por 88 especies, que se clasifican en 52 Dicotiledóneas, 34 Monocotiledóneas y 2 helechos; predominando las especies autóctonas con un 72,7%. En el espectro biológico, según el número de especies dominan los hemicriptófitos y según la cobertura dominan los criptófitos. Las especies más importantes en el humedal son: Scirpus californicus, Juncus procerus, Juncus bulbosus, Lotus uliginosus, Rubus constrictus y Typha angustifolia. Se captaron tres especies con problemas de conservación: Habenaria paucifolia, Leptocarpus chilensis y Triglochin striata.
    Description: In this thesis was studied the vegetal aquatic and swampy flora from lake Coluco which is part of wetlands of the river Chepu (Chiloé, Chile). The river Chepu’s hidrography valley is composed by Lake Coluco and the rivers which convergen in the deep valley as river Huentru, Negro, Puntra, Grande and Coluco, ocuppying 100 km2 approximately. The area samplings were accomplished with the plant sociological methods of the Zürich - Montpellier School. With the vegetation samples lifted to the long of the transect a plant sociological initial table with 120 vegetation samples and 88 plant species was made. This table was ordered with the traditional methodology, being achieved to determine the 16 following associations: Myriophylletum aquaticum, Potametum pectinatii, Juncetum bulbosii, Potametum lucentis, Utriculario-Nymphaetum, Myriophyllo- Potametum linguatii, Polygono-Ludwigietum, Scirpetum californiae typicum, Scirpetum californiae subasoc. Typhaetosum, Scirpetum californiae var. Carex riparia, Juncetum procerii, Carici-Juncetum procerii, Juncetum microcephalii, Rubo-Ulicetum europaei y Rubo-Blechnetum chilense y Blepharocalyo-Myrceugenietum exsuccae. The lake Coluco’s flora is formed for 88 species that are divided in 52 Dicotyledoneae, 34 Monocotyledoneae and 2 Polypodiopsida; predominating autochtonous species with a 72, 7%. In the biologic spectre according the number of species dominate the hemicryptophyes and according the cover dominate the cryptophyes. The most important species are: Scirpus californicus, Juncus procerus, Juncus bulbosus, Lotus uliginosus, Rubus constrictus y Typha angustifolia. They were captured three species with conservation problems: Habenaria paucifolia, Leptocarpus chilensis and Triglochin striata.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Community composition ; Wetlands ; Vegetation cover ; Aquatic plants
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Theses and Dissertations , Bachelor thesis
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  • 21
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Sebkha is a North African vernacular name for a shallow, salty depression. It is a common wetland type especially in semi-arid and arid climates but less so in sub-humid climates. In Tunisia, about 80 wetlands of this type stretch from north to south, most of them located within a short distance of the coast although not usually connected to the sea. They play a major hydrological role in stocking flood waters, recharging and/or discharging groundwater and are prime habitats for a diverse and typical fauna and flora thus generating many benefits to local communities and society as a whole.
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Other
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Forestry resources include land occupied by, or proclaimed to be forest; the produce found insuch land; and human resources capable of fostering the development of such resources. The following landscape units constitute Tanzania's wetlands: estuaries, open coasts, wetlands incoastal forests, floodplains, freshwater marshes, lakes, peatlands, swamp forests, and ground water forests. Wetlands are sources of food and forest produce, contain plants potentially suitable for agro-forestry and phyto-reclamation, reduce beach erosion, and arc sources of genetic material.Most wetlands face intensive utilisation pressure which endangers their continued existence. Given the multi-utility of wetlands and their diversity in structure, it is not possible to adopt asingle conservation strategy. The ecosystem approach to conservation, incorporating thepreservation of genetic and ecological diversity alongside scientific research, environmentalmonitoring, education and training, is advocated in preference to traditional conservation. Public awareness of the uniqueness of Tanzania's flora and fauna needs to be strengthened as this should guarantee the long term protection of wetlands.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Forestry ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Kenya has a growing population projected to increase to 34 million people by the turn of the century. Though the country is undergoing industrial transformation, agriculture remains the mainstay of the economy. The country has an area of about 587 900 km2 of which 576 000 km2 is land surface. 88% of the land surface is classified as arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) and the remaining 12% forms the medium and high agricultural potential land. This classification is based mainly on the moisture index as indicated by average annual rainfall and evapotranspiration. The Great Rift Valley running north/south influences and determines the drainage pattern so that from the flanks of the Rift Valley, water flows westwards to Lake Victoria and eastwards to the Indian Ocean. The Rift Valley itself forms an internal drainage system. In this case therefore, Kenya consists of five major basins: Lake Victoria, Rift Valley, Athi River, Tana River and Ewaso Ngiro basins (Figure 1). However, only two of these basins can be rated to have surplus water resources: Lake Victoria and Tana River. The other three basins have water deficits and often rely on inter-basin water transfers to meet their basic water needs.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Agricultural development ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Wetlands are dynamic landforms which vary in both time and space. Tanzania's wetlands areclassified according to the physiography and the environment in which they exist. Coastalwetlands, Rift System wetlands and the wetlands of highland drainage basins are the majorgroups. Coastal wetlands are formed by wave action and tidal influence; beaches and lagoons exist because of wave action; mudflats, marshes, mangrove swamps, estuaries and deltas aretidal in origin. Rift System wetlands occur in the rift depressions and are characterised by salt lakes, playas, swamps and short streams with inland drainage. The highlands are drained by long rivers originating in the inland catchments and ending in oceans or lake basins. On theway to their outlets, they form lakes, swamps and floodplains.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The complex system of marine and freshwater ecosystems, and wetland resources, is describedfor the Rufiji Delta, an area of over 53,000 ha. Multiple resource use and the risk ofoverexploitation are mentioned together with the effects of upstream developments on the delta ecosystems. Possibilities for an integrated resource management system are outlined, including a zoning plan for utilisation of the mangroves. The Rufiji Delta covers 53,255 ha (Semesi, 1989) and forms part of the Rufiji River basin whichextends for some 177,000 km2 (RUB ADA, 1981a) (Figure 1). As a result of deposition of sediment carried by the Rufiji River towards the coast, the shoreline has shifted seaward andpresently protrudes some 15 km into the Mafia Channel.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Tanzania is very rich in wetland resources which include the Great Lake systems, major rivernetworks and deltaic mangroves. The major lakes and floodplains have long provided afertile resource base as they include alluvial plains of great agricultural potential. Wetlands in Tanzania support an extensive trading and transport system, fishing grounds,agro-pastoral activities, hydrological processes and, more recently, the harnessing of the riverflows for irrigation and hydroelectric power.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The presence of wetlands in the various protected areas in Tanzania (national parks, gamereserves, controlled areas and the NgorongoroSpecial Conservation Area) is described. The value of tourism in wetlands and the problems of wildlife in wetlands is discussed.Recommendations for the management of wetlands in reserves emphasises the necessaryinvolvement of people who live adjacent tothese areas and are affected by management decisions.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Wildlife ; Wetlands ; Tourism
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Los humedales urbanos son sitios de alta biodiversidad pero que pueden estar bajo presión antrópica si no son bien manejados. En la ciudad de Punta Arenas (53°S), el humedal de Tres Puentes posee características únicas para conformar un sitio con todos los componentes de conservación (educación, investigación, desarrollo sostenible). Se reporta su composición y abundancia en especies de aves acuáticas durante 6 temporadas estivales. Se registraron 31 especies lo que corresponde al 50 % de las aves acuáticas continentales de la región de Magallanes. Se discute la variabilidad interanual y los posibles impactos producidos por el hombre.
    Description: Urban wetlands are sites with high biodiversity but with anthropic pressure if not well manage. In Punta Arenas city (53°S), Tres Puentes is a unique wetland to create a site with all conservation components (education, research, sustainable development). We report Waterfowl species composition and abundance during 6 breeding season is reported. There were 31 species, corresponding 50% of continental waterfowl of Magallanes region. Interannual variability in species richness, abundance and possible anthropic impacts are discussed.
    Description: Published
    Description: Aves acuáticas, Humedales urbanos
    Keywords: Waterbirds ; Aquatic birds ; Wetlands ; Conservation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Knowledge of the geographical distribution of the birds in the Colombian Caribbean is still meager. Coastal wetlands are among the less studied environments in the area and one of the most important for their high bird richness. Since 1998, inventories and monitoring of the bird populations of the lower part of the Sinú river have been made. Until July 2005, 296 bird species have been recorded for the area, 41 of which are new for this part of the Caribbean; in addition, new wintering localities were noted for eight migratory species. Breeding records were obtained for 98 species. Three species are threatened at some level and six have a restricted geographic distribution. New records for the area are explained in terms of the limited previous knowledge of the region’s avifauna.
    Description: Published
    Description: especies migratorias, distribución geográfica, claves de identificación
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Geographical distribution ; Wetlands ; Geographical distribution ; Migratory species ; Identification keys
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.7-42
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  • 30
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    Ramsar Convention Secretariat, Gland : Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: The 6th meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties (COP6), held in Brisbane, Australia, in 1996, adopted an innovative Strategic Plan 1997-2002 which became a model for the planning processes of other conventions. Following on from the success of that plan, COP8, in Valencia, Spain, 2002, concluded three years of consultation and drafting by adopting the Strategic Plan 2003-2008. Its purpose is not only to continue the thrust of the first plan but also to take account of the fact that a still broader approach to wetland conservation and sustainable development was needed, notably in relation to poverty eradication and food and water security, integrated approaches to water management, climate change and its predicted impacts, increasing globalization of trade and reducing of trade barriers, the increasing role of the private sector, and the increasing influence of development banks and international development agencies.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 31
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    Kenya Disaster Concern & VIRED International & UNDP | Nairobi, Kenya
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: All over the world, wetlands are hot spots of biodiversity and as a result they supply a plethora of goods and services to people living within them and in their adjoining areas. As a consequence, increased human pressure pose the greatest challenge to the well-being of wetlands, with Climate Change and nutrient pollution becoming increasingly important. Globally, the processes that impact on wetlands fall into five main categories that include the loss of wetland area, changes to the water regime, changes in water quality, overexploitation of wetland resources and introductions of alien species. Overall, the underlying threat to wetlands is lack of recognition of the importance of wetlands and the roles they play in national economies and indigenous peoples’ livelihoods. Wetlands form a significant component of the land area; covering around 6% of the land area. However, many of the wetlands have been degraded because of a combination of socioeconomic factors and lack of awareness compounded by lack of frameworks and guidelines for wetland conservation and management. In the Nyando Wetland, major threats include encroachment by people and animals for agriculture, settlement and grazing, overharvesting of papyrus, droughts, fire (burning), soil erosion in the uplands that cause siltation in the wetlands, invasion by alien species such as Mimosa pudica and water hyacinth Eichornia crassipes, and resource use conflicts. These threats in the Nyando Wetland are a result of many past and ongoing human activities, both within and outside the wetland area, especially in the upper catchments of streams and rivers draining into the wetland. Many activities are also planned in the basins of rivers that supply water into the wetland, including the Magwagwa Dam on the Sondu-Miriu River for the supply of water for irrigation and a dam planned for on the Nyando River to control floods. These projects are a threat to the well being of the wetland and should be planned while taking care of the negative impacts they may pose to the wetland and other fragile ecosystems in the region.
    Description: Nyando Wetland Utility Resource Optimization Project
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Climatic changes ; Introduced species ; Soil erosion ; Eichornia crassipes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.68-80
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The riverine wetlands in Nyamira Division of Nyamira County in Kenya are important in provision of food and other resources to the community residing in this area yet they are being exploited in a non-sustainable. The extension programmes provided by the government of Kenya have not adequately addressed the extension needs of households utilizing these wetlands because policies developed on wetlands in Kenya advocate for wetland conservation and not sustainable use. This study aimed to establish the extent to which agricultural extension services provide information that enable households apply sustainable exploitation of wetland resources and their contribution to household food security in Nyamira Division. Cross-sectional survey and stratified random sampling design was used to select 120 household as respondents to structured interview schedules used to collect data, followed by focused group discussions. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data collected using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) programme. The results showed minimal extension services provided by the agricultural extension officers on the use of riverine wetlands, with low contact between household heads and extension service providers. It also showed that utilization of riverine wetlands contribute to household food security. It is recommended that government policies incorporate extension needs of households utilizing wetlands and recognize their contribution to household food security so as to promote their wise use.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Food security ; Inland waters ; Water bodies ; Water reservoirs ; Exploitation ; Resource development
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Not Known
    Format: pp.48-60
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  • 33
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    Kenya Disaster Concern & VIRED International & UNDP | Nairobi, Kenya
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The future of Nyando Wetland seem to be at cross-roads between community livelihood support and biodiversity conservation. This important wetland ecosystem, currently threatened by pollution from both diffuse and point sources, Climate Change and variability, poverty manifesting itself as low income, knowledge and food insecurity portend serious and deleterious effects on the ecosystem integrity as well as the socioeconomic well-being of Nyando Wetland-dependent communities. The degradation of this wetland has been exacerbated by lack of a substantive wetland policy and a gazzeted inventory/map of Kenya’s wetlands, resulting in social chaos characterized by encroachments into the wetland, overexploitation of wetland goods and uncontrolled human behaviour towards the wetland. This chapter uncovers two scenarios for the Nyando Wetland, taking cognizance of the current pressures, threats and opportunities including the development and implementation of an integrated wetland management plan. The scenarios are constructed in line with the constitution of Kenya 2010 and the national blue print --Kenya Vision 2030-- both of which are strongly anchored on the tenets and principles of sustainable development. The chapter therefore summarizes the entire book and provides the future pathway towards sustainable management and utilization of Nyando Wetland resources through participatory multi-pronged approaches, gender and culturally-sensitive interventions and policy frameworks.
