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  • Springer  (3,531,822)
  • Wiley  (1,037,704)
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  • 1
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    Effects of environmental and climatic drivers on abyssal macrobenthic infaunal communities from the NE Pacific nodule province (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: The macrofauna in soft sediments of the deep seafloor is generally diverse and represents a comparatively well-studied faunal group of deep-sea ecosystems. In the abyss of the Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ) in the NE Pacific, macrofauna are major contributors to benthic biodiversity. Their distribution, composition, and diversity have been frequently investigated to assess the potential impacts of future mining activities on the resident fauna. In this study, patterns of densities and community structure of CCFZ macrobenthic infauna and their relationships with a range of environmental and climatic variables were examined, with a special focus on communities from the eastern German contract area (referred to as BGR CA). However, comparisons were also made with other contractor areas (e.g., IFREMER, IOM, GSR) and one Area of Particular Environmental Interest (APEI3). Material for this study was obtained by means of a box corer during six expeditions to the CCFZ between 2013 and 2018 resulting in 148 samples. Our study uncovered notable spatial and temporal variations in both faunal densities and community composition. While areas within the BGR CA exhibited a similar community composition, slight differences were observed between the various CAs and APEI3. Surprisingly, we found an unexpected negative correlation between food availability and both macrofaunal density and community structure that may be attributed to differences in sampling methodologies and pronounced temporal variation. Furthermore, we explored the impact of climatic fluctuations associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on macrofaunal densities, observing an increase during warm (El Niño) events. Our findings underscore the challenges of accurately assessing spatial and temporal variations in the absence of standardised sampling protocols. Hence, we emphasize the importance of adopting standardised protocols to enhance data comparability, thereby fostering a deeper understanding of the underlying factors influencing spatial and temporal changes in macrofauna community structure within the CCFZ.
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  • 2
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    Lithospheric Structure Controls Sequentially Active Detachment Faulting at the Longqi Segment on the Southwest Indian Ridge (2023)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: Oceanic detachment faulting, a major mode of seafloor accretion at slow and ultraslow spreading ridges, is thought to occur during magma‐poor phases and be abandoned when magmatism increases. In this framework, detachment faulting is the result of temporal variations in magma flux, which is inconsistent with recent geophysical observations at the Longqi segment on the Southwest Indian Ridge (49°42′E). In this paper, we focus on this sequentially active detachment faulting system that includes an old, inactive detachment fault and a younger, active detachment fault. We investigate the mechanisms controlling the temporal evolution of this tectonomagmatic system by using 2D mid‐ocean ridge spreading models that simulate faulting and magma intrusion into a visco‐elasto‐plastic continuum. Our models show that temporal variations in magma flux alone are insufficient to match the inferred temporal evolution of the sequentially active detachment system. Rather we find that sequentially active detachment faulting spontaneously occurs at the Longqi segment as a function of lithospheric thickness. This finding is in agreement with an analytical model, which shows that a thicker axial lithosphere results in a smaller fault heave and that a flatter angle in lithosphere thickening away from the accretion axis stabilizes the active fault. A thicker axial lithosphere and its flatter off‐axis angle combined have the potential to modulate sequentially active detachment faulting at the Longqi segment. Our results thus suggest that temporal changes of magmatism are not necessary for the development and abandonment of detachment faults at ultraslow spreading ridges.
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  • 3
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    Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Spionidae and Poecilochaetidae (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: This paper represents a continuation of taxonomic publications on the benthic fauna of polymetallic nodule fields in the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) using material collected during baseline environmental survey work targeting two exploration contract areas (“UK-1” and “OMS”) and one Area of Particular Environmental Interest, “APEI-6.” Families Poecilochaetidae Hannerz, 1956 and Spionidae Grube, 1850 of the annelid suborder Spioniformia were studied here. Taxonomic data are presented for 25 species from 98 records as identified by a combination of morphological and genetic approaches. Although sub-optimal morphological condition can prevent new species being formally described, it is essential that morphological, molecular, and voucher data are made available for future surveys. Descriptions of two new species— Poecilochaetus brenkei sp. nov. and Laonice shulseae sp. nov.—increase the number of formally described new annelid species from the areas targeted in this study to 15 and CCZ-wide to 46. We also discuss the commonly reported “cosmopolitan” deep-sea spionid Aurospio dibranchiata Maciolek, 1981, which we show represents several genetically distinct species (three of these from CCZ area alone) but without reliable morphological characters to separate them. Molecular data provide evidence that 15 out of 25 species reported here have a wide distribution within the eastern CCZ and that Aurospio sp. “NHM_2186” and the known species Prionospio amarsupiata Neal & Altamira in Paterson et al. 2016 may be cosmopolitan. Lastly, the molecular data provide insights into relationships within Spioniformia, suggesting that both Poecilochaetidae and Trochochaetidae belong within Spionidae.
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  • 4
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    Deconvolving feeding niches and strategies of abyssal holothurians from their stable isotope, amino acid, and fatty acid composition (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Holothurians are the dominant megabenthic deposit feeders in the Peru Basin (SE Pacific) and feed to various degrees of selectivity on a heterogenous pool of sedimentary detritus, but drivers of feeding selectivity and diet preferences for most holothurian species are unknown. This study reconstructs the diets of 13 holothurian species of the orders Elasipodida, Holothuriida, and Synallactida. Bulk stable isotope analyses (δ13C, δ15N) of holothurian body wall and gut wall tissues, gut contents, and feces were combined with compound-specific stable isotope analyses of amino acids, phospholipid-derived fatty acids, and neutral-lipid-derived fatty acids in the body wall. We further assessed how holothurians in the Peru Basin partition their resources and calculated how much of the daily particulate organic carbon (POC) flux to the area is ingested by them using information about gut contents of nine species. To assess the dependence of holothurians on fresh phytodetritus, we performed in situ pulse-chase experiments using 13C- and 15N-enriched phytodetritus. By measuring the uptake of this phytodetritus in fatty acids and amino acids and by comparing it with the presence of these compounds in the sediment, we calculated net accumulation and net deficiency for specific fatty acids and amino acids and discussed how climate change might affect the dependence on specific compounds. A Sørensen–Dice coefficient-based cluster analysis using data from trophic levels, levels of heterotrophic re-synthesis of amino acids, feeding selectivity, and food sources/diet suggested two major trophic groups with two optional subgroups each. Species-specific traits of locomotion, tentacle morphology, and gut structure likely allow resource partitioning and differences in selectivity among the holothurians, of which a subpopulation of 65% of all specimens can ingest 4 to 27% of the daily POC flux to the Peru Basin. Holothurians are specifically dependent on the uptake of arachidonic acid from phytodetritus, while most essential amino acids are available in the Peru Basin in sufficient concentrations.
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  • 5
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    Biodiversity of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone: a worm perspective (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: The deep seafloor of the Northeastern Pacific Ocean between the Clarion and Clipperton Fracture Zones (CCZ) hosts large deposits of polymetallic nodules that are of great commercial interest as they are rich in valuable metals such as manganese, nickel, copper and cobalt. However, mining of these nodules has the potential to severely affect the benthic fauna, whose distribution and diversity are still poorly understood. The CCZ is characterized by strong gradients in sea surface productivity and hence changes in the amount of organic carbon reaching the seafloor, decreasing from mesotrophic conditions in the southeast to oligotrophic conditions in the northwest. Uncovering and understanding changes in community composition and structure along this productivity gradient are challenging but important, especially in the context of future mining impacts. Here, we summarize published data on benthic annelids (polychaetes), a major component of macrobenthic communities in the CCZ. Unlike previous studies, we attempt to explore all available data based on both morphology and genetics collected by box corer and epibenthic sledge. In this regard, we specifically aimed to (a) summarize and compare morphological and molecular data in relation to surface water nutrient conditions and (b) provide recommendations to advance the studies of polychaete biodiversity. Although initial studies on polychaetes in the CCZ were performed as far back as the 1970s, there are still large data gaps further explored in our review. For example, most of the current data are from the eastern CCZ, limiting understanding of species ranges across the region. An association between polychaete communities and the available food supply was generally observed in this study. Indeed, mesotrophic conditions supported higher abundance and species richness in polychaetes as a whole, but for certain groups of species, the patterns appear to be opposite — illustrating that relationships are likely more complex at lower taxonomic levels. A better understanding of biogeographical, ecological and evolutionary processes requires a concerted effort involving increased sampling and sharing of data and material to close existing knowledge gaps.
