ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Springer  (177,357)
  • Copernicus
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 1970-1974  (177,550)
Collection
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 74 (1973), S. 323-348 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Topographie und Histologie der Speicheldrüsen vonPolyxenus lagurus, Craspedosoma rawlinsii undSchizophyllum sabulosum werden lichtund elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht und beschrieben. 2. P. lagurus besitzt nur eine paarige Glandula salivalis in den ersten beiden Rumpfsegmenten und im Hinterkopf lateral vom Darm. Ihr Ausführkanal mündet auf dem Gnathochilarium in den Präoralraum. Die Drüse ist in eine Haupt- und eine Nebendrüse untergliedert. Beide Abschnitte unterscheiden sich elektronenmikroskopisch. 3. C. rawlinsii besitzt im Vorderkopf zwei Paar Glandulae salivales anteriores und eine paarige Glandula salivalis lateralis, die auf dem Epipharynx in den Präoralraum münden. Die Ausführkanale von zwei paarigen Glandulae salivales maxillares münden dagegen in die Ausführgänge der Maxillarnephridien. Ihre Speicheldrüsenfunktion wird nicht zuletzt deshalb angezweifelt. Ein Paar langer Glandulae salivales posteriores erstreckt sich vom Mitteldarm durch den gesamten Vorderrumpf und mündet auf dem Gnathochilarium beiderseits vom Hypopharynx in den Präoralraum. 4. Sch. sabulosum besitzt eine paarige Glandula salivalis anterior in Vorderkopf und eine paarige Glandula salivalis posterior im Vorderrumpf. Ihre Ausführkanäle münden auf dem Epipharynx bzw. auf dem Gnathochilarium in den Präoralraum.
    Notes: Summary 1. Topography and histology of the salivary glands ofPolyxenus lagurus, Craspedosoma rawlinsii andSchizophyllum sabulosum were studied by light and electron microscopy and are described. 2. InP. lagurus there is only one paired glandula salivalis in the first two metameres of the trunc and the back of the head laterally to the gut. Its exretory duct opens into the preoral cavity on the gnathochilarium. The gland is divided in a main gland and a secondary gland. Electron microscopy reveals an obvious difference between the two segments. 3. C. rawlinsii possess two pairs of glandulae salivales anteriores and a paired glandula salivalis lateralis in the front of the head, which open into the preoral cavity at the epipharynx. The exretory ducts of the two paired glandulae salivales maxillares, however, open into the ducts of the maxillary nephridia. Therefore their salivary function is called in question. A pair of long glandulae salivales posteriores extend from mid-gut throughout the anterior part of the trune and opens into the preoral cavity on both sides of the hypopharynx at the gnathochilarium. 4. Sch. sabulosum possess a paired glandula salivalis anterioris at the front of the head and a paired glandula salivalis posterioris in the anterior part of the trunc. Their exretory ducts open into the preoral cavity at the epipharynx and the gnathochilarium respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The histological structure of the veliger of Cymbulia peroni is described at the stage close to metamorphosis and during the metamorphosis. Major transformations are observed in the tegument and in the digestive system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Certain temperatures and H-Ion concentrations are necessary for the development of male and female reproductive organs. The differentiation of the reproductive system from undifferentiated cells conforms precisely with data on other species of Stenostomum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 68 (1970), S. 37-68 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The histology of the four types of silk gland, occurring in the wolf spider Pardosa amentata are given. The changes in epithelium height, lumen breadth and size of the granules were studied in relation to silk production in the sub-adult and adult stage of the life-cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 68 (1970), S. 127-139 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ossification of the limb bones in newborn primates has been studied roentgenographically in 5 species of Prosimiae and 6 species of Simiae. These observations were compared with earlier data and discussed with regard whether they should be classified as altricial or precocial animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The gross morphology and ultrastructure of the Malpighian tubules and hindgut in adults of the water bug Cenocorixa bifida (Hung.) is described. These are compared with similar structures in other insects with a view to relating the observed structure with potential function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 68 (1970), S. 343-369 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To facilitate further physiological investigation, a survey was undertaken of all the slit sense organs to be found on the body of the spider Cupiennius salei. We counted and mapped more than 3 000 sensory slits in the cuticle about half of which are combined to small groups of up to 29 slits forming compound or lyriform organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three non-homologous structures act as intromittent organs: ligula (Zygoptera), hamuli posteriores (Anisozygoptera, ), vesica spermalis (Anisoptera). Ligula and vesica spermalis are anchored by means of hydraulically working “gland”-structures, Ligula-Schwellkörper and Vesica spermalis-Schwellkörper respectively. A sperm-pump (Ausspritzkammer) extends the function of Vesica spermalis-Schwellkorper in non-aeschnoid Anisoptera, a group found to be monophyletic. The study includes a depiction of the peripheral abdominal nerves of larva and imago.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The process of pigmentation of oil-droplets in the retina of three reptiles has been investigated with regard to ontogeny. — The ability of these animals to perceive colors was tested on different stages of life. Young Lacerta vivipara, with still uncolored oil-droplets., show optomotoric reactions to colors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 72 (1972), S. 331-340 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The larval eye of the deep-sea fish Cataetyx memorabilis differs from the eye of the adult in several morphological facts: Its position is lateral, the shape is circular, the diameter is 30% of the head's length. (In the adult: position of eyes is dorsal, shape of eye is oval and the main axis corresponds to 8.3 % of the head's length.) 2. Anatomically 9 different retinal layers can be distinguished in the larval eye, with the bipolar cell—and the ganglion cell layer being the widest ones. 3. Ultrastructural investigations revealed grouped photoreceptors, rod-shaped pigment granules and lipid bodies in the choroid. 4. Serial sections allowed the reconstruction of the path of the optic nerve from the anterior-ventral part of the eye to the anterior-lateral zone of the brain. 5. Despite the larval character of the absence of outer segments, the larval eye seems to be suited for life in the mesopelagial, for it shows the typical adaptations to vision in twilight zones, e.g. enlargement of eye, pupil and lens; ratio of photoreceptor- to bipolar- to ganglion cell bodies 100:20:20 (i.e. grouped photoreceptors); absence of large posterior chamber and presence of lipid particles in the choroid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La structure décrite présente certainly des caractéristiques des sensilles olfactives classées dans la catégoric basiconica de Schneider et Steinbrecht (1968). Mais son étude ultrastructurale met en évidence plusieurs traits originaux. Seule la région apicale du pro cessus externe présente des perforations. L'épaisseur de la cuticule varie, de la base au sommet. Un épaississement cuticulaire situé sous la couronne perforée délimite deux chambers, dans lesquelles la perception olfactive pourrait se faire selon deux modalités. Le système dendritique largement ramifié semble avoir des rapports étroits avec le système pores-tubules périphériques. II s'agit d'un récepteur polyneuronique; le nombre des cellules sensorielles est élevé (supérieur à 30).
    Notes: Summary This new structure showed some of the caraeteristies of the basiconica olfactory senszlla — in the classification of Schneider and Steinbrecht (1968); but several original features appeared by electron microscopy study. The thickness of the cuticle is variable along the external process from the bottom to the tip: only the apical part bears ranges of pores; below (on 1 μ) the cuticle forms a thickening which defines two chambers; in each of them, it is possible that the olfactory perception is according to different modalities. The dendrites are branched and are certainly closed to the pore-tubules system. It is a polyneuronic receptor; the number of the sensory ells is upper than 30.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 73 (1972), S. 45-61 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary From comparisons between bat wing structures and aerofoils and high-lift devices with known aerodynamic data, from the aeronautical literature, deductions are made regarding the function of some bat wing structures. Special arrangements in the hand wing add to rigidity and reduce the demands for powerful muscles and thick digits, thereby reducing the mass of the wing. 1. The anterior part of the wing, formed by the membrane parts anterior to the arm and third digit, is proportionally broad in megachiropteran bats as well as in many broad-winged microchiropteran bats. These parts can be lowered by the thumb and by pronation of the manus, and may together function as a leading edge flap. Leading edge flaps of aeroplanes permit, when lowered, higher angles of attack without separation, and thus higher lift coefficients. The leading edge in bats is very sharp, which increases the effectiveness of the leading edge flap. 2. The Reynolds number of bat wings lies in an interesting range, where the lift coefficient can be improved by induced turbulence of the boundary layer. The arm and digits, projecting markedly over the dorsal surface of the wing, and hair may function as turbulence generators. 3. The tension forces of the membrane on the digits have different effects upon the different digits, depending on the tautness of the surrounding membrane parts. The second digit and distal phalanx of the third digit are exposed mostly to bending in the membrane plane. The phalanges of the fourth and fifth digits are exposed to large dorsoventral bending. 4. Two arrangements add to relieving the distal part of the wing of large tension forces, thereby reducing the demand for a powerful extensor muscle of the distal phalanx (-ges) of the third digit: 1. The fourth and fifth digits act to alter the direction of tension. 2. By splitting the wing membrane in several parts by the digits, the second and third phalanges (the second in fruit-bats) of the third digit, which constitute the distal part of the wing's leading edge, are exposed to tension forces transformed from forces only from the nearest patagium. If the wing membrane would be outstretched only by one digit, as was the case in pterosaurs, the leading edge digit would have to resist the tension forces transformed from forces from the entire membrane posterior to the arm. 5. The fourth digit is angled in such a way that the proximal part of the membrane between the third and fourth digits is kept very taut, and the fourth metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints are held very steady without any need of large muscular forces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This article deals with the gross and microscopic anatomy of the tongue and tongue region of the lower jaw of Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyriformes, Teleostei). The osteology coincides largely with that of Mormyrus caschive; the cranial muscles differ from those of most other fish through the absence of the m. intermandibularis posterior. The innervation of the tongue appears to be by the ramus palatinus superior n. facialis (VII). Microscopically the overall picture of the tongue is that of a deflated tube which consists at the outer portion of a compact continuous fibrous connective tissue surrounding an inner part which contains mainly loosely arranged collagen and reticular or elastic fibers with a few cells and little recognizable matrix. A comparison is made between the tongue structure of G. petersii and those of three other bony fish, Phoxinus phoxinus (Cyprinoidei), Plecoglossus altivelis (Salmonoidei) and Polypterus (Braehyopterygii).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die männliche Clunio-Imago ist für etwa 2 Std aktiv. Während dieser Zeit wird ihr Postabdomen bis zur permanenten Inversion des Hypopygiums tordiert. Das Gesamtabdomen verkürzt sich infolge der Torsion des Postabdomens und der Retraktion der Präabdomensegmente um ein Drittel. In der ersten Minute nach der Imaginalhäutung wird das Hypopygium bereits um 90° gedreht. Die gleichzeitige Verkurzung macht 2/3 des endgültigen Betrags aus. Die Männchen Bind in dieser Situation bereits kopulationsfähig. Torsion und Verkürzung werden durch die Kopulation verstärkt. 2. Anatomische Untersuchungen deckten ein kompliziertes System schräg und überkrenz verlaufender Dorsal-, Lateral- und Ventralmuskeln auf. Eine Spezialisierung der Muskulatur des Postabdomens auf Rotationsbewegungen ist festzustellen. 3. Die in Verhaltensstudien beobachteten feinkoordinierten Torsiousbewegungen sowie die Ergebnisse aus Schnürungsexperimenten führen zu der Auffassung, daß die Inversion des Hypopygiums nicht als eine Summe von drei isoliert ablaufenden Segmentrotationen zu verstehen ist. Das Postabdomen wird vielmehr als ein Funktionsgefüge angesehen, in dem homologe und heterologe Muskeln einem über die Segmentgrenzen hinweggreifenden synergistischen Prinzip unterworfen sind. Es lassen sich für jede Torsionsrichtung fünf Muskelschlingen nachweisen, die das Postabdomen jeweils um etwa 200° in spiraligem Verlauf umfassen. 4. Modellberechnungen ergaben, daß sich die dorsalen and ventralen Rotationsmuskeln um mehr als 50% ihrer Ausgangslänge in situ verkürzen müssen, wean sie ihr jeweiliges Insertionssegment um 60° drehen. Die schräge Lateralmuskulatur kann dagegen nur an einer Initialrotation beteiligt sein, weil ihr Abstand zur Körperlängsachse zu groß ist. Die Leistungen der Rotationsmuskeln werden unter Heranziehung der aus der Literatur bekannten Tatsaehen über die Kontraktionsfähigkeit von Skelettmuskeln diskutiert. 5. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Abdomentorsion und Paarungsverhalten bei Clunio marinas wird unter vergleichend ethologischen Gesichtspunkten erörtert. Die Konstruktionsmerkmale der äußeren weiblichen und männlichen Geschlechtsorgane bei allen Nematoceren scheinen darin übereinzustimmen, daß sie eine Kopulation nur ermöglichen, wenn sich die Abdomenspitzen der Partner in Oppositionsstellung befinden und das männliche Hypopygium invertiert ist. Arten, die wie Clunio die Kopulation in der „face-to-face”-Stellung beginnen, and solche, die aus der „face-to-back”-Stellung in die „end-to-end”-Stellung übergehen, erreichen these Inversion über eine Rotation des Hypopygiums und weiterer Abdominalsegmente. Dies führt zu einer permanenten oder temporären Torsion des Postabdomens. 6. Torsion und Verkürzung des Abdomens. ergeben eine Erhöhung der Röhrenfestigkeit des Abdomens und eine Vorverlagerung des Körperschwerpunkts. Dies bringt dem Clunio-M ännchen mechanische Vorteile beim Tragen des apteren Weibchens während des Paarungsflugs. 7. Der Sexualdimorphismus bei Clunio marinas geht mit einhm „ethologischen Sexualdimorphismus” einher. Die Immobilität des Weibchens sowie die besonderen Verhaltensweisen des Männchens (Aufsuchen der weiblichen Puppe; Befreiung des Weibchens aus der Puppenhülle; Transport zum Eiablageplatz) wirken ebenso wie die Synchronisation der Schlüpfzeiten gegen die Dispersion der Partner innerhalb ihres Lebensraums in der unteren Gezeitenzone.