    Description: Nyando Wetland Utility Resource Optimization Project
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Biodiversity ; Resource management ; Resource conservation ; Pollution effects
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.132-145
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Land degradation is as a result of broad range of scales and factors, which include biophysical, climatic, demographic and socio-economic. The aim of this paper was to provide an analysis of wetland utilisation, ecosystem degradation and their effect on the Lake Victoria (Kenya) ecosystem. This involved analysis of socioeconomic and remote sensed data. The main sources of wetland degradation in the Lake Victoria basin were identified as (1) farming activities, (2) grazing and macrophyte harvesting and (3) coupled with catchment degradation-deforestation. These factors were closely related to the demographic dynamics and unsustainable land utilisation practices. Socio-economic data provided valuable insight on the pattern of wetland utilisation and possible sources of degradation pressure. For example, there is high dependence of the local indigenous livelihood directly on the swamp for subsistence needs including farming, grazing and income generation. Farming is the most important wetland utilisation activity, which takes 95% of the households wetland land holding mainly for subsistence use. In addition, there has been progressive degradation of the catchment area through deforestation, overgrazing and low furrow period. This results in high sediments transport and other pollutants to the lake ecosystem due to the removal of buffering effect of the macrophytes in the swamp especially along river Nzoia systems. Remote sensing data indicated progressive opening of the swamp especially in the high population and more accessible northern side of the swamp. In conclusion, the unsustainable use of natural resources in the basin has had significant negative effect on the Lake ecosystem including water pollution siltation and increase of floating biomass.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Deforestation ; Natural resources ; Utilization ; Land use ; Pollutants ; Riparian environments ; Degradation ; Wetlands ; Inland waters ; Catchment area ; Remote sensing ; Environmental effects ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Resource development ; Sediment transport ; Silting ; Water pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Non-Refereed
    Format: pp.483-494
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: African wetlands constitute an important natural resource base and are actively utilised by rural communities for socio-economic activities. However, vital information on their functions, values, uses and threats is lacking in many parts of the continent. This makes it difficult to plan for wetland conservation and to integrate conservation and development goals at a local level. This paper presents the results of a two-year study of wetlands in Kajiado district (36°30’E, 2°10’S), a semi-arid area in southern Kenya. The physical inventory of wetlands was carried out using topographic maps (scale 1:50 000) and aerial photographs of the district together with field surveys undertaken during the period March 1996–April 1998. Biological inventory was carried out by sampling higher plants and animals on each major wetland. Data on wetland values, uses, threats and conservation initiatives was gathered through direct and indirect methods. 80% of Kajiado district (21 105 km2) is semi-arid. Wetlands cover about 2% of the total area, most of them occurring in the high water potential areas of Ngong Hills, Mau-Nguruman escarpments and Mt. Kilimanjaro. Fifteen wetlands ranging in size from 10 to 15 000 ha were found and comprised lakes, rivers, swamps, marshes, floodplains, natural springs, man-made dams, ponds and pans. Water quality and quantity varied considerably between wetlands and between seasons. Species diversity was relatively low in marshes and swamps but even lower in saline lakes and seasonal rivers. Permanent fresh water wetlands provided water for domestic and livestock consumption and for irrigation. Subsistence fisheries and livestock grazing took place in some permanent freshwater wetlands. Aquaculture for fish production and control of water-based disease vectors was a rapidly growing community activity. The primary threats to wetlands were due to pollution, siltation and colonisation by exotic species. The results of this study indicate that wetlands play a vital role in conserving biological diversity, supporting human life and economic activities in the dry lands of Africa.
    Description: pp.97-111 in: Finlayson, D.M., Davidson, N.C.and Stevenson, N.J. (eds) 2001 Wetland inventory, assessment and monitoring: practical techniques and identification of major issues.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Inland waters ; Resource conservation ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.97-111
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  • 36
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    Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association | Zanzibar, Tanzania
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study focused on bird surveys and habitat degradation which has been documented as the most immediate threat to the survival of bird populations globally (Recher and Lim, 1990; Robinson and Trial, 1996; Fanshawe & Bennum, 1999; Ford et al, 2001; Boere et al.2006). Research activities were conducted within the Tana Delta which is located along Kenya’s 600km coastline within latitude 02030′S and longitude 40020′E from October 2006 to August 2007. Six sites were chosen for ground truthing of remotely sensed data and for obtaining indicative estimates of bird species and population within the delta. Bird density estimates and species diversity were assessed using a combination of line transect and point counts (Bibby et al., 1992). Spatio-temporal data analyses were accomplished using Arcinfo GIS version 9.2. The total area surveyed during this study was estimated at 367 Km2 spread across the six study sites within the Tana Delta and yielded 60, 054 birds for the entire survey period. The sighting registrations were dominated by shore birds (10 species) in Kipini and Shekiko which accounted for 73% of the total. Shakababo had the highest species diversity (30 species) while shorebirds had the least species counted (9 species). There was a significant increase (t=2.67, p〈0.001, 16df) in the number of birds observed during the South East Monsoons (SEM) compared to the registrations recorded during the North East Monsoons (NEM). The major habitat categories of the delta were found to comprise wetlands, perennial marshes, forested areas, mangroves, rangeland, barren and land tidal flats. The habitat total area in hectares for the study area was 291, 411 hectares but there were spatial variations for the land cover types between 1972 and 2004 mainly affecting forested areas and wetlands. The change detection procedure and datasets used in the study resolved spatial changes in habitat cover within three categories i.e. wetlands (12.5%), forest areas (77.5%) and mangroves (10%). The three habitat categories have been identified as underlying the high diversity of birds within the lower Tana Delta area. Overall it was observed that the spatially degraded area comprised 1.68% of the total habitat area. Colonization within degraded areas was observed as primary succession by species of lower value which were indicative of a declining bird habitat quality. Based on an ordinal score of 0-5 and frequency of observed birds, it was evident that forested areas had the highest diversity of birds, then forest areas, tidal flats and rangelands.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquatic birds ; GIS ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Not Known
    Format: 24pp.
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  • 37
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    Kenya Disaster Concern - VIRED - UNDP | Nairobi, Kenya
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Wetland conservation is a young science and its management largely depends on adaptive management approaches. Challenges and lessons learnt in a community based management of Nyando Wetland therefore form one of the most important outcomes of the Nyando Wetland Resource Utility Optimization Project. This chapter gives a comprehensive breakdown of the challenges faced as market failures, lack of institutional framework, policy failures, lack of baseline information and awareness among stakeholders, and unclear land tenure and ownership within wetland ecosystems. Other challenges include inadequate funding of wetland conservation initiatives, inadequate community participation, variability of climatic conditions, lack of political goodwill and lack of wetland management plans to guide towards wise use of wetlands. Several lessons were learnt in this initiative which could guide future interventions in the basin. These include taking care to ensure participatory approaches and mainstreaming of gender in order to reduce resource use conflicts, and careful selection of alternative livelihood activities. Others include designing project activities with complete knowledge of the attitude of the community towards the resource in question and the level of literacy of the stakeholders. Leadership skills of the community and their leaders and copying with Climate Change must also be manipulated to ensure attainment of conservation goals. It is also important to share information, identify all stakeholders and form partnerships for collective success.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Resource conservation ; Resource management ; Environment management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.122-131
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Wetlands in most parts of the world are under threat of over-exploitation partly because their socio-economic value is not well known. Yala Wetland, the largest freshwater wetland in Kenya, with a large part of it bordering Lake Victoria’s shoreline, faces even greater threats of extinction. This wetland measures about 17,500 ha and is host to a number of indigenous fish species, animals and plants which are exploited by the local communities for subsistence and commercial purposes.There has been pressure to reclaim portions of this wetland for agricultural activity. So far, 2,300 ha has, indeed, been drained for commercial agriculture. Furthermore, it is difficult to control effort in the exploitation of the remaining wetland resources since the economically sustainable yields are undetermined. This study was undertaken to close down the information gaps and generate relevant data for managing the wetland. Data for the study were collected in two phases, first a rapid appraisal exercise, then a monitoring program for 6 months in 2004-2005. Several variables were monitored during the study period, including; fish catch and composition, commercial yield of macrophytes, demand and price levels of wetland resources, levels of effort for exploiting wetland resources and other relevant ecological variables. This paper presents the results of the study including, the composition and fish catch levels, the quantities of harvested and marketed macrophytes and other resources. Using these, the annual economic values of the Yala Wetland resources is determined. In addition the paper gives determinants of exploitation effort and the characteristics of wetland exploiters. The paper proposes management options under which the wetland can be managed.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Inland waters ; Overexploitation ; Wetlands ; Inland waters ; Overexploitation ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Fishery resources ; Resource management ; Water reservoirs ; Monitoring systems ; Land use ; Resource conservation ; Environment management ; Protected resources ; Freshwater lakes ; Inland fisheries ; Lake fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Wetlands that occur in arid and semi-arid areas have unique characteristics and support unique biodiversity. The permanent wetlands are relatively small and isolated by large areas of dry land. There are however, numerous temporary or seasonal wetlands that contain water for only short period in the year. These wetlands contain water, a critical resource for all people, livestock, wildlife and plant life. The availability of fresh water minerals, pasture and other useful products attract humans, thereby making the wetlands to become focal points of economic development and indeed urbanization. The changing lifestyles of resident communities, such as increased focus on subsistence and commercial agriculture and sedentarization as opposed to nomadic pastoralism have profound impacts on wetlands and the biodiversity that they support. This paper provides primary data deriving from the authors’ own studies of wetlands and their utilization by the local community in the River Ewaso Ngiro basin, southern Kenya. The study results are supplemented with relevant secondary information from other river basin studies in eastern Africa. The paper exposes the immense natural and socio-economic potential of dry land wetlands in enhancing food security and livelihoods in the arid and semi-arid regions of Africa.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Inland waters ; Water reservoirs ; Resource conservation ; Environmental protection ; River basins ; Watersheds ; Potential resources ; Resource development ; Exploitation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 40
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    Center for Development Research, University of Bonn | Bonn, Germany
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The overall aim of this study was to assess the sustainability of the current utilization of the wetland resources and the impact of human activities on the Yala swamp ecosystem in West Kenya. The socio-economic results indicate that this swampland provides a wide range of support and products to the local communities. These include direct benefits like thatch material and fish and other benefits such as land for small-scale farming and grazing. Approximately 70% of the wetland products are used at the domestic level with the rest being used to generate modest incomes. Marketing of wetland products is ineffective, resulting in low profit margins, which again discourage sustainable wetland use. Nevertheless, farming is an important activity, which engages 90% of the holdings in the swampland and supplies about 70% of the domestic food requirements. Post-harvest growth of the macrophyte that are commonly used by the local communities was high in the first four weeks ranging from 5-300% of the initial biomass. This was followed by a lower growth rate in the next 10 weeks averaging 1-30% with the less disturbed eco-types achieving higher values (10-30%) than the highly disturbed eco-types (1- 15%). The growth rate after the 14th week was highly diminished in all species. During the dry season, fast growth was also restricted to the first 14 weeks, but with an overall reduction in average height gain, growth rate and biomass in all the ecotypes. This variability was attributed to seasonal ecological dynamics and not to the effect of repeated harvesting. The average biomass was about 1,050g dry wt m2, which is within the values for other tropical papyrus wetlands. The plant nutrient N:P ratio ranged from 6-3.5, which was above ecological limiting levels of phosphorus. These results indicate that the macrophyte can be sustainably harvested at intervals of 14 weeks if the natural ecological setup is maintained. Ecological conditions were more favourable for macrophyte growth during the wet season (as compared to the dry season) and in the less disturbed ecotypes (as compared to the highly disturbed ecotypes). Soil parameters were more influenced by eco-type than by season. In contrast, water chemistry was more influenced by the seasons. Both soil total N (0.25 -0.3%) and P (0.07- 0.06%) as well as water P (0.03 - 0.14 mg/l) and N (3.72- 2.01mg/l) were above ecological limiting levels. Land-cover analysis was done using Landsat satellite images taken in the dry season (February 5, 1973, MSS and February 2, 2001 ETM). The most prominent change was a more than three-fold increase in agricultural land from 1,564 ha in 1973 (7 % of the total wetland) to 5,939 ha in 2001 (28 % of the total wetland). However, this excluded temporary land use during other seasons. This conversion of natural vegetation was mainly located along the swamp edges, in particular on the northern and eastern side of the swamp. The satellite images also allowed identification of the siltation areas, which have increased along the Lake Victoria shoreline. The overall classification accuracy was high at 75% with Kappa statistics at 70%. The Normalized Different Vegetation Index recorded a high reduction of the positives values from +0.909 in 1973 to +0.405 in 2001, mainly due to a reduction in the vegetation cover of the swamp. This was attributed to anthropogenic activities, mainly farming. The main driving factors for land-use changes in the Yala swamp were identified as (i) household numbers, (ii) household and population densities, and (iii) wetland accessibility (combining swamp coverage and terrain suitability). These drivers act as proxy for a whole range of factors, in particular the demand for farming land and high dependence of the local community on the swamp resources for their livelihoods. The statistically computed land-use change using the conversion index (11,696 ha) show a high co-validation with the land-cover changes derived from the satellite images (11,735.44 ha). In conclusion, it can be expected that under the current utilization scenario, swamp conversion is expected to increase as a function of household densities. The big challenge is to balance between increasing swamp farming and sustainable ecosystem utilization, e.g., macrophyte-based water filtering, while maintaining the benefit flow to the local communities.