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  • 6
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    Enhanced Phosphate Consumption Stimulated by Nitrogen Fixation Within a Cyclonic Eddy in the Northwest Pacific (2023)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Mesoscale eddies are common in the subtropical Northwest Pacific, however, relatively little is known about their spatial variability and temporal evolution, and how these impact upper ocean biogeochemistry. Here we investigate these using observations of a cyclonic eddy carried out along four sequential transects. Consistent with previous observations of cyclonic eddies, the eddy core had doming isopycnals, bringing elevated nutrient waters nearer to the surface. However, we also found that the upper layer of the eddy above the nutricline had significantly lower phosphate concentrations within its core relative to its edge. We attributed this to elevated N 2 fixation within the eddy core, which was likely driven by enhanced subsurface iron supply, ultimately resulting in increased phosphate consumption. Eddy‐enhanced N 2 fixation was additionally supported by the elevation of nitrate + nitrite to phosphate ratios below the euphotic zone. Moreover, we observed that while the upward displacement of isopycnals within the eddy core led to an increase in phytoplankton biomass in the lower euphotic zone, there was no significant increase in total phytoplankton biomass across the entire euphotic zone. Cyclonic eddies in the subtropical North Pacific are projected to be becoming more frequent, implying that such dynamics could become increasingly important for regulating nutrient biogeochemistry and ultimately productivity of the region. Key Points Lower phosphate concentrations were observed above the nutricline within the eddy core in comparison to the edge Enhanced N2 fixation within the eddy core is proposed to have driven increased phosphate consumption No substantial total phytoplankton biomass increase was found within the eddy core
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  • 7
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    Positioning possibilities for human geographies of the sea: Automatic Identification Systems and its role in spatialising understandings of shipping (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geography Compass, Wiley, 18(4), ISSN: 1749-8198
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: This paper positions possibilities for human geographies of the sea. The growing volume of work under this banner has been largely qualitative in its approach, reflecting, in turn, the questions posed by oceanic scholars. These questions necessitate corresponding methods. Whilst this is not necessarily a problem, and the current corpus of work has offered many significant contributions, in making sense of the human dimensions of maritime worlds, other questions—and methods—may generate knowledge that is useful within this remit of work. This paper considers the place of quantitative approaches in posing lines of enquiry about shipping, one of the prominent areas of concern under the banner of ‘human geographies of the seas’. There is longstanding work in transport geographies concerned with shipping, logistics, freight movement and global connections, which embraces quantitative methods which could be bridged to ask fresh questions about oceanic spatial phenomena past and present. This paper reviews the state of the art of human geographies of the sea and transport geographies and navigates how the former field may be stimulated by some of the interests of the latter and a broader range of questions about society-sea-space relations. The paper focuses on Automatic Identification Systems (or AIS) as a potentially useful tool for connecting debates, and deepening spatial understandings of the seas and shipping beyond current scholarship. To advance the argument the example of shipping layups is used to illustrate or rather, position, the point.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 8
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    Biological Clocks and!Rhythms in Polar Organisms (2020)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Polar Night Marine Ecology_ Life and Light in the Dead of Night, Advances in Polar Ecology, Switzerland, Springer, pp. 217-240, ISBN: 978-3-030-33208-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Biological clocks are universal to all living organisms on Earth. Their ubiquity is testament to their importance to life: from cells to organs and from the simplest cyanobacteria to plants and primates, they are central to orchestrating life on this planet. Biological clocks are usually set by the day–night cycle, so what happens in polar regions during the Polar Night or Polar Day when there are periods of 24! hours of darkness or light? How would a biological clock function without a timekeeper!cycle? This chapter details evidence that biological clocks are central to structuring daily and seasonal activities in organisms at high latitudes. Importantly, despite a strongly reduced or absent day–night cycle, biological clocks in the Polar Night still appear to be regulated by background illumination. Here we explore evidence for highly cyclic activity, from behaviour patterns to clock gene expression, in copepods, krill and bivalves. The ultimate goal will be to understand the role of endogenous clocks in driving important daily and seasonal life cycle functions and to determine scope for plasticity in a rapidly changing environment.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
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    Positioning possibilities for human geographies of the sea: Automatic Identification Systems and its role in spatialising understandings of shipping (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geography Compass, Wiley, 18(4), ISSN: 1749-8198
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: This paper positions possibilities for human geographies of the sea. The growing volume of work under this banner has been largely qualitative in its approach, reflecting, in turn, the questions posed by oceanic scholars. These questions necessitate corresponding methods. Whilst this is not necessarily a problem, and the current corpus of work has offered many significant contributions, in making sense of the human dimensions of maritime worlds, other questions—and methods—may generate knowledge that is useful within this remit of work. This paper considers the place of quantitative approaches in posing lines of enquiry about shipping, one of the prominent areas of concern under the banner of ‘human geographies of the seas’. There is longstanding work in transport geographies concerned with shipping, logistics, freight movement and global connections, which embraces quantitative methods which could be bridged to ask fresh questions about oceanic spatial phenomena past and present. This paper reviews the state of the art of human geographies of the sea and transport geographies and navigates how the former field may be stimulated by some of the interests of the latter and a broader range of questions about society-sea-space relations. The paper focuses on Automatic Identification Systems (or AIS) as a potentially useful tool for connecting debates, and deepening spatial understandings of the seas and shipping beyond current scholarship. To advance the argument the example of shipping layups is used to illustrate or rather, position, the point.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    Sustainable Development Disciplines for Humanity (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: This Open Access book provides eight problem solving lectures for sustainable development for people, peace, and partnerships. Those are three of the five keywords for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): people, the planet, prosperity, peace, and partnerships or “the 5Ps”. Each of these lectures is classified into one of the keywords for SDGs and based on the history of social thought, human development, law, education, sociology, and peace studies. Further, each lecture delineates the essence of each discipline when it is practically applied to development studies. This book, Sustainable Development Disciplines for Humanity, along with its sister volume related to the planet and prosperity, Society, will be useful in studying development. Interdisciplinary research is necessary to achieve the SDGs advocated by the United Nations. Hence, it is essential to learn the basics of individual disciplines, as they each offer ample knowledge fostering problem solving through the accumulation of existing research. This and its sister volume are the first comprehensive textbooks summarizing the essence of each necessary discipline to approach development studies from an interdisciplinary perspective. In developing countries, this book will provide access to development research for readers aiming to further develop their own nations. Moreover, in developed countries, the book will provide access to problem-solving research for readers seeking holistic solutions to complex social problems.
    Keywords: Development Studies ; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ; Social Welfare ; Human Rights ; Development education ; Sociological approach to development ; Public Private Partnership (PPP) ; Peace Studies ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Mögliche Beiträge geologischer und mariner Kohlenstoffspeicher zur Dekarbonisierung (2024)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Es werden mögliche Beiträge geologischer und mariner Kohlenstoffspeicher für die Vermeidung von CO2-Emissionen in die Atmosphäre oder für die Entnahme von bereits emittiertem CO2 aus der Atmosphäre vorgestellt. Neben der Einlagerung von CO2 in geologischen Speichern unter Land und unter dem Meeresboden werden eine forcierte CO2-Entnahme aus der Atmosphäre und Abgabe in den Ozean durch Erhöhung der Alkalinität, durch Ozeandüngung und durch das Management vegetationsreicher Küstenökosysteme untersucht. Alle Optionen können sowohl global als auch aus deutscher Perspektive eine Rolle für das Erreichen der Klimaziele spielen. Umweltverträglichkeit, Permanenz der Speicherung sowie infrastrukturelle und rechtliche Voraussetzungen, gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz und wirtschaftliche Realisierbarkeit bedürfen für alle Ansätze weiterer Klärung, bevor hieraus realisierbare Optionen werden können.
