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  • Genetics  (9)
  • WorldFish Center  (8)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1
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    Lessons from the breeding program on common carp in Hungary (2021)
    WorldFish Center | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2597 | 115 | 2010-12-14 17:34:45 | 2597 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Common carp is one of the most important cultured freshwater fish species in the world. Its production in freshwater areas is the second largest in Europe after rainbow trout. Common carp production in Europe was 146,845 t in 2004 (FAO Fishstat Plus 2006). Common carp production is concentrated mainly in Central and Eastern Europe. In Hungary, common carp has been traditionally cultured in earthen ponds since the late 19th century, following the sharp drop in catches from natural waters, due to the regulation of main river systems. Different production technologies and unintentional selection methods resulted in a wide variety of this species. Just before the intensification of rearing technology and the exchange of stocking materials among fish farms (early sixties), “landraces” of carp were collected from practically all Hungarian fish farms into a live gene bank at the Research Institute for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Irrigation (HAKI) at Szarvas (Bakos and Gorda 1995; Bakos and Gorda 2001). In order to provide highly productive hybrids for production purposes starting from 1964, different strains and crosses between Hungarian landraces were created and tested. During the last 40 years, approximately 150 two-, three-, and four-line hybrids were produced. While developing parental lines, methods of individual selection, inbreeding, backcrossing of lines, gynogenesis and sex reversal were used. This breeding program resulted in three outstanding hybrids: “Szarvas 215 mirror” and “Szarvas P31 scaly” for pond production, and “Szarvas P34 scaly” for angling waters. Besides satisfying the needs of industry, the live gene bank helped to conserve the biological diversity of Hungarian carp landraces. Fifteen Hungarian carp landraces are still maintained today in the gene bank. Through exchange programs fifteen foreign carp strains were added to the collection from Central and Eastern Europe, as well as Southeast Asia (Bakos and Gorda 2001). Besides developing the methodology to maintain live specimens in the gene bank, the National Carp Breeding Program has been initiated in cooperation with all the key stakeholders in Hungary, namely the National Association of Fish Producers (HOSZ), the National Institute for Agricultural Quality Control (OMMI), and the Research Institute for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Irrigation (HAKI). In addition, methodologies or technologies for broodstock management and carp performance testing have been developed. This National Carp Breeding Program is being implemented successfully since the mid-1990s.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biotechnology ; Genetics ; Genetic drift ; Genetic diversity ; Fish culture ; Brood stocks ; Induced breeding ; Breeding success ; Research programmes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 27-33
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  • 2
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    Genetic improvement and effective dissemination: keys to prosperous and sustainable aquaculture industries (2021)
    WorldFish Center | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2589 | 115 | 2010-12-14 17:34:36 | 2589 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: There is an increasing demand for fish in the world due to a growing population, better economic situation in some sectors, and greater awareness of health issues in relation to food. Since capture fisheries have stagnated, fish farming has become a very fast growing food production system. In this presentation, the author gives an overview of the technologies that are available for genetic improvement of fish, and briefly discuss their merit in the context of a sustainable development. He also discusses the essential prerequisites for effective dissemination of improved stock to farmers. It is concluded that genetic improvement programs based on selective breeding can substantially contribute to sustainable fish production systems. Furthermore, if such genetic improvement programs are followed up with effective dissemination strategies, they can result in a positive impact on farmers' incomes.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biotechnology ; Genetics ; Food fish ; Genetic drift
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 3
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    Maintaining the "public good" nature of improved fish strains: dissemination of knowledge and materials (2021)
