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  • Springer  (3.531.823)
  • Springer Nature  (1.070.389)
  • American Physical Society  (663.490)
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  • 1
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    Advances in our understanding of pyroclastic current behavior from the 1980 eruption sequence of Mount St. Helens volcano (Washington), USA (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-16
    Beschreibung: This review summarizes what the volcanology community has learned thus far from studying the deposits of pyroclastic currents (PCs) from the 1980 eruption sequence at Mount St. Helens. The review includes mass flow events during the May 18 eruption, including the lateral blast, the afternoon column collapse and boil-over PC activity, and some aspects of the debris avalanche. We also include a summary of PCs generated in the smaller eruptions following the climactic May 18 event. Our objective is to summarize the state of our understanding of PC transport and emplacement mechanisms from the combination of field and laboratory observations, granular flow experiments, and numerical modeling techniques. Specifically, we couple deposit characteristics, experiments, and numerical modeling techniques to critically address the problems of (1) constraining conditions in the flow boundary zone at the time of deposition; (2) the influence of substrate roughness and topography on PC behavior; (3) the prevalence, causes, and consequences of substrate erosion by PCs; and (4) the reconstruction of PC transportation and sedimentation processes from a combination of geophysical and sedimentological observations. We conclude by providing opportunities for future research as our field, experimental, and numerical research techniques advance.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 24
    Beschreibung: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): numerical modeling, mount St. Helens, physical volcanology ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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    ARTIKEL (OA)
  • 2
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    Effects of environmental and climatic drivers on abyssal macrobenthic infaunal communities from the NE Pacific nodule province (2024)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-15
    Beschreibung: The macrofauna in soft sediments of the deep seafloor is generally diverse and represents a comparatively well-studied faunal group of deep-sea ecosystems. In the abyss of the Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ) in the NE Pacific, macrofauna are major contributors to benthic biodiversity. Their distribution, composition, and diversity have been frequently investigated to assess the potential impacts of future mining activities on the resident fauna. In this study, patterns of densities and community structure of CCFZ macrobenthic infauna and their relationships with a range of environmental and climatic variables were examined, with a special focus on communities from the eastern German contract area (referred to as BGR CA). However, comparisons were also made with other contractor areas (e.g., IFREMER, IOM, GSR) and one Area of Particular Environmental Interest (APEI3). Material for this study was obtained by means of a box corer during six expeditions to the CCFZ between 2013 and 2018 resulting in 148 samples. Our study uncovered notable spatial and temporal variations in both faunal densities and community composition. While areas within the BGR CA exhibited a similar community composition, slight differences were observed between the various CAs and APEI3. Surprisingly, we found an unexpected negative correlation between food availability and both macrofaunal density and community structure that may be attributed to differences in sampling methodologies and pronounced temporal variation. Furthermore, we explored the impact of climatic fluctuations associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on macrofaunal densities, observing an increase during warm (El Niño) events. Our findings underscore the challenges of accurately assessing spatial and temporal variations in the absence of standardised sampling protocols. Hence, we emphasize the importance of adopting standardised protocols to enhance data comparability, thereby fostering a deeper understanding of the underlying factors influencing spatial and temporal changes in macrofauna community structure within the CCFZ.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Spionidae and Poecilochaetidae (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-14
    Beschreibung: This paper represents a continuation of taxonomic publications on the benthic fauna of polymetallic nodule fields in the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) using material collected during baseline environmental survey work targeting two exploration contract areas (“UK-1” and “OMS”) and one Area of Particular Environmental Interest, “APEI-6.” Families Poecilochaetidae Hannerz, 1956 and Spionidae Grube, 1850 of the annelid suborder Spioniformia were studied here. Taxonomic data are presented for 25 species from 98 records as identified by a combination of morphological and genetic approaches. Although sub-optimal morphological condition can prevent new species being formally described, it is essential that morphological, molecular, and voucher data are made available for future surveys. Descriptions of two new species— Poecilochaetus brenkei sp. nov. and Laonice shulseae sp. nov.—increase the number of formally described new annelid species from the areas targeted in this study to 15 and CCZ-wide to 46. We also discuss the commonly reported “cosmopolitan” deep-sea spionid Aurospio dibranchiata Maciolek, 1981, which we show represents several genetically distinct species (three of these from CCZ area alone) but without reliable morphological characters to separate them. Molecular data provide evidence that 15 out of 25 species reported here have a wide distribution within the eastern CCZ and that Aurospio sp. “NHM_2186” and the known species Prionospio amarsupiata Neal & Altamira in Paterson et al. 2016 may be cosmopolitan. Lastly, the molecular data provide insights into relationships within Spioniformia, suggesting that both Poecilochaetidae and Trochochaetidae belong within Spionidae.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Deconvolving feeding niches and strategies of abyssal holothurians from their stable isotope, amino acid, and fatty acid composition (2023)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-14