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  • 12
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    Accuracy of Ocean CO 2 Uptake Estimates at a Risk by a Reduction in the Data Collection (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Observation‐based quantification of ocean carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) uptake relies on synthesis data sets such as the Surface Ocean CO 2 ATlas (SOCAT). However, the data collection effort has dramatically declined and the number of annual data sets in SOCATv2023 decreased by ∼35% from 2017 to 2021. This decline has led to a 65% increase (from 0.15 to 0.25 Pg C yr −1 ) in the standard deviation of seven SOCAT‐based air‐sea CO 2 flux estimates. Reducing the availability of the annual data to that in the year 2000 creates substantial bias (50%) in the long‐term flux trend. The annual mean CO 2 flux is insensitive to the seasonal skew of the SOCAT data and to the addition of the lower accuracy data set available in SOCAT. Our study highlights the need for sustained data collection and synthesis, to inform the Global Carbon Budget assessment, the UN‐led climate negotiations, and measurement, reporting, and verification of ocean‐based CO 2 removal projects. Plain Language Summary The Surface Ocean CO 2 ATlas (SOCAT) data set plays a crucial role in estimating the ocean carbon sink component of the Global Carbon Budget. However, the number of data sets available in SOCAT each year has drastically decreased since 2017. This study shows that the uncertainty in the data‐based ocean CO 2 flux estimate has increased by 65% due to this decline in data availability. The estimated fluxes, especially the long‐term flux trend, are remarkably affected by the data availability in SOCAT, reducing the reliability of ocean CO 2 uptake estimates in years and regions with sparse observations. Key Points Lower surface ocean f CO 2 data availability leads to higher uncertainty in data‐based estimates of ocean CO 2 uptake The long‐term trend in the ocean CO 2 flux increases by 1.5 times for subsequent years if the data availability is reduced to that in 2000 The annual mean CO 2 flux is not sensitive to the seasonal skew in the data and to the addition of low accuracy data
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  • 13
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    Perspectives of species identification by MALDI‐TOF MS in monitoring—Stability of proteomic fingerprints in marine epipelagic copepods (2023)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Molecular Ecology Resources, Wiley, 23(5), pp. 1077-1091, ISSN: 1755-098X
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: We analysed the robustness of species identification based on proteomic composition to data processing and intraspecific variability, specificity and sensitivity of species-markers as well as discriminatory power of proteomic fingerprinting and its sensitivity to phylogenetic distance. Our analysis is based on MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry) data from 32 marine copepod species coming from 13 regions (North and Central Atlantic and adjacent seas). A random forest (RF) model correctly classified all specimens to the species level with only small sensitivity to data processing, demonstrating the strong robustness of the method. Compounds with high specificity showed low sensitivity, that is identification was based on complex pattern-differences rather than on presence of single markers. Proteomic distance was not consistently related to phylogenetic distance. A species-gap in proteome composition appeared at 0.7 Euclidean distance when using only specimens from the same sample. When other regions or seasons were included, intraspecific variability increased, resulting in overlaps of intra and inter-specific distance. Highest intraspecific distances (〉0.7) were observed between specimens from brackish and marine habitats (i.e., salinity probably affects proteomic patterns). When testing library sensitivity of the RF model to regionality, strong misidentification was only detected between two congener pairs. Still, the choice of reference library may have an impact on identification of closely related species and should be tested before routine application. We envisage high relevance of this time- and cost-efficient method for future zooplankton monitoring as it provides not only in-depth taxonomic resolution for counted specimens but also add-on information, such as on developmental stage or environmental conditions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 14
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    Essential omega‐3 fatty acids are depleted in sea ice and pelagic algae of the Central Arctic Ocean (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Change Biology, Wiley, 30(1), pp. e17090-e17090, ISSN: 1354-1013
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: Microalgae are the main source of the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), essential for the healthy development of most marine and terrestrial fauna including humans. Inverse correlations of algal EPA and DHA proportions (% of total fatty acids) with temperature have led to suggestions of a warming-induced decline in the global production of these biomolecules and an enhanced importance of high latitude organisms for their provision. The cold Arctic Ocean is a potential hotspot of EPA and DHA production, but consequences of global warming are unknown. Here, we combine a full-seasonal EPA and DHA dataset from the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO), with results from 13 previous field studies and 32 cultured algal strains to examine five potential climate change effects; ice algae loss, community shifts, increase in light, nutrients, and temperature. The algal EPA and DHA proportions were lower in the ice-covered CAO than in warmer peripheral shelf seas, which indicates that the paradigm of an inverse correlation of EPA and DHA proportions with temperature may not hold in the Arctic. We found no systematic differences in the summed EPA and DHA proportions of sea ice versus pelagic algae, and in diatoms versus non-diatoms. Overall, the algal EPA and DHA proportions varied up to four-fold seasonally and 10-fold regionally, pointing to strong light and nutrient limitations in the CAO. Where these limitations ease in a warming Arctic, EPA and DHA proportions are likely to increase alongside increasing primary production, with nutritional benefits for a non-ice-associated food web.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 15
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    Essential omega‐3 fatty acids are depleted in sea ice and pelagic algae of the Central Arctic Ocean (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Change Biology, Wiley, 30(1), pp. e17090-e17090, ISSN: 1354-1013
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: Microalgae are the main source of the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), essential for the healthy development of most marine and terrestrial fauna including humans. Inverse correlations of algal EPA and DHA proportions (% of total fatty acids) with temperature have led to suggestions of a warming-induced decline in the global production of these biomolecules and an enhanced importance of high latitude organisms for their provision. The cold Arctic Ocean is a potential hotspot of EPA and DHA production, but consequences of global warming are unknown. Here, we combine a full-seasonal EPA and DHA dataset from the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO), with results from 13 previous field studies and 32 cultured algal strains to examine five potential climate change effects; ice algae loss, community shifts, increase in light, nutrients, and temperature. The algal EPA and DHA proportions were lower in the ice-covered CAO than in warmer peripheral shelf seas, which indicates that the paradigm of an inverse correlation of EPA and DHA proportions with temperature may not hold in the Arctic. We found no systematic differences in the summed EPA and DHA proportions of sea ice versus pelagic algae, and in diatoms versus non-diatoms. Overall, the algal EPA and DHA proportions varied up to four-fold seasonally and 10-fold regionally, pointing to strong light and nutrient limitations in the CAO. Where these limitations ease in a warming Arctic, EPA and DHA proportions are likely to increase alongside increasing primary production, with nutritional benefits for a non-ice-associated food web.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 16
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    Erratum (2018)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, 63(3), pp. 1444-1444, ISSN: 0024-3590
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 17
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    High Levels of CO 2 Exchange During Synoptic‐Scale Events Introduce Large Uncertainty Into the Arctic Carbon Budget (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, Wiley, 48(9), ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-07
    Description: CO2 release from thawing permafrost is both a consequence of, and a driver for, global warming, making accurate information on the Arctic carbon cycle essential for climate predictions. Eddy covariance data obtained from Bayelva (Svalbard) in 2015, using well‐established processing and quality control techniques, indicate that most of the annual net CO2 uptake is due to high CO2 flux events in winter that are associated with strong winds and probably relate to technical limitations of the gas analyzer. Emission events may relate to either (unidentified) instrumental limitations or to physical processes such as CO2 advection. Excluding the high winter uptake events yields an annual CO2 budget close to zero; whether or not these events are included can, therefore, have a considerable effect on carbon budget calculations. Further investigation will be crucial to pinpoint the factors causing these high CO2 flux events and to derive scientifically substantiated flux processing standards.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 18
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    In contrast to diatoms, cryptophytes are susceptible to iron limitation, but not to ocean acidification (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Physiologia Plantarum, Wiley, 174(1), ISSN: 0031-9317
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-07
    Description: Previous field studies in the Southern Ocean (SO) indicated an increased occurrence and dominance of cryptophytes over diatoms due to climate change. To gain a better mechanistic understanding of how the two ecologically important SO phytoplankton groups cope with ocean acidification (OA) and iron (Fe) availability, we chose two common representatives of Antarctic waters, the cryptophyte Geminigera cryophila and the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata. Both species were grown at 2°C under different pCO2 (400 vs. 900 μatm) and Fe (0.6 vs. 1.2 nM) conditions. For P. subcurvata, an additional high pCO2 level was applied (1400 μatm). At ambient pCO2 under low Fe supply, growth of G. cryophila almost stopped while it remained unaffected in P. subcurvata. Under high Fe conditions, OA was not beneficial for P. subcurvata, but stimulated growth and carbon production of G. cryophila. Under low Fe supply, P. subcurvata coped much better with OA than the cryptophyte, but invested more energy into photoacclimation. Our study reveals that Fe limitation was detrimental for the growth of G. cryophila and suppressed the positive OA effect. The diatom was efficient in coping with low Fe, but was stressed by OA while both factors together strongly impacted its growth. The distinct physiological response of both species to OA and Fe limitation explains their occurrence in the field. Based on our results, Fe availability is an important modulator of OA effects on SO phytoplankton, with different implications on the occurrence of cryptophytes and diatoms in the future.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 19
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    Coherent response of zoo‐ and phytoplankton assemblages to global warming since the Last Glacial Maximum (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, ISSN: 0960-7447
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Description: Aim: We are using the fossil record of different marine plankton groups to determine how their biodiversity has changed during past climate warming comparable to projected future warming. Location: North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas. Time series cover a latitudinal range from 75° N to 6° S. Time period: Past 24,000 years, from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the current warm period covering the last deglaciation. Major taxa studied: Planktonic foraminifera, dinoflagellates and coccolithophores. Methods: We analyse time series of fossil plankton communities using principal component analysis and generalized additive models to estimate the overall trend of temporal compositional change in each plankton group and to identify periods of significant change. We further analyse local biodiversity change by analysing species richness, species gains and losses, and the effective number of species in each sample, and compare alpha diversity to the LGM mean. Results: All plankton groups show remarkably similar trends in the rates and spatio-temporal dynamics of local biodiversity change and a pronounced non-linearity with climate change in the current warm period. Assemblages of planktonic foraminifera and dinoflagellates started to change significantly with the onset of global warming around 15,500 to 17,000 years ago and continued to change at the same rate during the current warm period until at least 5000 years ago, while coccolithophore assemblages changed at a constant rate throughout the past 24,000 years, seemingly irrespective of the prevailing temperature change. Main conclusions: Climate change during the transition from the LGM to the current warm period led to a long-lasting reshuffling of zoo- and phytoplankton assemblages, likely associated with the emergence of new ecological interactions and possibly a shift in the dominant drivers of plankton assemblage change from more abiotic-dominated causes during the last deglaciation to more biotic-dominated causes with the onset of the Holocene.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 20
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    Whales and cephalopods in a deep‐sea arms race (2024)
    ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Description: Scientific Significance Statement Millions of predator–prey interactions between deep-diving toothed whales and cephalopods occur daily in the dark deep sea. While predatory whales developed traits to detect and hunt their prey, cephalopods had to expand their anti-predatory strategies specialized for visual predators, to counteract acoustic predators. Since toothed whale-cephalopod interactions have never been directly observed in the deep sea, it remains unknown what selective pressures and traits evolved from this arms race. Combining current knowledge, we formalize four hypotheses and associated research approaches that will guide future investigation on oceanic predator–prey systems. We identify whale echolocation as an unprecedented armament to hunt distant prey and propose that deep-sea squids avoid acoustic predators by (1) reducing their acoustic cross-section through body shape and posture, (2) deep-sea migration, and (3) not schooling. Toothed whale predation emerges as a potential driver of the cephalopod live-fast-die-young strategy—which may now leave cephalopods at competitive advantage under global change.
