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  • Springer  (3,531,817)
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  • 1
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    Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-01-10
    Description: The volume offers insights into new theoretical approaches that should make it possible to analyse cultural change through migration. It focuses on concrete activities in local contexts and their significance for national narratives. Finally, it presents newer approaches in migration studies that use artistic methods and work with cultural institutions to drive cultural change.
    Description: Der Band bietet Einblick in neue theoretische Ansätze, die ermöglichen sollen, kulturellen Wandel durch Migration zu analysieren. Er richtet den Blick auf konkrete Aktivitäten in lokalen Kontexten und deren Bedeutung für nationale Narrative. Abschließend präsentiert er neuere Ansätze in der Migrationsforschung, die sich künstlerischer Methoden bedienen und mit kulturellen Institutionen zusammenarbeiten, um kulturelle Veränderung voranzutreiben.
    Keywords: Migration; Postmigration; kultureller Wandel; Kunst; Kultur ; ÖFOS 2012 -- SOZIALWISSENSCHAFTEN (5) -- Soziologie (504) -- Soziologie (5040) -- Migrationsforschung (504021) ; ÖFOS 2012 -- GEISTESWISSENSCHAFTEN (6) -- Andere Geisteswissenschaften (605) -- Andere Geisteswissenschaften (6050) -- Kulturwissenschaft (605004) ; Migration; postmigration; cultural change; art; culture ; ÖFOS 2012 -- SOCIAL SCIENCES (5) -- Sociology (504) -- Sociology (5040) -- Migration research (504021) ; ÖFOS 2012 -- HUMANITIES (6) -- Other Humanities (605) -- Other Humanities (6050) -- Cultural studies (605004)
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: The ability to use data produced by different sources (social networks, governments, weather sensors etc.) is widely recognized as a key to capitalize the value of data. In the scientific field, such usage may incredibly boost the innovation and foster new discoveries. However, one of the main hurdles is currently represented by the difficulties in achieving the required interoperability to provide integrated access to multi-disciplinary data. The current work presents a metadata-driven approach that uses in a combined way metadata, semantics, and services as key components for providing integrated access to heterogeneous data sources. The integration occurs within a central data integration system, which is driven by a rich metadata catalogue and that can present the data provided by the different data sources in a harmonised way to the end user, by means of RESTful APIs. A real application demonstrating metadata-driven semantic and service interoperability for achieving homogeneous access to multi-disciplinary heterogeneous data sources is illustrated in the case of EPOS, a Research Infrastructure for Solid Earth Science. The advantages in terms of ease of maintenance, of flexibility in plugging different standard without perturbating communities’ long-lasting technical practices, and of ability to track provenance are discussed. Future work for providing open-source implementation of a system built following the proposed approach is also envisaged.
    Description: Published
    Description: 235–247
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: The Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) has been recently introduced as a W3C recommendation to define constraints for validating RDF graphs. In this paper a novel SHACL-driven multi-view editor is presented: SHAPEness. It empowers users by offering them a rich interface for assessing and improving the quality of metadata represented as RDF graphs. SHAPEness has been developed and tested in the framework of the European Plate Observing System (EPOS). In this context, the SHAPEness features have proven to be a valuable solution to easily create and maintain valid graphs according to the EPOS data model. The SHACL-driven approach underpinning SHAPEness, makes this tool suitable for a broad range of domains, or use cases, which structure their knowledge by means of SHACL constraints.
    Description: Published
    Description: 274–288
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: The ability to predict the mobility of rock avalanches is necessary when designing strategies to mitigate the risks they pose. A popular mobility indicator of the flow front is the Heim’s apparent friction coefficient muH. In the field, muH shows a decrease in value as flow volume V increases. But this correlation has been a mystery as to whether it is due to a causal relationship between V and mobility since: (1) field data of muH do not collapse onto a single curve because typically widely scattered and (2) laboratory experiments have shown an opposite volume effect on the center of mass mobility of miniature flows. My numerical simulations confirm for the first time the existence of a functional relationship of scaling parameters where muH decreases as V increases in unsteady and nonuniform 3D flows. Data scatter is caused by muH that is affected by numerous other variables besides V. The interplay of these variables produces different granular regimes with opposite volume effects. In particular, muH decreases as V increases in the regime characterized by a relatively rough subsurface. The relationship holds for large-scale flows that, like rock avalanches, consist of a very large number of fine clasts traveling in wide channels. In these dense flows, flow front mobility increases as flow volume increases, as channel width increases, as grain size decreases, as basal friction decreases and as flow scale increases. Larger-scale flows are more mobile because they have larger Froude number values.