    Notes: Summary 1. The male imago of Clunio marinas is active for about two hours In this time its postabdomen undergoes a torsion as a result of which the hypopygium is permanently inverted. The whole abdomen is shortened by one third by the torsion of the postabdomen and the retraction of the preabdominal segments. One minute after the shedding of the imago the hypopygium is already turned through 90°. The simultaneous shortening accounts for two thirds of the final amount. 2. Anatomical investigations revealed a complex system of oblique and crossed dorsal, lateral, and ventral muscles. A specialization of the muscular system of the postabdomen for rotary motions can be recognized. 3. The well coordinated torsion motions watched in ethological studies as well as the results from ligation experiments lead to the opinion that the inversion of the hypopygium is not the sum of three isolated segmental rotations. The postabdomen must rather be seen as a functional unit in which homologous and heterologous muscles are ruled by a synergic principle, which extends over several segments. It can be demonstrated that there are five muscular loops for each direction of torsion, which run about 200° helically around the postabdomen. 4. From calculations on models it follows that the dorsal and the ventral rotary muscles must shorten by more than 50% of their original length in situ when they turn their segments of insertion about 60° around the rotary axis. The oblique lateral muscles, in contrast, can only take part in an initial rotation, because their distances to the longitudinal axis of the body are too great. The effects of the rotary muscles are discussed with reference to the facts about the contractility of skeletal muscles known from the relevant literature. 5. The correlations between the abdominal torsion and the mating behaviour in Clunio marinas are discussed from the point of view of comparative ethology. The constructional attributes of the female and male external genital organs in all nematocerous insects seem to be similar as they allow copulation only when the ends of the abdomens of the sexual partners are facing each other and when the male hypopygium is inverted. Species which begin their copulation like Clunio in the face-to-face position, and those which change from an initial face-to-back position into an end-to-end position get to this inversion by rotation of the hypopygium and some other abdominal segments. The results of this are permanent or temporary torsions of the postabdomen. 6. Torsion and shortening of the abdomen increases the tubular stability of the abdominal exoskeleton and the centre of gravity of the insect's body is shifted forward. This brings mechanical advantages to the Clunio male while carrying the wingless female during the mating flight. 7. The sexual dimorphism in Clunio marinus includes an “ethological sexual dimorphism”. The immobility of the female and the particular behaviour of the male (catching the female pupa; stripping off the pupal skin of the female; transport to the place where the eggs can be deposited) as well as the synchronization of the times of emergence work against the dispersion of the sexual partners in their habitat in the inferior tidal zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 66 (1970), S. 212-223 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Every joint of the walking legs and the pedipalps of the tarantula is equipped with at least 2 groups of proprioceptors. There is a total of 18 groups containing around 135 neurones. They lie at the most “strategic” points, i.e. right at the pivots, where stress and strain are maximal during movements. The greatest number, namely 5 groups, is to be found at the coxotrochanteral joint, a ball and socket joint that permits movements in nearly every plane. At least some of the receptor cells are multipolar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 66 (1970), S. 310-322 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Comparative finestructural studies on the integument of 18 polychaetes belonging to 14 families were conducted. Main differences are to be found in the organisation of the cytoplasm (homogenous or vacuolated) and the occurrence of layers of fibers between the apical microvilli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 67 (1970), S. 1-15 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The development of the head segments, especially of the procephalon is described. Formation and differentiation of the mesodermal and ectodermal structures show that the head consists of an acron and six segments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 67 (1970), S. 40-57 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The arrangement of lateral line sense organs in 4 families of nonrelated surface feeding fishes is described. Although lateral line sense organs in these fishes show great variability they are all sensitive to surface waves. Morphological differences are emphasized and discussed functionally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructure of a lateral organ in the head of Polyxenus lagurus which has been recently erroneously termed “cerebral gland” is described. It turned out to be a neurohaemal organ and not a gland, apparently homologous to the organ of Gabe of the luliformia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 71 (1972), S. 180-188 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hitherto essential features of the hip musculature of the orang-utan are still not known completely, although they are of special interest for phylogenetical considerations. As a first step to a more complete knowledge of the muscular system of this animal the author clarifies the homologies of the superficial gluteal musculature on the basis of new dissections. The findings reveal important viewpoints for discusion on the phylogenetical interconnections between the Hominoidea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 71 (1972), S. 299-327 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The muscle and skeleton anatomy of the pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins are described in 3 Salariin Blenniidae: Salarias fasciatus (sublittoral), Istiblennius edentulus (eulittoral), Alticus kirkii (supralittoral). In A. kirkii these organs are adapted to a climbing habit on the steep rocks beyond the water. The results are compared with those found in Periophthalmus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The neurosecretory cells (NSC) in the breeding phases show gigantic sized droplets. NSC show two peaks of activity in females at midnight and at 9 A.M., while a single peak occurs in males between midnight and 3 A.M. Light has a triggering effect on the neurosecretory release. The corpus cardiacum is the main neurohaemal organ. It has a nerve core formed by the nervi corpus cardiacum I and II, which is surrounded by the glandular region. Intrinsic secretory chromophilic cells and chromophobic cells occur randomly. Aorta is probably not a storage-release centre. The corpora allata are lobulated structures, showing cyclical activity which is correlated with egg-maturation. No neurosecretory material occurs in allatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 72 (1972), S. 131-172 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The jaws of the family Gnathostomulidae have four major parts (fig. 80) : articularium, involucrum, dentarium, and suspensorium. 2. The articularium is highly specialized and fully freed from functions other than articulation of the jaws and the prevention of twisting motions. It consists of a symphysis lamella, joined by a symphysis in vertical position. 3. The involucrum is a specialization in the higher families of the Scleroperalia and the Austrognathiidae. In Gnathostomulidae it is of medium length with a well-defined caudal end, surrounding an apertura caudalis. From there a much thinner tectum lateralis continues. It is formed by a dorsal extension of the lamella interna which bends-as lamella externa-laterally and then ventrally, leaving only a fissure-like opening medioventrally: the incisura ventralis. 4. The dentarium consists of a thin lamella interna, which is always thickened in three portions, forming the arcus dorsalis, medialis, and ventralis. These arcs form the bases of the teeth. The arcus medialis also bears the strong dens terminalis. The dentation is more complicated and minute than the light microscope can resolve. An incisura dorsalis is found in few cases, cutting into the lamella interna from the caudal end. 5. The suspensorium is specialized into two portions: an anchorage part at the more fixed end., and an apophysis part nearer the moving ends of the jaw system. a) The cuticularized parts of the cauda system are always paired, but can be symmetrically or asymmetrically developed. In the first case the cuticularized caudae are tube- or cushion-like; in the latter case they are tubeshaped again, but a cauda dorsalis and a cauda ventralis can be distinguished. b) The apophyses are wing-shaped only distally, proximally they are differentiated (fibularized) into two fibulae functioning as cuticularized sinews: the fibula medialis originates at the ventrocaudal end of the lamella interna, the fibula lateralis at the ventral margin of the lamella externa. Together they form the fenestra ventralis, varying in dimension. c) In addition a fibula radialis is developed, strengthening the apertura caudalis of the involucrum. This fibula originates at the connecting point of the ventrocaudal end of the lamella externa and the fibula lateralis and it inserts in the caudal portion of the lamella interna either ventrally or dorsally. In the latter case it seems to be replaced by a sinew. Corresponding to its position it may bisect the fenestra ventralis into a fenester ventrocaudalis and ventrofrontalis and/or the apertura caudalis into a apertura caudolateralis and caudomedialis. 6. The basal plate is composed of three major parts: pars centralis, pars alaris, and the serrula. 7. The pars centralis forms a roof-like structure originating on the basis denticis, on top of the transverse axis, or the dorsum alae, of the wing system. A strong dens medialis forms the ridge of the roof, while groups of teeth form the margins. 8. The pars alaris consists of a dorsum alae—the stronger middle part, stretched in transverse direction. On both ends it bifurcates, thus forming five separate areas within the pars alaris: two are paired-the alae frontales and the alae laterales—and the unpaired mediocaudal portion, the tectum caudalis, which is much thinner. These portions seem to correspond to the widely representative five-partition of the alae in basal plates of Gnathostomulida. 9. The distal portion of the frontomedial margin of the alae frontales always bears a flat, scale-like dentation: the serrulae. Only in the genus Gnatliostomula does the proximal portion of this margin not end freely; it bends medially underneath the pars centralis. There the two sides meet and form an infundibulum. In this construction the originally paired serrulae continue proximally and fuse medially on the infundibulum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 72 (1972), S. 173-202 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfawung Mit vorliegender Untersuchung wird der bisher unklare Mechanismus der Autotomie bei Spinnen (Araneae) geklärt. Als Objekte wurden Vertreter aus den Familien Philodromidae, Lycosidae and Agelenidae verwendet. Die Autotomie erfolgt bei diesen Spinnengruppen stets an einer bei alien Laufbeinen vorhandenen präformierten Stelle zwischen Coxa and Trochanter. Ein direkt proportionaler Zusammenhang zwischen der relativen Länge der Extremitäten und der Häufigkeit ihrer Amputation lieβ sich finden. Die Autotomie erfolgte im Versuch bei Quetschung der proximalen Beinglieder, beginnend im allgemeinen ab Tibia. Das gilt fur alle Laufbeine. Reizeinwirkung leitet die Autotomie ein, indem Coxa, Trochanter and Femur eine besondere Lage zueinander einnehmen, so daß sich die Interartikularhaut zwischen Coxa and Trochanter dorsal median spannt. Wird der Reiz fiber ein fur das Tier erträgliches MaB hinaus gesteigert, so zuckt die Coxa jäh nach oben, wahrend das Femur durch seine relative Unbeweglichkeit als Widerlager fungiert. Der zwischen beiden liegende Trochanter maß deshalb durch entsprechende Drehbewegung zwischen der Dynamik der Coxa and der Statik des Femur ausgleichen, indem er sich dorsal weiter von der Hüfte wegbewegt und so eine Kraft erzeugt, die sich voll auf die Gelenkhaut zwischen Coxa and Trochanter auswirkt and ihre dorsal median beginnende Ablosung vom Trochanter zur Folge hat. Die besonderen anatomischen Verhältnisse bedingen, daß these ,zerreiβende Kraft" 50% gröβer als die aufgewendete Kraft der Coxa ist. Sie wirkt zuerst auf einen Sklerit (Nr. II) ein, mit dem die dorsale mediane Gelenkhaut auf dem, proximalen Trochanterrand verwachsen ist. Unterstützt wird die Amputation durch eine wirkungsvolle and rasche Abstandsvergrößerung zwischen dem. oberen Coxa- and Trochanterrand, da besonders diejenige Kreisbahn, die der dorsale proximale Trochanterrand beschreibt, eine starke Krümmung auf-weist. Der geschilderte Bewegungsablauf wahrend der Autotomie war bei den untersuchten Objekten der genannten Familien gleich. Bei Pardosa und Tegenaria überträgt eine zusätzliche Bildung, der schräg verlaufende Sklerit Nr. IIIa, einen Teil der von der Hüfte erzeugten zerreißenden Kraft direkt and konzentriert auf den Ort der beginnenden Autotomie. Der Zug eines Angreifers an einem Bein und der Gegenzug der Spinne spielen keine ausschlaggebende Rolle. Die Amputation beginnt mit der Ablosung des Sklerits Nr. II von seiner Verwachsungsstelle mit dem Trochanter; da aber gerade an ihm keine Muskeln ansetzen, kann die direkte Beteiligung der Hüftmuskulatur verneint werden. Der Amputationsort wird nur von einem Muskel gequert, der sich äuBerst leicht von seiner Insertion im Trochanter lost, wahrend die restlichen 7 Muskeln sämtlich an den verdickten Gelenkhauträndern angreifen. Die Verwachsungsstellen der Sklerite mit dem Trochanter sind weniger zugbelastungsfähig als die Verbindung der Muskeln mit den betreffenden Skleriten. Diese indirekte Wirkung der Muskeln auf den Trochanter deutet ebenfalls auf die Tatsache hin, daβ es sich bei dem Amputationsort um eine präformierte Stelle handelt. Wegen der geringen Wahrscheinlichkeit der Verletzung eines Pedipalpus ist die Fähigkeit zur Amputation dieser verkürzten Laufbeine bei Pardosa und Tegenaria verschwunden; außerdem liegt die schwächste Stelle dieser Gliedmaßen zwischen Trochanter and Femur. Bei Philodromus ist wegen des laterigraden Typus die Möglichkeit der Verletzung zu 1 % noch gegeben. Aus diesem Grund dürfte sich hier die Fähigkeit zur Autotomie zwischen Coxa and Trochanter erhalten haben. Sowohl bei Philodromus als auch bei Pardosa and Tegenaria fand sich — jedoch nur an der Amputationsstelle der Laufbeine — ein ausgezeichnet funktionierender Wundverschluβ: Sklerit Nr. I and III werden dabei durch Muskelzug und Druck der Hamolymphe „wie die beiden Klappen eines Hausmüllschluckers” aufeinander zubewegt and die Wunde geschlossen. Dieser Mechanismus, Bowie ihr Vermögen einer Kompensation verlorengegangener Beine durch geschickte Verwendung der verbliebenen, beweist ebenfalls die vollendete Anpassung der Spinnen an den Verlust der Gliedmaβen.
    Notes: Summary With the present study, the previously unknown mechanism of autotomy in spiders is clarified. Specimens of the families Philodromidae, Lycosidae and Agelenidae were used as subjects. In those groups of spiders, autotomy always occurs at a preformed place between coxa and trochanter, a spot found at each leg. A directly proportional relation between the length of the extremities and the frequency of their amputation was to be found. In the experiment autotomy occured when the proximal parts of the leg, generally beginning from tibia, were squeezed. This is true for all legs. Irritation starts autotomy, with coxa, trochanter and femur taking up a particular position, so that the articular membrane between coxa and trochanter tightens at its dorsal median part. If the animal is exposed to a stimulus greater than it can bear, the coxa jerks abruptly upward, while the femur, by its relative immobility, functions as an abutment. Therefore the trochanter, lying between them, has to balance the movement of the coxa with the static quality of the femur by moving its upper part away from the coxa, thus producing a power which takes full effect on the articular membrane between coxa and trochanter, and entails its amputation from trochanter, beginning at its dorsal median part. Because of the particular anatomical conditions, this “breaking power” is 50 % greater than the one produced by the coxa. It first works on a sclerite (No. II), with which the dorsal median articular membrane is connected on the proximal rim of trochanter. Autotomy is favoured by an effective and rapid increase of the distance between the upper edge of coxa and trochanter, especially as the circular line described by the dorsal proximal edge of trochanter is considerably curved. The described process of autotomy was the same in each detail with every examined specimen of the above-mentioned families. In Pardosa and Tegenaria the additional oblique sclerite Ills, transfers part of the breaking power, produced by coxa, directly and fully to the place where autotomy begins. The pull of an aggressor at one leg and the counter-pull of the spider do not play a decisive part. The amputation is started by detachment of sclerite No. II from its place of connection with trochanter; but as there are no muscles inserted, a direct participation of the muscles of coxa is not involved. The place of amputation is traversed by one muscle only, which detaches itself from its insertion in trochanter very easily, while the remaining seven muscles are all inserted in the thickened rims of the articular membrane. The places where the sclerites are connected with trochanter are less capable of bearing tensile stress than the connection of the muscles with the respective sclerites. The indirect effect of the muscles on trochanter also points to the fact that the place of amputation is preformed. As a pedipalp is not very likely to be injured, the capability of amputation of those extremities is no longer to be found in Pardosa and Tegenaria; moreover, those extremities have their frailest point between trochanter and femur. In Philodromus there is still a 1 % probability of being hurt because of the laterigrade type. For this reason, the capability of autotomy between coxa and trochanter might have been preserved here. In Philodromus as well as in Pardosa and Tegenaria there was an excellent working mechanism for the closing of wounds, however, only at the place of amputation of the legs: sclerite No. I and III are moved towards each other “like the two flaps of a waste-disposer”, and thus the wound is closed. This mechanism, as well as the spiders' capability of compensating lost legs by skilfully making use of the remaining ones, proves their accomplished adaption to the loss of extremities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 75 (1973), S. 51-58 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Hypoblepharina böhmigi sp. n. ist eine kommensalistische Art aus dem Marsupium der AmphipodeCheirimedon femoratus. Sie ist leicht erkennbar durch ihr bogenförmiges Kutikularsteilett mit triangulärem Mundstück. Drei Vertreter derselben Gattung wurden von Böhmig im Jahre 1914 aus 385 m Tiefe in antarktischen Gewässern beschreiben. Vielleicht sind auch diese Arten Kommensalem in Amphipoden. — Die Diagnose der GattungHypoblepharina wird revidiert.
    Notes: Summary This is the first find of aHypoblepharina species since Böhmig's description of this genus in 1914 based on three species from a depth of 385 m in Antarctic waters.H. böhmigi sp. n. lives as commensal in the brood pouch of an amphipod. It is easily recognized by its arched cuticular stylet provided with a triangular mouth-piece and has the same principal anatomical features as the species described by Böhmig. The chance that these species too may be commensal in amphipods, cannot be ignored as it was impossible to establish their true habitat on the basis of the available expedition material. The family Hypoblepharinidae Böhmig is retained but its taxonomic diagnosis is revised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The femoro-tibial joint of the middle leg of Gerris najas is a single-axis hinge with an effective angle of 180°. Morphology and kinematics of this joint are described. Short sclerites are inserted between the tibia and the tendon-like apodemes of its flexor and extensor muscles. Flexible at both ends, the sclerites extend the angle of leverage by 120° in the case of the extensor tibiae and by 60° in the case of the flexor tibiae. The effective lever length was determined quantitatively for the entire 180° (see Fig. 6).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 75 (1973), S. 255-258 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the Bryozoa neither an extreme accentuation nor an extreme denial of the individuality of the zooids in the colonies is in accordance with the observed facts. The brooding organs of the Gymnolaemata have developed independently from the brooding organs of the Phylactolaemata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die tibialen Tympanalorgane von neun einheimischen Laubheuschrecken-Amen wurden genauer untersucht. 2. Besonderes Interesse galt dem Verlauf der Beintrachee and der beiden in die Vorderextremität eintretenden Nerven (Abb. 4). 3. Die Tibien- and “Cristalängen” sowie die Anzahl der Scolopidien der Crista acustica and deren durchschnittliche Länge wurden im Vergleich dargestellt. 4. Bemerkenswert vor allem ist die Artspezifität der “Cristalänge” und der Anzahl der Scolopidien der Hörleiste. 5. Dies läßt vermuten, daß die Perzeption der artspezifischen Stridulation mit Hilfe der Tympanalorgane eng mit der unter 4. dargestellten Erkenntnis korreliert ist.