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  • 21
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    Testing the deep‐sea glacial disturbance hypothesis as a cause of low, present‐day Norwegian Sea diversity and resulting steep latitudinal diversity gradient, using fossil records (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Description: Aims Within the intensively‐studied, well‐documented latitudinal diversity gradient, the deep‐sea biodiversity of the present‐day Norwegian Sea stands out with its notably low diversity, constituting a steep latitudinal diversity gradient in the North Atlantic. The reason behind this has long been a topic of debate and speculation. Most prominently, it is explained by the deep‐sea glacial disturbance hypothesis, which states that harsh environmental glacial conditions negatively impacted Norwegian Sea diversities, which have not yet fully recovered. Our aim is to empirically test this hypothesis. Specific research questions are: (1) Has deep‐sea biodiversity been lower during glacials than during interglacials? ( 2) Was there any faunal shift at the Mid‐Brunhes Event (MBE) when the mode of glacial–interglacial climatic change was altered? Location Norwegian Sea, deep sea (1819–2800 m), coring sites MD992277, PS1243, and M23352. Time period 620.7–1.4 ka (Middle Pleistocene–Late Holocene). Taxa studied Ostracoda (Crustacea). Methods We empirically test the deep‐sea glacial disturbance hypothesis by investigating whether diversity in glacial periods is consistently lower than diversity in interglacial periods. Additionally, we apply comparative analyses to determine a potential faunal shift at the MBE, a Pleistocene event describing a fundamental shift in global climate. Results The deep Norwegian Sea diversity was not lower during glacial periods compared to interglacial periods. Holocene diversity was exceedingly lower than that of the last glacial period. Faunal composition changed substantially between pre‐ and post‐MBE. Main conclusions These results reject the glacial disturbance hypothesis, since the low glacial diversity is the important precondition here. The present‐day‐style deep Norwegian Sea ecosystem was established by the MBE, more specifically by MBE‐induced changes in global climate, which has led to more dynamic post‐MBE conditions. In a broader context, this implies that the MBE has played an important role in the establishment of the modern polar deep‐sea ecosystem and biodiversity in general.
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  • 22
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    Costs of Dust Collection by Trichodesmium : Effect on Buoyancy and Toxic Metal Release (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Description: The marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium has the remarkable ability to interact with and utilize air‐borne dust as a nutrient source. However, dust may adversely affect Trichodesmium through buoyancy loss and exposure to toxic metals. Our study explored the effect of desert dust on buoyancy and mortality of natural Red Sea puff‐shaped Trichodesmium thiebautii . Sinking velocities and ability of individual colonies to stay afloat with increasing dust loads were studied in sedimentation chambers. Low dust loads of up to ∼400 ng per colony did not impact initial sinking velocity and colonies remained afloat in the chamber. Above this threshold, sinking velocity increased linearly with the colony dust load at a slope matching prediction based on Stoke's law. The potential toxicity of dust was assessed with regards to metal dissolution kinetics, differentiating between rapidly released metals, which may impact surface blooms, and gradually released metals that may impact dust‐centering colonies. Incubations with increasing dust concentrations revealed colony death, but the observed lethal dose far exceeded dust concentrations measured in coastal and open ocean systems. Removal of toxic particles as a mechanism to reduce toxicity was explored using SEM‐EDX imaging of colonies incubated with Cu‐minerals, yet observations did not support this pathway. Combining our current and former experiments, we suggest that in natural settings the nutritional benefits gained by Trichodesmium via dust collection outweigh the risks of buoyancy loss and toxicity. Our data and concepts feed into the growing recognition of the significance of dust for Trichodesmium 's ecology and subsequently to ocean productivity. Plain Language Summary Trichodesmium spp. are abundant cyanobacteria, forming extensive blooms in low latitude warm oceans, and contribute significantly to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fixation, recycling and export. Desert dust deposited on the ocean surface was shown to supply Trichodesmium with the scarce micronutrient iron. Spherical, millimeter‐sized colonies of Trichodesmium from different ocean basins were reported to actively accumulate dust in their cores. While dust accumulation likely helps Trichodesmium obtain nutrients, it may come at a cost. Metals released from dust may induce toxicity and the dust weight could send Trichodesmium to the ocean depth. Our experimental study with natural Red Sea colonies examined some trade‐offs of dust accumulation. Links between dust load and colony buoyancy were examined in sedimentation experiments. Toxicity thresholds for surface blooms and dust‐accumulating colonies were determined from mortality assays and dust dissolution measurements. We found that metal‐induced toxicity to Trichodesmium is unlikely at typical oceanic dust fluxes, and that dust‐containing colonies can remain buoyant. At high loads, dust weight determined the colony's sinking velocity. Our findings and concepts can be extended to additional aerosols and Trichodesmium ‐rich habitats, and may assist in assessing Trichodesmium 's distribution, ecophysiology, and contribution to C or N transport to the deep ocean. Key Points Dust collected by Trichodesmium colonies from seawater as a nutrient source may result in metal toxification and buoyancy loss At moderate dust loads, colonies kept their buoyancy, but above 400 ng, sinking velocities increased linearly with dust loads Desert dust induced Trichodesmium mortality through toxic metal release, yet the lethal dose far exceeded oceanic dust concentrations
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  • 23
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    Analysis of bacterial communities in a municipal duck pond during a phytoplankton bloom and isolation of Anatilimnocola aggregata gen. nov., sp. nov., Lacipirellula limnantheis sp. nov. and Urbifossiella limnaea gen. nov., sp. nov. belonging to the phylum Planctomycetes (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, 23(3), pp. 1379-1396, ISSN: 1462-2912
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Waterbodies such as lakes and ponds are fragile environments affected by human influences. Suitable conditions can result in massive growth of phototrophs, commonly referred to as phytoplankton blooms. Such events benefit heterotrophic bacteria able to use compounds secreted by phototrophs or their biomass as major nutrient source. One example of such bacteria are Planctomycetes, which are abundant on the surfaces of marine macroscopic phototrophs; however, less data are available on their ecological roles in limnic environments. In this study, we followed a cultivation-independent deep sequencing approach to study the bacterial community composition during a cyanobacterial bloom event in a municipal duck pond. In addition to cyanobacteria, which caused the bloom event, members of the phylum Planctomycetes were significantly enriched in the cyanobacteria-attached fraction compared to the free-living fraction. Separate datasets based on isolated DNA and RNA point towards considerable differences in the abundance and activity of planctomycetal families, indicating different activity peaks of these families during the cyanobacterial bloom. Motivated by the finding that the sampling location harbours untapped bacterial diversity, we included a complementary cultivation-dependent approach and isolated and characterized three novel limnic strains belonging to the phylum Planctomycetes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 24
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    Plastic additives in the ocean (2022)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Every piece of plastic is made up of a unique combination of the host polymer, with some residual monomers or catalysts, as well as chemical additives added during processing of the plastic. This chapter aims to introduce plastic additives with a focus on their chemistry and function, transport and fate, detection in marine environments, and toxicities. The extensive list of additives can be simplified by dividing the types of additives into three groups: functional additives, colorants, and fillers/reinforcements. Plasticizers are added to plastics to improve their flexibility, durability, and elasticity over a broad range of temperatures while also reducing the glass transition temperature and the melt flow. Additives are well known to leach from plastics in the marine environment. Like their plastic counterparts, plastic additives are also susceptible to oxidative degradation and biodegradation. The toxicity of plastic additives is quite variable given the diversity of their chemical classes.
