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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Lambert, cosmological letters, fixed stars, nebulae, island universe, teleology, teleological, enlightenment, enlightened, romanticism, romantic, hypothesis, physical-teleological, speculation, imagination, stability, solar system, cosmology, astronomy, comet, magic, alchemy, pietism, science, arts, philosophy, Newtonian. - Johann Heinrich Lamberts Cosmological Letters was published 1761 in Augsburg. Lambert tried to expose a theory of the structure of the universe as a whole, that is, a theory that was able to involucrate all sorts of observed celestial bodies, like 'fixed stars' und nebulae. Lambert tackles his task mixing two disciplines, which in principle seem to be incompatible: Newtonian physics and teleology. Lambert's speculative and imaginative way to formulate his hypotheses shows resemblances to the way of making science developed during the romantic period, disagreeing with the methods of enlightenment, movement to which Lambert is usually associated. A central aspect of this thesis is to study Lambert's figure in relation to this two traditions, with the finality to deal with the compression of his ideas in depth, in light of the transition between the enlightened vision of the world and the romantic one.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 520 ; TA 100 ; TA 400 ; Theoretische Grundlagen {Astronomie} ; Wissenschaftsgeschichte {Astronomie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 302 S.
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  • 2
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    Univ. Bremen
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The dissolution kinetics of gypsum and anhydrite have been measured under various conditions. For gypsum an almost linear rate equation R=ks1(1-c/ceq)n1 is valid, where R is the surface rate, n1 1 is the kinetics order, c is the total calcium concentration at the surface, and ceq the equilibrium concentration with respect to gypsum. For the determination of the entire dissolution kinetics a batch set-up was used. This batch experiment reveals a dissolution rate equation R=ks1(1-c/ceq)n1 which switch close to equilibrium to a nonlinear rate equation R=ks2(1-c/ceq)n2 with n2 4.5. The experimentally observed dissolution rates from the batch experiment could be fitted by only minor variations with a mixed kinetics model. The rotating disk experiment on anhydrite reveals a surface controlled rate equation. For anhydrite the observed experimentally dissolution rates by a batch experiment are described by R=ks(1-c/ceq})n, where ks is the surface rate constant and n 4.2 is the kinetic order. Furthermore, a method for the determination of the rate equation parameters was developed ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 549 ; VJK 000 ; VHB 600 ; VGC 000 ; Experimentelle Geochemie ; Sulfate, Chromate, Molybdate und Wolframate {Mineralogie} ; Mineralchemie
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 120 S.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Turbulence, ice ridge, polynja, drag coefficient. - Polarstern (PS) cruise ARK XII led into the Laptev Sea and into the Kara Sea. Measurements of atmospheric processes within the polar surface layer were performed by a turbulence probe mounted at the bow crane of the ship.The meteorological conditions during the cruise were characterised by moderate winds and low temperature differences between the atmosphere and the underlying surface.Detailed information about the variation of meteorological parameters and of the surface fluxes were achieved as a function of the surface characteristics. The measurements are used to analyse ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.5 ; VAQ 990 ; TYZ 400 ; TVH 500 ; Meereis {Glaziologie} ; Nordpolarmeer {Meteorologie und Klimatologie} ; Temperatur der Wasseroberfläche als meteorol. Element
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; VAQ 990 ; Meereis {Glaziologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Photooxidants play an important role for the oxidation capacity of the troposphere. The presented work deals with seasonal changes of atmospheric photooxidants like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), methylhydroperoxide (MHP) and formaldehyde (HCHO). The principal purpose was to follow and quantify the mixing-ratios of these photochemical species for the first time over a complete annual cycle in Antarctica. During two field campaigns at the German Antarctic station Neumayer (overwintering campaign from January 1997 until March 1998 and a shorter campaign from January to March 1999) continuous measurements of atmospheric mixing-ratios were performed. A continuous wet-chemical technique was used for peroxides and formaldehyde sampling and analysis. Species were quantified by fluorescence detection. In order to compare the results and measurements with well-known reaction mechanisms a photochemical box model was applied. The obtained time series show a pronounced seasonal variation with higher values during summer. For the first time atmospheric concentrations of H2O2, MHP and HCHO were documented during polar night in winter. The mixing-ratios were significantly higher than expected due to missing actinic radiation essential for photochemical production. Trajectory analyses and calculations with a three-dimensional model showed that during winter the mixing-ratios of photooxidants are mainly affected by long-range transport in the free troposphere. Investigations during the Antarctic ó́zone hole period ́́show no significant impact of the increased UV-B radiation on the photooxidants. The findings of this work contribute to a better understanding of the photochemistry of the investigated trace gases in the clean troposphere of Antarctica and provide a useful data record for further photochemical modeling.