    Notes: Summary 1. The tibial tympana] organs of nine native bush cricket species have been investigated more closely. 2. Special interest was devoted to the course of the trachea of the front leg and to both nerves which enter the front extremity (Fig. 4). 3. The lengths of the front tibia and “crista”, the number of the scolopidia of the crista acustica and their average length have been illustrated comparatively. 4. The most remarkable feature is the species-specificity of the “crista-length” and of the number of scolopidia of the crista acustica. 5. This implies that the perception of the species-specific stridulation with ted aid of the tympanal organs is closely correlated with the features described in point 4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 75 (1973), S. 297-314 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen an den sekretbildenden Zellen der Speicheldrüsen von Diplopoden ergaben: 1. Die sezernierenden Zellen der Speicheldrüsen von Diplopoden sind typische Drüsenparenchymzellen. Sie Bind von hoch-prismatischer Form. Zwischen den Cytoplasmamembranen benachbarter Zellen ist ein unterschiedlich weites Interzellularsystem entwickelt, in das hinein die Sekretextrusion erfolgt. Zellhafte zwischen den Zellen sind selten; immer sind sie als Zonulae occludentes ausgebildet. 2. Das endoplasmatische Reticulum ist stark entwickelt und immer granulär. Neben engen Zisternen sind häufig vesikuläre Auftreibungen zu sehen, die mit flockigem Material gefüllt sind. In der Nähe von Golgifeldern werden ribosomenfreie Zisternenpartien abgeschnürt, die als Begleitvesikel den Golgikomplex umgeben. Häufig enden ER-Zisternen direkt an Sekretvakuolen. 3. Überall im Cytoplasma treten auch freie Ribosomen auf. Gehäuft findet man sie in der Nähe von Vakuolenballen und zwischen den Membranen des vesikulären ER. Auch den Sekretgrana und der äußeren Kernmembran sitzen regelmäßig Ribosomen an. 4. Die Zellkerne sind gelappt. Ihre Form wird häufig durch die um sie herum dicht gelagerten Sekretvakuolen bestimmt. Das Chromatin ist aufgelockert und gleichmäßig in ilmen verteilt. Der kugelige Nucleolus ist sehr groß und immer deutlich. 5. Golgikomplexe sind zahlreich und polar differenziert. An ihren Zisternenenden werden Prosekretvesikel abgeschnürt; oftmals sind die gesamten Zisternen perlschnurartig untergliedert. Noch in der Nähe der Golgifelder vereinigen sich kleine Prosekretgrana zu größeren Vakuolen. 6. Der Inhalt der Sekretvakuolen ist mit größer werdendem Abstand vom Golgi-komplex elektronenmikroskopisch erkennbaren Veränderungen unterworfen. Diese drücken sich in der Kondensation zu Fibrillen oder Schollen und zunehmender Transparenz der dazwischen gelegenen Bezirke aus. In den Sekretvakuolen einiger Speicheldrüsen lagern sich feine Fibrillen zu tubulären Strukturen zusammen. Diese Tubuli sind oft gebandelt und werden auch in den Interzellularspalten nach der Sekretextrusion oder im Cytoplasma zwischen den Sekretvakuolen gefunden. 7. Mitochondrien kommen bevorzugt zwischen den Membranen des vesikulären ER und Sekretvakuolen angelagert vor. Sie sind von durchschnittlicher Größe und gehören stets dem Crista-Typ an; ihre Matrix ist recht dicht. 8. Die Befunde werden mit den aus der Literatur bekannten Ergebnissen, die an exokrinen Drüsen gewonnen werden, verglichen und hinsichtlich ihrer mutmaßlichen Bedeutung und Funktion diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Examination of the ultrastructure of Secretory cells of the salivary gland by electron microscope in Diplopoda showed: 1. Secretory cells of the salivary glands in diplopods are columnar parenchymal cells. An intercellular system of varying width is developed in cytoplasmic membranes, into which Secretory extrusion takes place. Cells haptosomes are rare, but zonulae occludentes can always be found. 2. The endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) is well-developed and its membranes are covered with ribosomes. As well as narrow cisternae, vesicular swellings containing flaky material are present. Close by, Golgi complexes (part of the ribosome-free cisternae) surround the Golgi apparatus. The ER-cisternae frequently terminate directly at Secretory vacuoles. 3. Free ribosomes are ubiquitous in the cytoplasm. They are frequently found in clumps close to vacuoles and between the membranes of the vesicular ER. As a rule, however, ribosomes are attached to Secretory granules and to the outer membrane of the nucleus. 4. The shape of the lobed nucleus is often determined by the surrounding vacuoles. Chromatin substances are dissolved and evenly distributed within it. The spherical nucleolus appears to be very large and is always distinct. 5. Golgi complexes are numerous and can be determined by polar differentiation. Prosecretory vesicles are cut off at the ends of the cisternae. Quite often whole cisternae appear like strings of beads. Small grana combine to form larger vacuoles even near the Golgi fields. 6. The changeable nature of the contents of the vacuoles is discernable with the electron microscope, as distance increases from the Golgi complex. It is apparent that condensation of fibrils or clods occurs, and the intermediate zones show increased transparency. Within the vacuoles of some salivary glands fine fibrils unite to form tubular structures. These tubules are often bundled and can sometimes be found within the intercellular spaces and within cytoplasm between vacuoles. 7. Mitochondria occur between the membranes of the vesicular ER and attached to vacuoles. They are always of the crista type, and their matrix appears very dense. 8. The results are compared with published data on exocrine glands and their significance and possible applications are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The single auricle of Chaetoderma nitidulum originates as double invaginations of pericardial epithelium; these invaginations lie laterally at the base of an intrapericardial channel and receive blood from a capacious gill sinus into which empty the dorsally situated efferent vessels of the gills. The ventricle and aortal bulb with its strong sphincter change shape markedly during systole and diastole. The auriculo-ventricular valve is a cup-shaped check valve, the blind end facing posteriorly toward the auricle. It is attached medially both dorsally and ventrally to the wall of the auriculo-ventricular opening, thus forming a double passage. The heart of Falcidens remains to be described in detail. The ventricle in neither genus is open to the dorsal sinus. 2. The pericardium in Falcidens caudatus and Chaetoderma nitidulum divides medially around the dorsal gill retractors, forming an intrapericardial channel connecting the gill sinus and dorsal sinus. The pericardium is completely closed off from the dorsal sinus. A pair of lateral V-shaped extensions open ventrally into the coelomoducts. 3. The male coelomoduct openings into the mantle cavity of C. nitidulum and F. caudatus pass through strong sphincters, which may or may not be protruded into papillae. The female openings are slits also surrounded by sphincters. Paired funnel-shaped areas of the mantle wall epithelium of females only are produced into columnar gland cells and surround the openings; their function is not known. 4. The gonad primordium of juvenile C. nitidulum is paired; the anlagen lie in paired coelomic lumina. As in Bivalvia, adults do not distinctly show a paired condition in the ripe gonad. 5. The shape of the heart, the supposed number of auriculo-ventricular openings, and the type of coelomoduct openings into the mantle cavity are not useful taxonomic characters for species differentiation in the family Chaetodermatidae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 76 (1973), S. 145-171 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Auf Grund lichtmikroskopischer und rasterelektronenmikroskopischer Untersuchungen wird das Skeletmuskelsystem des Ovipositors von Raphidia flavipes Stein und R. ophiopsis L. beschrieben. Die Beobachtung der Eiablage ermöglichte eine funktionelle Deutung der anatomischen Strukturen. Die Untersuchung erbrachte folgende Ergebnisse: 1. Bei den Raphidioptera besteht der Ovipositor aus einem paarigen Anhang des 9. und einem unpaaren des 8. Segmentes. Die Anhänge des 9. Segmentes verschmelzen zu einem rinnenförmigen Grundkörper. In diesen ist der unpaare Anhang des S. Segmentes als ventraler Verschluß eingepaßt. Die membranöse Oberseite des Legerohres senkt sich in der Ruhehaltung zu einer tiefen Membranfalte ein. 2. Der Ovipositor der Raphidioptera dient als bewegliche Legesonde, die dank ihrer Flexibilität auch in unregelmäßig gestaltete Hohlräume des Ablagesubstrates eingeführt werden kann. 3. In Anpassung an these Funktion wurde das primär einheitliche Lateralsklerit des Neuropteroiden-Ovipositors bis auf einen mittleren Streif in zahlreiche vertikal stehende Spangen aufgegliedert (Prinzip des flexiblen Metallschlauches). 4. Für die Bewegung des Legerohres steht eine kompliziert angeordnete Eigenmuskulatur zur Verfügung. Diese läßt sich in fünf das Legerohr durchsetzende Systeme unterteilen. 5. Während des Eitransportes werden die beiden Hälften des Legerohr-Grundkörpers in schneller Folge vor- und zurückgeschoben. Dabei arbeiten die beiden Körperseiten alternierend. 6. Die Führung dieser Bewegung übernimmt ein Gleitgelenk zwischen den Grundkörperhälften und dem unpaaren Anhang des 8. Segmentes. Demnach erfüllt der unpaare Anhang des 8. Segmentes die Aufgabe einer Führungsschiene. 7. Die Mitnahme des Eies besorgen kammförmige Strukturen auf der Innenwand des Legerohres, deren Zinken nach hinten gerichtet sind. 8. Es wird vermutet, daß rich an den Schubbewegungen neben der Binnenmuskulatur des Legerohres auch Muskeln des 9. Segmentes beteiligen. 9. Gegenüber der Ruhehaltung wird der Durchmesser des Legerohres während des Eidurchtrittes mehr als verdoppelt. 10. Die Erweiterung des Legerohres erfolgt durch Aufbiegen und Seitwärtsverlagern seiner Lateralsklerite. Zugleich wird die dorsale Membranfalte völlig ausgeglichen.
    Notes: Summary The skeleto-muscular system of the ovipositor of Raphidia flavipes and R. ophiopsis is described. Observation of egg laying allowed a functional interpretation of the anatomical structures. The following results were achieved: 1. In the Raphidioptera the ovipositor consists of a paired appendix of the 9th and an unpaired appendix of the 8th segment. The appendices of the 9th segment are fused together to form a groovelike structure. The unpaired appendix of the 8th segment fits into this, closing it ventrally. The membranous upper side of this tube is inserted as a deep membrane fold in the resting position. 2. The ovipositor of the Raphidioptera acts as a movable egg-laying probe which, owing to its flexibility, can also be introduced into irregular cavities of the substratum where the eggs are laid. 3. As an adaptation to this function the primarily undivided lateral sclerite of the neuropteroid ovipositor was segmented, except for a central strip, into numerous vertical clasps (according to the principle of a flexible metallic hose). 4. An intricately arranged musculature moves the ovipositor. It can be divided into five systems which permeate the ovipositor. 5. During transport of the egg the two halves of the groove are pushed forwards and backwards in quick sequence. The two sides work alternately. 6. These movements are guided by a gliding link between the groove and the unpaired appendix of the 8th segment. Consequently this unpaired appendix serves as a guiding slat. 7. The transport of the egg is brought about by comb-like structures situated on the interior walls of the ovipositor, the teeth of which are directed backwards. 8. It is supposed that for the pushing movements not only the genuine ovipositor muscles are used but also muscles of the 9th segment. 9. During passage of the egg the diameter of the ovipositor is more than twice the diameter in the resting position. 10. The expansion of the ovipositor results from a curving up and sideward shifting of the lateral sclerites. At the same time the dorsal membrane fold is made completely even by the expansion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Adult males and females of the pentastomid Reighardia sternae Diesing 1864 from the body cavity and air sacs of Larus argentatus are described. The species resembles other Cephalobaenid pentastomids closely, the main differences being the lack of abdominal annuli and the poorly developed hook-bearing podia. Attention is paid to the secretory systems of this organism and these are compared to those described for other species. Possible functions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 77 (1974), S. 1-18 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Feinstruktur der adulten Mitteldarmdrüse von Lymnaea stagnalis wird unter Berücksichtigung lichtmikroskopischer Beobachtungen beschrieben. Im einschichtigen Epithel der Drüse lassen sick 6 Zellformen (.A-, B-, C., D-, E- und F-Zellen) unterschoiden. Daneben sind selten mucoide Zellen zu beobachten. A-Zellen: Sic sind undifferenziert und stellen Vorstufen anderer MitteldarmdrÜsenzellen dar. B-Zellen: Die zahlreichen B-Zellen enthalten Vakuolen von verschiedener Größe und Struktur, in welchen der Nahrungsbrei verdant wird. C-Zellen: Diese von früheren Autoren Kalkzellen genannten Zellen enthalten jedoch kein mit Alizarinrot-S oder Kernechtrot nachweisbares Calcium. Dagegen findet man Calcium in einzelnen Zellen des die Drüse umgebenden Bindegewebes. Die C-Zellen weisen Vakuolen mit feinkörnigem osmiphilen Inhalt und ein ausgeprägtes granuläres endoplasmatisches Reticulum auf und üben vermutlich eine sekretorische Funktion aus. D-Zellen: Die beobachteten verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien dieser Zellform enthalten alle charakteristische, als Exkretionsgranula bezeichnete Einschlüsse. Diese werden ins Drüsenlumen abgegeben, sobald die Zelle eine gewisse Größe erreicht hat. E-Zellen: Das Cytoplasma der E-Zellen ist auf die Zellrandzone und auf die Kernregion konzentriert. Der Zelleib enthält viel Glykogen und vermutlich aus Lipoiden bestehende osmiophile Tropfen. Die E-Zellen scheinen these Stoffe zu speichern. F-Zellen: Diese Zellen enthalten auffällige apikale Cytosomen und ein reduziertes Cytoplasma. Nach der Gesamtstruktur ihres Cytoplasmas müssen zwei Funktionsmöglichkeiten in Betracht gezogen werden: Entweder sind die F-Zellen ebenfalls an der Resorption von Stoffen aus dem Lumen der Mitteldarmdrüse beteiligt, oder aber she sind im Umbau begriffen und stellen eine Zwischenstufe anderer Zellformen dar. In der abschließenden Diskussion wird herausgearbeitet, daß die B-, C- und D-Zellen zumindest vorläufig als selbständige Zelltypen zu betrachten sind.