    WorldFish Center | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2600 | 115 | 2010-12-14 17:34:51 | 2600 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: Many sources of information that discuss currents problems of food security point to the importance of farmed fish as an ideal food source that can be grown by poor farmers, (Asian Development Bank 2004). Furthermore, the development of improved strains of fish suitable for low-input aquaculture such as Tilapia, has demonstrated the feasibility of an approach that combines “cutting edge science” with accessible technology, as a means for improving the nutrition and livelihoods of both the urban poor and poor farmers in developing countries (Mair et al. 2002). However, the use of improved strains of fish as a means of reducing hunger and improving livelihoods has proved to be difficult to sustain, especially as a public good, when external (development) funding sources devoted to this area are minimal1. In addition, the more complicated problem of delivery of an aquaculture system, not just improved fish strains and the technology, can present difficulties and may go explicitly unrecognized (from Sissel Rogne, as cited by Silje Rem 2002). Thus, the involvement of private partners has featured prominently in the strategy for transferring to the public technology related to improved Tilapia strains. Partnering with the private sector in delivery schemes to the poor should take into account both the public goods aspect and the requirement that the traits selected for breeding “improved” strains meet the actual needs of the resource poor farmer. Other dissemination approaches involving the public sector may require a large investment in capacity building. However, the use of public sector institutions as delivery agents encourages the maintaining of the “public good” nature of the products.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biotechnology ; Genetics ; Genetic drift ; Fish culture ; Policies
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 45-50
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  • 4
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    Breeding programs on Atlantic salmon in Norway: lessons learned (2021)
    WorldFish Center | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2596 | 115 | 2010-12-14 17:34:43 | 2596 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: An early establishment of selective breeding programs on Atlantic salmon has been crucial for the success of developing efficient and sustainable salmon farming in Norway. A national selective breeding program was initiated by AKVAFORSK at the beginning of the 1970s, by collecting fertilized eggs from more than 40 Norwegian river populations. Several private selective breeding programs were also initiated in the 1970s and 1980s. While these private programs were initiated using individual selection (i.e. massselection) to genetically improve growth, the national program was designed to gradually include all economically important traits in the breeding objective (i.e. growth, age at sexual maturation, disease resistance and quality traits) using a combined family and within-family selection strategy. Independent of which selection strategy and program design used, it is important to secure and maintain a broad genetic variation in the breeding populations to maximize selection response. It has been documented that genetically improved salmon from the national selective breeding program grow twice as fast as wild Atlantic salmon and require 25 per cent less feed, while salmon representing the private breeding programs all show an intermediate growth performance. As a result of efficient dissemination of genetically improved Atlantic salmon, the Norwegian salmon farming industry has reduced its feed costs by more than US$ 230 million per year! The national selective breeding program on Atlantic salmon was commercialized into a breeding company (AquaGen) in 1992. Five years later, several private companies and the AKVAFORSK Genetics Center (AFGC) established a second breeding company (SalmoBreed) using breeding candidates from one of the private breeding programs. These two breeding companies have similar products, but different strategies on how to organize the breeding program and to disseminate the genetically improved seed to the Norwegian salmon industry. Greater competition has increased the necessity to document the genetic gain obtained from the different programs and to market the economic benefits of farming the genetically improved breeds. Both breeding companies have organized their dissemination to get a sufficient share of the economic benefits in order to sustain and improve their breeding programs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biotechnology ; Genetics ; Genetic drift ; Genetic diversity ; Fish culture ; DNA ; Induced breeding ; Breeding success ; Research programmes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 22-26
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  • 5
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    Policies on release of improved fish strains in China (2021)
    WorldFish Center | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2599 | 115 | 2010-12-14 17:34:49 | 2599 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: Since 1991, the certification, release and maintenance of new species for aquaculture have become part of the national policy in China. During the past 15 years, this policy has been conducted and improved and has begun to show its significant role in Chinese fisheries. This paper describes the updated system of certification, release and maintenance of new species for aquaculture in China.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biotechnology ; Genetics ; Genetic drift ; Genetic diversity ; Fish culture ; Induced breeding ; Breeding success ; Research programmes ; Policies
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 41-44
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  • 6
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    Potential applications of reproductive and molecular genetic technologies in the selective breeding of aquaculture species (2021)