    Description: Thesis
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biomass ; Macrophytes ; Aquatic plants ; Freshwater plants ; Fishery resources ; Ecotypes ; Habitats ; Wetlands ; Inland waters ; Man-induced effects
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 198pp.
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  • 41
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    African Studies Centre | Leiden, Netherlands
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This survey aimed to identify the current stakeholders of the Tana Delta wetland as well as their legal status, mandate, objectives, current activities and vision for the Delta. The stakeholder of the wetland include the Kenya Government (departments and agencies), Non-Governmental organisations (national and local), Community-Based Organizations and individual resource users. All stakeholders value the wetland for its goods and services. Key issues mentioned land accessibility and ownership; human/wildlife conflict; resource conflicts; resource depletion; reduced water volume in the main river; insecurity and banditry; poor infrastructure; , poor law enforcement; and negative attitudes towards agencies on the ground.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Legal aspects ; Wetlands ; Environmental legislation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.331-343
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study assessed the community perceptions of the importance of wetland plants, particularly papyrus ( Cyperus papyrus) and compared it with that of agricultural products, mainly rice ( Oryza Sativa ), in the Nyando River Wetlands, Kenya. The goal was to suggest better mechanisms for the sustainable management of the two resources and the wetlands. It was conducted among communities living in NRW area namely Nyando, Lower Nyakach and Kadibo Divisions of Kisumu and Ny ando districts, from August 2000 to February 2001. Primary data was gathered using field observation, interviews, group discussions and questionnaires, administered to 120 randomly selected household heads. Secondary data was collected from published and unpublished materials. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The community perceived papyrus to be important as a source of income, building material and production of handicrafts. Rice was viewed as a major source of family income and food. Majority, 65 (54.2%) respondents perceived rice to be more important, compared to 47 (39.2%) who perceived papyrus to be more important and 8 (6.7 %) who were undecided. This difference was significant ( 2 = 42.5, p = 0.05, df=2). There was no significa nt relationship between demographic factors and respondents choice of product with more value. However, there was a significant relationship between respondents’ choice and the physical characteristics of the wetland site in their locality ( 2 = 10.76, p = 0.05, df=4). The mean monthly income from rice was Ksh. 3106 and Ksh. 2414 from papyrus mat making. The differences in monthly mean incomes from the two enterprises were insignificant [F. (6, 79) =0.651, P= 0.05]. The study concluded that both papyrus a nd rice were important for the socio - economic development of the community. However, unchecked harvesting of papyrus, fire outbreaks, poor farm management practices, lack of appropriate skills, limited financial resources, poorly developed infrastructure, marketing problems and land use and land ownership conflicts resulted in the mismanagement and degradation of the wetlands. To increase community incomes and strengthen wetland conservation, there is need to identify and promote sustainable uses of the wet lands based on community perceptions of the importance of the wetlands, raise their awareness of the importance of wetlands conservation by providing appropriate training, education, extension services, financial and technical assistance. The wetlands shou ld be zoned for various land uses, community based organizations established and strengthened, co- ordination between stakeholders in wetlands use and management enhanced and a comprehensive wetland management policy developed. There is need to investigate the uses of other wetland resources, demonstrate their wise use, plan for their conservation and explore the possibilities of making Nyando River Wetlands a Ramsar Site.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Inland waters ; Aquatic plants ; Freshwater plants ; Botanical resources ; Freshwater weeds
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: xi, 25pp.
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Keywords: Convention on Wetlands ; Ramsar ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Conference Material , Non-Refereed , Paper
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Water quality and fish species are studied in selected catchments of Lake Victoria. The major aim of the study is to establish the relationship between the environmental quality and fish communities in the selected study sites of Lake Victoria. Physico-chemical characteristics of water in selected sites were determined on-site while nutrients and heavy metals were determined in the laboratory using standard methods. Fish samples were collected using experimental multifilament gillnets with varying mesh sizes. Fish identification was done using external morphological characteristics and identification keys. Physico-chemical results in Thruston bay revealed rise in water column temperature and turbidity as compared to those measured by earlier studies on the lake. Dissolved oxygen (DO) ranged from 0.9 mg L-1 in Yala catchment to 11.56 mg L-1 in Thruston bay. Phosphorus (P) ranged from 9.78 ~kg L-1 to 120.67 ~kg L-1 in Thruston bay and in Yala catchment, it ranged from 185.2 ~kg L-1 to 1526.9 ~kg L-1. The nitrate-nitrogen loading in the Geita catchment ranged from 130 to 7465 kg N between the years 2006 and 2008. The results in the inshore sites show a potential for higher photosynthetic rates than in the offshore sites implying that there is more food for the fish in the inshore sites than in the offshore sites. Results further reveal that in Thruston bay there are 13 fish species and Haplochromines dominate the fish catch in terms of numbers. Heavy metals including mercury resulting from artisanal and commercial gold mining in the Geita study site were also detected in the discharges into the lake. This paper also presents measures for the sustainable management of the lake environment, its quality and fisheries.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fish ; Wetlands ; Swamps ; Nutrients (mineral) ; Environmental impact ; Water quality ; Heavy metals ; Inland water environment ; Catchment area
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Not Known
    Format: pp.54-65
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Experiments were set to determine the effect of monthly and seasonal harvesting on temporal papyrus population density. Mean initial culm count was 21.6±2.26/m2. Initial culm counts varied across sites, but spatial differences were not significant. Mean monthly culm counts declined with successive harvests, and each sequential harvest significantly reduced culm counts. Seasonal culm counts were generally higher in unharvested than in harvested plots, and the differences were significant in Nduru (F=13.569; p〈0.05). There were no culm counts differences within and among sites between initial and seasonally harvested plots. Overall, there were more culms in seasonal (32.3±3.34/m2) than in initial counts. It was found that culm counts do not depend on site, and that harvesting reduces culm counts. It is evident that seasonal harvesting does not affect culm counts. Leaving a papyrus crop stand unharvested for more than a season increases its culm count. Given that frequent harvesting reduces culm count, and considering that initial papyrus population densities were the lowest across sites, it may be concluded that Winam Gulf papyrus is harvested faster than the wetlands can replenish. This finding highlights the need for urgent conservation measures in the area. It is suggested that papyrus conservation steps be undertaken most urgently in Winam Gulf. A minimum-harvesting regime at the start is once per patch per season. However, fewer patches were studied relative to the entire swamps. A more elaborate assessment, covering larger areas and more swamps, with greater effort, should be undertaken to determine the replenishment break-even point.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Freshwater weeds ; Aquatic plants ; Plant control ; Cyperus papyrus ; Harvesting ; Replenishment ; Swamps ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Conference Material , Not Known
    Format: pp.307-416
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  • 46
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    Kenya Disastern Concern - VIRED - UNDP | Nairobi, Kenya
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This chapter addresses the geological, geomorphological, climatic and hydrological conditions prevailing in the Nyando Wetland and the surrounding area. Nyando Wetland is part of the many papyrus dominated wetlands in the Lake Victoria Basin. The wetland is located at the mouth of Nyando River but it is contiguous with other lakeshore wetlands forming the second largest wetland (14,400ha) on the Kenyan side of the Lake Victoria Basin. Within it are a number of small wetlands whose major sources of water include direct precipitation, runoff from upland areas, inflow from rivers, recharge from aquifers and backflow from the lake during flooding. The wetland is incised within the Kano Plains, which is a floodplain riparian zone transitional between the surrounding upland areas on one end and the Lake Victoria at the other extreme end. Land-use activities in the upper Nyando River Basin have a strong bearing on the Nyando Wetland through their influences on water quantity and water quality. Because of deforestation activities in the upper basin, water quality has been deteriorating and quantity fluctuating in the river, with increased peak flows during the rains resulting in widespread flooding in the lowlands. During the dry season, base flows in the rivers and streams are considerably reduced, resulting in the drying up of large sections of the wetlands. The wetlands are rich with diverse plants and animal life. The common species of macrophytes, macroinvertebrate, amphibians, reptiles, fish, birds found in the wetlands are also presented together with their conservation status. The Nyando Wetland has undergone changes as a result of climatic and human-induced perturbations within the wetlands themselves and in the catchment of rivers draining into or through the wetlands. These activities continue to compromise the ecological integrity of this fragile ecosystem. The sustainable conservation and management of the wetlands would benefit greatly from concerted efforts by all stakeholders.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Inland waters ; Geomorphology ; Climatic changes ; Land use ; Resource management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.15-31
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  • 47
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    Kenya Disaster Concern - VIRED - UNDP | Nairobi, Kenya
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Wetlands provide a range of goods and services and possess a variety of attributes of value to society. They offer provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services that generate economic value from their direct, indirect or potential use. Despite legislation designed to protect wetlands, they continue to be degraded and lost at an alarming rate. This is partly because of lack of understanding of their ecological and socioeconomic importance, which leads to distorted policy and decision making regarding their use and management. The value of a wetland can be partly assessed in terms of the direct use of its resources for the satisfaction of human needs. In the Nyando River Basin, many wetlands have been lost or degraded as a result of increasing demands for land and water. An understanding of the socioeconomic value of the wetlands is crucial when deciding on conservation and development priorities related to land use and the allocation of finite resources. Therefore, the value of the natural resources that wetlands provide to communities is a critical consideration. This chapter provides such knowledge, which would enable policy makers to set up appropriate wetland conservation programmes at the community level in Nyando and other related wetlands in the Lake Victoria Basin. It highlights the key direct consumptive wetland goods and services, estimates the value of direct consumptive use and investigates the determinants of the direct consumptive value of the resources in the Nyando Wetland.
    Description: Nyando Wetland Utility Resource Optimization Project, Ref:- AKEN/05/427
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Resource conservation ; Resource management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.53-67
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  • 48
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    Kenya Disaster Concern - VIRED - UNDP | Nairobi, Kenya
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The greatest challenge in the conservation and management of wetland ecosystems in Kenya is the fact that most of them are found in unprotected areas and the lack of a national wetland policy. Community based approaches therefore become the most viable option. This chapter describes experiences gained in community based management of Nyando Wetland, an intervention initiated by two local NGOs (Kenya Disaster Concern and VIRED International) and the Nyando Wetland Community and funded by UNDP-Kenya. The principle of co-management of natural resources on which the intervention was based is outlined with some examples of other initiatives carried out by other institutions in Kenya. The objectives of this project are given with an emphasis on its relevance to Kenya’s Vision 2030, the MDG goals and UNDP, the funding agency. The overall objective however was the rehabilitation, restoration and conservation of the degraded Nyando Wetland. The chapter explores in greater detail the approaches used in achieving the project objectives. Activities were strategically planned on a Quaterly and Annual basis starting with community mobilization, awareness creation, capacity building to catalyze full participation of the local communities. The use of alternative livelihood activities is highlighted as an incentive to the local communities, research was to enable the project team to make informed decisions and the formation of a coalition with multiple partners. The chapter ends with approaches to ensure sustainability of the initiated activities. As a pioneering initiative, experiences gained are invaluable.
    Description: Nyando Wetland Utility Resource Optimization Project, Ref:- AKEN/05/427
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Water resources ; Environment management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.81-99
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  • 49
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    Kenya Disaster Concern - VIRED - UNDP | Nairobi, Kenya
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Wetlands exist in a transitional zone between aquatic and terrestrial environments, and thus can be altered by slight changes in hydrology. Climate Change predictions for the tropics gives mixed results with some areas in East Africa expected to receive below normal rainfall. The semi-arid areas of the Lake Victoria Basin, the floodplains, would be warmer with frequent and prolonged drought events. These changes, however subtle, are likely to affect the functioning of many freshwater wetlands. Potential impacts will range from changes in community structure to changes in ecological function, and from extirpation to enhancement. This will have implications on the well-being of riparian communities who rely on wetlands for the supply of essential goods and services. The important role of wetlands in the global carbon cycle will also be affected; tropical wetlands are able to sequester 80% more carbon than temperate wetlands. Currently, the effects of Climate Change are being felt by residents in the riparian areas. However, the changes have not been investigated to determine the extent to which they might affect the supply of goods and services to people living in the adjacent areas. Mitigation strategies for minimizing the adverse impacts of Climate Change on the wetland ecosystem include reduction of current anthropogenic stresses, active management to preserve wetland hydrology, and a wide range of other management and restoration options. For the dependent communities, existing anomalous mitigation measures need to be enhanced, and planned mitigation mechanisms put in place. Adaptation and coping strategies which are being employed by the people also need to be strengthened. However, appropriate measures cannot be put in place without tangible evidence of the extent and trend of climate related impacts on wetland ecosystem function which affect the flow of goods and services. This chapter gives the perspective of the riparian communities of the Nyando Wetland on the impacts of climatic changes and possible mitigating measures which should be carried out to ensure sustainable management of the wetland resources.
