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  • Articles  (8,724)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Free Radical Biology and Medicine 10 (1991), S. 379-386 
    ISSN: 0891-5849
    Keywords: Complement ; Free radicals ; Histamine ; Lung injury ; Neutrophils ; Oxygen radicals ; Rats ; Xanthine oxidase
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Free Radical Biology and Medicine 10 (1991), S. 51-60 
    ISSN: 0891-5849
    Keywords: Aldehyde dehydrogenase ; Bromotrichloromethane ; Diethylmaleate ; Glutathione ; Lipid peroxidation ; Rats ; Vitamin E
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Free Radical Biology and Medicine 11 (1991), S. 319-326 
    ISSN: 0891-5849
    Keywords: Arrhythmogenesis ; Free radicals ; Myocardial ischemia ; Oxonic acid ; Rats ; Reperfusion ; Uric acid ; Ventricular fibrillation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Free Radicals in Biology & Medicine 1 (1985), S. 71-82 
    ISSN: 0748-5514
    Keywords: Desferrioxamine ; Histopathology ; Hydroxyl radical ; Iron chelation ; Paraquat ; Pulmonary toxicity ; Rats ; Redox cycling
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research Letters 324 (1994), S. 87-91 
    ISSN: 0165-7992
    Keywords: Ethylene ; Inhalation exposure ; Mice ; Micronucleus ; Rats
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Rats ; hepatocytes ; phosphoinositide cascade ; zinc ; metallothionein ; alkaline phosphatase ; Ratten ; Hepatocyten ; Phosphoinositol-Effektorsystem ; Zink ; Metallothionein ; alkalische Phosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Am Modell primärer Rattenhepatocytenkulturen wurde die Beteiligung von Agonisten des Phosphoinositol-Effektorsystems am Metabolismus von Metallothionein (MT) und alkalischer Phosphatase (ALP) untersucht. Alle Experimente wurden in DMEM/F12 (Ham)-Medium sowohl nach 24stündiger Vorinkubation mit foetalem Kälberserum (FCS) als auch nach Vorinkubation mit Rinderserumalbumin (BSA) durchgeführt. Die Versuche an den Hepatocytenkulturen wurden mit Dexamethason (DEX), Zink (Zn) und den Agonisten des Phosphoinositol-Effektorsystems, der Calciumionophore A 23187, 1,2-Dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DiC8), 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetat (TPA), Angiotensin II (AT), Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) und Arg8-Vasopressin (VP), durchgeführt. Als Parameter wurden die Konzentrationen an MT und die Aktivität der ALP im Zellmaterial bestimmt. Die Vitalität der Kulturen wurde über die Freisetzung der Aktivität der Laktatdehydrogenase (LDH) ins Kulturmedium, der Induzierbarkeit der Tyrosinaminotransferase (TAT) durch DEX und der Anfärbbarkeit der Zellen mit Trypanblau nachgewiesen. Die Zellvitalität wurde durch die FCS-Vorinkubation und DEX-Supplementierung insgesamt verbessert. Unabhängig davon, ob die Zellen mit FCS oder BSA vorinkubiert wurden, stieg der MT-Gehalt der Zellen durch Zn und DEX, als aus der Literatur bekannte direkte Induktoren von MT, um ein Mehrfaches an. Nach FCS-Vorbehandlung war ein moderater Anstieg der ALP-Aktivität nachzuweisen, der jedoch als Vitalitätseffekt interpretiert werden kann. DEX und Zn führten zu keinen Veränderungen der ALP-Aktivität. Alle getesteten Agonisten des Phosphoinositol-Effektorsystems konnten weder MT noch ALP induzieren. Lediglich A 23187 führte zu einer signifikanten konzentrationsabhängigen Reduktion der beiden Parameter. Diese Beobachtung wurde, durch den Anstieg der LDH-Aktivität im Medium und der Zunahme mit Trypanblau anfärbbaren Zellen, auf einen cytotoxischen Effekt von A 23187 zurückgeführt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt, daß Agonisten des Phosphoinositol-Effektorsystems nicht in der Lage sind, den Metabolismus von MT und ALP primärer Rattenhepatocyten zu verändern. Die Ergebnisse früherer in vivo Experimente, in denen Agonisten des Phosphoinositol-Effektorsystems den Zn-Stoffwechsel der Leber modulierten, können somit als indirekter systemischer Effekt gedeutet werden.