    WorldFish Center | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2595 | 115 | 2010-12-14 17:34:41 | 2595 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The use of reproductive and genetic technologies can increase the efficiency of selective breeding programs for aquaculture species. Four technologies are considered, namely: marker-assisted selection, DNA fingerprinting, in-vitro fertilization, and cryopreservation. Marker-assisted selection can result in greater genetic gain, particularly for traits difficult or expensive to measure, than conventional selection methods, but its application is currently limited by lack of high density linkage maps and by the high cost of genotyping. DNA fingerprinting is most useful for genetic tagging and parentage verification. Both in-vitro fertilization and cryopreservation techniques can increase the accuracy of selection while controlling accumulation of inbreeding in long-term selection programs. Currently, the cost associated with the utilization of reproductive and genetic techniques is possibly the most important factor limiting their use in genetic improvement programs for aquatic species.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biotechnology ; Genetics ; Genetic drift ; Genetic diversity ; Aquatic animals ; Fish culture ; DNA ; Induced breeding
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 15-21
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  • 7
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    Lessons from established breeding programs: terrestrial and aquatic animals (2021)
    WorldFish Center | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2594 | 115 | 2011-09-29 18:45:03 | 2594 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Some relevant components of selection program theory and implementation are reviewed. This includes pedigree recording, genetic evaluation, balancing genetic gains and genetic diversity and tactical integration of key issues. Lessons learned are briefly described – illustrating how existing method and tools can be useful when launching a program in a novel species, and yet highlighting the importance of proper understanding and custom application according to the biology and environments of that species.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biotechnology ; Genetics ; Genetic drift ; Genetic diversity ; Aquatic animals
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 7-14
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  • 8
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    Lessons from the breeding program of rohu (2021)
    WorldFish Center | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2598 | 115 | 2011-09-29 18:45:17 | 2598 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: For the first time in India, selective breeding work has been initiated at the Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India in collaboration with the Institute of Aquaculture Research (AKVAFORSK), Norway. Rohu has been chosen as the model species because it enjoys the highest consumer preference among Indian major carps (IMC) although its performance was observed to be slower than other IMC. As this was the first ever selection work on any Indian major carp, many procedures and techniques for successful implementation of the programs were standardized (i.e. production of full-sib groups, establishment of model hatchery for selective breeding of carps, rearing of full-sib groups in partitioned nursery ponds, individual tagging with the Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tag, communal rearing, sampling, data analysis, field testing and dissemination of improved rohu). After four generations of selection, an average of 17 per cent higher growth per generation was observed in improved rohu.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biotechnology ; Genetics ; Genetic drift ; Genetic diversity ; Fish culture ; Brood stocks ; Induced breeding ; Breeding success ; Research programmes ; India
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: 34-40
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  • 9
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    Production of two highly abundant 2-methyl-branched fatty acids by blooms of the globally significant marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Gosselin, K. M., Nelson, R. K., Spivak, A. C., Sylva, S. P., Van Mooy, B. A. S., Aeppli, C., Sharpless, C. M., O’Neil, G. W., Arrington, E. C., Reddy, C. M., & Valentine, D. L. Production of two highly abundant 2-methyl-branched fatty acids by blooms of the globally significant marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum. ACS Omega, 6(35), (2021): 22803–22810, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c03196.
    Description: The bloom-forming cyanobacteria Trichodesmium contribute up to 30% to the total fixed nitrogen in the global oceans and thereby drive substantial productivity. On an expedition in the Gulf of Mexico, we observed and sampled surface slicks, some of which included dense blooms of Trichodesmium erythraeum. These bloom samples contained abundant and atypical free fatty acids, identified here as 2-methyldecanoic acid and 2-methyldodecanoic acid. The high abundance and unusual branching pattern of these compounds suggest that they may play a specific role in this globally important organism.
    Description: This work was funded with grants from the National Science Foundation grants OCE-1333148, OCE-1333162, and OCE-1756254 and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (IR&D). GCxGC analysis made possible by WHOI’s Investment in Science Fund.
    Keywords: Lipids ; Alkyls ; Bacteria ; Genetics ; Chromatography
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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