    Description: Nyando Wetland Utility Resource Optimization Project, Ref:- AKEN/05/427
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Resource conservation ; Wetlands ; Climatic changes ; Sustainable management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.100-121
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Lake Kanyaboli and the surrounding Yala swamp wetland has been recognized as an important biodiversity hotspot. Recent population genetic and phylogenetic studies confirm the evolutionary importance of Lake Kanyaboli (Kenya) in preserving the cichlid fish fauna of Lake Victoria. The adjoining Yala swamp harbours the endangered swamp antelope Sitatunga (Tragecephalus spekii) and several papyrus endemic birds. The lake and adjoining swamp play a critical role in the livelihood of the local communities who heavily depend on the wetland resources. Current ongoing large scale land use changes within the swamp threaten the ecological integrity and functioning of this highly dynamic wetland ecosystem. It is therefore imperative that proper management and conservation measures be put in place to protect Lake Kanyaboli and associated Yala swamp wetland. This paper presents a review of the biodiversity of Lake Kanyaboli and the associated wetland and the threats the lake ecosystem faces. Polycultural ‘finger ponds’ aquaculture, tourism and papyrus based industries as well as an all stakeholders driven management plan are suggested as a step towards achieving sustainable management, utilization and conservation of the Lake Kanyaboli ecosystem.
    Description: Published
    Description: Resource management; Environmental effects, Evolution; Protected resources
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Biodiversity ; Resource conservation ; Inland waters ; Ecosystem management ; Ecological crisis ; Tropical environment ; Population genetics ; Phylogenetics ; Lake fisheries ; Freshwater fish ; Aquatic birds ; Land use
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 51
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    IUCN / Wetlands International / World Wide Fund for Nature | Wageningen, Netherlands
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Yala swamp is an extensive wetland in western Kenya, covering an area of 17’500 ha. The wetland, together with its three lakes, is an important site for biodiversity conservation. The local community has been associated with the wetland for a long time, and they obtain key resources from it. To date, however, 2300 ha of the wetland have been reclaimed for agricultural production, and there are fresh proposals for further reclamations. The aims of this paper are to describe the patterns of utilisation of the wetland, including a preliminary economic valuation of the resources, and compare these with the costs and benefits of conversion. Surveys, interviews, and participant observation were used to obtain information. Direct economic values were calculated for fisheries, water transportation, agriculture, building materials, fuelwood, grazing, hunting, mat making, salt licks, and tourism. Indirect values include medicinal plants, vegetables, flood control, and wildlife habitats. The wetland also has existence and option values, which will be lost if the swamp is converted. Comparing these values with the short-term gains, and the cost of conversion, and considering soil degradation and disruption of the socio-cultural situation, it is suggested that the wetland provides valuable economic resources to support the population, and should not be converted. Instead, traditional sustainable uses of the wetland should be promoted for the benefit of the local people.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Swamps ; Economic analysis
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.89-95
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper models the effect of changes in wetlands yields within the freshwater fishery of (the Kenyan segment) of Lake Victoria. Specifically, it models the nutrient retention function of wetlands as a buffer against fertilizer run-off from agriculture, and the impact of nutrient loading on the fishery. Run-off from the watershed is among the major causes of eutrophication in the lake, along with atmospheric deposition and sewage and other organic discharges from domestic and industrial activities. The ecological component of the model captures the interactions between phosphorus loading, wetland area, water quality and fish stocks. Chlorophyll-a concentration is used as a proxy for phytoplankton density, and as a measure of nutrient enrichment. The impact of this on fish stocks is then estimated using using Ecopath. The economic component of the model then evaluates the effect of changes in stocks on performance in the fishery, given the regulatory regime in Kenya. We use the results to obtain an estimate of the value of the nutrient retention function of wetlands on the margins of the lake.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Valuation of ecosystem services ; Ecological-economic interactions ; Fisheries ; Eutrophication ; Fishery resources ; Ecosystems ; Fishery resources ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 302138 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 21
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: The Nairobi River Basin Programme (NRBP) was started with the sponsorship of UNEP, inter alia, in 1999 (UNEP 2002). Phase I constituted a situation assessment of water quality, public awareness, community outreach through pilot income generation projects and capacity building. Phase II of the programme (June 2001 - December 2003) was a pilot initiative, focusing on a tributary of the Nairobi River system - the Motoine/Ngong River. It mainly involved pollution monitoring and assessment of 22 km of the Motoine/Ngong river basin upstream, the dam itself and 25 km downstream to the confluence with the Athi River. The phase also put emphasis on community education and information programmes to enable capacity building amongst key grassroots stake holders. Phase III (October 2004 - September 2008 (IUCN Pers. Comm 2005) is a follow up of the first two phases and has 5 results to be implemented.
    Description: Possible Report title 'The Biological Component of the Nairobi River Basin' 2005.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Water reservoirs ; River basins ; Pollution monitoring ; Pollution surveys
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Not Known
    Format: 67pp.
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Milkfish (Chanos chanos ) have been grown in polyculture with mullets (Mugil cephalus ) in marine coastal ponds to increase productivity by more efficiently utilizing ecological resources within an aquatic environment and reduction of risks. Little attempts have been made to culture the two together in East Africa. The study was aimed at identifying the growth rate of milkfish and mullets during the wet (long rains) and dry seasons (short rains) in Kenya; assess variability in pond water quality during peak spring and neap tides; and, assess milkfish and mullet fingerling occurrence over the year. The culture was done in three earthen ponds (each 0.018ha) constructed in the sandy flat behind the mangrove forest, in Kwetu and Majaoni, Mtwapa creek, and Makongeni, Gazi bay. The first culture cycle was July –December 2005 (dry-short rains) and second culture cycle being March-August 2006 (wet-long rains).
    Description: Obura, D.O., Tamelander, J., & Linden, O. (Eds) (20 08) Ten years after bleaching - facing the conseque nces of climate change in the Indian Ocean.CORDIO Status Report 2008. Coastal Oce ans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean/Si da-SAREC. Mombasa. http//:www.cordioea.org
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Mangroves ; Wetlands ; Polyculture ; Growth rate
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.419-432
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: This study was carried by IUCN-EARP and the LNRA as a joint project on Lake Naivasha, within the framework of the AEWA sub-project on the management of alien invasive weeds for the benefit of migratory waterfowl habitat. The sub project focused on the Lake Naivasha Ramsar Site in Kenya (see figure1), a wetland complex consisting of one main lake, several subsidiary lakes and surrounding wetlands as well as a floodplain and delta of the inflowing Malewa and Gilgil Rivers. This wetland array has a well-known and diverse avian fauna and is an Important Bird Area (Bennun L. & Njoroge P., 1992). The complex is an important site for afro-tropical and palaearctic migrant bird species, but the same site has been affected by invasive waterweeds over the last decades, most of which have been managed in some way by the agency most responsible for the Ramsar site - The Lake Naivasha Riparian Association (LNRA, formerly LNROA). The purpose of the study was to document the current and historical status of invasive aquatic weeds, their management interventions, and their actual or perceived impacts on waterfowl. It also included considerations of local views of the changes that have taken place over the years and which were brought about by invasive aquatic weeds. The specific objectives of the study were to: (1) Assess the present distribution and density of invasive water plants in the Lake Naivasha Ramsar Site - especially water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and water fern (Salvinia molesta). (2) Document historical incidences of aquatic weeds around the lake, their perceived impacts on lake ecology and an account of the management interventions and successes. (3) Document any actual or perceived impacts of the aquatic weeds on the resident and migratory water birds.
    Description: A Case Study of the Attempts to Manage Invasive Weeds in the Lake Naivasha Ramsar Site and Links to Migratory Waterfowl.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Freshwater weeds ; Aquatic plants ; Aquatic birds ; Wetlands ; Inland waters ; Introduced species ; Eichhornia crassipes ; Salvinia molesta
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Not Known
    Format: vi, 68pp.
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Wetlands in most parts of the world are under threat of over-exploitation, loss and/or degradation partly due to agriculture and urban land uses. Yala swamp, the largest fresh water wetland in Kenya measuring about 17,500 ha supports a large biodiversity and is source of livelihoods to communities around it. This study addresses the situation where part of this wetland is converted into large-scale agriculture by a multinational company, Dominion Farms (K) Ltd resulting into a conflict and controversy amongst key stakeholders. The study was undertaken to explore and seek an understanding of the controversy and investigate the livelihood impacts this wetland transformation has for the local community in order to generate relevant data for managing the wetland. This paper gives the status of the wetland using the concepts Stakeholder Analysis (SA) and Sustainable Livelihood Approaches (SLA) to assess the livelihood situation in terms of the socio-economic conditions, rural infrastructure, income diversification, food security and environmental management issues. Data and information have been obtained from primary and secondary sources through field survey in the Yala wetland, in which randomly sampled small-scale farmers, fisher folk, Dominion employees, local leaders and informants, traders and other stakeholders were interviewed using questionnaire and other participatory methods. The main questions were designed to gain information about historical use of the wetland, changes in livelihoods and wetland before and after entry of Dominion Company into the area. From the study, it is evident that assessment of the key stakeholders and their relation to this natural resource is of utmost importance for mapping out an acceptable management strategy for the wetland. Besides being cause to a conflict and controversy over control of and access to the swamp, the conversion of part of this wetland has resulted into both negative and positive short-term and long-term livelihood impacts to the local community. The wetland is a contested resource with multiple users who claim a stake on it requiring a holistic approach to its management that integrates divergent needs and views of key stakeholder groups. Through such a mechanism the planners and policy-makers can identify and fairly address trade-offs therein between large-scale agriculture and sustainable ecosystem utilization, while maintaining the benefit flow to the local community. The study identifies management issues and proposes abroad vision for the future that will help minimize conflicts and food insecurity in the area. General recommendations for planning as well as suggestions for specific research needs that should form the basis of action are given.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Large-scale agriculture ; Livelihoods ; Stakeholder analysis
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 62pp.
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  • 57
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    Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Constructed wetlands are cost-effective, nature oriented alternatives for wastewater treatment that have gained acceptance worldwide. For Kenyan small communities in particular, constructed wetlands offer opportunities for wastewater reuse and resource recovery as well as improvements in local environmental health conditions. These communities generally lack conventional centralized waste water treatment systems. This thesis aims to identify peri- urban and rural areas suitable for the establishment of CW for their use in treatment of grey water in Kenya. Further, it identifies the most suitable constructed wetland type and suggests suitable emergent wetland plants for use in Kenya. Literature research and digital mapping are the proceedings of this thesis. The literature explores case studies and journals investigating constructed wetlands, emergent wetland plants and grey water reuse. Digital mapping on the other hand uses GIS data to delineate areas suitable for constructed wetland establishment in Kenya. This study reveals that large areas in Kenya are suitable for constructed wetland establishment are mostly located around the fertile agricultural areas where most of Kenya‘s population lives. Taking into account the tropical climate of Kenya which is characterized by high temperatures and conducive weather all year round, sub surface flow systems have been identified as the constructed wetlands of choice. Six emergents of the species Typha, Phragmites and Poaceae have been identified as showing high biomass productivity and versatility in utilization options, thus a high potential for waste water treatment At present due to lack of awareness and funding constructed wetlands are not widely used in Kenya especially in small communities. There is a need for further investigation of suitable wetland plants and also raising awareness and financial support for constructed wetland establishment.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Water treatment ; Constructed wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 77pp.
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  • 58
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    Programme de Gestion Intégrée des Ressources Marines et Côtières
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: La RBDS est un site d’importance biologique national, sous régional et mondial tant pour sa végétation, sa grande et moyenne faune, son avifaune, son ichtyofaune. Cette richesse lui confère une importance économique de premier plan (pêche, tourisme, agriculture, petite industrie, etc.). Dans cet article, il est question de faire une description de cet écosystème et de ses enjeux.