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  • 25
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    Rapid sulfur cycling in sediments from the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone featuring simultaneous sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation (2021)
    ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: Bacterial sulfate reduction (SR) is often determined by radiotracer techniques using 35S‐labeled sulfate. In environments featuring simultaneous sulfide oxidation, SR can be underestimated due to re‐oxidation of 35S‐sulfide. Recycling of 35S‐tracer is expected to be high in sediment with low concentrations of pore‐water sulfide and high abundance of giant filamentous sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria (GFSOB). Here, we applied a sulfide‐spiking method, originally developed for water samples, to sediments along a shelf‐slope transect (72, 128, 243, 752 m water depth) traversing the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone. Sediment spiked with unlabeled sulfide prior to 35S‐sulfate injection to prevent radiotracer recycling was compared to unspiked sediment. At stations characterized by low natural sulfide and abundant GFSOB (128 and 243 m), the method revealed 1–3 times higher SR rates in spiked sediment. Spiking had no effect on SR in sediment with high natural sulfide despite presence of GFSOB (72 m). Bioturbated sediment devoid of GFSOB (752 m) showed elevated SR in spiked samples, likely from artificial introduction of sulfidic conditions. Sulfide oxidation rates at the 128 and 243 m station, derived from the difference in SR between spiked and unspiked sediment, approximated rates of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium by GFSOB. Gross SR contributed considerably to benthic dissolved inorganic carbon fluxes at the three shallowest station, confirming that SR is an important process for benthic carbon respirations within the oxygen minimum zone. We recommend to further explore the spiking method to capture SR in sediment featuring low sulfide concentrations and high sulfur cycling by GFSOB.
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  • 26
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    Testing the consistency of Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum spatial correlations in temperature proxy records (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Quaternary Science, Wiley, 36(1), pp. 20-28, ISSN: 0267-8179
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: Holocene temperature proxy records are commonly used in quantitative synthesis and model-data comparisons. However, comparing correlations between time series from records collected in proximity to one another with the expected correlations based on climate model simulations indicates either regional or noisy climate signals in Holocene temperature proxy records. In this study, we evaluate the consistency of spatial correlations present in Holocene proxy records with those found in data from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Specifically, we predict correlations expected in LGM proxy records if the only difference to Holocene correlations would be due to more time uncertainty and more climate variability in the LGM. We compare this simple prediction to the actual correlation structure in the LGM proxy records. We found that time series data of ice-core stable isotope records and planktonic foraminifera Mg/Ca ratios were consistent between the Holocene and LGM periods, while time series of Uk'37 proxy records were not as we found no correlation between nearby LGM records. Our results support the finding of highly regional or noisy marine proxy records in the compilation analysed here and suggest the need for further studies on the role of climate proxies and the processes of climate signal recording and preservation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 27
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    When the lava meets the sea: emplacement of the 2–4 ka San Bartolo lava flow field, Stromboli volcano (Italy) (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: When a lava flow enters a body of water, either a lake, sea, river or ocean, explosive interaction may arise. However, when it is an 'a'ā lava flow entering water, a more complex interaction occurs, that is very poorly described and documented in literature. In this paper, we analysed the 2–4 ka San Bartolo lava flow field emplaced on the north flank of Stromboli volcano, Italy. The lava flow field extends from ~ 650 m a.s.l. where the eruptive fissure is located, with two lava channels being apparent on the steep down to the coast. Along the coast the lava flow field expands to form a lava delta ~ 1 km wide characterised by 16 lava ‘Flow’ units. We performed a field survey to characterise the features of lava entering the sea and the associated formation of different components and magnetic measurements to infer the flow fabrics and emplacement process of the lava flow system. We measured the density, porosity and connectivity of several specimens to analyse the effect of lava-water interaction on the content in vesicles and their connectivity and conducted a macroscopic componentry analysis (clast count) at selected sites to infer the character of the eroded offshore segment of the lava flow field and its component flow units. The collected data allowed us to define the main components of a lava delta fed by 'a'ā lava flows, with its channels, littoral units, ramps, lava tubes, and inflated pāhoehoe flows controlled by the arterial 'a'ā flow fronts. The spatial organisation of these components allowed us to build a three-step descriptive model for 'a'ā entering a water. The initial stage corresponds to the entry of channel-fed 'a'ā lava flow into the sea which fragments to form metric blocks of 'a'ā lava. Continued lava supply to the foreshore causes flow units to stall while spreading over this substrate. Subsequent 'a'ā lava flow units ramp up behind the stalled flow front barrier. Lava tubes extending through the stalled flow barrier feed the seaward extension of a bench made of several pāhoehoe flow units.
    Description: Open access funding provided by Università degli Studi di Torino within the CRUI-CARE Agreement. This project is a part of RS PhD project. This research was funded by MIUR ex-60% attributed to EZ and PhD grants-Budget 10% attributed to RS. Also, it was partially funded by the Project FIRST (ForecastIng eRuptive activity at Stromboli volcano: Timing, eruptive style, size, intensity, and duration), INGV-Progetto Strategico Dipartimento Vulcani 2019 (Delibera n. 144/2020). This is contribution no. 637 of the ClerVolc program of the International Research Center for Disaster Sciences and Sustainable Development of the University of Clermont Auvergne.
    Description: Published
    Description: 50
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stromboli volcano ; flank eruptions ; Lava flows
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 28
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    The Holocene Explosive Eruption on Vetrovoi Isthmus (Iturup Island) as a Source of the Marker Tephra Layer of 2000 cal. yr BP in the Central Kuril Island Arc (2023)
    Springer | Pleiades
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: Geochemical study of volcaniclastic material and radiocarbon dating of charred plant debris from Holocene deposits of the Guram site, which is located in vicinity of Vetrovoi Isthmus on Iturup Island, demonstrate that an explosive eruption (VEI 4-5) occurred there about 2000 years ago. The geochemical and age similarity with the tephra of marker layer CKr that was distinguished on Iturup, Urup, Simushir, Rasshua, and Matua islands of the Kuril Island Arc led to the conclusion that this eruption is possibly a source of this tephra. The data presented are proposed as a motivation for revision of the volcanic hazard on Iturup Island.
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  • 29
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    Perspektiven eines politikplanenden Biodiversitätsschutzgesetzes: Rechtsrahmen, Ausgestaltung und Forschungsbedarf (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: Der Biodiversitätsverlust schreitet in bedrohlichem Ausmaß voran. Mit dem Global Biodiversity Framework und voraussichtlich dem Nature Restoration Law bestehen nun auf internationaler und europäischer Ebene vielversprechende Ansätze, ihm Herr zu werden. Jetzt ist der Bundesgesetzgeber – nicht zuletzt aus verfassungsrechtlichen Erwägungen – aufgerufen, daran anzuknüpfen. Dazu bietet sich die Regelungsform eines Rahmen- und Politikplanungsgesetzes an, wie sie schon aus dem Klimaschutzgesetz und dem Klimaanpassungsgesetz bekannt ist. Der Aufsatz beleuchtet den internationalen, europa- und verfassungsrechtlichen Hintergrund eines solchen ‘Biodiversitätsschutzgesetzes’ und diskutiert – unter Zusammenarbeit sowohl rechts- als auch naturwissenschaftlicher Autor:innen – formale und materielle Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten.