    Description: In press
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Pyroclastic Flows ; Rock Avalanches ; Flow Front ; Mobility
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Springer, 24 p., pp. 281-304, ISBN: 9783031455537
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Calving of iceberg at ice shelves and floating glacier tongues is a poorly understood process, hence a physically motivated calving law is not yet existing. The demands on developing appropriate models for calving is large, as calving rates are needed for large scale ice sheet models that simulate the evolution of ice sheets. Here, we present a new approach for simulating fracture in ice. Our model is based on a finite strain theory for a viscoelastic Maxwell material, as the large simulation time leads to high strains. The fracturing process is simulated using a fracture phase field model that takes into account the elastic strain energy. We conduct simulations for a typical calving front geometry, with ice rises governing the formation of cracks. To represent the stress state adequately, we first conduct a spin-up to allow the viscous contribution to develop before the fracture phase field is computed. The analysis comprises the assessment of the crack path in comparison to observations, the influence of the spin-up, as well as elastic versus viscous strain contributions based on Hencky strain. Additionally, an estimate of released energy based on high resolution optical imagery of a Greenlandic calving front is presented.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-03-12
    Description: We have provided the first estimate of scat- tering and intrinsic attenuation for the Gargano Prom- ontory (Southern Italy) analyzing 190 local earthquakes with M L ranging from 1.0 to 2.8. To separate the intrin- sic Q i and scattering Q s quality factors with the Wen- nerberg approach (1993), we have measured the direct S waves and coda quality factors ( Q 𝛽 , Q c ) in the same volume of crust. Q 𝛽 parameter is derived with the coda normalization method (Aki 1980) and Q c factor is derived with the coda envelope decay method (Sato 1977). We selected the coda envelope by performing an automatic picking procedure from T start = 1.5T S up to 30 s after origin time (lapse time T L ). All the obtained quality factors clearly increase with frequency. The Q c values correspond to those recently obtained for the area. The estimated Q i are comparable to the Q c at all frequencies and range between 100 and 1000. The Q s parameter shows higher values than Q i , except for 8 Hz, where the two estimates are closer. This implies a pre- dominance of intrinsic attenuation over the scattering attenuation. Furthermore, the similarity between Q i and Q c allows us to interpret the high Q c anomaly previ- ously found in the northern Gargano Promontory up to a depth of 24 km, as a volume of crust characterized by very low seismic dumping produced by conversion of seismic energy into heat. Moreover, most of the earth- quake foci fall in high Q i areas, indicating lower level of anelastic dumping and a brittle behavior of rocks.
    Description: Published
    Description: 827-846
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic attenuation · Coda normalization method · Intrinsic quality factor · Scattering quality factor · Southern Italy · Gargano Promontory · OTRIONS seismic network ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: When a lava flow enters a body of water, either a lake, sea, river or ocean, explosive interaction may arise. However, when it is an 'a'ā lava flow entering water, a more complex interaction occurs, that is very poorly described and documented in literature. In this paper, we analysed the 2–4 ka San Bartolo lava flow field emplaced on the north flank of Stromboli volcano, Italy. The lava flow field extends from ~ 650 m a.s.l. where the eruptive fissure is located, with two lava channels being apparent on the steep down to the coast. Along the coast the lava flow field expands to form a lava delta ~ 1 km wide characterised by 16 lava ‘Flow’ units. We performed a field survey to characterise the features of lava entering the sea and the associated formation of different components and magnetic measurements to infer the flow fabrics and emplacement process of the lava flow system. We measured the density, porosity and connectivity of several specimens to analyse the effect of lava-water interaction on the content in vesicles and their connectivity and conducted a macroscopic componentry analysis (clast count) at selected sites to infer the character of the eroded offshore segment of the lava flow field and its component flow units. The collected data allowed us to define the main components of a lava delta fed by 'a'ā lava flows, with its channels, littoral units, ramps, lava tubes, and inflated pāhoehoe flows controlled by the arterial 'a'ā flow fronts. The spatial organisation of these components allowed us to build a three-step descriptive model for 'a'ā entering a water. The initial stage corresponds to the entry of channel-fed 'a'ā lava flow into the sea which fragments to form metric blocks of 'a'ā lava. Continued lava supply to the foreshore causes flow units to stall while spreading over this substrate. Subsequent 'a'ā lava flow units ramp up behind the stalled flow front barrier. Lava tubes extending through the stalled flow barrier feed the seaward extension of a bench made of several pāhoehoe flow units.