    Description: Published
    Description: mangrove, oiseau, zone humide
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Aquatic birds ; Mangroves ; Wetlands ; Aquatic birds ; Mangroves
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Tropical wetlands are known to be very productive, providing water and primary productivity upon which large numbers of plants and animal species depend for survival. In the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB), wetlands are part and parcel of many water bodies where they are hydrologically and ecologically linked through the supply of water, nutrients and organic matter. In the upper reaches of the LVB, many wetlands have been formed by spring water draining into valley bottoms where the gradient is low and hence water accumulates, hence supporting characteristic biota. Other wetlands are formed as a result of shallow water table in depressions, though most of these are seasonal and their area fluctuates depending on the prevailing weather conditions. Other wetlands in the upper reaches have been formed out of damming of streams and rivers for domestic and industrial water supply. In the middle reaches, springs fed wetlands still dominate, with a few riverine wetlands occurring along the edges of the large rivers. In the lower reaches and floodplains, we have seasonal wetlands that form during the rainy season when rivers over-top their banks. Many of the large wetlands in the LVB are found at the river mouths of the major rivers and in the inshore areas of the lake. Examples include the Nyando Wetland, Yala Swamp, Bunyala Wetland, River Mara Swamp, Mosirori Wetland, Osodo Swamp, Ngegu Wetland and Kuja Delta Wetland. Because of their high productivity, these wetlands are threatened by human activities, exacerbated by high human population growth. Changing land use and intensity in the catchments has compromised their integrity, resulting into sedimentation, poor water quality and eutrophication. There is thus a need for awareness creation, adoption of best management practices at the catchment scale and research, especially in socioeconomics, to help avert the negative influences on the wetlands in the LVB.
    Description: Nyando Wetland Utility Resource Optimization Project, Ref:- AKEN/05/427
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Inland waters ; Water reservoirs ; Environment management ; Resource conservation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.1-14
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Nyando Wetland is endowed with rich biological diversity and supports the livelihoods of many people in the Lake Victoria Basin. It provides ecological services (climate modification, water purification, waste water treatment, flood control and water storage and distribution in space and time); direct uses such as water for domestic purposes, livestock watering, source of fish, medicinal plants and animals and various materials. Despite the intricate link between human well-being and wetland functions, the wetlands are threatened by high and increasing population density of both humans and livestock, unsustainable agricultural practices, effects of Climate Change (prolonged droughts and floods), pollution of surface water sources, unpredictable and low rainfall, deforestation, unplanned human settlement, overgrazing, limited access to clean water, poor sanitation, inappropriate and degrading fishing practices, among other factors. Since the livelihoods of the people largely depend on the utilization of wetland resource, it is important to ensure sustainable use of natural capital by striking a balance between its utilization and conservation. The underlying message of this chapter is that long-term human development cannot be achieved without prioritizing environmental conservation and management. It is therefore incumbent upon all Kenyans to value wetlands as the “kidneys of the earth” and support their sustainable use for the benefit of present and future generations. This is especially true for Nyando Wetland resources that are vital to the local and regional socioeconomic development but are easily accessible to the poor. This chapter articulates the socioeconomic, gender and cultural contexts in which the inhabitants of Nyando Wetland operate in meeting their livelihoods. It is organized to include a contextual narrative of the origin of the people of Nyando Wetland, their demographic characteristics and selected social indicators with a focus on implications to sustainable resource management. The interaction of people with resources and the influence of gender and cultural issues to natural resources use are also articulated. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the policy framework for the community based management of Nyando Wetland resources.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Resource conservation ; Resource management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: 32-52
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Nyando Wetland is endowed with rich biological diversity and supports the livelihoods of many people in the Lake Victoria Basin. It provides ecological services (climate modification, water purification, waste water treatment, flood control and water storage and distribution in space and time); direct uses such as water for domestic purposes, livestock watering, source of fish, medicinal plants and animals and various materials. Despite the intricate link between human well-being and wetland functions, the wetlands are threatened by high and increasing population density of both humans and livestock, unsustainable agricultural practices, effects of Climate Change (prolonged droughts and floods), pollution of surface water sources, unpredictable and low rainfall, deforestation, unplanned human settlement, overgrazing, limited access to clean water, poor sanitation, inappropriate and degrading fishing practices, among other factors. Since the livelihoods of the people largely depend on the utilization of wetland resource, it is important to ensure sustainable use of natural capital by striking a balance between its utilization and conservation. The underlying message of this chapter is that long-term human development cannot be achieved without prioritizing environmental conservation and management. It is therefore incumbent upon all Kenyans to value wetlands as the “kidneys of the earth” and support their sustainable use for the benefit of present and future generations. This is especially true for Nyando Wetland resources that are vital to the local and regional socioeconomic development but are easily accessible to the poor. This chapter articulates the socioeconomic, gender and cultural contexts in which the inhabitants of Nyando Wetland operate in meeting their livelihoods. It is organized to include a contextual narrative of the origin of the people of Nyando Wetland, their demographic characteristics and selected social indicators with a focus on implications to sustainable resource management. The interaction of people with resources and the influence of gender and cultural issues to natural resources use are also articulated. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the policy framework for the community based management of Nyando Wetland resources.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Resource management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.32-52
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  • 62
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    Unknown
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: For the purpose of developing coastal aquaculture in Kenya, a detailed survey of the concerned estuarine areas, brackish water lagoons and backwater with their marsh and mud flats should be conducted.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fish culture ; Marine aquaculture ; Brackishwater fish ; Lagoon fisheries ; Wetlands ; Marshes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Not Known
    Format: pp.22-25
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  • 63
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    Centre for Biodiversity, National Museums of Kenya | Nairobi, Kenya
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Biodiversity is the great variety of plant and animal life that interacts with the physical environment. Africa supports an amazingly high biodiversity; parts of southern Africa boast the highest plant species-richness in the world. Biodiversity richness in Africa is exemplified in the varied habitats of the Tana River Delta. The Tana River is the largest river in Kenya with mean annual flow of around 180 m super(3)/s. Its delta begins near Garsen where a series of old river channels fan out in a delta-like shape to reach the coast some 50 km eastward in Ungwana Bay. It is the largest delta in Kenya and covers an area of about 130,000 ha. Encompassing a number of different habitats in contiguity, the Tana River Delta is unique and has a very high biodiversity. It maintains its biodiversity and high levels of productivity in a dynamic balance that revolves around, and is strongly influenced by, the timing, extent and duration of flooding. Vertical and horizontal water circulation transports nutrients, influences a wide variety of habitat types, flushes away wastes, controls salinity, and disperses and nurtures larval stages of aquatic organisms. The Delta's habitats include: coastal waters with coral gardens and seagrass beds, sand-dune forests, mangrove forests, palm forests, riverine and floodplain forests, tidal and freshwater wetlands, and grassland and bushland associations. These diverse habitats maintain vast numbers of wild herbivores, nesting sites for endangered marine turtles and habitat for dugongs, while the riverine forests support two endemic and endangered subspecies of primates: the Tana River Red colobus and the Tana River crested mangabey. Traditional land use practices of small-scale agriculture, pastoralism and fishing have maintained the ecological balance of the Tana Delta for thousand of years. Because biodiversity is so closely intertwined with human needs, its conservation should be rightly be considered an element of national, ecological security. This is now threatened by ill-conceived and unsustainable development projects in the upper catchment and at the delta.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Resource management ; Recreation ; Turtle fisheries ; Resource conservation ; Mangrove swamps ; Biodiversity ; Wetlands ; Deltas
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.301-308
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  • 64
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    IUCN / Wetlands International / World Wide Fund for Nature | Wageningen, Netherlands
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Saiwa wetlands are located in the Trans-Nzoia District in the Western part of Kenya. Part of these wetlands form Saiwa National Park (SNP), which is the smallest park in Kenya, with an area of 3.1 km2. The wetlands host important biodiversity, but are threatened by intensive agriculture carried out in the catchment area. Threats include inputs of agricultural chemicals transported by runoff from the adjoining farms, and encroachment by farmers neighbouring the wetlands. The major impacts of these changes include the erosion of the banks of the two rivers (Sinyerere and Kapenguria) that feed into the wetlands, and the succession of the native Typha vegetation by elephant grass. WWF - WorldWide Fund for Nature initiated the Community Based Wetlands Conservation Project to work on mitigating these problems in the Saiwa wetlands. The project used a combination of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), ecological management principles, and economic tools to help promote a sustainable land use system for the Saiwa wetlands. A soil conservation scheme was implemented in Kipsoen. With technical support and training, the community elected a Catchment Committee, responsible for advising and ensuring progress on the soil conservation schemes. The aim of the scheme is to benefit both the people – through alternative land use practises – and biodiversity, by reducing chemical loading of the wetlands, thus improving habitat. This paper examines the main issues in the resolution of resource use conflicts, and the management of the wetlands. The case of the Saiwa wetlands points to a win-win comanagement scenario, where both people and nature benefit.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Land use ; Biodiversity ; Agriculture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.97-100
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Constructed wetlands are man-made ecosystems, which are specially designed for treatment of wastewater and non-point source pollution. Constructed wetland technology is gaining popularity due to its economically and environmentally sound attributes as a wastewater management option. Freshwater lakes in Kenya are under threat from degradation as human populations in the catchment areas increase, demands for natural resource extraction grow and urbanization and industrialization intensify. Consequently, there is increased surface runoff, causing sedimentation and eutrophication and ultimately deterioration of water quality, habitats and biodiversity. This trend requires integrated and sustainable water resource management strategies. Strategies for integrated and sustainable lake catchment management should target alternatives that are attractive to communities and other stakeholders in a lake basin. However, in developing countries like Kenya, innovative technologies like constructed wetlands have not been widely adopted for wastewater improvement. Although substantial progress has been made in the provision of services including collection, treatment and disposal of wastewater, much still remains to be done to ensure sustainable wastewater management within lake catchments. This paper presents a synthesis of the potential and challenges with respect to two case studies in Lake catchments: The Splash and Chemelil constructed wetlands. An attempt is made to explore their design, performance and limitations to their use in sustainable management of lake catchments. A number of challenges are threatening sustainable lake catchments management goals achievable through wastewater management and pollution control using constructed wetlands. Such challenges, which include lack of awareness, legislation, financial, technical and institutional resources as well as the poor understanding of constructed wetland potential, may limit the potential use of constructed wetlands for sustainable lake catchment management. There is also lack of crucial data and information about the state of constructed wetlands in Kenya. The paper presents recommendations for wider adoption of constructed wetlands use in Kenya.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Waste water ; Resource conservation ; Resource management ; Resource conservation ; Waste water ; Wetlands ; Catchment area ; Resource conservation ; Environment management ; Resource management ; Resource conservation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Studies on the ecology of Lake Sare (Kenya) were carried out to provide baseline information on the ecological conditions before a major wetland reclamation project was started upstream of the lake. Results indicated that maximum depth had decreased by 0.9 m while Secchi depth readings had decreased by 0.1 m compared to historical values. This implies that the lake was undergoing siltation. pH values had increased from 6.80 to 7.58 reflecting increased primary production. Conductivity had increased from 106 – 137 2 ~kS/cm. NO3- N and PO4-P had significantly increased from 0.8~kg N l-1 and 0.14 ~kg P l-1 to 23.90.8~kg N l-1 and 34.80.8~kg P l-1 respectively while chlorophyll a values reached 34.8 ~kgl-1. The macrophyte environment was dominated by Cyperus papyrus, Eichhornia crassipes, Phragmites australis, Cyperus papyrus, Eichhornia crassipes, Phragmites australis. The invasion of the lake by Eichhornia crassipes is reported here for the first time. The study further observed macrophyte succession where the floating plants Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes were gradually giving way to Vossia cuspidata in the Sare lagoon. The phytoplankton community was dominated by Pediastrum sp., Pseudoanabaena, Synedra sp. and Cyclindospermopsis sp. Cyclindospermopsis sp. has the potential to secrete a toxin Cylindropermopsin which can affects the liver and to some extent the kidney. Zooplankton communities encountered were from the Copepoda, Cladocera and Rotifera genera. The fish community was dominated by Lates niloticus and Haplochromine sp which coexist in this ecosystem. Lake Sare is a high priority ecological site for conservation and management of the resources of Lake Victoria basin. It has direct link with Lake Victoria. Fish populations stocked in the Lake Sare are likely to find their way to Lake Victoria. In view of this the lake can be used as a launch site for restocking Lake Victoria with juveniles of endangered fish species.