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  • 30
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    Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the Decadal Variability of the Upper Subtropical‐Tropical Atlantic Ocean (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: In the northeastern tropical Atlantic, a region of high potential vorticity (PV) determines the size of the exchange window for the interior thermocline flow of the subtropical cell via its variations in strength and extent. Variability of this PV barrier has the potential to impact the ventilation of the tropical Atlantic on decadal timescales. Here, the impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the PV barrier related to isopycnals within the thermocline of the subtropical-tropical Atlantic Ocean is assessed from Argo observations for the time period of 2006-2022. Relative to the negative NAO phase (2009-2010), during the positive NAO phase (2014-2019), the North Atlantic subtropical high and the northeast trades are intensified. Satellite-derived wind stress curl shows increased upwelling/downwelling on the equatorward/poleward side of the trade wind zone, respectively. In the subtropical-tropical Atlantic, a symmetric pattern of isopycnal heave is observed: rising isopycnals within 20 degrees N and 20 degrees S and sinking poleward of that. With rising isopycnals, the PV barrier in the northeastern tropical Atlantic becomes stronger. Analyses of geostrophic velocities and the Sverdrup streamfunction show that during the positive NAO phase there are increased equatorward velocities at thermocline level along the western boundary and reduced velocities through the interior as a result of intensified northeast trades and therefore a strengthened PV barrier. Intensified trades lead to enhanced subduction of thermocline waters and, independent of that, to a strengthened Equatorial Undercurrent transport as observed at the mooring site at 0 degrees, 23 degrees W, likely via the pulling effect of the subtropical cells. In the North Atlantic Ocean, subducted water from the subtropics has two possible pathways within the thermocline toward the equatorial region: the interior pathway and the pathway along the western boundary. The size of the exchange window between subtropics and tropics depends on the extent of a barrier zone in the eastern part of the basin that is associated with wind-driven upwelling of density surfaces. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the dominant atmospheric climate mode in the North Atlantic and in this study, we show how the NAO impacts the barrier for the equatorward thermocline flow in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. During positive NAO phases (e.g., 2014-2019), density surfaces become shallower and strengthen the barrier, while during negative NAO phases (e.g., 2009-2010) the barrier weakens. Geostrophic velocity analysis reveals that during positive NAO phases more thermocline water is transported equatorward via the western boundary and less via the interior pathway. Additionally, observations from a mooring site at 0 degrees, 23 degrees W show stronger Equatorial Undercurrent transport as a result of intensified trade winds during positive NAO phases. Trade winds in the northeastern tropical Atlantic strengthen during positive phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO+) Potential vorticity barrier for the interior equatorward thermocline flow of the North Atlantic Subtropical Cell strengthens during NAO+ Annual subduction of thermocline water and Equatorial Undercurrent transport increase simultaneously from 2008 to 2018
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  • 31
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    Advancing Eddy Parameterizations: Dynamic Energy Backscatter and the Role of Subgrid Energy Advection and Stochastic Forcing (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: Viscosity in the momentum equation is needed for numerical stability, as well as to arrest the direct cascade of enstrophy at grid scales. However, a viscous momentum closure tends to over-dissipate eddy kinetic energy. To return excessively dissipated energy to the system, the viscous closure is equipped with what is called dynamic kinetic energy backscatter. The amplitude of backscatter is based on the amount of unresolved kinetic energy (UKE). This energy is tracked through space and time via a prognostic equation. Our study proposes to add advection of UKE by the resolved flow to that equation to explicitly consider the effects of nonlocality on the subgrid energy budget. UKE can consequently be advected by the resolved flow before it is reinjected via backscatter. Furthermore, we suggest incorporating a stochastic element into the UKE equation to account for missing small-scale variability, which is not present in the purely deterministic approach. The implementations are tested on two intermediate complexity setups of the global ocean model FESOM2: an idealized channel setup and a double-gyre setup. The impacts of these additional terms are analyzed, highlighting increased eddy activity and improved flow characteristics when advection and carefully tuned, stochastic sources are incorporated into the UKE budget. Additionally, we provide diagnostics to gain further insights into the effects of scale separation between the viscous dissipation operator and the backscatter operator responsible for the energy injection. Oceanic swirls or "eddies" have a typical size of 10-100 km, which is close to the smallest scales that global ocean models commonly resolve. For physical and numerical reasons, these models require the addition of artificial terms that influence the flow near its smallest scales. Common approaches have the drawback of introducing systematic loss of kinetic energy contained in the eddies, which leads to errors that also affect the oceanic circulation on global scales. In our research, we compensate for this error by returning some of the missing energy back into the simulation, using a so-called kinetic energy backscatter scheme. In this work, we continue the development of an already existing and successful backscatter scheme, adding certain improvements to the way energy is budgeted and returned to the flow: we ensure that the local energy budget is attached to each fluid parcel as it is transported by the large-scale flow, and we also add a random forcing term that mimics unknown sources of such energy to bring its statistical properties closer to reality. We demonstrate that these modifications effectively improve the characteristics of the simulated flow. Extension of the subgrid energy equation of the kinetic energy backscatter parameterization by adding advection and a stochastic term Both additional terms improve several flow characteristics in two idealized test cases, a channel and a double-gyre Scale analysis reveals the necessity of sufficient scale separation between viscous energy dissipation and energy injection via backscatter. Key Points: - Extension of the subgrid energy equation of the kinetic energy backscatter parameterization by adding advection and a stochastic term - Both additional terms improve several flow characteristics in two idealized test cases, a channel and a double-gyre - Scale analysis reveals the necessity of sufficient scale separation between viscous energy dissipation and energy injection via backscatter
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  • 32
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    Long-term culture system for deep-sea mussels Gigantidas childressi (2024)
    ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: The simulation of deep-sea conditions in laboratories is technically challenging but necessary for experiments that aim at a deeper understanding of physiological mechanisms or host-symbiont interactions of deep-sea organisms. In a proof-of-concept study, we designed a recirculating system for long-term culture (〉2 yr) of deep-sea mussels Gigantidas childressi (previously Bathymodiolus childressi). Mussels were automatically (and safely) supplied with a maximum stable level of ~60 μmol L−1 methane in seawater using a novel methane–air mixing system. Experimental animals also received daily doses of live microalgae. Condition indices of cultured G. childressi remained high over the years, and low shell growth rates could be detected, too, which is indicative of positive energy budgets. Using stable isotope data, we demonstrate that G. childressi in our culture system gained energy, both, from the digestion of methane-oxidizing endosymbionts and from digesting particulate food (microalgae). Limitations of the system, as well as opportunities for future experimental approaches involving deep-sea mussels, are discussed.
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    A 6.2 Ma‐Long Record of Major Explosive Eruptions From the NW Pacific Volcanic Arcs Based on the Offshore Tephra Sequences on the Northern Tip of the Emperor Seamount Chain (2023)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-26
    Description: We present a continuous ∼6.2 Ma long record of explosive activity from the Northwest Pacific volcanic arcs based on a composite tephra sequence derived from Ocean Drilling Program Sites 882A and 884B, and core MD01‐2416 on the Detroit Seamount. Geochemical fingerprinting of tephra glass using major and trace element analyses and correlations of tephra layers between the three cores allowed the identification of 119 unique tephras, suggesting eruptions of magnitude (M) of 5.8–7.8. Age estimates for all the identified eruptions were obtained with the help of published and further refined age models for the studied cores, direct 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating of four ash layers, and Bayesian age modeling. The glass compositions vary from low‐ to high‐K 2 O basaltic andesite to rhyolite and exhibit typical subduction‐related affinity. The majority of the tephras originated from Kamchatka, only a few tephras—from the neighboring Kuril and Aleutian arcs. The glass compositions revealed no temporal trends but made it possible to identify their source volcanic zones in Kamchatka and, in some cases, to determine their source eruptive centers. Our data indicates episodes of explosive activity recorded in the Detroit tephra sequence at ∼6,200, 5,600–5,000, 4,300–3,700 ka, and almost continuous activity since ∼3,000 ka. Within the latter episode, the most active intervals can be identified at 1,700–1,600, 1,150–1,050, and 600–50 ka. Geochemically fingerprinted and dated Detroit tephra sequence form a framework for dating and correlating diverse paleoenvironmental archives across the Northwest Pacific and for studies of geochemical evolution of the adjacent volcanic arcs. Plain Language Summary Explosive volcanic eruptions produce defragmented material named tephra, which can be spread over large distances and form layers in sediments on ocean floor and continents. Long continuous tephra sequences preserved in marine sediments provide one of the best chronicles of the explosive eruptions, and allow detailed evaluation of their timing relative to climatic changes. We studied one of such natural records of explosive volcanism preserved in the sediments covering the Detroit Seamount in the Northwest Pacific. We identified 119 tephra layers, which have been buried in the sediments during the last 6.2 Ma and represent volcanic eruptions with ≥7 km 3 tephra volume. We analyzed geochemical composition and determined age of each tephra. Most tephras were found to originate from volcanoes in Kamchatka, a few from the Kuril and Aleutian volcanoes. We found that the explosive activity recorded in the Detroit tephra sequence was not uniform over time. It peaked at ∼6,200, 5,600–5,000, 4,300–3,700, has continued since ∼3,000 thousand years ago until present. All tephra layers from our study can be used as unique isochrons for dating and correlating paleoenvironmental archives across the Northwest Pacific and for the reconstruction of the detailed volcanic record in the Earth history. Key Points We report age and composition for 119 tephras from sediment cores representing ∼6.2 Ma record of explosive volcanism in the NW Pacific The tephras have subduction‐related origin and mostly originate from volcanic eruptions with magnitude (M) of 5.8–7.8 in Kamchatka The data indicates episodes of explosive activity at ∼6,200, 5,600–5,000, 4,300–3,700 ka, and almost continuous activity since ∼3,000 ka