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the adult digestive gland of Lymnaea stagnalis is described with references to light-microscopic observations. In the epithelium of the gland there are 6 different kinds of cells termed A, B, C, D, E, and F cells; mucous cells have rarely been observed. A cells: They are undifferentiated and represent precursors of other cells in the digestive gland. B cells: The numerous B cells contain vacuoles of different size and structure, in which the food is digested. C cells: These cells have been called lime cells by earlier authors. However, it is not possible to detect calcium in them with alizarin red S or nuclear fast red, though some cells in the connective tissue which surrounds the gland contain calcium. The C cells contain vacuoles with a fine osmiophilic inclusion and a strongly marked endoplasmic reticulum. They are presumably secretory cells. D cells: Different stages of D cells can be observed. They contain all characteristical inclusions, called excretory granules. These are extruded to the lumen of the gland as soon as the cell has reached a certain size. E cells: The cytoplasm of the cylindrical E cells is restricted to the marginal region of the cell and the area of the nucleus. The cell contains much glycogen and osmiophilic droplets which presumably consist of lipid. The E cells seem to store these substances. F cells: These cells possess large apical cytosomes and a reduced cytoplasm. Two distinct functional possibilities have to be considered with regard to the ultrastructure of the cells. The F cells could be resorbing cells or they may represent an intermediate stage of other cell types. In the discussion, it is provisionally concluded, that the B, C, and D cells are distinct cell types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Bis zum 5.–10. Tag nach dem. Schlüpfen wachsen die Augen von Nannacara anomala schneller als der Körper; danach wachsen die Augen negativ allometrisch. 2. Die Gesamtdicke der Netzhaut ist wahrend der gesamten Entwicklung temporal am größten; sie nimmt nach dorsal, zentral and nasal ab and ist im ventralen Bereich am geringsten. Gleiches gilt für die regionale Verteilung der verschiedenen Zellklassen der Retina. Im mediotemporalen Abschnitt des Nannacara-Auges liegt daher eine „Area” vor. 3. Im Verlaufe der Entwicklung wächst die Zahl der Rezeptoren pro Flächeneinheit auf das Doppelte, während sich die Zahl der Ganglienzellen auf die Hälfte des Ursprungswerts verringert. 4. In der adulten Retina lautet das mittlere Zahlenverhältnis der Zellklassen : 2 (Rezeptoren) : 0,5 (Horizontalen) : 2 (Bipolaren) : 2 (Amakrinen) : 1 (Ganglienzellen). 5. Die Sehzelldichte der Area ist im ausgewachsenen Auge um 30% höher als in der Peripherie. 6. Zum Zeitpunkt des Freischwimmens findet man in der Area zwei voll differenzierte Zapfentypen (Einzel- und gleiche Doppelzapfen), die im Quadratmuster angeordnet sind. Funktionsfähige Stäbchen sind nicht vor dem 16. Tag nachweisbar. 7. Die retinomotorische Wanderung der Einzelzapfen und Stäbchen setzt am bzw. nach dem 16. Tag der Entwicklung ein. 8. Es werden 6 verschiedene Stadien der Rezeptorentwicklung in zeitlicher Abfolge nacheinander im Augenhintergrund unterschieden. Dieselben Stadien findet man auch als Zuwachszonen in der Retinaperipherie der gleichen Altersstufe. 9. An räumlichen Rekonstruktionen von Serienschnitten ganzer Augen wird die Ausdehnung der den einzelnen Entwicklungsstadien entsprechenden Zuwachszonen während der Entwicklung untersucht. Die Rezeptordifferenzierung schreitet in der mediotemporalen Area am schnellsten fort and setzt in der ventralen Retina wegen des Augenspalts mit starker Verzögerung gegenüber den anderen Netzhautregionen ein. 10. Die regionalen Unterschiede in der Netzhautentwicklung werden im Zusammenhang mit sinnesphysiologischen and ethologischen Beobachtungen an jungen Nannacara diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary 1. The diameter of the eyes of Nannacara anomala increases faster than the length of the body until the 5th–10th day after hatching; after this time the growth of the eyes is negatively allometric. 2. The overall thickness of the retina is greatest in the temporal region of the eye for the complete period of development; it decreases toward the dorsal, central, and nasal parts and is least thick in the ventral sector. The same is true for the regional differences in the quantitative distribution of the various retinal cell classes. This means that a so-called “area” exists in the mediotemporal part of the eye of Nannacara anomala. 3. During development the number of receptor cells per unit area increases to twice its original value, whereas the number of ganglion cells decreases by a half. 4. The average ratio of the different cell classes of the adult retina is: 2 (receptor cells): 0.5 (horizontal cells): 2 (bipolar cells): 2 (amacrine cells): 1 (ganglion cell). 5. In the “area” the density of the population of visual cells is 30% higher than in the periphery of the retina. 6. When the larvae start to swim freely (5th day) there are two completely differenciated cone types (single and identical double cones) in the “area” which are arranged in a square pattern. Functioning rods are not found until the 16th day after hatching. 7. The retinomotor response of single cones and rods can be observed after the 16th day. 8. A temporal sequence of 6 different stages in the development of the visual cells is distinguished in the fundus of the eye. At a certain age the same stages are found as a spatial sequence in the peripheral zones of additional growth. 9. The extent of the growth zones corresponding to the different stages of differenciation of the receptor cells during the course of the development of the eye is studied in reconstructions of serial sections. The growth of the visual cells is most advanced in the mediotemporal “area” and most delayed in the ventral part of the retina. 10. The regional differences in the development of the retina are discussed with respect to ethological and sensory-physiological findings in young Nannacara.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 66 (1970), S. 189-211 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Descriptions are given of the tooth skeletons of three species of Diadematoida and of one species of Echinothuroida. The teeth of both superorders mentioned are grooved, but great differences exist in the microscopical structure of the tooth skeletons. Attention is called to the phylogenetic relationships of regular sea urchins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This new species of the family Didemnidae (Order Aplousobranchiata) presents the first moving synascidia from the interstitial system of marine sand. Tubular projections with glands form characteristic fixtures for locomotion and adhesion of the tiny colony.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 67 (1970), S. 16-28 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The turbellarian Triloborhynchus astropectinis gen. et sp. nov. lives in the hepatic caeca of the sea star Astropecten irregularis. It belongs to the family Pterastericolidae. It is provided with an opisthaptor and anteriorly with three evaginable pockets. Its body-wall ciliation is reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the laboratory, Tarantula marginemaculata breeds during the summer months. Egg development takes 98 days. Development from hatching to maturity takes 8 to 10 months and involves 5 to 8 moults. Mature animals continue to moult and to grow and normally produce 1 to 2 broods per year. Moulting frequency, growth, development of sexual organs and of trichobothriotaxy, and regeneration are described and compared to those of other arachnids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 67 (1970), S. 263-306 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The present study of the development of the different organs of the gut, the vitellophags (primary yolk cells) and the other cell-types concerned with the resorption of the yolk gives the first detailed analysis of an Anomuran development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 68 (1970), S. 69-82 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The multiple optic papilla in the retina of two Synodontis species is described with special emphasis on the arrangement of the optic nerve fibers in fascicles. In a comparison of the eyes of the Brachiopterygei and Holostei with those of various Teleosts, the functional importance of these plesiomorphic structures is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 68 (1970), S. 177-254 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The setal pattern of Pterophorid first larval stages is homologized to the hypothetical pattern of the Ditrysia ancestor; it is utilized to reconstruct the ancestral pattern of the three European subfamilies and to classify them genealogically. For infra- and interspecific analysis, the setal characters of Pterophorinae are discussed in combination with the morphologic characters of the genitalia, which for this purpose are presented in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 72 (1972), S. 77-130 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Da die Klassifizierung der Zapfentypen aufgrund von morphologischen Merkmalen schwierig ist, werden: a) die Entfernung der Zapfenellipsoide von der Membrana limitans externa; b) die Stellung der Zapfen innerhalb des Mosaiks als weitere Kriterien herangezogen. 2. Die Doppelzapfen konnen in parallelen Reihen stehen (Reihenmuster) oder im Quadrat angeordnet sein (Quadrat- oder Rechteckmuster). In beiden Mustern können zu den Doppelzapfen em. oder zwei Einzelzapfentypen hinzutreten. 3. Die beiden Mustertypen stehen in einem ontogenetischen Zusammenhang: An der Ora serrata werden alle Doppelzapfen in parallelen Reihen angelegt and erst im Retinainneren bei den entsprechenden Arten zu Rechtecken umgeordnet. 4. Bei Betta and Nannacara stehen innerhalb des Doppelzapfenquadrats jeweils vier Stäbchen; bei einigen anderen Arten umgeben bis zu acht Stabchen kranzartig die Einzelzapfen. In den moisten Fällen sind die Stäbchen zahlreicher als die Zapfen. 5. Wahrscheinlich besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen Augendurchmesser bzw. Alter and der regelmäßigen Anordnung Bowie der Zahl der Stäbchen. 6. Es werden verschiedene morphologische Zelltypen der drei Horizontalenreihen beschrieben and ihr Vorkommen bei bisher von anderen Autoren (besonders Cajal) untersuchten Arten erörtert. 7. Aufgrund von morphologischen Merkmalen kann nicht entschieden werden, ob die Horizontalen Neuronen oder Glia-Elemente sind. 8. Die Reihen der scleraden Horizontalen verlaufen — unabhängig vom Typ des Doppelzapfenmosaiks — parallel zu den Einzelzapfenreihen. 9. Die Einzelzapfenabstände and die Entfernung zwischen den Kernen der äußeren Horizontalen sind gleich groß. 10. Die mittleren and inneren Horizontalen sind nur dann regelmäßig angeordnet, wenn sie aus lappig-sternförmigen Zellen bestehen. 11. Bei Rechteck- und Streifenmustern ist die Anzahl der Horizontalenschichten ebenso groß wie die der Zapfentypen. 12. Die relativen Zahlenverhältnisse von Doppelzapfen zu Einzelzapfentypen bzw. äußeren zu mittleren and inneren Horizontalen zeigen bei vielen Arten eine gute Übereinstimmung. In absoluten Zahlen ausgedrückt kommen auf jede Horizontale 2 Zapfen. Nur die inneren Horizontalen weichen bei einigen Arten von dieser Regel ab. 13. Beim Vergleich verschiedener Rechteckmuster ergibt sich ein zahlenmäßiger Zusammenhang zwischen mittleren Horizontalen and zentralen Einzelzapfen, vitreaden Horizontalen and eckständigen Einzelzapfen Bowie scleraden Horizontalen und Doppelzapfen. 14. Die Beziehung zwischen der Anzahl der Zapfentypen and der Anzahl der Horizontalenreihen Bowie deren Bedeutung fur das Farbensehen wird durch elektrophysiologische Befunde von Svaetichin bestätigt. 15. Es werden Funktionsmodelle des Bewegungssehens and der lateralen Inhibition aufgrund der Lagebeziehung zwischen Zapfen- und Horizontalenmuster diskutiert. Experimentelle Befunde zu diesen Modellen liegen bisher nicht vor.
    Notes: Summary 1. Since the classification of the cone types on morphological features is difficult a) the distance of the cone-inner-segment from the outer limiting membrane b) the position of the cones within the mosaic are used as further criteria. 2. The double cones are either arranged in parallel rows (row-mosaic) or in square units (square mosaic). In both types one or two single cones may be added to the basic pattern. 3. There is an ontogenetic relation between the two mosaic types: Near the Ora serrata, all double cones are placed in parallel rows and only in the more central part of the bulbus of certain species are they arranged in squares. 4. In Bettta and Nannacara 4 rods are enclosed in every square unit; in some other species there are up to 8 rods surrounding the single cones. In most cases rods are more numerous than cones. 5. Probably there is a relationship between the age and diameter of the eye and the regular arrangement resp. the number of the rods. 6. The different morphological types within the three layers of horizontal cells are described. Their occurence and distribution is compared to the findings of other authors (chiefly Cajal). 7. Based on morphological characteristics one cannot determine whether the horizontal cells are neurons or glia elements. 8. The rows of the sclerad horizontal cells run parallel to the rows of single cones without respect to the type of double cone mosaic. 9. There is an equal distance between the nuclei of the single cones and between the nuclei of the outer horizontal cells. 10. The middle and inner horizontal cells are arranged regularly only when they consist of lobed stellar shaped cells. 11. In square and row mosaics the number of horizontal cell layers equals the number of cone types. 12. The relative ratio of double cones to single cones is in good agreement with that of sclerad to intermediary and vitread horizontal cells. In absolute figures there are 2 cones for every horizontal cell. Only the vitread horizontal cells of a few species do not fit this rule. 13. If one compares different square mosaics, one finds a quantitative relation between intermediary horizontal cells and accessory single cones as well as between sclerad horizontal cells and double cones. 14. The correlation between the number of cone types and the number of horizontal cell layers and its functional significance for colour vision is confirmed by the electrophysiological data of Svaetichin. 15. Several functional models of movement perception and lateral inhibition are discussed on the basis of a parallel arrangement of the cone—and the horizontal cell mosaic. Until now there are no experimental data confirming these models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei einigen Spinnen, vor allem aus der Familie der Araneidae, bilden funktionell umgewandelte Mitteldarmzellen unmittelbar unter der Hypodermic eine nahezu geschlossene Zellschicht, die mehr oder minder stark mit Guaninkristallen angefiillt sein kann. Die distalen Zellbereiche dieser von uns als Guanocyten bezeichneten Zellen verzahnen rich mit der Hypodermis selbst oder stehen mit dem schmalen hypodermalen Hämolymphsinus in Verbindung. Thre proximalen Enden sind lang ausgezogen und schieben sich zwischen nicht umgewandelte Resorptionszellen. Jede Guanocyte steht mit dem Mitteldarmlumen in direkter Verbindung. Auf Grund des Organellenbestandes sind die Guanocyten als spezialisierte Mitteldarmzellen auzusprechen, die während der reproduktiven Periode die übrigen exkretorisch tätigen Gewebe bzw. Organe unterstützen oder ergänzen, indem sie der Hämolymphe, der Hypodermis und den benachbarten Resorptionszellen pinocytotisch purinhaltige Abbauprodukte und andere Exkrete entnehmen. Dieselben werden unter Mitwirkung eines glatten endoplasmatischen Retikulums umgebaut und temporär intrazellulär als kompliziert aufgebaute Kristalle innerhalb von membranösen Kristallsäckehen gespeichert. Die Notwendigkeit intrazellulärer Exkretspeicherung auf Grund der Ernährungs-physiologie und Abwandlungen in der Funktionsmorphologie sowie fortschreitender Alterungserscheinungen wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Guanocytes are present in several spiders especially of the family Araneidae. The guanocytes form a compact cell-layer under the hypodermis. Their distal parts remain connected to the hypodermic hemolymph sinus, while the proximal ends establish contact with the midgut lumen in the shape of a long cellular process. The organelle equipment of the guanocytes shows that they are specialized midgut cells. They support or replace the other excretory tissues and organs especially during the reproduction period. By pinocytosis, the guanocytes remove catabolites of the purine and protein metabolism from the hemolymph, the adjacent resorption cells of the midgut, as well as from the overlying hypodermis cells. The stored catabolites are formed into complex crystals assisted by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The necessity of the temporary intracellular excretory storage on the basis of the physiology of nutrition, changes in the functional morphology, and general signs of old age are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 71 (1972), S. 203-289 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four populations of Mesostoma lingua from various geographical areas react in different ways according to certain environmental factors. The determination of the two eggtypes is particularly influenced by temperature changes and a crowding effect. The influence of other factors is of little consequence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 71 (1972), S. 340-354 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Differences in the morphology of antennae (especially sensillae) and compound eyes (number of ommatidia) of both sexes are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 72 (1972), S. 36-45 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Covariational patterns of characters were compared in adults of two species of flies (Drosophila melanogaster and Musca domestica). Fourteen characters, homologous in the two organisms, were measured for both sexes in several laboratory strains of both species. Multiple factor analysis with rotation to an oblique simple structure was used to resolve the covariation into simpler patterns. Factor analyses were based on both the pooled within-group covariation as well as on total variation in each species. The five factors extracted from the correlation matrices of both species were quite similar after rotation (this was especially true for the within-group covariation). The following factors could be identified: a wing and a leg size factor, intercorrelated in the two species; a wing and thorax size factor; and separate factors affecting numbers of aristal and sternal setae. The present study is an example of the use of multiple factor analysis in comparative morphometrics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 72 (1972), S. 203-230 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammentassung Die Integumente der Priapuliden Halicryptus spinulosus und Priapulus caudatus sind ähnlich aufgebaut. Die miteinander verzahnten und über lange septierte Desmosomen verbundenen Epithelzellen tragen apikal eine amorphe, in Abhgngigkeit von der Häutungsphase± geschichtete Kutikula. Ähnliche Kutikulastrukturen finden sich bei Nematoden. Der Panzer der Halicryptus-Larve ist in seiner Ultrastruktur deutlich verschieden von der Kutikula adulter Tiere and zeigt auch keine Übereinstimmung mit dem Panzer der Kinorhynchen. Die epithelialen Stacheln der Art Halicryptus spinulosus enthalten mehrere Sekretzelltypen. Die epithelialen Differenzierungen am Rumpfende von Priapulus caudatus sind durch ihre Ultrastruktur ebenfalls als sezernierende Zellkomplexe gekennzeichnet. Der Feinbau des distalen Anhangsorganes von Priapulus caudatus entspricht der Ultrastruktur von Zellen mit aktivem Ionentransport. AuBerdem ist dieses Organ Träger von Mechanorezeptoren.
    Notes: Summary The integuments of the priapulids Halicryptus spinulosus and Priapulus caudatus exhibit a similar ultrastructure. The epithelial cells, the neighbouring lateral plasma membranes of which are frequently highly interdigitated, are connected by long septate desmosomes and are apically covered by an amorphous cuticle. The latter shows a stratification, the pattern of which is dependent on the moulting phase. Similar cuticular structures are to be found in nematodes. The cuticle of the larvae of Halicryptus differs markedly from that of the adult animals and also does not show agreements with the armour of kinorhynchs. It is threelaminated and contains in the middle layer canalicular structures. The epithelial spines of Halicryptus spinulosus contain various types of secretory cells. The epithelial differentiations at the end of the body of Priapulus caudatus also represent, according to their ultrastructure, secretory cells. The fine structure of the appendicular organs of Priapulus caudatus corresponds to that of cells engaged in ion transport. In addition this organ possesses mechanoreceptors. Both priapulids carry, on the integumental papillae and within the epithelium of the body and pharynx, characteristically constructed receptors with an apical cilium surrounded by seven microvilli. They are interpreted to represent mechanoreceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 72 (1972), S. 295-306 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Vertreter der Gattungen Ligia, Oniscus, Porcellio und Cylisticus besitzen in jedem Thoraxsegment Muskeln mit transgredienten Anteilen. 2. Bei Armadillidium treten in den meisten Segmenten nur segmentale Muskeln auf. In bestimmten Segmenten ist ein Musket reduziert. 3. Mehrere Beobachtungen an Armadillidium zeigen jedoch, daß auch bei diesem Genus transgrediente Muskelübergänge fakultativ auftreten können. Diese Beobachtungen erlauben neben anderen Argumenten, wie z. B. der Lage eines Streckrezeptors, eine Homologisierung der vier median gelegenen Muskeln. 4. Eine Homologisierung der lateral gelegenen Muskeln ist nur indirekt mög-lich. Das VII. Segment liefert hierfür wertvolle Grundlagen. 5. Ergänzende mikroskopische Untersuchungen an Campecopea hirsuta (Sphaeromatidae) weisen darauf hin, daß die segmentale Aufgliederung der Muskelzüge Bsowie die Reduktion des M. d. segm. lateralis eine Anpassung an das verbesserte Kugelungsvermögen darstellen.