    Description: Published
    Description: Reclamation; Wetlands; Introduced species; Ecosystem management; Resource conservation; Resource management; Rare species; Inland waters; Water bodies; Water reservoirs; Freshwater lakes; Zooplankton; Aquatic plants; Freshwater weeds; Phytoplankton; Baseline studies; Ecological distribution
    Keywords: Aquatic ecology ; Wetlands ; Lakes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Wetlands are highly productive ecosystems. Their values and functions support other ecosystems and are significant to economic development. They once covered large areas of the world and are now among the rarest and most at-risk ecosystems. They are highly valued for their recreational, educational, scientific, aesthetic, spiritual and cultural values; and form an important component of lakes that provide critical functions influencing lake ecological functions. Despite the important roles in sustaining vibrant lake ecology, supporting economic development and elevating poverty, almost all wetlands in the world are threatened by diverse human induced factors. Lake Jipe striding across the Kenya-Tanzania international boundary is an important ecosystem to both countries. It provides habitats for various biotic communities, regulates hydrology, stores and purifies water and has significant economic benefit to the local communities in the lakes' environment. The lakes’ wetlands stabilize the shoreline, provide habitats for the Lake Fisheries, and remove sediments, nutrients and pollutants. This paper reviews Lake Jipe and associated wetlands values, threats, policy effectiveness in Lake management and community involvement in the management and conservation of a cross border lake. The study show that lack of integration in planning, natural resource use in the Lake Catchment, weak policy enforcement and destruction of wetlands around the lake has lead to loss of biodiversity, increased siltation and diversion of the feeder River Lumi. Associated impacts of this diversion include change in the Lake water quality, decline in fisheries, poverty prevalence and migration of the local fishing community. This paper recommends institutionalization of integrated lake management taking into cognizance integrated land use, sustainable resource use, river basin management and community involvement that focus on sustainable livelihoods.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ecosystem management ; Wetlands ; Land use ; Man-induced effects ; Economic benefits ; Resource management ; Policies ; Environment management ; Resource conservation ; Inland waters ; Water reservoirs ; Freshwater lakes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Lake Kanyaboli and the surrounding Yala Swamp wetland have been recognized as an important biodiversity hotspot. Recent population, genetic and phylogenetic studies confirm the evolutionary importance of Lake Kanyaboli in preserving the cichlid fish fauna of Lake Victoria. The adjoining Yala Swamp harbours the endangered swamp antelope Sitatunga (Tragecephalus spekii) and several papyrus endemic birds. The lake and adjoining swamp play a critical role in the livelihood of the local communities who heavily depend on the wetland resources. Current ongoing large scale land use and changes within the swamp threaten the ecological integrity and functioning of this highly dynamic wetland ecosystem. It is therefore imperative that proper management and conservation measures are put in place to protect Lake Kanyaboli and the associated Yala Swamp. This paper presents a review of the biodiversity of Lake Kanyaboli and the associated wetland and the threats this ecosystem has to face. Polycultural finger-ponds aquaculture (see Figure 3), tourism and papyrus based industries as well as an all-stakeholders-driven management plan are suggested as a step towards achieving sustainable management, utilization and conservation of the Lake Kanyaboli ecosystem.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Lake management ; Lake Kanyaboli ; Land use ; Yala Swamp ; Lakes ; Biodiversity ; Lake ecology ; Resource management ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 69
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    Programme de Gestion Intégrée des Ressources Marines et Côtières, Dakar (Sénégal)
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Published
    Description: aire protégé, zone humide, biodiversité
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Biodiversity ; Biodiversity ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 70
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9081 | 115 | 2012-11-26 08:39:12 | 9081 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: The freshwater wetlands (beels) of Assam, India, cover an area of 101 232 ha. For the rural poor, the neighboring wetlands are the only source of fish. They depend on them for their daily consumption of fish as well as a source of livelihood. Ecoenergy studies indicate that these wetlands have a fairly high production potential. However, the current regulations and system of management are not conducive to sustainable production from these water bodies. It is resulting in overexploitation and degradation. It is imperative some form of co-management with local communities be established for the beels of Assam.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Wetlands ; Community involvement ; India ; Assam
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    Type: article
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    Format: application/pdf
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    CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15593 | 115 | 2014-11-19 08:26:29 | 15593 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Small indigenous fish species (SIS) are an important source of essential macro- and micronutrients that can play an important role in the elimination of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies in the populations of many South and Southeast Asian countries. Of the 260 freshwater fish species in Bangladesh, more than 140 are classified as SIS and are an integral part of the rural Bangladeshi diet. As many SIS are eaten whole, with organs and bones, they contain high amounts of vitamins and minerals, including calcium, and iron and zinc. Some SIS, such as mola, are also rich in vitamin A. SIS are often cooked with vegetables and a little oil, so they contribute to the food diversity of the rural poor.SIS are recognized as a major animal-source food group, contributing to improved food and nutrition security and livelihoods of the people of South and Southeast Asia. The purpose of this workshop is to bring together policy makers, extension agents, researchers, non-governmental and development organizations to share knowledge about small fish, their contribution to better nutrition, production technologies, and strategies for wider dissemination of pond culture and wetland based-production and conservation technologies. The workshop is expected to generate ideas for further research and development of sustainable technologies for production, management and conservation of SIS for the benefit of the people of Bangladesh as well as the South and Southeast Asian region.
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Aquaculture ; Conservation ; Food security ; Health ; Livelihoods ; Mola ; Nutrition ; Policy ; Small-scale aquaculture ; Small-scale fisheries ; Wetlands ; Asia ; Bangladesh
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Annual Reviews, 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Annual Reviews for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 36 (2008): 601-647, doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.35.031306.140139.
    Description: Recent estimates by Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change (2007) are that global sea level will rise from 0.18 to 0.59 m by the end of this century. Rising sea level not only inundates low-lying coastal regions, but it also contributes to the redistribution of sediment along sandy coasts. Over the long-term, sea-level rise (SLR) causes barrier islands to migrate landward while conserving mass through offshore and onshore sediment transport. Under these conditions, coastal systems adjust to SLR dynamically while maintaining a characteristic geometry that is unique to a particular coast. Coastal marshes are susceptible to accelerated SLR because their vertical accretion rates are limited and they may drown. As marshes convert to open water, tidal exchange through inlets increases, which leads to sand sequestration on tidal deltas and erosion of adjacent barrier shorelines.
    Keywords: Barrier islands ; Tidal inlets ; Salt marsh ; Wetlands ; Inundation ; Estuaries ; Equilibrium slope
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2012. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Estuaries and Coasts 35 (2012): 1036-1048, doi:10.1007/s12237-012-9501-3.
    Description: We used high-resolution in situ measurements of turbidity and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) to quantitatively estimate the tidally driven exchange of mercury (Hg) between the waters of the San Francisco estuary and Browns Island, a tidal wetland. Turbidity and FDOM—representative of particle-associated and filter-passing Hg, respectively—together predicted 94 % of the observed variability in measured total mercury concentration in unfiltered water samples (UTHg) collected during a single tidal cycle in spring, fall, and winter, 2005–2006. Continuous in situ turbidity and FDOM data spanning at least a full spring-neap period were used to generate UTHg concentration time series using this relationship, and then combined with water discharge measurements to calculate Hg fluxes in each season. Wetlands are generally considered to be sinks for sediment and associated mercury. However, during the three periods of monitoring, Browns Island wetland did not appreciably accumulate Hg. Instead, gradual tidally driven export of UTHg from the wetland offset the large episodic on-island fluxes associated with high wind events. Exports were highest during large spring tides, when ebbing waters relatively enriched in FDOM, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and filter-passing mercury drained from the marsh into the open waters of the estuary. On-island flux of UTHg, which was largely particle-associated, was highest during strong winds coincident with flood tides. Our results demonstrate that processes driving UTHg fluxes in tidal wetlands encompass both the dissolved and particulate phases and multiple timescales, necessitating longer term monitoring to adequately quantify fluxes.
    Description: This work was supported by funding from the California Bay Delta Authority Ecosystem Restoration and Drinking Water Programs (grant ERP-00- G01) and matching funds from the United States Geological Survey Cooperative Research Program.
    Keywords: Mercury ; Tidal wetlands ; San Francisco Bay ; Sacramento River ; Delta ; Mercury flux ; Sediment flux ; Rivers ; Wetlands ; Estuaries ; Wetland restoration
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Marine Chemistry 206 (2018): 7-18, doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2018.08.005.
    Description: The lateral export of carbon from coastal marshes via tidal exchange is a key component of the marsh carbon budget and coastal carbon cycles. However, the magnitude of this export has been difficult to accurately quantify due to complex tidal dynamics and seasonal cycling of carbon. In this study, we use in situ, high-frequency measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and water fluxes to estimate lateral DIC fluxes from a U.S. northeastern salt marsh. DIC was measured by a CHANnelized Optical Sensor (CHANOS) that provided an in situ concentration measurement at 15-min intervals, during periods in summer (July – August) and late fall (December). Seasonal changes in the marsh had strong effects on DIC concentrations, while tidally-driven water fluxes were the fundamental vehicle of marsh carbon export. Episodic events, such as groundwater discharge and mean sea water level changes, can impact DIC flux through altered DIC concentrations and water flow. Variability between individual tides within each season was comparable to mean variability between the two seasons. Estimated mean DIC fluxes based on a multiple linear regression (MLR) model of DIC concentrations and high-frequency water fluxes agreed reasonably well with those derived from CHANOS DIC measurements for both study periods, indicating that high-frequency, modeled DIC concentrations, coupled with continuous water flux measurements and a hydrodynamic model, provide a robust estimate of DIC flux. Additionally, an analysis of sampling strategies revealed that DIC fluxes calculated using conventional sampling frequencies (hourly to two-hourly) of a single tidal cycle are unlikely to capture a representative mean DIC flux compared to longer-term measurements across multiple tidal cycles with sampling frequency on the order of tens of minutes. This results from a disproportionately large amount of the net DIC flux occurring over a small number of tidal cycles, while most tides have a near-zero DIC export. Thus, high-frequency measurements (on the order of tens of minutes or better) over the time period of interest are necessary to accurately quantify tidal exports of carbon species from salt marshes.
    Description: This work was funded by NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program, NSF Ocean Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship (OCE-1323728), Link FoundationOcean Engineering and Instrumentation Fellowship, National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST no. 60NANB10D024), the USGS LandCarbon and Coastal & Marine Geology Programs, NSF Chemical Oceanography Program (OCE-1459521), NSF Ocean Technology and Interdisciplinary Coordination program (OCE-1233654) and NOAA Science Collaborative (NA09NOS4190153).
    Keywords: Dissolved inorganic carbon ; Carbon export ; Salt marshes ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 75
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23690 | 18721 | 2018-07-18 07:20:16 | 23690 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The Guilan province in the north of Iran has witnessed a rapid industrial development in recent years causing pollution of water resources in rivers, wetlands and the Caspian Sea coastal areas. We studied the acute toxicity of Copper and Lead in kutum fingerlings through acute toxicity and M.A.C value determination in summer and autumn 2006. A total of 21 aquariums with a capacity of 30 liters each stocked with 10 fingerlings were used in our experiments with the two metals. Six aquaria and six concentrations of Cu and Pb composed the 18 treatments while 3 other aquaria were used as control. For each treatment, three replications were conducted. The relevant physical and chemical parameters of water during the experiments were measured including pH which was in the range 7-7.5, DH=200-250mg/l (CaCO _3), DO= 80% and temperature which was recorded as 24 plus or minus 1°C. Fish investigations were conducted in 24 hour intervals. The results indicated that the lethal concentration (LC sub(50)96h) for Copper and Lead are 1.92mg/l and 252.12mg/l respectively and M.A.C. value for Copper and Lead are 0.192mg/l and 25.212mg/l respectively in the Caspian Sea kutum. Hence, we conclude that Copper is more toxic than Lead for the fish.
    Keywords: Biology ; Pollution ; Bioaccumulation ; Lethal effects ; Lethal limits ; Replication ; Heavy metals ; Fingerlings ; Water resources ; Toxicity ; Copper ; Freshwater fish ; Lead ; Wetlands ; Rutilus frisii ; Brackish ; Caspian Sea ; ISW ; Caspian Sea Eurasia ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21770 | 18721 | 2017-11-30 07:25:30 | 21770 | University of Guilan, Faculty of Natural Resources, Iran
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: In this study, heavy metals such as Al, Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb etc. content in liver, muscle and gill of three economical marine species [striped seabream (Lithognathus mormyrus Linneaus, 1758), two-band bream (Diplodus vulgaris Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) and Common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus Linneaus, 1758)] obtained from 4 stations (Fethiye, Bodrum, Datça, Marmaris) in South Aegean coast were analyzed. After tissues were mineralized with wet-ashing, their heavy metal concentrations were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). According to the findings, sediment samples had more heavy metals than water samples and none of heavy metal concentrations in the water samples exceeded national legal limits. Furthermore it was reported that the accumulation of heavy metal in liver and gill was the highest whereas in muscle the proportion was the lowest. Results showed that the mean concentration of the studied heavy metals in muscle tissues did not pose a risk in terms of public health in comparison with the international standards.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Pollution ; determination ; heavy metal ; commercial ; marine fish ; potential risk ; public health ; sediment ; water ; common pandora ; two-band Bream ; striped seabream
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  • 77
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21710 | 18721 | 2017-11-27 14:05:19 | 21710 | University of Guilan, Faculty of Natural Resources, Iran
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Concentration levels of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) consisting of naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorine, phenantherene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene and benzo(g,h,i)perylene were measured in water and sediment samples collected from the southern Caspian Sea coasts at four stations of Noshahr, Freydoonkenar, Sari and Amirabad during autumn, winter and spring of 2005-2006. Also, tissue samples from five sturgeon species including stellate sturgeon, Persian sturgeon, beluga, Russian sturgeon and ship sturgeon were obtained. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography after the extraction process and the obtained data were statistically analyzed using One-Way ANOVA analysis at confidence level 95%. The mean concentrations of PAHs in water and sediment samples were 0.004-2.946 mgl-1 and 0.024- 2.336 µg g-1, respectively. No significant difference was found in the mean concentrations of PAHs among stations and seasons of the examined samples. Also, mean concentration of PAHs in the liver, muscles,gills, kidney and gonads of five sturgeon species was 0.81-1.34 µgg-1. The results of this study show that the levels of PAHs in water, sediment and sturgeon organs were below the acceptable levels of PAHs proposed by USEPA and WHO.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; determination ; polycyclic ; aromatic ; hydrocarbons ; PAHs ; water ; sediment ; tissues ; sturgeon ; species ; Caspian Sea ; Iran ; naphthalene ; acenaphthylene ; acenaphthene ; fluorine ; phenantherene ; anthracene ; fluoranthene ; pyrene ; benzo ; anthracene ; chrysene ; benzo ; fluoranthene ; benzo ; fluoranthene
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    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23400 | 19325 | 2018-04-12 08:49:57 | 23400 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Field identification of Typha species in Hadeja Gashua Nguru wetlands Nigeria between January/June 2008. and July/October 2008. The study was conducted at Gashua Nguru wetland (Yobe and Jigawa states), Nigeria. The three sampling stations were established. Aquatic Plant Control information system Table (1996), for identify the species of Typha species was used, in three sampling station. Two Typha species were identified T. latifolia and T. angustifolia. Data analysis showed that, there was significant difference between T. latifolia and T. angustifolia (P〈0.05).