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  • 34
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    Late Saalian and Eemian palaeoenvironmental history of the Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island (Laptev Sea region, Arctic Siberia) (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Boreas, Wiley, 33(4), pp. 319-348, ISSN: 0300-9483
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Palaeoenvironmental records from permafrost sequences complemented by infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and 230Th/U dates from Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island (73°20′N, 141°30′E) document the environmental history in the region for at least the past 200 ka. Pollen spectra and insect fauna indicate that relatively wet grasssedge tundra habitats dominated during an interstadial c. 200-170 ka BP. Summers were rather warm and wet, while stable isotopes reflect severe winter conditions. The pollen spectra reflect sparser grass-sedge vegetation during a Taz (Late Saalian) stage, c. 170-130 ka BP, with environmental conditions much more severe compared with the previous interstadial. Open Poaceae and Artemisia plant associations dominated vegetation at the beginning of the Kazantsevo (Eemian) c. 130 ka BP. Some shrubs (Alnus fruticosa, Salix, Betula nana) grew in more protected and wetter places as well. The climate was relatively warm during this time, resulting in the melting of Saalian ice wedges. Later, during the interglacial optimum, shrub tundra with Alnus fruticosa and Betula nana s.l. dominated vegetation. Climate was relatively wet and warm. Quantitative pollen-based climate reconstruction suggests that mean July temperatures were 4-5°C higher than the present during the optimum of the Eemian, while late Eemian records indicate significant climate deterioration. © 2004 Taylor & Francis.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 35
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    Testing the deep‐sea glacial disturbance hypothesis as a cause of low, present‐day Norwegian Sea diversity and resulting steep latitudinal diversity gradient, using fossil records (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, ISSN: 1466-822X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Aim〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Within the intensively‐studied, well‐documented latitudinal diversity gradient, the deep‐sea biodiversity of the present‐day Norwegian Sea stands out with its notably low diversity, constituting a steep latitudinal diversity gradient in the North Atlantic. The reason behind this has long been a topic of debate and speculation. Most prominently, it is explained by the deep‐sea glacial disturbance hypothesis, which states that harsh environmental glacial conditions negatively impacted Norwegian Sea diversities, which have not yet fully recovered. Our aim is to empirically test this hypothesis. Specific research questions are: (1) Has deep‐sea biodiversity been lower during glacials than during interglacials? 〈jats:italic〉(〈/jats:italic〉2) Was there any faunal shift at the Mid‐Brunhes Event (MBE) when the mode of glacial–interglacial climatic change was altered?〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Location〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Norwegian Sea, deep sea (1819–2800 m), coring sites MD992277, PS1243, and M23352.〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Time period〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉620.7–1.4 ka (Middle Pleistocene–Late Holocene).〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Taxa studied〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Ostracoda (Crustacea).〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Methods〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉We empirically test the deep‐sea glacial disturbance hypothesis by investigating whether diversity in glacial periods is consistently lower than diversity in interglacial periods. Additionally, we apply comparative analyses to determine a potential faunal shift at the MBE, a Pleistocene event describing a fundamental shift in global climate.〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Results〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉The deep Norwegian Sea diversity was not lower during glacial periods compared to interglacial periods. Holocene diversity was exceedingly lower than that of the last glacial period. Faunal composition changed substantially between pre‐ and post‐MBE.〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Main conclusions〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉These results reject the glacial disturbance hypothesis, since the low glacial diversity is the important precondition here. The present‐day‐style deep Norwegian Sea ecosystem was established by the MBE, more specifically by MBE‐induced changes in global climate, which has led to more dynamic post‐MBE conditions. In a broader context, this implies that the MBE has played an important role in the establishment of the modern polar deep‐sea ecosystem and biodiversity in general.〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 36
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    Water resources management for a sustainable nexus of hydrogeoethics and societal well-being (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Groundwater is a vital resource for humans, non-human species, and ecosystems. It has allowed the development of human evolution and civilizations throughout history (e.g., Wittfogel 1956, Tempelhoff et al. 2009, Cuthbert and Ashley 2014, Roberts 2014). However, it faces multiple potential threats that make it vulnerable and fragile. Climate change and human activities are the primary causes that have led to water cycle disruptions, particularly a decline in groundwater quality and quantity (e.g., Gleeson et al. 2020, Chaminé et al. 2022, Richardson et al. 2023). Climate variability has induced droughts, floods, and other extreme weather conditions, significantly impacting groundwater in many regions. Meanwhile, human activities such as over-abstraction, ground contamination, deforestation, land-use change, and other anthropogenic pressures have further compromised groundwater status. Nonetheless, groundwater continues to fulfill water demands in many regions or during specific periods. Therefore, concerted efforts are imperative to ensure its sustainability. So, conservation practices and nature-based solutions must be adopted to efficiently manage groundwater and shield it from additional potential hazards or risks (e.g., contamination, pollution, or over-abstraction). Failure to act quickly can result in the loss of this critical resource, with severe consequences for the economy, society, and ecosystems. From this perspective, it is imperative to prioritize actions underscored by technical-scientific integrity, environmental responsibility, societal sensitivity, and ethical practices.
    Description: Published
    Description: 97
    Description: OS: Terza missione
    Description: OSA5: Energia e georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: groundwater ; resource management ; sustainability ; hydrogeoethics ; geoethics ; societal well-being ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.04. Geology ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 37
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    Thermohydrological Impact of Forest Disturbances on Ecosystem‐Protected Permafrost (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Wiley, 127(5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-23
    Description: Boreal forests cover over half of the global permafrost area and protect underlying permafrost. Boreal forest development, therefore, has an impact on permafrost evolution, especially under a warming climate. Forest disturbances and changing climate conditions cause vegetation shifts and potentially destabilize the carbon stored within the vegetation and permafrost. Disturbed permafrost-forest ecosystems can develop into a dry or swampy bush- or grasslands, shift toward broadleaf- or evergreen needleleaf-dominated forests, or recover to the pre-disturbance state. An increase in the number and intensity of fires, as well as intensified logging activities, could lead to a partial or complete ecosystem and permafrost degradation. We study the impact of forest disturbances (logging, surface, and canopy fires) on the thermal and hydrological permafrost conditions and ecosystem resilience. We use a dynamic multilayer canopy-permafrost model to simulate different scenarios at a study site in eastern Siberia. We implement expected mortality, defoliation, and ground surface changes and analyze the interplay between forest recovery and permafrost. We find that forest loss induces soil drying of up to 44%, leading to lower active layer thicknesses and abrupt or steady decline of a larch forest, depending on disturbance intensity. Only after surface fires, the most common disturbances, inducing low mortality rates, forests can recover and overpass pre-disturbance leaf area index values. We find that the trajectory of larch forests after surface fires is dependent on the precipitation conditions in the years after the disturbance. Dryer years can drastically change the direction of the larch forest development within the studied period.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 38
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    Permafrost Causes Unique Fine‐Scale Spatial Variability Across Tundra Soils (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Wiley, 35, pp. e2020GB006659-e2020GB006659, ISSN: 0886-6236
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: Spatial analysis in earth sciences is often based on the concept of spatial autocorrelation, expressed by W. Tobler as the first law of geography: “everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things." Here, we show that subsurface soil properties in permafrost tundra terrain exhibit tremendous spatial variability. We describe the subsurface variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) and ground ice content from the centimeter to the landscape scale in three typical tundra terrain types common across the Arctic region. At the soil pedon scale, that is, from centimeters to 1–2 m, variability is caused by cryoturbation and affected by tussocks, hummocks and nonsorted circles. At the terrain scale, from meters to tens of meters, variability is caused by different generations of ice‐wedges. Variability at the landscape scale, that is, ranging hundreds of meters, is associated with geomorphic disturbances and catenary shifts. The co‐occurrence and overlap of different processes and landforms creates a spatial structure unique to permafrost environments. The coefficient of variation of SOC at the pedon scale (21%–73%) exceeds that found at terrain (17%–66%) and even landscape scale (24%–67%). Such high values for spatial variation are otherwise found at regional to continental scale. Clearly, permafrost soils do not conform to Tobler's law, but are among the most variable soils on Earth. This needs to be accounted for in mapping and predictions of the permafrost carbon feedbacks through various ecosystem processes. We conclude that scale deserves special attention in permafrost regions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 39