    Notes: Summary 1. Representatives of the genera Ligia, Oniscus, Porcellio and Cylisticus possess dorsal muscles with transgredient parts in each thoracal segment. 2. In most segments of Armadillidium spp. there occur only segmental muscles without visible transgredient portions. The number of muscles is reduced. 3. In some segments transgredient portions of longitudinal muscles may occur even in Armadillidium. Their occurrence, amongst other arguments, permits the homologisation of the four median muscles. 4. Homologisation of the two lateral muscles of Armadillidium is speculative and is mainly based on the arrangement of the muscles in the VIIth segment. 5. Additional observations on Campecopea hirsuta, a sphaeromatid isopod, further strengthen the assumption that the segmental arrangement of the dorsal muscles as well as the reduction of the M. dorsalis segmentalis lateralis is an adaption to the increased ability of volvation in these genera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 72 (1972), S. 307-330 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The development of cells of the olfactory organ in young (parr and smolt) and adult Baltic sea trout is investigated from an ecological point of view. A theory on cell dynamics is presented. Blastema cells are basal cells which divide into goblet cells, primary receptors and primary supporting cells. The latter cell type reminds one of undifferentiated fibroblasts. In the indifferent epithelium the primary supporting cells then differentiate into ciliated nonsensory cells, whereas in the sensory epithelium they form ciliated and nonciliated supporting cells. The primary receptors develop into spindle receptors, and these into rod receptors. This dimorphism of supporting cells and receptors and the grouping of them is discussed. Indications on aging of the epithelium are presented. The epithelial cells are arranged in zones. Mainly in the basal zone there is a supply of lymphoid wandering cells and macrophages some of which move into other zones and phagocytize dead or degenerating cells. Dead cells are also extruded into the olfactory chamber. This occurs especially during the initial secondary folding of the primary olfactory laminae. Different aspects on ecological adaptation of cells and structures are presented. Baltic sea trout have a dynamic cell population and secretion adapted for life both in river and sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 72 (1972), S. 341-348 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei einer südafrikanischen Art der Gattung Caenesteriella wird der Bau des zungenförmigen Labrum beschrieben. Im Inneren des Labrum liegen Drüsen von verschiedenem Ban (Typ A and B). Die unpaare mediane and ein Paar seitlicher Drusen vom Typ A Bind kompakt. Sic bilden ein Syncytium mit zahlreichen großen, z.T. verzweigten Kernen. In jeder Drüse führt ein cuticularisierter Ausführgang von einer großen Sammelblase nach außen. Mehr basal liegen ein Paar Drüsen vom Typ B, die stärker aufgegliedert Bind. Die Kerne sind kleiner und nicht verzweigt. Sammelblasen fehlen, die dünnen Ausführungsgänge münden getrennt. Seitlich im Kopf liegt ein weiteres Paar Drüsen vom Typ B. Es steht nicht im Zusammenhang mit den labralen Drüsen. Die Ergebnisse werden besonders mit den Angaben Sterbas (1957) an Daphnia verglichen.
    Notes: Summary In a Southafrican species of Caenesteriella the tongue-like labrum is described. Inside the labrum there are two types of glands (A and B). Three glands of type A are compact, forming a syncytium with numerous large and often ramified nuclei. From each gland a cuticular duct has its source. At the base there is one pair of glands, belonging to type B. These glands are diffuse. The nuclei are small and not ramified. There are no reservoirs, but two ducts. At both sides of the head there are two more glands of type B. There is no connection with the labral glands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 73 (1972), S. 63-79 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Der in Mittel- und Südamerika weit verbreitete Kiemenschlitzaal Synbranchus marmoratus wird mit seinem in Höhlen Yucatans lebenden augen- und pigmentreduzierten Derivat Furmastix infernalis unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Sinnesorgane verglichen. 2. Der Bau von Nase und Kopfkanalsystem ergibt keine Unterschiede. Allein die Zahl der freien Neuromasten und der Geschmacksorgane ist bei F. infernalis erhöht. 3. Abgesehen von der Schwanzlänge ergeben sich in den meristischen Daten keine Unterschiede. Die weitgehend auf der Augen- und Pigmentreduktion der Höhlenform basierende generische und artliche Trennung wird daher in Frage gestellt. 4. Der Reduktionsgrad der Augen und des Melaninpigmentes des F. infernalis läßt diesen im Vergleich zum troglobionten mexikanischen Characiden Astyanax (=Anoptichthys) mexicanus als phylogenetiseh jüngeren Höhlenfisch erscheinen. Dieser Befund wird durch geologische Daten gestützt.
    Notes: Summary 1. The synbranchide Synbranchus marmoratus, which is widespread in Middle and South America, is compared with its eye- and pigment-reduced Yucatan cave derivative Furmastix infernalis with special reference to the sense organs. 2. The structure of noses and cephalic lateral line systems of both forms is not different. The number of free neuromasts and taste buds is enhanced in F. infernalis. 3. Apart from a prolonged tail in the cave fish there are no differences concerning meristic features. Therefore generic and specific distinction between the two forms, which is mainly based on the reduction of eyes and pigment of the hypogean fish, is made uncertain. 4. Eyes and pigment of F. infernalis are less reduced than in Astyanax (Anopt-ichthys) mexicanus (Charaeidae, Pisces). Thus F. infernalis is presumably the phylogenetically younger cave fish. This result is supported by geological dates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 73 (1972), S. 117-144 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. La régénération de la région antérieure de Phoronis psammophila se produit après autotomie ou amputation (après section transversale an niveau de la zone d'autotomie dans ce travail). Le lophophore rejeté ou sectioneé est incapable de régénérer et dégénère. 2. La régénération se déroule selon 8 stades successifs (en 3 jours environ). Les trois premiers stades portent sur la cicatrisation, avec bouchon cicatriciel, et sur la formation du blastème de régénération. Les stades suivants correspondent aux diverses étapes de l'organogenèse. 3. L'organogenèse concerne principalement le tube digestif (avec formation d'un stomodeum, mais pas de proctodeum), l'appareil circulatoire lophophoral, les néphridies, les mésentères, le lophophore et les tentacules, l'épistome. 4. La régénération de la région antérieure des Phoronidiens est un phénomène physiologique, habituel et fréquent; son déroulement normal est très rapide.
    Notes: Summary The regeneration of the anterior body part in Phoronis psammophila, sectioned transversaly near the autotomy line, is divided into 8 periods: the first 3 on wound-healing and regenerating blastem, the others on organogenesis. The development of the regenerate is described in detail, especially the digestive tract, the lophophoral circulatory system, the nephridia, the mesenteries, the lophophore, the epistome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 73 (1972), S. 249-261 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Es wurden 54 Psocopteren-, 108 Amblyceren- und 263 Ischnocerenprdparate ( die der Trichodectiden eingeschlossen) untersucht, um Wege zur Unterscheidung und zum Vergleich der verschiedenen Formen des typischen Hypopharynxskelettes der Psocodea zu finden. 2. Mit Hilfe der am Hypopharynx anzutreffenden Muskelinsertionen konnte ein Weg zur Homologisierung der Sitophorelemente der Psocodea mit den Teilen des Hypopharynxskelettes von primitives Apterygoten (Grundplan nach Gouin, 1968; Matsuda, 1965) aufgezeigt werden. 3. Das Cibarialsklerit eines Teils der Psocoptera weist eine Reihe von Gemeinsamkeiten mit denen prototypischer Amblycera und Ischnocera auf. Das der Trichodectiden unterscheidet sich davon und ist möglicherweise Ausdruck einer seit langem eigenständigen Entwicklung. 4. Da zwischen den Skleriten verschiedener Gattungen und auch höherer Einheiten charakteristische Unterschiede bestchen, scheint es möglich, these zur Überprüfung systematischer Einheiten heranzuziehen. Dazu sind weitere Untersuchungen nötig. 5. Die Auswertung der bei den Trichodectidae bisher vorgefundenen Merkmale scheint darauf hinzudeuten, daß die Überfamilie Trichodectoidea Burm. aus der Unterordnung Ischnocera herauszunehmen und als eigene Unterordnung zu führen ist. Grundlage dieser Auffassung ist neben der spezifischen Sitophorform die charakteristische Muskelversorgung des Epipharynx und eine Reihe weiterer Merkmale (vgl. Königsmann, 1960).
    Notes: Summary 1. 54 specimens of Psocoptera, 108 specimens of Amblycera and 263 of Ischnocera babe been examined to compare the hypopharyngeal skeletons (sitophor — Snodgrass, 1944). 2. As a result a procedure for homologizing the elements of Psocodean sitophor with those of primitive Apterygotes (Gouin, 1968; Matsuda, 1965) was established. 3. The sitophor of Psocoptera in more or less similar to that of Amblycera and Ischnocera, but it is prototypical in Trichodectidae. 4. Consequently it is necessary to separate Trichodectidae from Ischnocera. A comparison of muscle attachments is Trichodectidae (Risler, 1951) and other Ischnocera (Haub, 1971; Symmons, 1952) corroborates these findings. 5. An appointment of generic value seems to be possible. Nevertheless the degree of systematic significance must still be stated for other families, genera and species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 76 (1973), S. 227-242 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The first morphological examination of the surface and internal anatomy of the kinorhynch, Echinoderes dujardini was undertaken using the scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The oral styles and at least the first ring of scalids were found to have a basal pectinate fringe that resembles the pectinate fringe found at the posterior margins of the trunk segments. In addition to the fringe, the scalids were subdivisible into at least two distinct classes which are similar in structure to the trichoscalid and type I spinocalid identified by Moritz and Storch in T. giganteus. The trichoscalid of E. dujardini however, was found to possess a unique fluted cuticle structure with spines arising only on the medial surface. Although pores are known to occur in the cuticle of homalorhagid kinorhynchs, such pores were not found in the cyclorhagid, E. dujardini. A structure, provisionally designated “sensory-like structure” is described. Some 60 or more compactly placed spines occur as paired circles or ellipses on all but the terminal trunk segment. An electron dense structure was seen in the subsurface of the placids that may lend mechanical support and may contribute to the “Napoleon hats” seen with light microscopy. Micrographs of the circumentric nerve ring, gut, epidermis and pharynx are presented. Located at the anterior of the pharynx is a peripharyngeal muscle. The muscle, composed of two membrane bounded smooth muscle strands, probably acts as a sphincter to prevent a reverse flow of food material. Finally, scanning micrographs show a single opening located dorsolaterally on the 10th segment. This opening has been interpreted as an excretory pore even though it does not occur ventrolaterally on the 11th segment as reported for other kinorhynchs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 76 (1973), S. 285-338 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden 10 Arten aus allen vier Unterfamilien der Milbenfamilie Bdellidae (Trombidiformes) untersucht. In dem vorliegenden Aufsatz werden die Erndhrungsbiologie, das Spinnvermögen Bowie die Funktionsanatomie des Verdauungstraktes und der „Munddrüsen” dargestellt. Daneben werden einige autökologische Daten gegeben. 1. Lebenszyklus: Aus Freilandfängen konnte füur Bdella longicornis und Neomolgus littoralis ein einjähriger Lebenszyklus bestimmt werden. Während bei der ersten Art ältere Nymphen, Adulti und Eier fäberwintern, fäberdauern bei Neomolgus littoralis nur die Eier. 2. Ernährungsbiologie, Funktionsanatomie des Darmtraktes: Alle beobachteten Arten benutzen zum Fang ihrer Beute, die in der Regel aus weichhäutigen kleinen Arthropoden besteht, ein klebriges, fadenziehendes Sekret, mit dem. das Beutetier an das Substrat gefesselt wind. Cyta latirostris bevorzugt Oribatei als Beute. Das Sekret wird aus dem muskulösen Receptaculum cibi (Michael, 1896)=Supraösophageal-Organ (Ehara, 1960), das als Reservoir dient, ausgestoβen. Eine Kropffunktion kommt diesem die Bdelliden kennzeichnenden Organ nicht zu. Die Bezeichnung Eharas ist deshalb der von Michael vorzuziehen. Nach Aufsaugen des extraintestinal vorverdauten Nahrungsbreies wird dieser im Ventrikel und in den Caecen resorbiert. Hier wurden zwei Zelltypen beobachtet: Verdauungszellen and deutlich weniger Drüsenzellen. Nach Abschluß der Resorptionsvorgänge treten die Abbauprodukte aus dem Ventrikel in das dorsomediane Exkretionsorgan über, wo sic von einem Häutchen umhüllt werden und einen dunklen Kotballen bilden. Neben den dunklen Kotballen treten im Exkretionsorgan die von den Trombidiformes bekannten weißen Exkretstrdnge auf. Das Exkretionsorgan muß als Darmabschnitt gedeutet werden. Es besteht aus einem entodermalen, dem eigentlichen exkretorisch tätigen Darmabschnitt (Colon), und einem ektodermalen (Rectum) Anteil. Auch bei Anystis sp. wurden ähnliche Verhältnisse gefunden. Gleichsinnige Ergebnisse erbrachten die Untersuchungen von Ehrnsberger (1973) an Rhagidiiden und Witte (1972) an Erythraeide. Damit sind zu den schon bekannten Trombidiformes-Gruppen mit durchgehendem Darm, nämlich den Tetrapodili (Nalepa, 1887) and den Tetranychiden (Blauvelt, 1945) vier weitere hinzugekommen. Das bedeutet, daß der „blindgeschlossene Mitteldarm” nur noch sehr bedingt als Charakteristikum der Trombidiformes gelten kann. 3. Spinnvermügen: Neben dem. Fangsekret verwenden die Bdelliden-Arten Bdella longicornis, Spinibdella cronini und Biscirus silvaticus ein ähnliehes Sekret zum Bau von Häutungsnestern. Spinibdella cronini spinnt such das Eigelege ein. Füur die Spinnsekretproduktion sind die „Munddrüsen“ verantwortlich. Von ihnen gehüren vier Paar zum podocephalischen System. Mit eigenen Ausführgängen münden die paarige infracapituläre Drüse und die unpaare Drüse (=Tracheendrüse). Die letzte fehlt bei Bdellodes longirostris. Bei der 4. podocephalischen Drüse, der tubulären Drüse der Autoren, konnte ein proximaler Sacculus nachgewiesen werden, womit die alte Annahme, daβ es sich bei diesem Organ um eine Coxaldrüse handele, bestätigt wurde. Michael (1896) ergänzend wird ein zusätzliches podocephalisches Drüsenpaar beschrieben, das kurz vor der Mündung der podocephalischen Kanäle beider Körperseiten in die Chelicerenrinne in die podocephalischen Kanäle einmündet. Diese Beobachtung, die die Ergebnisse von Ehrnsberger (1973) an Rhagidiiden bestätigt, machen eine neue Zuordnung der von Grandjean (1938) bei Bdelliden dargestellten Kanale nötig. Es wird daher eine neue Terminologie vorgeschlagen: 1., 2., 3., 4. podocephalische Drüse, wobei die letzte der Coxaldrüse entspricht. Während die Bedeutung der 1. und 2. podocephalischen Driise und der Tracheendrüse ungeklärt bleibt, wird aufgrund von vergleichenden und funktionsanatomischen Untersuchungen die Beteiligung der 3. podocephalischen Drüse und der infracapitulären Drüse an der Spinusekretproduktion angenommen.
    Notes: Summary The present study is based on comparative studies of ten species belonging to the four subfamilies of Snout Mites (Bdellidae, Trombidiformes). The main results reported here fall under 3 headings; life cycle, feeding biology and spinning ability. 1. In Bdella longicornis and Neomolgus littoralis an annual life cycle is found. In the first species elder nymphs, adults, and eggs, hibernate and only eggs in the latter. 2. All observed species make use of a stringy exudate in capturing prey. Soft skinned arthropods generally serve as prey. Cyta latirostris prefers Oribatei. The exudate is extruded from the “receptaculum cibi” (Michael, 1896) or “supraoesophageal organ” (Ehara, 1960), which serves as a reservoir. The function of a crop is not attributable to this organ, so that Eharas term is to be preferred. There is no histological difference between ventriculus and ceca. Two types of cells are observed: digestive cells, and rather fewer secretory cells. Feces gather in the ventriculus and then pass into the so called excretory organ where they are coverd with a thin membrane. An open communication between ventriculus and excretory organ has been proved. The excretory organ is considered part of the alimentary canal. It consists of an endodermal colon and an endodermal rectum. Similar results have been found in a first study on Anystis sp. Following the work of Nalepa (1887) on Tetrapodili and Blauvelt (1945) on Tetranychidae, an open communication between ventriculus and excretory organ has thus been demonstrated in two further groups of trombidiform mites. Similar (unpublished) results has been obtained by Ehrnsberger (1972) and Witte (1972) in Rhagidiidae and Erythraeidae. 3. In addition to the exudate used for capturing prey the species Bdella longicornis, Spinibdella cronini and Biscirus silvaticus use similar exudates for building moulting nests. Spinibdella cronini also cocoons its eggs. The “mouth glands” are responsible for the production of silk. Four pairs of mouth glands belong to the podocephalic system. The paired infracapitular gland and the azygous gland (=tracheal gland) discharge with separate ducts. The azygous gland is missing in Bdellidas longirostris. The fourth podocephalic gland, the tubular gland of the authors, shows a proximal sacculus, confirming that this organ is a true coxal gland. Supplementing Michael (1896) another pair of podocephalic glands is described. Their ducts discharge into the podocephalic canals near their outlets into the cheliceral groove. These observations, which confirming the results of Ehrnsberger (1973) in Rhagidiidae, require a new interpretation of the ducts described by Grandjean (1938) in his work on bdellids. Therefore a new terminology is proposed: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th podocephalic gland, by which the latter corresponding to the coxal gland. Whereas the function of the 1st and 2nd podocephalic gland and of the tracheal gland remains unexplained, the infracapitular gland and the 3rd podocephalic gland are postulated to take part in the production of silk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 77 (1974), S. 175-186 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the visual clubs was studied in two species of the family Otoplanidae, Otoplana truncaspina and Notocaryoturbella bigermaria. These clubs, which are found inside the cerebral capsule, are characterized by the presence of a disk-shaped photoreceptor process containing membranous laminar or tubular whorls. These cover both faces of the disk. A thin cytoplasmic layer is found between the two faces. This continues with projections which surround the disk border. The major projection, containing the nucleus, shows Golgi apparatuses, numerous vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, multi-laminar bodies, and mitochondria localized in the region bordering the disk cytoplasm. There are no pigmented cells. The affinities with other cerebral photoreceptors are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 77 (1974), S. 221-233 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Das Sekret ableitende System in den Speicheldrüsen der Diplopoden beginnt mit den Interzellularräumen zwischen den sezernierenden Zellen. In these wird das Sekret ausgeschleust. In die apikalen Endabschnitte entsenden benachbarte Parenchymzellen manchmal Mikrovilli. 2. An die Interzellularräume schließen offen die Seitenkanäle an. Diese sind von jeweils einer Kanalwandzelle gebildete intrazolluläre Rohre, die von einer kutikularen Intima ausgekleidet werden. Sie durchziehen die Zelle und münden in einen weitlumigen Hauptausführkanal. 3. Der Hauptausführkanal wird von vielen Kanalwandzellen aufgebaut. Auc er ist von einer kutikularen Intima ausgekleidet. Er mündet meist in den Präoralraum aus. 4. Die Ultrastruktur der Kanalwandzellen wird beschrieben. Sie vermittelt den Eindruck von stoffwechsel-inaktiven Zellen. Auffällig sind die zahlreichen freien Ribosomen und in manchen Drüsen komplexe, myelinartige Körper. 5. Die Kanalwandzellen sitzen meist als einschichtiges Epithel den sezernierenden Zellen auf. Am Lumen des ableitenden Systems sind zwischen beiden Zellen immer eine Zonula adhaerens, daran anschließend septierte Desmosomen ausgebildet. Benachbarte Kanalwandzellen sind durch Schlußleisten verzahnt, die als septierte Desmosomen entwickelt sind.