    Description: Includes:- 1 table.;2 figs.;2 plates.;11 refs.
    Keywords: Biology ; Typha latifolia ; Typha angustifolia ; Nigeria ; Wetlands ; freshwater environment ; Identification ; Identification keys ; Aquatic plants
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    In:  pjms_ku@yahoo.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26603 | 25017 | 2019-06-04 06:54:17 | 26603 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: In the current work, the levels of mercury, cadmium, lead, copper and zinc have been determined in Ophelia bicornis and in sediments collected seasonally from the Sinop coast of the southern Black Sea in 2015. Hg and Pb levels were usually greater in sediment than those in worms. Cd, Cu and Zn levels, however, were higher in the worm samples. Zn had the maximum concentration factor average and Pb displayed the minimum concentration factor value. It may be turned out that O. bicornis has capability to accumulate the heavy metals from the marine ecosystem and it will be used as a bio-monitor species for Cd, Cu and Zn in the Black Sea.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ophelia bicornis ; heavy metals ; sediment ; concentration factor ; the Black Sea.
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    WorldFish | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24852 | 115 | 2018-06-03 09:03:36 | 24852 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Inland valley swamps (IVSs) form part of the upland-inland valley continuum in Sierra Leone, occupying the lowest position in the landscape. This study aimed to analyze the actual use, constraints on the use and the agro-potential of IVS in Tonkolili District. Through interviews and limited field testing, it was possible to obtain detailed information regarding socioeconomic aspects and food production systems, as well as a rough assessment of physical properties such as soil quality and inundation period for each targeted IVS in all 11 chiefdoms in the district. The report concludes with several recommendations for interventions to optimize the use of IVSs in Tonkolili District to enhance food production, nutrition and income.
    Description: USAID
    Description: Feed the Future
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Aquaculture ; Wetlands ; Small-scale aquaculture ; Small-scale farmers ; Household surveys ; Rice ; West Africa ; West Africa ; Sierra Leone
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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    Programme Gestion Intégrée des Ressources Marines et Côtières, Dakar (Senegal)
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A l'heure actuelle, de multiples problémes et défis s'opposent à une egstion durable de l'environnement et des ressources naturelles au Snéégal (PNUE/PAM/PAP, 1991) tant le comportement et l'action de l'homme ont complétement rompu les équilibres écologiques au risque de menacer à terme la viabilité des systèmes de productions et des modes de vie (Adrian, 2000). Il est alors de raison de vouloir changer de cap pour l'amélioration de l'environnement, la lutte contre la pauvreté et ldéveloppement durable.
    Description: Published
    Description: zone humide, ressource naturelle, gestion durable, écologie, environnement
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Natural resources ; Natural resources ; Inland water environment ; Freshwater ecology ; Resource management ; Wetlands ; Natural resources ; Inland water environment ; Freshwater ecology ; Resource management ; Natural resources
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The coastal area of Tanzania (Fig. 1) encompasses a number of habitats that include coral reefs, mangroves, seagrass beds, sand banks, wetlands and beaches, among others. In addition to being essential linkages in the overall functioning of the coastal area, these coastal habitats support various resources both living and non-living. In addition, for generations the coastal area has provided life support to coastal communities where such activities as fisheries and related activities have played an important role in the social and economic development of local communities. In recent years, coastal tourism and mariculture have immerged as being potentially among most important economic activities nationally. The well being of these habitats and resources and the various activities taking place within or near coastal waters depend, to a large extent, on good water quality. However, expanding coastal populations and emerging industrial a
    Keywords: Coral reefs ; Mangroves ; Seagrass ; Wetlands ; Beaches ; Water quality ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Preprint
    Format: 74825 bytes
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  • 83
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    Florida Geological Survey | Tallahassee, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1481 | 3 | 2011-09-29 20:30:18 | 1481 | Florida Geological Survey
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: (PDF contains 16 pages.)
    Keywords: Limnology ; Earth Sciences ; Wetlands ; Coastal marshes ; Florida
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 84
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    California Department of Fish and Game | Sacramento, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2845 | 8 | 2011-09-29 18:14:52 | 2845 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Sediment sampling was used to evaluate chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) spawning habitat quality in the South Fork Trinity River (SFTR) basin. Sediment samples were collected using a McNeil-type sampler and wet sieved through a series of Tyler screens (25.00 mm, 12.50 mm, 6.30 mm, 3.35 mm, 1.00 mm, and 0.85 mm). Fines (particles 〈 0.85 mm) were determined after a l0-minute settling period in Imhoff cones. Thirteen stations were sampled in the SFTR basin: five stations were located in mainstem SFTR between rk 2.1 and 118.5, 2 stations each were located in EF of the SFTR, Grouse Creek, and Madden Creek, and one station each was located in Eltapom and Hayfork Creeks. Sample means for fines(particles 〈 0.85 mm) fer SFTR stations ranged between14.4 and 19.4%; tributary station sample mean fines ranged between 3.4 and 19.4%. Decreased egg survival would be expected at 4 of 5 mainstem SFTR stations and at one station in EF of SFTR and Grouse Creek where fines content exceed 15%. Small gravel/sand content measured at all stations were high, and exceed levels associated with reduced sac fry emergence rates. Reduction of egg survival or sac fry emergence due to sedimentation in spawning gravels could lead to reduced juvenile production from the South Fork Trinity River.(PDF contains 18 pages.)
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Earth Sciences ; sediment ; habitat ; chinook salmon ; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ; steelhead ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; South Fork Trinity River Basin ; Grouse Creek ; Madden Creek ; Eltapom Creek ; Hayfork Creek
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2840 | 130 | 2013-11-05 00:16:29 | 2840 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Sediments are an important location in determining the fate of nutrients entering the estuary. Role of sediments needs to be incorporated into water quality models. Purpose of this study was to estimate the portion of sediment oxygen consumption (SOC) and sediment ammonium (NH4+) release directly attributable to benthic invertebrates via the respiratory use of oxygen and catabolic release of ammonium.Samples were collected at 8 locations from August 1985 through November 1988. (PDF contains 45 pages)
    Description: United States Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experimental Station
    Description: University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Keywords: Ecology ; Chemistry ; Environment ; macrobenthos ; sediment ; oxygen ; Ammonium ; Fluxes ; respiration rates ; bivalve ; algorithms ; nitrogen excretion rates ; benthic ; macroinvertebrate ; Chesapeake Bay ; nutrients ; phytoplankton
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 86
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9156 | 115 | 2012-11-27 15:24:50 | 9156 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: A study was conducted in 54 wetlands of 13 districts of Assam, India to evaluate the causes of fish depletion. Twenty-two variables were considered for the study. Seven factors were extracted through factor analysis (Principal Component Analysis) based on Eigen Value Criteria of more than one. These seven factors together accounted for 69.3% of the total variance. Based on the characteristics of the variables, all the factors were given descriptive names. These variables can be used to measure the extent of management deficiency of the causes of fish depletion in the wetlands. The factors are management deficiency, organic load interference, catchment condition, extrinsic influence, fishermen’s ignorance, external environment and aquaculture program. Management deficiency accounted for a substantial portion of the total variance.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Inland fisheries ; Depleted stocks ; Overfishing ; Flood plains ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 37-42
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  • 87
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9203 | 115 | 2012-11-29 08:15:50 | 9203 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: The paper describes the wide range of traditional fishing gear used by subsistence and professional fishers in the inland waters in Bangladesh as well as their impact on the fisheries and the environment. The negative impacts indicate the need for regulation of specific types of fishing gear at particular times of the year. An awareness/training program should be extended to the fishermen to create awareness of the long-term effects of their fishing practices and to impart knowledge of fishing laws.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Inland fisheries ; Fishing gear ; Gear selectivity ; Gear research ; Flood plains ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 43-48
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  • 88
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9543 | 115 | 2012-10-09 06:56:19 | 9543 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The Lower Mekong Basin has extensive wetlands and these are being threatened by numerous problems. Most of these problems are interdependent and interact with one another. The lack of an appropriate definition of wetlands applicable to the region, pervasive inefficiencies and chronic lack of funds among riparian governments, and the poor appreciation of the true economic importance of wetlands and its resources are among the most prominent. The current definition, based on the Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971), is too broad when compared to the understanding of wetlands as being swamps, marshes and the like, and was developed specifically for wetlands with international importance as waterfowl habitats. Furthermore, wetlands are composed of different types of resources, which require different modes of management. Often, institutional competition, overlapping mandates and sometimes jealousies occur between government departments when they try to assert their authority on a particular wetland resource and use, and put forward their development plans without considering how these may conflict with other wetlands uses. Finally, effective wetland management requires reliable statistics or information on rate of harvest of natural resources such as fish and others, fishing/harvesting methods over time in order to determine the level of exploitation, and the status of the natural resources. This information is needed to identify opportunities for expansion, to establish historical trends, and to determine when management interventions are necessary to protect the resources from being overused by other developments. In order to address these issues, ICLARM - The World Fish Center has launched a project, the aim of objectives of which are described in this paper.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Wetlands ; Resource management ; Economic analysis ; River basins ; Mekong
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 89
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/17705 | 17342 | 2015-09-15 09:34:44 | 17705 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: The distribution of mercury in water, sediment and some biological samples of the Rushikulya estuary, east coast of India were assessed during Jan-Dec. 1989. Both the dissolved plus acid leachable mercury contents in water and the sediment mercury discerned conspicuous spatial and seasonal fluctuations. Adsorption on to the suspended particulates was found to be the most likely mechanism for removal of mercury from the water column. Exchange of mercury from sediments to water was observed at high salinities (20-30x10-3). The residual mercury contents in the biological samples revealed that bio-accumulation by bottom-dwelling organisms are higher than the pelagic components.
    Keywords: Environment ; Limnology ; Pollution ; mercury contamination ; water ; sediment ; biotic samples
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 115 (2010): G00H02, doi:10.1029/2009JG001215.
    Description: Experimental manipulations provide a powerful tool for understanding an ecosystem's response to environmental perturbation. We combined paired eddy covariance towers with an experimental manipulation of water availability to determine the response of marsh carbon balance to drought. We monitored the Net Ecosystem Exchange of CO2 (NEE) in two ponds from 2004 to 2009 at the San Joaquin Freshwater Marsh (SJFM), and subjected one of the ponds to a yearlong drought treatment in 2007. The two ponds experienced similar flooding and environmental regimes before and after the drought, ensuring that differences between ponds were largely attributable to the 2007 drought. Drought substantially reduced surface greenness, as measured by the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and photosynthetic carbon sequestration, primarily by inhibiting leaf area development. Respiratory carbon losses were less influenced by drought than photosynthetic carbon gains. The effect of the drought lasted several years, with delayed leaf area development and peak carbon uptake rates during the subsequent year, and reduced leaf area for a couple of years. The combined effect of the drought and legacy effects created an overall loss of carbon that was equivalent to 4 years of the maximum annual carbon sequestration observed over a decade. Our results indicate that drought can have long-term impacts on ecosystem carbon balance and that future projected drought increases in Southern California will have a negative impact on marsh carbon sequestration.
    Keywords: Wetlands ; NEE ; Phenology ; Disturbance legacies ; Drought
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 91
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-28
    Description: This study was conducted in adjacent ponds from three major rivers in the upper Paraná River floodplain in order to verify the influence of connectivity on the spatial variability of anuran assemblages. We sampled three permanently connected ponds and three seasonally connected ponds to rivers Ivinhema, Bahia and Paraná, where transects were done through 1 hour transects to identify and count amphibians in calling activity. We used a multivariate method of beta diversity to test the spatial variability of the assemblages of amphibians. Were found 24 species distributed in five families: Bufonidae (1); Hylidae (13); Leuiperidae (3); Leptodactylidae (6) and Microhylidae (1). There was a difference in species richness and abundance both between lakes with and without connection with rivers and among the river systems. The difference between the spatial variability of assemblages was significant, so that lakes permanently connected with the rivers have greater variability in relation to seasonally connected lagoons. Thus, this study suggests that the connectivity of the lakes with the rivers appears to be a characteristic that influences the occurrence of amphibians.