    Beschreibung: Holothurians are the dominant megabenthic deposit feeders in the Peru Basin (SE Pacific) and feed to various degrees of selectivity on a heterogenous pool of sedimentary detritus, but drivers of feeding selectivity and diet preferences for most holothurian species are unknown. This study reconstructs the diets of 13 holothurian species of the orders Elasipodida, Holothuriida, and Synallactida. Bulk stable isotope analyses (δ13C, δ15N) of holothurian body wall and gut wall tissues, gut contents, and feces were combined with compound-specific stable isotope analyses of amino acids, phospholipid-derived fatty acids, and neutral-lipid-derived fatty acids in the body wall. We further assessed how holothurians in the Peru Basin partition their resources and calculated how much of the daily particulate organic carbon (POC) flux to the area is ingested by them using information about gut contents of nine species. To assess the dependence of holothurians on fresh phytodetritus, we performed in situ pulse-chase experiments using 13C- and 15N-enriched phytodetritus. By measuring the uptake of this phytodetritus in fatty acids and amino acids and by comparing it with the presence of these compounds in the sediment, we calculated net accumulation and net deficiency for specific fatty acids and amino acids and discussed how climate change might affect the dependence on specific compounds. A Sørensen–Dice coefficient-based cluster analysis using data from trophic levels, levels of heterotrophic re-synthesis of amino acids, feeding selectivity, and food sources/diet suggested two major trophic groups with two optional subgroups each. Species-specific traits of locomotion, tentacle morphology, and gut structure likely allow resource partitioning and differences in selectivity among the holothurians, of which a subpopulation of 65% of all specimens can ingest 4 to 27% of the daily POC flux to the Peru Basin. Holothurians are specifically dependent on the uptake of arachidonic acid from phytodetritus, while most essential amino acids are available in the Peru Basin in sufficient concentrations.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Biodiversity of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone: a worm perspective (2024)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-14
    Beschreibung: The deep seafloor of the Northeastern Pacific Ocean between the Clarion and Clipperton Fracture Zones (CCZ) hosts large deposits of polymetallic nodules that are of great commercial interest as they are rich in valuable metals such as manganese, nickel, copper and cobalt. However, mining of these nodules has the potential to severely affect the benthic fauna, whose distribution and diversity are still poorly understood. The CCZ is characterized by strong gradients in sea surface productivity and hence changes in the amount of organic carbon reaching the seafloor, decreasing from mesotrophic conditions in the southeast to oligotrophic conditions in the northwest. Uncovering and understanding changes in community composition and structure along this productivity gradient are challenging but important, especially in the context of future mining impacts. Here, we summarize published data on benthic annelids (polychaetes), a major component of macrobenthic communities in the CCZ. Unlike previous studies, we attempt to explore all available data based on both morphology and genetics collected by box corer and epibenthic sledge. In this regard, we specifically aimed to (a) summarize and compare morphological and molecular data in relation to surface water nutrient conditions and (b) provide recommendations to advance the studies of polychaete biodiversity. Although initial studies on polychaetes in the CCZ were performed as far back as the 1970s, there are still large data gaps further explored in our review. For example, most of the current data are from the eastern CCZ, limiting understanding of species ranges across the region. An association between polychaete communities and the available food supply was generally observed in this study. Indeed, mesotrophic conditions supported higher abundance and species richness in polychaetes as a whole, but for certain groups of species, the patterns appear to be opposite — illustrating that relationships are likely more complex at lower taxonomic levels. A better understanding of biogeographical, ecological and evolutionary processes requires a concerted effort involving increased sampling and sharing of data and material to close existing knowledge gaps.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Conviviality in Burgaz (2024)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-13
    Beschreibung: This open access book tells stories of conviviality, solidarity, and everyday management of conflicts and tensions, by building on original, long-term ethnographic research (fourteen months in 2009-2010, followed by fieldwork trips until now) on Burgaz, an island home to more than twenty ethnic and religious groups from different socio-economic backgrounds. The island provides an excellent case study of post-Ottoman conviviality, as the homogenisation process during the nation-building stage of modern Turkey triggered migrations from the island, especially of non-Muslims, yet the island’s population retains elements of its Byzantine and Ottoman diversity. The book explores the islanders’ representation of diversity through ethnographic research, media analysis and interviews, and shifts the analytical framework of Post-Ottoman plurality from “coexistence/toleration” to that of conviviality. The author critically engages with the literature on multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism andconceptualises conviviality as both living together in diversity as shared ways of living as well as living with difference. The book further explores the relationship between conviviality, solidarity, coexistence/toleration, intoleration and nationalism. This is an open access book.