    Notes: Summary 1. The diverting system in the salivary glands of diplopoda begins at the intercellulary spaces between the secretory cells. Here extrusion of the secretory vacuoles takes place. Sometimes microvilli of secretory cells protrude into the intercellulary spaces. 2. Lateral ducts unite and open into the intercellulary spaces. They are formed occasionally by a single wall-cell and represent intercellulary tubes lined with a cuticle. They run throughout the cell into a wide, common main efferent channel. 3. The main efferent channel is composed of many wall-cells lined with a cuticle, and usually opens into the preoral cavity. 4. The ultrastructure of the wall-cells is described. They give the impression of inactive cells, however discernible free ribosomes are numerous. Some glands possess characteristic myeline-like bodies. 5. As a rule, wall-cells represent a single-layered epithelium resting on the secretory cells of the salivary gland. At the efferent duct between wall-cell and a secretory cell a zonula adhaerens is always developed, subsequently to it septate desmosomes. Neighbouring wall-cells are linked together by septate desmosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The patterns of arrangement of connective tissue fibres and muscle fibres were recorded in the anterior tail region of three newt species, Triturus cristatus, T. alpestris and T. vulgaris. In the axial connective tissue, arrangements are found well adapted to impede other movements than lateral flexion and thus in agreement with similar systems present in fishes and lower chordates. The arrangement as well as the total amount of perimysial fibres in the newt's tail show a close agreement with the same characteristics of perimysial connective tissue in the m. lateralis of fishes. As in fishes we may expect these fibres to play a distinct part in the establishment of a firm contact between axial skeleton and lateral muscle mass. In the lateral musculature of the newts studied, the helical patterns of arrangement of the muscle fibres, seen in fishes, were absent. The patterns present are not in accordance with a uniform degree of contraction of the muscle fibres throughout the lateral musculature but they do show a tendency in that direction. It is suggested that in adult newts the muscle fibres show more diversity in their physiological characteristics than in fishes and amphibian larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 77 (1974), S. 317-335 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume La fécondation est généralement interne chez les phoronidiens. La segmentation des ceufs est totale, egale (parfois légèrement inégale) et de type radiaire (avec quelquefois une apparence fortuite de segmentation spirale). La gastrula est formée par embolie. La bouehe derive de la zone blastoporale sans formation d'un vrai stomodeum. L'anus est mis en place par perforation de l'ectodersme et représente une néo-formation indépendante du blastopore. Le mesoderme est issu par proliferation cellulaire des regions antérieure et laterales de l'archentéron. Le protoccele est forme par des cellules mésodermiques se disposant le long de la paroi du lobe préoral. Le métaccele est issu probablement suivant les espèces d'une ou deux masses. La formation du mesoderme correspond á une variation de la méthode entéroccelique typique. Les phoronidiens doivent être considérés comme des deutérostomiens, d'après l'ensemble de nos résultats (voir aussi Emig, 1973).
    Notes: Summary Internal fertilization (in metaccelom) generally occurs in Phoronida. The eggs are extruded to the exterior through the nephridia, shed freely into the sea-water or retained in the lophophoral concavity. The cleavage of phoronid eggs is total, equal (or subequal) and radial (with sometimes fortuitous appearance of spiral cleavage patterns). The gastrula is formed by emboly. The mouth is derived from the anterior remnant of the blastopore without a true stomodeum. The anus arises by perforation, as an independent structure of the blastopore. The mesoderm formed by budding originates as isolated cells proliferated from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the archenteron. In the preoral hood appears a protoccel by mesodermal cells lining the walls of the blastoccel. The trunk cœlom (or metaccel) of Actinotrocha originates from one or two posterior masses of mesodermal cells. It is possible that the mode of formation of this coelom varies in respect to the different species. The mesoderm elaboration is considered as a modified enteroccelous method. The acceptance of Phoronida as deuterostomes is regarded as the logical consequence of the present considerations (see also Emig, 1973): radial cleavage, origin of mesoderm by a derived enteroccelous method, trimetamerous actinotrocha.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 77 (1974), S. 337-344 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Centriolen-Paare in den Sehzellen der Blattschneiderbiene Megachile rotundata liegen im frühen Puppenstadium (48–60 Std nach der Häutung) proximal der Zellkerne, weit entfernt vom Rhabdom, dessen Ausbildung in diesem Alter auf die distalen Zellbereiche beschrdnkt ist. Die Centriolen liegen rechtwinklig zueinander, wobei die distale parallel zur Ommatidien-Längsachse, die proximale dagegen senkrecht zu dieser liegt, oder sic befinden sich in Übergangs-positionen his hin zur Tandem- Stellung. Diese stellt aufgrund früherer Untersuchungen (Wachmann et al., 1973) den Endzustand tar. Ist these Stellung erreicht, treten die ersten Wurzelfibrillen auf, die sich his zum Erreichen der Imago zu einem Wurzelfaden vereinigen. Das erste Auftreten distad ziehender Tubuli oder Fibrillen ist noch unbekannt. Die Ergebnisse sprechen mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit dafür, daß die an den mitotischen Teilungen beteiligten Centriolen mit denen identisch sind, die in der Imago zu Ciliarstrukturen umgewandelt sind. Eine Beziehung der Centriolen zu den sich entwickelnden Mikrovilli der Rhabdomeren konnte nicht gezeigt werden.
    Notes: Summary In the early pupal stage (48–60 h after moulting) of the leaf-cutter bee Megachile rotundata, the pairs of centrioles in the retinula cells are proximal to the nucleus, far away from the rhabdom which is developed only in distal areas at this stage. The centrioles are aligned perpendicular to another with the distal centriole parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ommatidium, or are in transitional positions tending to a tandem. According to earlier investigations (Wachmann et al., 1973) this is the final stage. Once this position is obtained the first root fibrils appear and unite in a root fibre as progress towards the imaginal cell stage continues. It is still not known at what stage Tubuli or fibrils extending in a distal direction first appear. The results indicate a high probability that the centrioles involved in mitotic cell divisions are identical with those transformed to ciliary structures in the imaginal cell stage. It was not possible to demonstrate any connexion between the centrioles and the developing microvilli of the rhabdomeres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 78 (1974), S. 111-157 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen einer Arbeit fiber Bionomie und Anatomie der Milbenfamilie Bdellidae (Trombidiformes) wurde das Fortpflanzungsverhalten sowie der Ban der Geschlechtsorgane an zehn Arten untersucht. 1. Bei den Bdelliden ist die indirekte Spermaübertragung mit Hilfe von Spermatophoren ausgebildet. Es konnten Spermatophoren von Arten aus allen vier Unterfamilien beobachtet werden. Cyta latirostris (Cytinae) bildet Tröpfchenspermatophoren. Bei den übrigen Arten wird das Spermatröpfchen von Sekret umgeben: Kammertyp bei Biscirus silvaticus (Spinibdellinae), Endfadentyp bei Bdellinae und Odontoscirinae. Bei Bildung der Endfadenspermatophore wird ein penisartiges Organ ausgestülpt 2. Die Eier der Bdelliden werden mit Hilfe eines Ovipositors an geschützten Stellen abgesetzt. In allen Unterfamilien kommen kugelige, bestachelte und gelbbis rotbraun gefärbte Eier vor. Abweichend sind die Eier von Biscirus (abgeflacht, linsenförmig), Spinibdella cronini (diinnschalig, kugelig, mit Schutzgespinst) und Bdellodes longirostris (kugelig, mit Höckern, weißlich) ausgebildet. Die Eier dieser Tiere sind unbestachelt. 3. Der komplizierte männliche Genitaltrakt wird vergleichend untersucht. Die Bdellinae und Odontoscirinae können aufgrund deutlicher anatomischer Unterschiede von den Cytinae und Spinibdellinae abgegrenzt werden. Auch die Form der Spermien unterscheidet sich in beiden Gruppen. Der sogenannte Penis ist ein Organ, welches das im Genitaltrakt bzw. in den akzessorischen Drüsen abgegebene Sekret zur artspezifisch ausgebildeten Spermatophore formt. Dabei wird das Köpfchen der Endfaden- bzw. Kammerspermatophore in einer Gußform vorgebildet. 4. Der weibliche Genitaltrakt wird beschrieben. Nachdem die Oozyten in vom Ovarepithel gebildeten Taschen (“Follikel”) geriickt sind, treten Dotter und Dotterhaut auf. Die Sekrete der äußeren Eihülle werden im unpaaren, in zwei Abschnitte gegliederten Ovidukt (Ovidukt I und II) abgeschieden. Die reifen Eier werden im Ovidukt I bis zur Eiablage gespeichert. Auch ohne Spermaaufnahme läuft die Oogenese bis zu diesem Stadium. Die Spermaaufnahme durch das ♀ erfolgt mit Hilfe des Ovipositors, der distal ein von Art zu Art unterschiedlich strukturiertes Receptaculum seminis trägt. Eine Verbindung zwischen Receptaculum und Ovidukt besteht nicht. Das Receptaculum fehlt bei Cyta latimstris. Bei adulten Bdelliden-♀♀ konnten die auch von anderen trombidiformen Milben bekannten und in ihrer Funktion umstrittenen lateralen Zellgruppen (“aterale Zellen”) nachgewiesen werden.
    Notes: Summary An investigation of the biology and anatomy of the mite family Bdellidae (Trombidiformes) included a study of the mating behaviour and the genital system of ten species. 1. In the Bdellids insemination takes place with the aid of spermatophores. Spermatophores of species of all four subfamilies were observed. Cyla latirostris (Cytinae) forms simple spermatophores, each with a non-covered sperm drop on its top. Two other types of spermatophores are described, i.e. those of a) Spinibdellinae, and b) Bdellinae and Odontoscirinae. In both types the sperm liquid is covered by a secretion similar to the material forming the stalk of the spermatophore. In Bdellinae and Odontoscirinae a “penis” is extruded during deposition of the spermatophores. 2. The eggs of Bdellids are deposited at sheltered places by means of an ovipositor. Spiny globular and reddish eggs have been observed in all subfamilies. The eggs of Biscirus (flat, lenticular), Spinibdella cronini (thin-shelled, globular, with a spun protective covering) and Bdellodes longirostris (globular, tuberculated, whitish) are different. The eggs of these species have no spines. 3. A comparative study of the complicated male genital system is given. Striking anatomical differences distinguish the group of Bdellinae and Odontoscirinae from the group of Cytinae and Spinibdellinae. The shape of the sperm cells is also different in the two groups. The secretion produced in the genital tract or accessory glands is formed to a specific spermatophore by means of the so-called penis, which in Biscirus, Bdellinae and Odontoscirinae acts as a matrix to build up the head of the spermatophores. 4. The genital system of the female is described. After entering pouches (“follicles”) which are built up by the ovarian epithelium, yolk and yolk-shell can be observed in the oocytes. The secreta of the external eggshell are produced in the unpaired oviduct, which is divided into two parts (oviduct I and II). The mature eggs are stored in the oviduct I until deposition. The development of the eggs reaches this state even without previous insemination. The sperm is taken up by the female by means of the ovipositor, which has a specific receptaculum seminis (Cyla latirostris excl.) at the distal end. There is no communication between receptacle and oviduct. In the opisthosoma of the adult Bdellid female lateral groups of basophil staining cells similar to those described in several trombiforme mites were observed. The function of these cells is still unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 78 (1974), S. 221-256 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zu den irregulären Clypeastroida gehören einerseits hochgewölbte Arten, mit hohen Laternen and gekrümmten, steil stehenden Zähnen, andererseits flache Arten mit flachen Laternen und geraden, schmalen und horizontal liegenden Zähnen. Unabhängig von Form und Lage der Zähne sind die Zahnelemente der Clypeastroida nach dem gleichen Prinzip gebaut (Abb. 1). Am Zahn werden ein abaxialer (ab) und ein adaxialer (ad) Zahnteil unterschieden. Der adaxiale Zahnteil enthält die Prismen (P) and die Lateralplatten (LP). Die Zähne treten bei allen Clypeastroida nicht aus der Mundöffnung hervor; sie dienen nicht der Nahrungsaufnahme, sondern dem Kauen. Seeigelzähne bestehen aus Calcit, aber sie sind wesentlich härter als mineralischer Calcit. Am Beispiel von Fellaster zelandiae wird demonstriert, daß die Härte der Zähne darauf beruht, daß diese nach Art eines Kompositwerkstoffes gebaut sind. Der Kaudruck wirkt in Längsachse des Zahnes. Die Kaufläche wird gewöhnlich von Prismen und Lateralplatten gebildet; sie kann aber auch fast ausschließlich von Prismen (Dendraster, Mellita) oder von Lateralplatten (Fellaster, Echinodiscus) gebildet werden, ohne daß die Leistungsfähigkeit (Härte) des Zahnes darunter leidet. Die von Durham (1955) aufgestellten Unterordnungen werden diskutiert. Die Rotulidae haben zwar viele aberrante Merkmale, aber aufgrund der Zahnstruktur und anderer Merkmale sollte diese Familie in die UO. Laganina einbezogen werden. In Bestätigung früherer Untersuchungen wird festgestellt, daß die Clypeastroida zu einerigenen monophyletischen Gruppe gehören, die als Schwestergruppe der rezenten regulären Seeigel zu betrachten ist. Eine Ableitung der Clypeastroida von cidaroiden Ahnen oder von Cidaroiden abgeleiteten Ahnen ist nicht möglich.
    Notes: Summary The irregular Clypeastroida include both species with highly ovate tests, high lanterns and arched, nearly vertical located teeth, and species with flattened tests and straightened, slender and horizontal orientated teeth. Irrespective of form and orientation of the teeth the tooth-elements of Clypeastroida, are built up following the same construction (Fig. 1). The tooth is devided by the small abaxial (ab) and the large adaxial (ad) tooth part. The adaxial part consists of prisms (P) and of lateral plates (LP). In Clypeastroids the teeth do not protruded out of the mouth. They are used for chewing but not for feeding. Echinoid teeth are built of calcite, but they are considerable stronger than compact calcite. The tooth of Fellaster zelandiae demonstrates that it is the true tooth, built up as composite material, which is extreme hard. The calcareous appendage of polycristalline calcite is only as hard as compact calcite. In chewing the clypeastroid teeth are exposed to compressive stress only, which acts in the axis of the teeth. The chewing area in most species is built up both by prisms and by lateral plates. But in some species it is built up by prisms only (Dendraster, Mellita) and in other species by lateral plates only (Fellaster, Echinodiwus). The Vickers-hardness (HV) of the teeth is not influenced by these differences. The suborders given by Durham (1955) are discussed and accepted. But the Rotulidae-despite some aberrant properties-are proposed to be classified into the suborder Laganina by means of the structure of their teeth and other characters. The present work verifies the formerly expressed opinion that Clypeastroida are belonging to a monophyletic group of their own, which is considered to be a sister group of the recent regular echinoids. On the basis of morphological studies the Clypeastroida-contrary to the hypothesis of Durham and Melville (1957)-are said to be not derivable from cidaroid ancestors or descendants of cidaroid ancestors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 79 (1974), S. 65-74 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Autoradiographisch konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß sich Entoderm und Ektoderm von A. sulcata wesentlich in ihrem Vermögen unterscheiden, direkt aus dem umgebenden Meerwasser gelöste Aminosäuren aufzunehmen. 3H-l-Aminosäuren (überraschenderweise auch l-Isomere), die vom Ektoderm aufgenommen wurden, verbleiben zum größten Teil dort. Em geringer Prozentsatz wird umgehend an's Entoderm weitergegeben. Aufnahme and Verlagerung partikulärer Nahrung, die entodermal aufgenommen wurde, erfolgt dagegen recht langsam. In bezug auf die Aufnahme gelöster organischer Verbindungen aus dem Meerwasser erweist sich die unterschiedliche cytologische Differenzierung von Ento- und Ektoderm als hervorragende Anpassung an den natürlichen Lebensraum.