    Notes: Summary Adult rat primary hepatocytes maintained in DMEM/F12 (Ham) media were used as a model system for studying the role of fetal calf serum (FCS) and agonists of the phosphoinositide cascade in the metabolism of metallothionein (MT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Experiments were performed both after a 24 h preincubation with FCS and with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Hepatocytes were treated with dexamethasone (DEX), zinc (Zn) and with the agonists of the phosphoinositide cascade A 23187, 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DiC8), 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), angiotensin II (AT), platelet activating factor (PAF), Arg8-vasopressin (VP) and were analyzed for MT and ALP activity in cell homogenates. Cell viability was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) liberation into culture medium, induction of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) through DEX and by trypan blue exclusion. Overall, cell viability was improved by the FCS pretreatment and by DEX. Exposure of hepatocytes to the established direct inducers Zn and DEX of MT resulted in a manifold increase in MT, independent of whether the cultures were FCS pretreated or not. The FCS preincubation produced a moderate elevation of ALP activity by stimulating cell viability. However, ALP was unaltered in response to Zn and DEX. None of the experiments conducted with agonists of the phosphoinositide cascade led to an elevation of MT and ALP. Only the incubation of hepatocytes with A 23187 resulted in a concentration dependent significant decrease of MT and ALP. This observation was due to a cytotoxic effect of A 23187, displayed by LDH leakage and an increase in the number of cells stained with trypan blue. In conclusion, in primary hepatocyte cultures agonists of the phosphoinositide did not have an effect on the metabolism of MT and ALP. Previous in vivo results indicating alterations of Zn metabolism in liver, therefore seem to be caused by indirect systemic responses.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 143-146 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Rats ; chloroquine ; renal damage ; lysosomes ; acid hydrolases ; membrane damage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The administration of chloroquine to rats resulted in a significant elevation of serum enzymes and a corresponding decrease of these enzymes in the tissues. The changes in serum and kidney enzymes were most marked, thus indicating a primary renal dysfunction.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Immobilization ; Rats ; Vitamin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The therapeutic effects of vitamin D analogs, 1,24(R)-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,24(R)(OH)2D3], 1,24(S)-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,24(S)(OH)2D3], and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] on immobilization osteoporosis were studied in rats. The right hind limb was immobilized through application of a plaster cast following the section of the sciatic nerve. The left hind limb was intact. Vitamin D analogs were orally administered for 6 weeks at dose levels of 0.02 and 0.10µg/kg/day, respectively. The mean lengths of the immobilized femurs were not significantly different from those of the intact femurs in all the experimental groups. In the immobilized femur of animals treated with 1,24(R)(OH)2D3, 0.10µg/kg, dry and ash weights were heavier and calcium and phosphorus contents greater than those in the nontreated group. Furthermore, the amount of calcified bone mass and the cortical thickness of the femurs of the immobilized limb in 1,24(R)(OH)2D3-treated animals were greater than those in the nontreated animals. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 at 0.10µg/kg caused an increase of the bone mass in both immobilized and intact femurs when compared with those of the control group. It was concluded that the administration of 1,24(R)(OH)2D3 diminished the effect of immobilization in the development of osteoporosis without any side effects.