    Schlagwort(e): conviviality ; coexistence ; multiculturalism ; diversity ; solidarity ; Turkey ; social tension ; kinship ; identity ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBA Social theory ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSL Ethnic studies::JBSL1 Ethnic groups and multicultural studies
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 7
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    Religiöse Rituale und soziale Ordnung (2021)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-13
    Beschreibung: In diesem Open-Access-Buch wird die Bedeutung von religiösen Ritualen für die soziale Ordnung systematisch untersucht. Dazu werden Konzepte des Zusammenhangs von Ritualen mit verschiedenen Ebenen des Sozialen erarbeitet: Interaktion, Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft.; In diesem Open-Access-Buch wird die Bedeutung von religiösen Ritualen für die soziale Ordnung systematisch untersucht. Dazu werden Konzepte des Zusammenhangs von Ritualen mit verschiedenen Ebenen des Sozialen erarbeitet: Interaktion, Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft.
    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Religion and sociology ; Social sciences—Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBA Social theory
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 8
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    Knowledge and Digital Technology (2024)
    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-13
    Beschreibung: This open access book explores the multifaceted interplay of technology, knowledge, and place. While digital technology is increasingly influencing our way of knowing, conversely it is itself the consequence of human creativity and local social interaction. Part I analyzes how digital technologies transform markets through artificial intelligence and decentralized blockchain models. Its contributions discuss novel governance mechanisms, including the responsible use and analysis of big data. Part II illustrates various ways in which technology supports humanity, be it algorithms supporting complex decision-making processes or the use of robotics in care services. The chapters highlight that technology's efficiency and potential rely on social norms and human capital. Finally, Part III shows that digitization is generating vibrant entrepreneurship, reflected in geographically clustered urban scale-up economies, as well as opening up new ways for people to connect with one another, organize civic engagement and enable new forms of labor. The book offers theoretical reflections as well as empirical cases from the United States, Canada, Japan, South Africa, and Europe. This volume provides a valuable read for scholars, students and professionals in the fields of knowledge creation, technology and governance.
    Schlagwort(e): human-machine interaction ; digital activism ; social networks ; scale-up economies ; digital technology ; economic geography ; artificial intelligence ; digital markets ; digital governance ; Use of robotics ; human geography ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 9
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    Ein neuer Gesellschaftsvertrag für eine nachhaltige Landwirtschaft (2021)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-13
    Beschreibung: Die Landwirtschaft in Deutschland, Europa und weltweit befindet sich in einem dramatischen Umbruchprozess. Einerseits bieten Liberalisierung und Marktöffnung, neue technologische Entwicklungen, die wachsende Weltbevölkerung und neue Kundenwünsche vielen landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben neue Möglichkeiten. Andererseits stehen viele Landwirtinnen und Landwirte in internationaler Konkurrenz, sind zum betrieblichen Wachstum mit hohem Investitionsrisiko gezwungen, sind Teil strikt regulierter Wertschöpfungsketten und müssen steigenden gesellschaftlichen Ansprüchen genügen. Zugleich machen sich viele Menschen Sorgen, dass die Prozesse der Rationalisierung und Modernisierung der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion auf Kosten von Natur-, Umwelt- und Tierschutz gehen. Auf vielen Ebenen wird daher bereits nach einer neuen Verständigung darüber gesucht, was die Gesellschaft von der Landwirtschaft erwartet, und welche Unterstützung die Landwirtinnen und Landwirte im Gegenzug dafür erwarten dürfen. Vor diesem Hintergrund entwickelt das vorliegende Open Access-Buch eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Kritik der Umweltauswirkungen der Landwirtschaft und der politischen Logik der Agrarpolitik. Es präsentiert ein neues Leitbild mit konkreten Indikatoren sowie alternative strategische Handlungsoptionen. Die umfassende Analyse wird zu einem Vorschlag für eine neue Architektur der europäischen Agrarpolitik gebündelt, die eine breite Diskussion um einen Neuen Gesellschaftsvertrag für die Landwirtschaft in Deutschland und Europa anstoßen soll.
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Law—Europe ; Industrial management—Environmental aspects ; Economic development—Environmental aspects ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJJ Business and the environment; ‘green’ approaches to business ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 10
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    Gestaltung sozialer Versorgung (2021)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-13
    Beschreibung: Dieses Open-Access-Buch erläutert ein Handlungsmodell zur Gestaltung sozialer Versorgung. Das Modell beinhaltet 16 Gestaltungsaufgaben, die sich an den wesentlichen Planungs- und Steuerungsaufgaben sozialer Versorgung und den vier Phasen eines Managementkreislaufes (Analyse, Strategieentwicklung, Umsetzung, Weiterentwicklung) orientieren. Dem Handlungsmodell liegt ein prozessorientiertes, reflexives und an der Sozialen Arbeit ausgerichtetes Handlungsverständnis zugrunde, das über „lineare“ Planungsansätze hinausreicht. Das Lehrbuch möchte Impulse für eine systematische und zugleich innovative Gestaltung sozialer Versorgung geben.
    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Social work ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare and social services::JKSN Social work
    Sprache: Deutsch
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