    Notes: Summary Autoradiographs show that there is an essential difference in the capacity of the endo- and ectoderm of A. sulcata to absorb dissolved amino acids. Most of the dissolved organic substances absorbed by the ectoderm remain there, while a smaller part is immediately translocated to the endoderm. The shift of particulate food, resorbed by the endoderm, occurs slowly. In discussing the ability to absorb dissolved organic combinations from seawater, we can say that the actinians are very well adapted to their habitat, in relation to the varied ability of their endo- and ectoderm to differentiate cytologically; the ectoderm, whose surface is extremely enlarged by microvillies, is continuously in contact with dissolved organic compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 79 (1974), S. 87-112 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Diagnosis of Apatronemertes nov. gen. Hermaphroditic freshwater lineid heteronemerteans with no eyes, frontal organ or caudal cirrus; outer longitudinal muscle layer mingled with dermal zone, but loosely developed into outer and inner layers separated by dermis; body-wall with outer longitudinal muscle layer externally bounded by thin outer circular muscle zone which extends precerebrally; cephalic glands well developed, ventrally extending beneath the brain; proboscis with outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle layers and two fibre crosses, one more obvious than the other; rhynchocoel three-quarters of body length and rhynchocoel musculature not interwoven with body wall muscles; dorsal cerebral ganglia with posterior fibrous bifurcation, the cerebral organs being attached to the more ventral branch; nervous system without neurochords; excretory system a complex arrangement of ducts and cells, discharching into the gut via specialised cells; blood system extensive, with a postcerebral vascular plexus intimately associated with the excretory system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. In the lateral pterothoracic region of the Hydrocorisae, the features which vary most are the position of the metathoracic spiracle, the structure and position of the intersegmental boundary, and the size and distribution of 1. the concealed subalar and intersegmental air spaces and 2. the exposed ventral thoracic air layer. Since not all of the observed variations appear to reflect phylogenetic relationships they must be at least partly due to functional differences. 2. The metathoracic spiracle lies in the posterior part of the mesothoracic epimeron and may occupy any one of three positions. In representatives of the Belostomatidae, Nepidae, and Gelastocoridae, and in some Naucoridae, it faces the lateral intersegmental air space (Position 1). In Cryphocricos and Limnocoris (Naucoridae) it faces the small ventral intersegmental air space (Position 2), while in representatives of the Notonectidae and Corixidae it faces the subalar air space (Position 3). The subalar or lateral intersegmental space onto which the spiracle faces is often enlarged by the invagination of the circumspiracular part of the epimeron into the body. 3. The lateral intersegmental boundary projects sharply anteriorly, into the mesothoracie cavity, in most of the Hydrocorisae examined. Among the Naucoridae this characteristic varies both intergenerically and intragenerically. In Gelastocoris (Gelastocoridae) and in at least some species of Cryphocricos and Limnocoris the boundary appears to shift anteriorly during postecdysial development. A possible reason for the anterior displacement of the boundary is that it provides a greater surface of origin for one of the large extrinsic muscles of the hindleg. This may also explain the unusually ventromedial position of the metathoracic spiracle in Cryphocricos and Limnocoris. 4. In Belostoma (Belostomatidae) and Ranatra (Nepidae) the metathoracic spiracle is not highly porous and the concealed thoracic air spaces do not appear to serve as oxygen sources for underwater respiration. They probably protect the spiracle against entry of water, however, and play a role in hydrostatic balance and pressure reception. 5. The respiratory significance of the pterothoracic variations in other Hydrocorisae is more difficult to assess without more information on such subjects as spiracular fine structure and function. It is here suggested, however, that the size of the concealed air space onto which the metathoracic spiracle faces may be related to the extent to which an aquatic bug is dependent upon atmospheric oxygen. Most Hydrocorisae are buoyant and their concealed air spaces are large. “Slow-water” Naucoridae appear to be of this type. In Aphelocheirus (Naucoridae), however, the concealed air spaces are small and the insect is heavier than water. A thin, exposed air layer, covering much of the body, obtains enough dissolved oxygen to make Aphelocheirus independent of atmospheric oxygen. Some other “fast-water” Naucoridae, such as Cryphocricos, which cannot easily reach the surface of the water, show a similar reduction of the concealed air spaces and a consequent decrease in buoyancy. This suggests that they, like Aphelocheirus, rely less upon atmospheric oxygen than upon dissolved oxygen obtained by their exposed air layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 79 (1974), S. 283-294 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Each body pore in Chromadorina germanica females was found to lead through a canal to an epidermal gland and an associated bipolar neurocyte. The epidermal gland is a unicellular merocrine organ. Typical Golgi bodies were not found in this cell type, but multivesicular complexes may represent their functional equivalent. Several types of secretory vacuoles were observed. The contents of immature vacuoles consist of very fine granular material which is transformed in tubular elements. During this process the membranes of the vacuoles are coated by globular vesicles. Electron-dense material is deposited on the inner surface of mature vacuoles. The tubular secretion is released in the common duct of gland and neurone. 2 ciliary processes are located in this duct. They are implanted upon the dendrite of the neurocyte. The orientation of the secreted tubules is preferentially parallel to the long axis of the cilia. The axon of the neurocyte is accompanied by a slender, elongated glia cell. The significance of the extracellular tubules is discussed by comparison to similar phenomena in a variety of other organisms. It is concluded that the system of gland and neurone constitutes a functional unit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 79 (1974), S. 323-342 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Tarsen von Tettigonia viridissima L. (großes, grünes Heupferd) wurden morphologisch und histologisch untersucht und die Funktion des Tarsus als Klammer-, Greif- and Haftapparat Bowie seine Sinnesfunktion gedeutet und diskutiert. Der Tarsus besteht aus dem Prätarsus mit einem Krallenpaar and einer Krallenhaftplatte sowie aus vier Tarsalgliedern = Tarsalia, die von einem gemeinsamen Hämolymphkanal und einem sich verzweigenden Tracheensystem versorgt werden. Mit Ausnahme des distalen Tarsaliums besitzen alle Tarsalglieder auf der Ventralseite paarige Haftpolster = Euplantulae. Diese weisen aufgrund ihrer Haftfunktion histologisch verscbiedene Schichten auf : eine plattenförmige Exo- and eine tubuläre Endokutikula, eine strukturlose X- and eine epitheliale Y-Schieht Bowie eine stark aufgefaltete Epidermis. Die Tracheen sind in den Euplantulae zu Luftsäcken erweitert. Die Bewegung des Tarsus erfolgt einmanl über zwei kurze Muskeln im distalen Tibiabereich und über eine lange Sehne, die an der Krallenhaftplatte ansetzt und von Muskeln in der Tibia und um Femur angezogen wird. Die Haftung beruht auf der Adhäsion durch Speichelflüssigkeit, womit die Tarsen von den Tieren regelmäßig befenchtet werden. An den Tarsen sinf zahlreiche Sinnesorgane lokalisiert. Auf der Dorsalseite kommen in größerer Anzahl Sensilla trichodea und Sensilla campaniformia als Mechanorezeptoren vor. An den Gelenken treten beide Sensillentypen dicht nebeneinander auf, spezielle Funktion: Celenkrezeptoren. Auf den Euplatulae sind Sensillenkomplexe aus 2–4 basiconishchen Sinneshaaren reihenförmig angeordnet. Hierbei handelt es sich vermutlich um Kontaktchemorezeptoren.
    Notes: Summary The morphology and histology of the tarsi of Tettigonia viridissima L. was examined and the mechanical function of the tarsus as a clinging, snatching and adhesive organ as well as its sensory function is explained and discussed. The tarsus consists of a pretarsus with a pair of claws and an adhesive claw-plate and four tarsal segments known as tarsalia, which are fed by a common haemocoelic space and a branched tracheal system. With the exception of the distal tarsalium, all tarsal segments have paired adhesive pads called euplantulae on the ventral side. These reveal layers that differ histologically because of their adhesiveness: an exocuticle made up of little plates, a tubular endocuticle, a structureless X-layer, and epithelial Y-layer, and a strongly folded epidermis. The tracheal trunk expands into air sacks in the euplantulae. The movement of the tarsus occurs via two short muscles in the distal tibia region and via a long sinew which is attached to the adhesive claw-plate and made taut by muscles in the tibia and femur. Adhesiveness is produced by the adhesive properties of the saliva which is regularly used to moisten the tarsi of these insects. There are numerous sense organs localized on the tarsi. Numerous sensilla trichodea and sensilla campaniformia are situated on the dorsal side, acting as mechanoreceptors. On the joints both types of sensilla are found close together fulfilling a special function as joint-receptors. On the euplantulae there are sensilla complexes composed of 2–4 sensilla basiconica arranged in rows. These probably act as contact chemoreceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 6 (1972), S. 165-184 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The membranes of bordered pits were investigated in 120 species of 47 genera of the gymnospermous families, using light and electron microscopic techniques. A great variability in the morphological structure of the pit membranes has been established. The differences in structure are pronounced and depend mainly on the genus involved. A classification of six morphological “structure types” is presented. They do not necessarily correspond with the chemical composition and the functional behaviour. The results on the variability of the pit membrane have shown the necessity of an extended definition for the torus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 6 (1972), S. 196-203 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The newly matured intervessel pit membranes of yellow poplar contain distinct openings. With increasing age the membranes become progressively occluded with incrustations which obstruct the small openings. Openings were not detected in the vessel-to-ray parenchyma and vessel-to-fiber pit membranes at any age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 6 (1972), S. 215-229 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Terms used in relation to swelling pressure are first defined. The present status of knowledge of the swelling pressure of wood under various conditions is then briefly discussed. Methods are outlined for the determination of swelling pressure with restraint in one direction only and their limitations discussed. The method developed by Tarkow and Turner for the determination of swelling pressure when restraint is present in two directions is also referred to and outlined. Conclusions are then drawn from the present status of knowledge of swelling pressure in wood and gaps in this knowledge are indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 6 (1972), S. 239-248 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Particle boards are of increasing economic importance. Without special treatment they are destroyed by termites. Deterioration of unprotected material as well as possibilities and present knowledge of preservation against termite attack are briefly described. Recent laboratory experiments with particle board treated to make it resistant to humidity and basidiomycete fungi showed that only one organic preservative out of four protected the boards also against termite attack; one of two water-soluble preservatives gave promising results. Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann) from India proved to be more aggressive and resistant to the preservatives than Coptotermes amanii (Sjöstedt) from Kenya and Nasutitermes nigriceps (Haldemann) from Guatemala. Kalotermes flavicollis (Fabr.) from Italy was also very tolerant to the fungicidal preservatives. Further development of treatments of particle board against termites is required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 6 (1972), S. 67-77 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Dielectric measurements were carried out on moist wood at 25° C in a.c. fields from about 4...500 rms V/cm and over a frequency range from 100 Hz...100 kHz. During the measurements the wood specimens were hermetically sealed in a special type of sample holder. With this new measurement technique it was found that the dissipation factor and dielectric conductivity were field-dependent at low frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 6 (1972), S. 59-66 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Oven dried basswood was vacuum impregnated with methyl methacrylate monomer containing various amounts of free radical catalyst and trifunctional crosslinking agent. The wood-monomer composite was polymerized at 60°C in an air oven and the rate of heat generated was followed by means of a thermocouple placed in the center of the sample. Increasing the concentration of Vazo free radical catalyst in the basswood-MMA impregnated samples reduces the time to the exothermic peak and increases the exothermic peak temperature. High Vazo concentrations also decraase the percentage conversion of monomer to polymer. Trimethyl propane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) crosslinker reduces the time to the exothermic peak and dramatically increases the exothermic peak temperature. The use of a crosslinker rapidly increases the initial viscosity of the system, and therefore, the autoacceleration of the polymerization is more pronounced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 6 (1972), S. 85-94 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary One of the problem areas in the kiln drying of western hemlock lumber is the wide variation in final moisture content of the wood. This variation in moisture content is due to the presence of sinker or wetwood in the heartwood. The features of wetwood which differentiate it from the normal heartwood include higher specific gravity, higher extractives content, and lower permeability. The apparent higher specific gravity can be fully accounted for by the higher extractives content. The principial extractive is α-conidendrin. The wetwood in western hemlock often occurs together with ring shake and under these circumstances the white deposit on the shake surfaces is also α-conidendrin and not matairesinol, the substance usually associated with ring shake in western hemlock. A viewpoint is presented on the origin of wetwood as the endproduct of a reaction by the tree to injury, i.e., ring shake, in which additional extractives are deposited. The extractives result in a greatly lowered permeability, which prevents loss of moisture during heartwood formation and thereby resulting in wetwood. Bacteria usually found in wetwood and responsible for many of the symptoms associated with wetwood are a result of the high moisture content which favors bacterial growth in wood. Presumably, the two primary sources of loss in kiln drying of western hemlock, shake and wetwood, are often intimately associated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 6 (1972), S. 121-127 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Since the discovery of tyloses in the secondary xylem of angiosperms, their occurence has been noted only for vessels, although parenchyma cells necessary for their formation are also associated with fibriform elements. Sporadic remarks about tyloses in tracheids related to gymnosperm species, and the only observation on tyloses in angiosperm tracheids has been identified as an error. An anatomical investigation of various magnoliaceous timbers has now demonstrated that a development of tyloses in fibre-tracheids can also be regarded as a part of the normal transition from sapwood to heartwood in angiosperms. More than half of the 22 species studied were characterized not only by tyloses in the vessels but also in the fibretracheids. All the main genera with the exception of Liriodendron show the development of tyloses in the two different xylem elements. Distribution, frequency, and type of tyloses in the fibretracheids are comparable with those in the vessels.—Further investigations on other species of Magnoliaceae are undertaken in order to clarify possible anatomical relations regarding the development of tyloses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 4 (1970), S. 284-291 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The influence of strong alkaline attack on the elastic modulus of beech wood was investigated from a physico-chemical point of view. It was shown that by treating rather large samples with 24% caustic potash solution, part of the hemicelluloses and lignin is removed; also wood shrinks more that three times as much as normally. This has no effect on the net cell wall elastic properties of the wood in spite of statements by other authors on milder treatment. It is supposed that such a treatment triggers a dissolution of the so-called sparingly-soluble hemicelluloses up to an extent by which wood is densified without loosing its structure. Further investigations will be carried out on the general properties of wood subjected to this kind of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 74 (1973), S. 1-16 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. DasGeruchsorgan von 30 Teleosteerarten aus vier Familien der Zahnkarpfen (Cyprinodontidae, Jenynsiidae, Anablepidae und Poeciliidae) wird untersucht and der am häufigsten vertretene Bautyp beschrieben. 2. Die auf einem flachen Riechhöhlenboden angeordnete Riechschleimhaut besteht aus Sinnesepithel, das durch hervortretende Leisten aus indifferentem Epithel in zahlreiehe Riechepithelfelder aufgeteilt ist. 3. Diese Leisten entstehen nicht wie Riechfalten, sondern wachsen vom Rand der Riechschleimhaut nach innen und zerteilen das anfangs zusammenhängende Sinnesepithel. Sie ähneln Bildungen im Geruchsraum anderer Fishhe, sind aber nicht als Riechfaltenrudimente aufzufassen. 4. Die flache Anordnung dieser Riechschleimhaut wird als eine speziellen morphologischen Verhältnissen (flache Schädelform und flashes Riechhöhlenlumen) angepaßte Auskleidung der Riechhöhle aufgefaßt.