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 10 (1972), S. 82-90 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium ; Phosphate ; Precipitation ; Kinetics ; Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La cinétique de la formation et de la transformation des précipités de phosphate de calcium, obtenus en mélangeant de volumes égaux de solutions à 6×10−3 M de calcium total et/ou phosphate total est étudiée à 25°C. Les solutions de phosphate sont préajustées à un pH de 7.4. Les changements de pH et de turbidité des solutions sont suivis simultanément en fonction du temps. Les précipités sont isolés à des intervalles de temps variables et caractérisés par diverses méthodes physico-chimiques. Initialement un précipité avec un rapport molaire Ca/P de 1.5, amorphe aux rayons X et en diffraction électronique, est formé. Le spectre IR indique la présence de PO 4 3− et de HPO 4 2− . Après une période métastable, on observe la précipitation d'un matériel cristallin dans ou sur la phase amorphe. Vingt quatre heures après préparation de l'échantillon les précipités présentent surtout les caractères du phosphate octocalcique.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der Bildung und Transformation von Calciumphosphat-Niederschlägen wurde bei 25°C untersucht. Es wurden dazu gleiche Volumen von Lösungen gemischt, bei einer Konzentration von 6×10−3M totales Calcium und/oder totales Phosphat. Die Phosphatlösungen wurden zuerst auf pH 7,4 eingestellt. Veränderungen des pH und Trübung der Lösungen wurden gleichzeitig als eine Funktion der Zeit aufgezeichnet. Niederschläge wurden in verschiedenen Zeitintervallen isoliert und mit verschiedenen physiko-chemischen Methoden charakterisiert. Am Anfang wurde ein Niederschlag mit einem molaren Ca/P-Verhältnis von 1,5, im Röntgenbild und in der Elektronendiffraktion amorph, gebildet. Infrarotspektren deuteten die Anwesenheit von PO 4 3− - und HPO 4 2− -Ionen an. Nach einer metastabilen Periode erfolgte ein Niederschlag aus kristallinem Material innerhalb oder auf der amorphen Substanz. 24 Std nach der Herstellung der Proben zeigten die Niederschläge in der Hauptsache die Charakteristiken von Octocalciumphosphat.
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of the formation and transformation of calcium phosphate precipitates obtained by mixing equal volumes of solutions, 6×10−3 M in total calcium and/or total phosphate was investigated at 25°. The phosphate solutions were preadjusted to pH 7.4. Changes of the pH and turbidity of the solutions were followed simultaneously as a function of time. Precipitates were isolated at various time intervals and characterized by different physicochemical methods. Initially a precipitate with a molar Ca/P ratio of 1.5, amorphous to X-ray and electron diffraction was formed. IR spectra indicated the presence of PO 4 3− and HPO 4 2− ions. After a period of metastability, precipitation of a crystalline material within or upon the amorphous matter occurred. Twenty four hours after sample preparation the precipitates showed mainly the characteristics of octacalcium phosphate.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 145-152 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: EHDP ; Bone ; Chemistry ; Serum ; Rabbits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) on bone and serum chemistry were investigated in adult rabbits. EHDP was administered by subcutaneous injection at doses of 0.25, 2.5 and 10 mg/kg body weight/day for of 28 days. Blood samples were obtained weekly from each rabbit and serum levels of total calcium, ionized calcium, inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were determined. At the end of the treatment period all rabbits were sacrificed and the tibiae removed for chemical analysis and histological evaluation. The effect of EHDP administration on serum chemistry was both dose- and time-related. The highest of the three doses, 10 mg/kg/day, resulted in a time-related decrease in total serum calcium. This dose also caused a rapid but transient reduction in serum ionized calcium. The effect of EHDP on serum inorganic phosphate was biphasic. Administration of 2.5 mg/kg/day resulted in a time-related elevation in this parameter, whereas the 10 mg/kg/day dose resulted in a time-related hypophosphatemic response. There were no significant drug-related changes in tibial fat-free dry weight, ash weight, total calcium or total phosphorus values. However, administration of 2.5 and 10 mg/kg/day EHDP resulted in increased osteoid tissue as measured histologically. These results are compared with data from other EHDP studies, and discussed in relation to the maturity and growth-state of the experimental animals.
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