    Description: Esse estudo foi conduzido em lagoas adjacentes a três grandes rios da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná com objetivo de verificar a influência da conectividade na variabilidade espacial das assembléias de anuros. Foram amostradas três lagoas permanentemente conectadas e três sazonalmente conectadas aos rios Ivinhema, Baía e Paraná, onde foram realizados transectos de 1h de usando um caíque para identificar e contar anfíbios em atividade de vocalização. Utilizou-se um método multivariado de diversidade beta para testar a variabilidade espacial das assembléias de anfíbios. Encontrou-se 24 espécies distribuídas por 5 famílias: Bufonidae (1); Hylidae (13); Leuiperidae (3); Leptodactylidae (6) e Microhylidae (1). Foi observada diferença na riqueza e abundância de espécies tanto entre lagoas com e sem conexão com rios quanto entre os sistemas fluviais. A diferença entre a variabilidade espacial das assembléias de anuros foi significativa, de modo que lagoas conectadas permanentemente com os rios apresentam maior variabilidade em relação a lagoas sazonalmente conectadas. Desta forma, este estudo sugere que a conectividade das lagoas com os rios parece ser uma característica que influencia a ocorrência de anfíbios anuros.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Frogs ; Ciências Ambientais ; Connectivity ; Variability ; Tropical region ; Brazil ; Conectividade ; Variabilidade ; Região tropical ; Áreas alagáveis ; Anfíbios anuros (Amphibia) "sapos" ; Sapos ; Distribuição ; Brasil ; Paraná, Rio, Bacia ; Wetlands ; Comunidades, Ecologia de
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 35pp.
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2022-10-18
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Tamborski, J., Cai, P., Eagle, M., Henderson, P., & Charette, M. Revisiting 228Th as a tool for determining sedimentation and mass accumulation rates. Chemical Geology, 607, (2022): 121006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121006.
    Description: The use of 228Th has seen limited application for determining sedimentation and mass accumulation rates in coastal and marine environments. Recent analytical advances have enabled rapid, precise measurements of particle-bound 228Th using a radium delayed coincidence counting system (RaDeCC). Herein we review the 228Th cycle in the marine environment and revisit the historical use of 228Th as a tracer for determining sediment vertical accretion and mass accumulation rates in light of new measurement techniques. Case studies comparing accumulation rates from 228Th and 210Pb are presented for a micro-tidal salt marsh and a marginal sea environment. 228Th and 210Pb have been previously measured in mangrove, deltaic, continental shelf and ocean basin environments, and a literature synthesis reveals that 228Th (measured via alpha or gamma spectrometry) derived accumulation rates are generally equal to or greater than estimates derived from 210Pb, reflecting different integration periods. Use of 228Th is well-suited for shallow (〈15 cm) cores over decadal timescales. Application is limited to relatively homogenous sediment profiles with minor variations in grain size and minimal bioturbation. When appropriate conditions are met, complimentary use of 228Th and 210Pb can demonstrate that the upper layers of a core are undisturbed and can improve spatial coverage in mapping accumulation rates due to the higher sample throughput for sediment 228Th.
    Description: This research was undertaken thanks in part to funding from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund, through the Ocean Frontier Institute. This project was supported by U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. PC acknowledges the support of the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) through Grants No. 92058205.
    Keywords: Sedimentation ; Mass accumulation ; Thorium isotopes ; Lead-210 ; Wetlands ; Sea level rise
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 93
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-12
    Description: The floodplain in the upper Parana River can be characterized as a complex landscape influenced by different water systems which interconnect and interact resulting large changes in aquatic macrophyte assemblages. Attributes functional these assemblage are influenced by unidirectional lateral fluxes, as well as dispersion from diaspores by aquatic birds. Diaspores bank in the sediment can actuate as a mechanism for maintenance of the diversity and richness of macrophytes found in this environment. Richness, composition and density of the diaspores bank are the main topics discussed over the tree chapters. First diaspores bank was utilized to test the difference with composition of the macrophyte flora for long periods of floristic inventory. The analyses showed a very distinct composition from diaspores bank and vegetation adult. Posteriorly, compared the richness and density of diaspores bank from distinct water systems to confirm general patterns found along several years for macrophyte assemblage from the floodplain in the upper Paraná River. Finally, evaluated the combination of sampling techniques of the diaspores bank with phytosociological aspects. The results obtained from the diaspores bank confirmed the general patterns and revealed new perspectives on biological knowledge to aggregate to the context of general patterns in macro-scale. These dates supported the understanding of processes of succession in wetlands and showed that the diaspores bank in floodplain provides information valuable mechanisms for restoration of aquatic vegetation for natural disturbance. These studies are pioneer on ecosystems of South America and may contribute to value the environmental services of wetlands on this continent.
    Description: A planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná pode ser caracterizada como um complexo paisagístico a qual é influenciada por diferentes hidrossistemas que se interconectam e interagem desencadeando modificações marcantes nas assembléias de macrófitas aquáticas. Os atributos funcionais dessas assembléias são influenciados pelos fluxos unidirecionais, laterais bem como pela dispersão de diásporos por aves aquáticas. Os bancos de diásporos nos sedimentos podem funcionar como um mecanismo para a manutenção da diversidade e riqueza de macrófitas encontradas neste ambiente. A riqueza, composição e densidade do banco de diásporos são os principais temas abordados ao longo dos três capítulos. Primeiramente, o banco de diásporos foi utilizado para testar a diferença de sua composição com a flora de macrófitas durante longos períodos de inventário florístico. As análises revelaram composição bastante distinta entre o banco de diásporos e a vegetação adulta. Posteriormente, comparou-se a riqueza e densidade do banco de diásporos de diferentes hidrossistemas no intuito de confirmar padrões gerais já encontrados ao longo de vários anos para as assembléias de macrófitas da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Avaliou-se a combinação de técnicas de amostragem do banco de diásporos em conjunto com aspectos fitossociológicos. Os resultados obtidos com o banco de diásporos confirmaram os padrões gerais e revelaram novas perspectivas de conhecimento biológico para agregar ao contexto dos padrões gerais em macro-escala. Estes dados auxiliaram a compreensão de processos de sucessão em áreas úmidas e evidenciaram que o banco de diásporos em planícies de inundação fornece informações valiosas nos mecanismos de restauração da vegetação aquática frente a distúrbios naturais. Estes estudos são pioneiros para ecossistemas da América do Sul e poderão contribuir para valorizar os serviços ambientais das áreas úmidas desse continente.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Brazil ; Brasil ; Alto rio Paraná ; Wetlands ; Ciências Ambientais ; Disturbance ; Dynamics ; Macrophyte ; Upper Paraná River ; Seed Bank ; Dinâmica de macrófitas ; Distúrbios ; Área úmida ; Sucessão ; Plantas aquáticas ; Resiliência ; Sucessão ecológica ; Planície de inundação ; Banco de sementes ; Resilience
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 87pp.
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    UNESCO Office in Doha | Doha, Qatar
    Publication Date: 2022-09-29
    Description: Unique Islands with a Rich Natural and Cultural Heritage The Socotra Archipelago is a true treasure of Yemen, located in the western Indian Ocean near the Horn of Africa. This ancient and until recently relatively isolated part of the Arabian Peninsula is known for its exceptional biodiversity on land and in the sea. Socotra’s iconic Dragon’s Blood Trees are known worldwide and symbolize a close bond between nature and the indigenous inhabitants of the island who depend on it, and who speak their unique, endangered language. Due to its remarkable and highly vulnerable island ecosystems containing many endemics, the Socotra Archipelago was designated as a UNESCO Man and Biosphere (MAB) Reserve in 2003, a Ramsar Site in 2007 (Detwah Lagoon) and then as UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site in 2008. These remarkable designations came primarily as recognition of Socotra’s outstanding biodiversity richness, characterised by a high proportion of unique species living in special island habitats. In addition, the cultural landscape of Socotra has been gently shaped through natural and human influences over several millennia. However, a recent decline of that vital bond, combined with the devastating effects of climate change, unsustainable resources use and other impacts, have affected life on these islands for humans, plants and animals alike. This richly illustrated publication, based on the currently available scientific knowledge and stories from the island’s inhabitants, provides a brief overview of the rich biodiversity of the Socotra Archipelago Biosphere Reserve and World Heritage Site, highlighting the vital bond between humans and nature. Challenges are highlighted as well as inspiring stories of hope, examples where the Socotran people are taking the lead in protecting their environment and culture. These examples of the unique, yet fragile bond between people and nature in Socotra can be regarded as an inspiration worldwide, as many unique areas are facing similar challenges that are affecting the natural and cultural heritage.
    Description: OPENASFA INPUT Recommended Citation (Original Title): Van Damme K., 2022. Nature and People in the Socotra Archipelago. UNESCO.
    Description: Published
    Description: Not Known
    Keywords: Islands ; Natural Heritage ; Biosphere reserves ; Wetlands ; Biodiversity ; Environmental degradation ; Flora ; Fauna ; Marine environment ; Intangible cultural heritage
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 106pp.
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  • 95
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: Demonstration of the significant regeneration of thre natural areas (Environmental Protection Area of the Ilhas e Várzeas do Rio Paraná, Ilha Grande National Park and Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema State Park) after the creation of protected areas, without harming the local economy, can contribute to the deconstruction of the paradigm that protection of nature is incompatible with economic development. Through a SIG analysis of a period of 30 years, it can be seen that after decades of degradation, the past 20 years saw significant increase in forest and regeneration areas in the three conservation areas, whilst agriculture and Gross Domestic Product of the region increased. In addition to protecting biodiversity and natural resources, when conservation areas provide shelter to land in regeneration, they can provide important ecosystems which support life thus contributing to the sustainability of the landscape and human development.
    Description: Mostrar a regeneração significativa de três áreas naturais (Área de Proteção Ambiental das Ilhas e Várzeas do Rio Paraná, Parque Nacional de Ilha Grande e Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema) após a criação de unidades de conservação, sem trazer prejuízos à economia local, pode contribuir para desconstruir o paradigma de que a proteção da natureza é incompatível com o desenvolvimento econômico. Por meio da análise de SIG de uma série temporal de 30 anos, foi constatado que após décadas de degradação as três unidades de conservação tiveram um significativo aumento de áreas de floresta e área em regeneração nos últimos 20 anos, ao mesmo tempo em que as áreas de agricultura e o Produto Interno Bruto da região aumentaram. Além de protegerem a biodiversidade e os recursos naturais as unidades de conservação ao abrigarem estas áreas em regeneração, podem fornecer importantes serviços ecossistêmicos de suporte à vida, contribuindo, portanto para a sustentabilidade da paisagem e o desenvolvimento humano.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Brazil ; Self-reliance ; Wetlands ; Floodplain ; Upper Paraná River ; Autossuficiência ; Agronegócio ; Planície de inundação ; Áreas úmidas ; Brasil ; Anthropocene ; Human ecology ; Agribusiness ; Environmental management ; Área de Proteção Ambiental das Ilhas e Várzeas do rio Paraná ; Gestão ambiental ; Parque Estadual das Várzeas do rio Ivinhema ; Parque Nacional de Ilha Grande ; Ecologia de paisagem ; Ecologia de paisagem ; Sustentabilidade ; Antropoceno ; Ecologia humana ; Alto rio Paraná
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 57pp.
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2023-12-15
    Description: Aquatic toxicity studies have been conducted for many years, and their importance has been understood for some time. The need for aquatic toxicity studies arises from the widespread use of chemicals in many different industries, such as agriculture, manufacturing, and energy production. These chemicals can enter aquatic environments through various means, including runoff from fields, discharges from factories, and spills or leaks from storage tanks or pipelines. Once in the aquatic environment, these chemicals can have harmful effects on aquatic life, including fish, crustaceans, molluscs, and algae. By conducting aquatic toxicity studies, researchers can gain a better understanding of the potential harmful effects of chemicals on aquatic life and ecosystems and can inform decisions about their use and regulation to protect the environment. This review summarizes the available aquatic toxicity studies in Turkish waters.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Toxicology ; water ; sediment ; lethal concentration ; effective concentration ; bio-monitors ; Turkey ; ASFA_2015::T::Toxicology ; ASFA_2015::W::Water ; ASFA_2015::S::Sediment pollution ; ASFA_2015::T::Toxicity tests ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic environment ; ASFA_2015::C::Chemical pollution ; ASFA_2015::P::Pollution effects ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic organisms
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: 1-61
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 10 (1980), S. 699-702 
    ISSN: 0302-3524
    Keywords: England coast ; anaerobes ; hydrogen ; nitrogen fixation ; saltmarsh ; sediment ; sulphate ; sulphur bacteria
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ecological Economics 11 (1994), S. 27-33 
    ISSN: 0921-8009
    Keywords: Contingent valuation ; Optimal pollution ; Property rights ; Resource economics ; Wetlands
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ecological Engineering 3 (1994), S. 345-380 
    ISSN: 0925-8574
    Keywords: Detention time ; Flow modeling ; Hydrology ; Mixing ; Tracer testing ; Wetlands
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ecological Engineering 3 (1994), S. 319-343 
    ISSN: 0925-8574
    Keywords: Hydrology ; Water budgets ; Wetlands
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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