    Notes: Summary 1. The olfactory organs of 30 teleost species of four cyprinodontoid families (Cyprinodontidae, Jenynsiidae, Anablepidae, Poeciliidae) are studied and the type most commonly found is described. 2. The olfactory epithelium was found to be confined to the planar lower surface of the olfactory chamber and to contain sensory and indifferent epithelium. The sensory epithelium is separated into distinct areas by ridges of indifferent cells. 3. These ridges grow in towards the center of the sensory epithelium from the sides of the olfactory chamber in a different way from that in which olfactory lamellae are formed. These ridges are similar to the formations found in the olfactory chamber in some fish species, but are not thought to be rudimentary lamellae. 4. The planar surface of the olfactory epithelium is considered to be an adaptation to special morphological factors (flat head and olfactory chamber).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 66 (1970), S. 224-241 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Green, blue and violet colours of Lycaenidae examined by us — with the exception of Rapala arata (Theclinae) — are due to iridescent scales which are arranged before a dark background. The iridescent scales are constructed according to the Urania-type and may be diverted from pigmented scales by laying in equidistant lamellae and little cuticular bars, which maintain the distance between the lamellae. The ribs in the longitudinal axis of the scales contain lamellae and bars only in the Plebejinae, in Lycaeninae and Theclinae they are small and sit on the plain upperside of the scale with a narrow base.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 66 (1970), S. 299-309 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The laryngi of the Central European and the Mediterranean treefrog exhibit a great morphological similarity. It suggests that mechanisms of the CNS and not the laryngi determine the patterns of the mating calls which are very different in these two species of treefrogs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 66 (1970), S. 337-399 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The goatsuckers are able to enlarge the opening of the mouth in two dimensions. A very broadened occipital region, a division of the Musculus pterygoideus in two parts, and two pairs of highly adapted intramandibular articulations are the morphological conditions for the mechanism. The jaws are spread by several simultaneous movements. As a result of these movements the five parts of the lower jaw, the two quadrates and the skull base integrate into the annular gular frame of the expanded mouth. The unusual kinetik is an adaptation to nocturnal living.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 67 (1970), S. 29-39 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pterastericola fedotovi Beklemishev, 1916, is reinvestigated. The family Pterastericolidae is retained. It holds a transitory position between the turbellarians and the monogenetic trematodes. A phenomenon regarded by the author as a bacterial infection of the worm, is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 71 (1972), S. 160-179 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ecdysis of the embryonic cuticle has been studied in detail. The initiation and mechanical processes involved in this ecdysis, and the associated differential size increases of cuticular parts have been given most attention. The roles of air swallowing and of thoracic contraction are most imoprtant for rupturing the old cuticle, while abdominal contractions assist the whole process. Some specialized cuticular structures are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The turbellarian Triloborhynchus psilastericola n.sp. (family Pterastericolidae) occurs in the starfish Psilaster andromeda. On approaching maturation it moves from the host's coelom into the glandular pockets of the pyloric caeca with simultaneous loss of almost the entire ciliation. Mature turbellarians feed on the tissue of the pyloric caeca.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 72 (1972), S. 1-25 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The spinning apparatus of the “Haplogynae” was studied in cribellate and ecribellate families of this group. Profound differences were encountered between the species investigated. It is concluded that the group of the “Haplogynae” is polyphyletic and can not be maintained in a phylogenetic system of the Araneae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Holzbienen verwenden beim Nektarraub zum Durchlöchern enger Blumenkronröhren nicht die Mandibeln, sondern den vorgestreckten stärren Rüssel als dolchartiges Stechorgan. Ihr Rüssel ist vor allem durch eine stärkere Sklerotisierung, Umformung and Verfalzung der Galeae der Maxillen funktionell zu einem kräftigen Stechorgan geworden. In Übereinstimmung damit wird der Rüssel in Funktionsstellung am Kopf stabiler verankert. Sie verwenden den Rüssel in erster Linie zum Öffnen mechanisch schwer zugänglicher Nektarquellen. 2. Solche schwer zugänglichen Nektarquellen linden sich z. B. in den Blüten von Calotropis procera. Der Eingangsschlitz der Nektarbehälter ist zwar federnd, aber so fest geschlossen, daß ihn nur Holzbienen mit ihrem kräftigen und starren Russel öffnen können. In diesem Zusammenhang wird Calotropis procera erneut als X ylocopa Blume erkannt. 3. Die Holzbienen wurden vor allem wegen der dichten und kräftigen Behaarung ihrer Hinterbeine bisher zumeist als reine Beinsammler angesehen. Sie sind aber, wenn nicht vorwiegend, so doch in gleichem Maße Kropfsammler, die den vom Körperrücken abgekehrten Blütenstaub im Kropf heimtragen. Ein wahrscheinlich ursprünglich nur der Reinigung der Vorderbeine dienender Putzapparat an den Maxillen wird als ein sehr wirksamer Pollenabnehmer erkannt. Er befindet sich an den Stipites der Maxillen and dient der Übernahme des Pollens von den Vorderbeinen durch die Mundteile.
    Notes: Summary 1. Carpenter bees, if they are nectar robbing, do not use the mandibles for the perforation of a narrow flowertube, but their strong proboscis which when it is stretched out, is used as a piercing organ, like a case-knife. The galeae of the maxillae are not only heavy sclerotised, but also transformed and linked together tightly, which form the piercing organ. In the main the carpenter bees use their strong proboscis for the opening of such nectaries or nectarholders which are difficult accessible. 2. Such nectarholders we find in the blossoms of Calotropis procera. The lips of the narrow entrance to the nectar are pressed together very strongly so that it only can be opened by the hard proboscis of a carpenter bee. Calotropis procera therefore is called a Xylocopa-flower. 3. Because of the very hairy metatarsus and tibia of the hind legs, the Xylocopa bees were designed mainly as podilegide bees. But at least in the same degree they collect pollen with their fore legs and mouthparts and transport it home within their foregut. A comb on the stipes of their maxillae which probabely was used originally as a cleaning one, is now working very successfully as a pollen collector. The function of this morphological detail of the proboscis was unknown till today.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 68 (1970), S. 300-307 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cuticle of Dinophilus, consisting of four different layers, is of a simple structure. The outer layer, composed of uniform globules, borders on processes in which the epidermal cells terminate. As to its structure, the cuticle of Dinophilus seems to be a larval type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 68 (1970), S. 370-389 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Descriptions are given of the tooth skeleton of two species of Gnathostomata. Fundamental differences in the constructions of tooth elements of Gnathostomata compared with those of regular sea urchins are discussed. In the author's opinion the teeth of Gnathostomata are not to be derived from the teeth of any order of post paleozoic regular sea urchins, and the Gnathostomata is thought to be a monophyletic group of its own.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Skeletal differences in the lateral thoracico-abdominal regions of fifth instar and adult Notonecta appear to reflect respiratory differences in the two stages. Changes in the epidermis of this region during the last instar are described, and the possible relationships between the epidermis, nymphal cuticle, and imaginal cuticle are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 69 (1971), S. 273-282 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Coelo-rectal pygidial pores were found in the anal area of marine enchytraeids (Lumbricillus lineatus, Marionina spicula, Enchytraeus albidus) from the mud-flats of the Isle of Sylt. The structure and function of these pores have been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 70 (1971), S. 229-237 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The omasal surface with a range of horny papillae and stratum corneum has been examined using scanning electron microscopy. Other features of interest described include pits or holes in the surface of these corneal cells and hair-like structures associated with the lamina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 70 (1971), S. 253-280 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The microanatomy of the dorsal giant fibers of Lumbricus terrestris is described systematically. Moreover, two afferent giant interneurons and 4 pairs of giant motor neurons are individually identified. The results are compared with the physiological data so far available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 92
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The spermatophores of Amblypygi and Uropygi are complicated structurs and vary in different species. In Mastigoproctus, the size and shape of the spermatophores prevent bastardation between M. giganteus and M. brasilianus. Taxonomic and phylogenetical implications are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 71 (1972), S. 150-159 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The neurosecretion of the subeerebral glands (part of the so-called retrocerebral organ) in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 71 (1972), S. 189-202 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The integument of the Kinorhynch Trachydemus giganteus was investigated by means of electron microscope. It was found that the epidermis is composed of individual cells. The cuticle and receptor cells, which in part bear an apical cilium, exhibit arthropod characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 95
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the electric fishes Gymnarchus niloticus (Mormyriformes) and Electrophorus electricus (Gymnotoidei, Cypriniformes) the specific sensory organs have been counted on whole mounts of the skin. Their number exceeds that one which would fulfill the theoretical demands for a highly sensitive electro-receptor system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 72 (1972), S. 26-35 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Von Proben aus dem Ross-Meer (Antarktis) liegen vier Echiurida-Kopflappen vor, welche zwei neuen Arten angehören: 1. Der Kopflappen von Binoraphorus geminolobotus n. g. n. sp. weist eine symmetrische Verdoppelung im Organaufbau auf, — einschließlich einer paarigen äuBeren Mundöffnung; der ventromediane Längssteg und die terminale Zweilappigkeit vertiefen die Besonderheiten des Zwillings-Kopflappen. 2. Die drei Kopflappen von Echiurus torulobotus n.sp. zeigen gleich jenen des arktisch-borealen E. echiurus einen proximalen medioventralen Wulst; die neue Art erweist sich jedoch im geographischen Vorkommen eindeutig abgegrenzt.
    Notes: Summary Samples from the Ross Sea (Antarctic) contained four prostomia (“probosces”) of Echiurida which belong to two new species: 1. The prostomium of Binoraphorus geminolobotus n. g. n. sp. shows a symmetrical arrangement of double organs. This unique dual prostomium is externally marked by two mouth openings, by a ventromedian ridge and by a bilobed distal end. 2. The typical echiurid prostomium of Echiurus torulobotus n. sp. possesses a proximal swelling similar to that of Echiurus echiurus. It must be stated, however, that the latter is without exception a boreal-arctic form, and the present prostomia belong therefore to a geographically separated species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 73 (1972), S. 315-324 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am Auge von Ceratophyllus zeigen, daß es keinem der bislang beschriebenen Ommatiden-Bautypen bei Insekten zuzuordnen ist. Der Rezeptorteil des Auges besteht aus über 100 Retinulazellen. (Beim Igelfloh Archaeopsylla sind es sogar über 300.) Diese bilden im Zentrum ein sehr voluminöses Rhabdom. Auf Querschnitten ist dieses aus Bändern geformt, die unregelmäßige Muster bilden. Außerdem liegen um dieses zentrale Rhabdom herum noch zahlreiche kleinere Rhabdomere bzw. Rhabdome. In ihrer Gesamtheit sollen sic als laterales Rhabdom bezeichnet werden. Distal ist es mit dem zentralen verbunden, basalwärts trennt es sich von diesem, um dann noch weiter proximal dessen zentrale Position einzunchmen. Beim Igelfloh dagegen ist nur ein Zentralrhabdom ausgebildet. Die von einer Neurallamelle umgebenen Axone sind von unterschiedlicher Dicke. Sic verlassen den Bereich der Sehzellen in kleineren oder größeren Gruppen, treten jedoch schon nach einer kurzen Strecke zu einem einheitlichen Nerven zusammen. Der cuticulare Teil des Auges besteht aus einer dicken, bikonvexen, außen völlig glatten Cornealinse und einem tief in das Innere des Kopfes hineinragenden Becher. Dieser besitzt proximal eine exzentrisch liegende Öffnung für die Axone, Tracheolen und die Lymphe. Becher und Linse werden von schmalen Epithelzellen ausgekleidet. Ein Kristallkegel ist nicht vorhanden. Schirmpigmenthaltige Zellen fehlen eben-falls.
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic investigations on the eye of Ceratophyllus prove that its construction does not match any type of ommatidia as yet described in insects. The perceiving part of the eye consists of more than I00 retinula cells (in the hedgehog flea more than 300). They form a bulky central rhabdom. Cross-sections of the rhabdom reveal ligaments forming irregular patterns. The central rhabdom is surrounded by numerous smaller rhabdoms (or rhabdomeres), collectively described as a lateral rhabdom. At the distal end the lateral and central rhabdoms are connected; towards the basis they part, and further proximally, the lateral rhabdom assumes the position of the central rhabdom. However, in Archaeopsylla only a central rhabdom occurs. The axons are surrounded by a neural lamina, and vary in diameter. They leave the retinular area in smaller or larger groups, but soon merge to form a homogeneous nerve. The cuticula part of the eye consists of a thick biconvex corneal lens completely smooth on its surface and of a cup projecting deeply into the head. Proximally, the cup has a eccentric opening through which pass axons, trachooles and hemolymph. Cup and lens are lined with small epithelial cells. Neither cristal cone nor as pigment cells are present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 75 (1973), S. 1-50 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit enthält eine detaillierte Beschreibung des Spinnapparates der orthognathen SpinnenNemesia caementaria Latr. (Ctenizidae),Atypus piceus Sulz. undAtypus affinis Eichw. (Atypidae). An jungen und adulten Tieren werden zunächst die Organe in ihrem äußeren Aufba behandelt und aufgrund der zugehörigen Muskulatur homologisiert. Eine genaue lichtmikroskopische Untersuchung beschreibt u.a. Kutikulardifferenzierungen, verschiedene Spulentypen und die ihnen zugehörenden Drüsen. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird dem histologischen Aufbau dieser Organe, dem gewidmet. Die Ergehnisse werden mit anderen aus der Literatur bekannten Befunden und der Lengsweise einzelner Arten verligchen. Die Atypidae erweisen rich hierbei in einzelnen Merkmalen als hochspezialisiert. Allerdings treten apomorphe und plesiomorphe Merkmalsausbildungen wechselseitig sowohl bei den Atypidae wie auch bei den Ctenizidae auf. Solange die entsprechuden Merkmale bei anderen Familien der Araneae nicht genau untersucht sind, läßt sich dei Monophylie der Orthognatha nicht mit Sicherheit begründen. Nach dem augenblicklichen Kenntnisstand erscheint jedoch eine Beibehaltung der Aufgliederung der Araneae in die Unterordnungen Orthognatha und Labidognatha gerechfertigt. Ein besonderes Kapitel der Arbeit ist die Untersuchungsmethodik gewidmet, bei der teilweise neue Wege beschritten werden.
    Notes: Summary The paper contains the completed parts of the work of the late Lothar Glatz, a study originally meant to include members of all relevant taxa within the Araneae. Only the Orthognatha are dealt with in detail. All further systematic conclusions are therefore fragmentary. Special methods of preparation and coloration were developed to obtain maximum insight into the structure of the spinning apparatus. For the Orthognath genera Nemesia and Atypus a detailed description of the different types of spools and glands and of the various muscles of the spinning apparratus is given. Special attention was given to the histological and histochemical study of the various types of glands and of their secretions. The spinnerets of the genusNemesia are compared those of other Orthognatha, particulary with respect to the muscular system. The genusAtypus, which in part exhibits strongly apomorphous characteristics, is treated in the same manner. These results and other characteristics (e.g. behaviour) known from the literature are used as the basis of an attempt to demonstrate the plesiomorphous state of the spinning apparatus in the Orthognatha.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 99
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The labellar taste hairs of the blow flies, Phormia regina and Calliphora vicina, have an opening mechanism at the tip which consists of two stump cuticular prongs and a funnel-like cuticular pouch. Opening and folding of these structures are regulated by the pressure within the dendrite-free lumen of the hair. The extrusion of viscous substance at the tip of the taste hair is possible through spongy cuticle and one pore in each prong; it seems likewise to depend on the pressure within the dendrite-free lumen and results in regional collapsing of this lumen. Described and discussed are: The cuticle and pores of the structures at the hair tip, pore filaments which extend from the dendrites, and the number and arrangement of the dendrites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 100
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Der Faden, den die Larve von Rhynchaenus fagi für die Herstellung ihres Puppenkokons erzeugt, besteht im wesentlichen aus Chitin und wird innerhalb des Mitteldarmes hergestellt. 2. Das Chitin wird in Form von typischer peritrophischer Membran (=pM) mit Gitter- bis Wabentextur erzeugt. Eine amorphe Grundsubstanz fehlt. 3. Die pM wird bei fressenden and spinnenden Larven in einem auf den „Magen” folgenden Mitteldarmabschnitt gebildet. Bei spinnenden Larven ist dieser Darmabschnitt verdickt, and die pM entsteht durch extrem synchrone Delamination. 4. Die Mikrofibrillen der pM haben unterschiedliche Durchmesser von etwa 100–500 Å and Längen von mindestens 30 μm. 5. Die Umformung der pM zum soliden Faden erfolgt in einem nur bei spinnenden Larven ausdifferenzierten Mitteldarmabschnitt (Spinndarm), der mit einer höchst aktiven Peristaltik die Umformung des Faddes and gleichzeitig dessen Weitertransport übernimmt. Eine Bewegungsanalyse des Spinndarms wird gegebon. 6. Bereits im Spinndarm setzt ein Sklerotisiorungsprozeß ein, der den Faden verfestigt. 7. In den auf den Spinndarm folgenden Darmabschnitten kann sich bis zu 30 cm gebrauchsfertiger Faden ansammeln. 8. Bei 21°C wird der Faden mit einer Geschwindigkeit von etwa 10 mm/min hergestellt. 9. Eine Larve produziert fur ihren Kokon durchschnittlich 11 ± 2 m Faden.
    Notes: Summary 1. The thread produced by the larva of Rhynchaenus fagi to build cocoon consists mainly of chitin and is produced within the midgut. its 2. The chitin is produced as a typical Peritrophic membrane (=pM) with a. grid texture and honeycomb texture. There is no amorphous ground substance 3. The pM originates in feeding as well as in spinning larvae in a midgut section after the “stomach”. In spinning larvae this midgut section is thickened and the pM there is due to extreme synchronous delamination. 4. The microfibrils of the pM vary in diameter between approximately 100 and 500 A and are of at least 30 μm long. 5. The transformation of the pM to the solid thread occurs only in a special midgut section (thread gut), which is only differentiated in spinning larvae. The thread gut takes over the formation of the thread and simultaneously its transportation, with very active peristalsis. An analysis of the movement of the thread gut is given. 6. Even in the thread gut a sclerotization process takes place which hardens the thread. 7. The gut sections following the thread gut can collect up to 30 em of usable thread. 8. At 21°C the thread is produced at a velocity of approximately 10 mm/min. 9. One larva produces an average of 11 ± 2 m of thread for its cocoon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...