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.5 ; 551.9 ; 550 ; TYY 200 ; TVA 210 ; Antarktis {Meteorologie und Klimatologie} ; Chemische Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 176 S.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Besides measurements of atmospheric trace gases and laboratory studies of chemical reactions, modelling has been recognised to be of increasing importance to improve our knowledge of the atmosphere and the capabilities of photochemical models. Main scope of this work was the development of a photochemical atmospheric model, which was especielly designed for the interpretation of Differential Optical Absorption measurments (DOAS). This model has been used to improve our knowledge of atmospheric chemistry. For example, for the first time it was possible to demonstrate that a significant amount of IO in a range of 0.65 to 0.8 pptv is present in the stratosphere in the polar region (Ny-Alesund,Spitzbergen). Moreover it has been shown that such amounts of stratospheric IO lead to an additional Ozone loss in the range of 10 % in cold arctic winters.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.5 ; 550 ; TUA 700 ; TVA 210 ; Verfahren zur Untersuchung der freien Atmosphäre {Meteorologie} ; Chemische Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Ozone profile retrieval, ERS-2, GOME, FURM, ozone decline, Northern hemisphere. - Measurements of stratospheric ozone over the Northern hemisphere forthe winter/spring periods of 1997 to 2000 taken with the GOMEinstrument were used to derive the chemical ozone depletion inside thepolar vortex. GOME onboard the ERS-2 satellite measures radiationcoming from the Earth in the UV/vis spectral range.To discern the chemical depletion from dynamical influences, a modelwas developed to calculate vortex averaged diabatic descent ratesusing the radiative transfer model MIDRAD and the FURM ozoneprofiles. The permeability of the Arctic vortex was analysed by usingthe trajectory model TANGO in conjunction with a reverse domainfilling algorithm, developed within the framework of this thesis.The chemical ozone ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.5 ; 550 ; TUA 850 ; TVA 210 ; TY 100 ; Satellitenmeteorologie ; Chemische Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie} ; Nördliche Hemisphäre {Meteorologie und Klimatologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Ozone chemistry, tracer measurements, radiometry, airborne,submillimeterwave, Arctic, stratosphere. - The Airborne Submillimeter Radiometer (ASUR) is a passive heterodyne instrument using a superconducting detector with an instrumental frequency range from 604.3 to 662.3 GHz.Operating onboard an aircraft to avoid absorption by tropospheric water vapor key species of the stratospheric ozone chemistry can be detected for a vertical altitude range from 15 to 55 km. In the winter 1999/2000 the ASUR instrument participated in the THESEO 2000/SOLVE project onboard the NASA research aircraft DC-8. Three deployments were carried ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.5 ; 550 ; TUA 800 ; TVA 210 ; TYY 100 ; Radarmeteorologie ; Chemische Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie} ; Arktis {Meteorologie und Klimatologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.5 ; 550 ; TUA 850 ; TUA 500 ; TVA 210 ; Satellitenmeteorologie ; Meteorologische Modelle ; Chemische Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre {Meteorologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: WSDW, water mass spreading, numerical model, lagrangian trajectories, Weddell Scotia Confluence. - The deep Scotia Sea is filled with ventilated Weddell Sea Deep Water (WSDW). This in turn is an essential contributor to the ventilation of the World Ocean abyss. A primitive equation, hydrostatic, ocean general circulation model (BRIOS1.1) with terrain-following coordinate is used to investigate the water mass export from the Weddell Sea. The model is circumpolar focusing on the Weddell Sea, with particularly high resolution (2̃0 km) in the DOVETAIL area. The northern limb of the Weddell Gyre exhibits an eastward Weddell Sea Deep Water transport across 44ʿW of 24 Sv. Export rates of Weddell Sea Deep Water through gaps in theSouth Scotia Ridge are estimated to be 6.4 Sv with a semi-annual cycle of ± 0.6 Sv, which can be correlated to atmospheric cyclone activity and Weddell Gyre strength. Sensitivity studies considering extreme sea ice conditions in the Weddell Sea show higher (lower) exports in years of minimum (maximum) winter sea ice extent. This can be attributed to the local change of the surface stress achieved by wind and ice. Lagrangian ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 910 ; QGZ 420 ; UKG 200 ; Physische Geographie der Antarktis ; Teilfragen {Regionale Ozeanologie, Südpolarmeer}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 142 S.
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