    Description: Open access funding provided by Università degli Studi di Torino within the CRUI-CARE Agreement. This project is a part of RS PhD project. This research was funded by MIUR ex-60% attributed to EZ and PhD grants-Budget 10% attributed to RS. Also, it was partially funded by the Project FIRST (ForecastIng eRuptive activity at Stromboli volcano: Timing, eruptive style, size, intensity, and duration), INGV-Progetto Strategico Dipartimento Vulcani 2019 (Delibera n. 144/2020). This is contribution no. 637 of the ClerVolc program of the International Research Center for Disaster Sciences and Sustainable Development of the University of Clermont Auvergne.
    Description: Published
    Description: 50
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stromboli volcano ; flank eruptions ; Lava flows
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Groundwater is a vital resource for humans, non-human species, and ecosystems. It has allowed the development of human evolution and civilizations throughout history (e.g., Wittfogel 1956, Tempelhoff et al. 2009, Cuthbert and Ashley 2014, Roberts 2014). However, it faces multiple potential threats that make it vulnerable and fragile. Climate change and human activities are the primary causes that have led to water cycle disruptions, particularly a decline in groundwater quality and quantity (e.g., Gleeson et al. 2020, Chaminé et al. 2022, Richardson et al. 2023). Climate variability has induced droughts, floods, and other extreme weather conditions, significantly impacting groundwater in many regions. Meanwhile, human activities such as over-abstraction, ground contamination, deforestation, land-use change, and other anthropogenic pressures have further compromised groundwater status. Nonetheless, groundwater continues to fulfill water demands in many regions or during specific periods. Therefore, concerted efforts are imperative to ensure its sustainability. So, conservation practices and nature-based solutions must be adopted to efficiently manage groundwater and shield it from additional potential hazards or risks (e.g., contamination, pollution, or over-abstraction). Failure to act quickly can result in the loss of this critical resource, with severe consequences for the economy, society, and ecosystems. From this perspective, it is imperative to prioritize actions underscored by technical-scientific integrity, environmental responsibility, societal sensitivity, and ethical practices.
    Description: Published
    Description: 97
    Description: OS: Terza missione
    Description: OSA5: Energia e georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: groundwater ; resource management ; sustainability ; hydrogeoethics ; geoethics ; societal well-being ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.04. Geology ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-12-18
    Description: Cephalopods are well known for their cognitive capabilities and unique behavioural repertoires. Yet, certain life strategies and behaviours are still not fully understood. For instance, coastal octopuses have been documented (mainly through citizen science and TV documentaries) to occasionally leave the water and crawl in intertidal areas. Yet, there is a complete lack of knowledge on this behaviour's physiological and biochemical basis. Within this context, this study aimed to investigate, for the first time, physiological (routine and maximum metabolic rates and aerobic scope) and biochemical (i.e., antioxidant enzymes activities, heat shock protein and ubiquitin levels, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation) responses of the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris, to emersion. The octopuses’ physiological performance was determined by measuring metabolic rates in different emersion treatments and biochemical markers. The size-adjusted maximum metabolic rates (MMRadj) of octopuses exposed to 2:30 min of air exposure followed by re-immersion did not differ significantly from the MMRadj of the chased individuals (control group). Yet, most biochemical markers revealed no significant differences among the different emersion treatments. Our findings showed that O. vulgaris could tolerate exposure to short-term emersion periods due to an efficient antioxidant machinery and cellular repair mechanisms. Alongside, we argue that the use of atmospheric air through the mucus-covered gills and/or cutaneous respiration may also help octopus withstand emersion and crawling on land.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-01-07
    Description: The sustainability of southern Africa’s natural and managed marine and terrestrial ecosystems is threatened by overuse, mismanagement, population pressures, degradation, and climate change. Counteracting unsustainable development requires a deep understanding of earth system processes and how these are affected by ongoing and anticipated global changes. This information must be translated into practical policy and management interventions. Climate models project that the rate of terrestrial warming in southern Africa is above the global terrestrial average. Moreover, most of the region will become drier. Already there is evidence that climate change is disrupting ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. This is likely to continue in the foreseeable future, but impacts can be partly mitigated through urgent implementation of appropriate policy and management interventions to enhance resilience and sustainability of the ecosystems. The recommendations presented in the previous chapters are informed by a deepened scientific understanding of the relevant earth system processes, but also identify research and knowledge gaps. Ongoing disciplinary research remains critical, but needs to be complemented with cross-disciplinary and transdisciplinary research that can integrate across temporal and spatial scales to give a fuller understanding of not only individual components of the complex earth-system, but how they interact.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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