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    THE CHANGING BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES OF TUNDRA (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Multi‐Scale Biogeochemical Processes in Soil Ecosystems, Multi‐Scale Biogeochemical Processes in Soil Ecosystems, Hoboken, NJ, Wiley, pp. 157-181, ISBN: 9781119480471
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: Tundra is experiencing more intense warming than any other ecosystem on earth. While warming is the most direct effect of climate change on tundra, warming leads to a cascade of environmental changes such as permafrost thaw, altered precipitation regimes, and increased wildfires. This chapter will first focus on how climate change is changing the environment of Arctic and subarctic tundra and then focus on how climate change is altering tundra's carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles with a focus on soils. Overall, tundra soils are shifting from being a carbon sink into a carbon source as rising temperatures increase microbial activity—a positive feedback to climate change. However, those rising temperatures are also increasing nutrient mineralization rates, which could increase ecosystem carbon storage via enhanced plant productivity as well as increase emissions of nitrous oxide, a powerful greenhouse gas. There is currently a disconnect between the large soil carbon losses measured in many in situ experiments and the strong plant carbon gains predicted by models. Ultimately, more research is needed on the interplay between tundra soils, nutrients, and plants to determine the magnitude of tundra's feedback to climate change.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 40
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    Spatially heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology induced by climate change threaten the integrity of the avian migration network (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Global Change Biology vol. 30 no. e17148
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: Phenological responses to climate change frequently vary among trophic levels, which can result in increasing asynchrony between the peak energy requirements of consumers and the availability of resources. Migratory birds use multiple habitats with seasonal food resources along migration flyways. Spatially heterogeneous climate change could cause the phenology of food availability along the migration flyway to become desynchronized. Such heterogeneous shifts in food phenology could pose a challenge to migratory birds by reducing their opportunity for food availability along the migration path and consequently influencing their survival and reproduction. We develop a novel graph-based approach to quantify this problem and deploy it to evaluate the condition of the heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology for 16 migratory herbivorous waterfowl species in Asia. We show that climate change-induced heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology could cause a 12% loss of migration network integrity on average across all study species. Species that winter at relatively lower latitudes are subjected to a higher loss of integrity in their migration network. These findings highlight the susceptibility of migratory species to climate change. Our proposed methodological framework could be applied to migratory species in general to yield an accurate assessment of the exposure under climate change and help to identify actions for biodiversity conservation in the face of climate-related risks.
    Keywords: bird migration ; climate change ; graph-based approach ; heterogeneous shifts ; network integrity ; phenological asynchrony ; vegetation phenology
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 41
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    Constraining temporal variations in metal and sulfur sources using high-resolution mineral-scale analysis of pyrite: evidence from the Brothers volcano, Kermadec arc, New Zealand (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: Variations in trace metal contents and sulfur isotope ratios (δ34S) within pyrite, at the scale of individual mineral grains, preserves a record of temporal fluctuations in the source of metals and sulfur as well as changes in the chemical composition and temperature of hydrothermal fluid during the evolution of the Brothers volcano, Kermadec arc, New Zealand. In this study, we analyzed pyrite from drill core recovered from two geochemically distinct hydrothermal systems at the Brothers volcano, the seawater-influenced NW Caldera (Site U1530) and magmatic-volatile-dominated Upper Cone (Site U1528) during the International Ocean Discovery Program’s Expedition 376. At the NW Caldera site, from 189 m below the seafloor, a seawater-derived hydrothermal fluid forming chlorite-rich alteration overprints early pyrophyllite + illite alteration. Within ~ 30 m of the seafloor at this same site, pyrite contains zones of high As content with a variable δ34S signature that ranges from -4.5 to 3.4‰ (n = 26). Values for δ34S 〉 0‰ record shallow mixing of seawater with upwelling hydrothermal fluids. In deeper parts of the system, but still within the chlorite-rich alteration zone, δ34S values 〉 0‰ are absent, indicating that relatively more sulfur is contributed from magmatic volatile degassing and SO2 disproportionation. In the pyrophyllite-rich alteration zone, pyrite contains Co-enriched cores that correspond to sharp changes in δ34S values from -5.3‰ to 4.6‰ (n = 68). Cobalt enrichment occurs in response to the mixing of seawater-derived hydrothermal fluid with Co-rich magmatic brines. At the Upper Cone site, a relatively constant supply of a low-salinity magmatic fluid results in pyrite grains that rarely exhibit any internal zonation in trace metal content. In pyrite where zonation does exist, a correlation between Cu and Sb and uniformly low δ34S values (〈 0‰) indicates a link between metal enrichment, the pulsed degassing of magmatic volatiles, and SO2 disproportionation.
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  • 42
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    Northeast Siberian Permafrost Ice-Wedge Stable Isotopes Depict Pronounced Last Glacial Maximum Winter Cooling (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, Wiley, 48(7), pp. e2020GL092087-e2020GL092087, ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: Stable isotopes (δ18O, δD) of wedge ice hold potential to reconstruct past winter climate conditions. Here, we present records of the marine isotope stages (MIS) 3 and 2 including the last Glacial maximum (LGM) from Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island (NE Siberia). MIS 3 wedge ice dated from 52 to 40 Kyr b2k varies between −32 and −29‰ in δ18O. Colder LGM conditions are implied by δ18O of −37‰ around 25 Kyr b2k. Similar Deuterium excess values indicate comparable moisture sources during MIS 3 and MIS 2. Regional LGM climate reconstructions depend on the seasonal resolution of the proxies and model simulations. Our wedge-ice record reflects coldest winters during global minima in atmospheric CO2 and sea level. The extreme LGM winter cooling is not represented in model projections of global LGM climate where West Beringia shows noticeably little cooling or even warming in mean annual temperatures compared to the late Holocene.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 43
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    Mapping subsea permafrost with electrical resistivity surveys (2022)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Springer, 3(6)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-19
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 44
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    Extension Dynamics of the Northern Fonualei Rift and Spreading Center and the Southern Mangatolu Triple Junction in the Lau Basin at 16°S (2023)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-19
    Description: Due to the complexity of 2D magnetic anomaly maps north of 18°S and the sparsity of seismic data, the tectonic evolution of the northern Lau Basin has not yet been unraveled. We use a multi-method approach to reconstruct the formation of the basin at ∼16°S by compiling seismic, magnetic, gravimetric and geochemical data along a 185 km-long crustal transect. We identified a crustal zonation which preserves the level of subduction input at the time of the crust's formation. Paired with the seafloor magnetization, the crustal zonation enabled us to qualitatively approximate the dynamic spreading history of the region. Further assessment of the recent tectonic activity and the degree of tectonic overprinting visible in the crust both suggest a complex tectonic history including a dynamically moving spreading center and the reorganizing of the local magma supply. Comparing the compiled data sets has revealed substantial differences in the opening mechanisms of the two arms of the Overlapping Spreading Center (OSC) that is made up by the northernmost tip of the Fonualei Rift and Spreading Center in the east and the southernmost segment of the Mangatolu Triple Junction in the west. The observed transition from a predominantly tectonic opening mechanism at the eastern OSC arm to a magmatic opening mechanism at the western OSC arm coincides with an equally sharp transition from and strongly subduction influenced crust to a crust with virtually no subduction input. The degree of subduction input alters the geochemical composition, as well as the lithospheric stress response. Key Points Oceanic crust in the north-eastern Lau Basin formed at the now reorganized FRSC-MTJ system The position and the opening mechanisms of back-arc basin spreading center's change more dynamically at mid-ocean ridges Different opening mechanisms at the southern Mangatolu Triple Junction and northern Fonualei Rift Spreading Center despite their proximity
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  • 45
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    Arctic nekton uncovered by eDNA metabarcoding: Diversity, potential range expansions, and pelagic‐benthic coupling (2023)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Environmental DNA, Wiley, 5(3), pp. 503-518, ISSN: 2637-4943
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-18
    Description: The Arctic Ocean is home to a unique fauna that is disproportionately affected by global warming but that remains under-studied. Due to their high mobility and responsiveness to global warming, cephalopods and fishes are good indicators of the reshuffling of Arctic communities. Here, we established a nekton biodiversity baseline for the Fram Strait, the only deep connection between the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. Using universal primers for fishes (12S) and cephalopods (18S), we amplified environmental DNA (eDNA) from seawater (50–2700 m) and deep-sea sediment samples collected at the LTER HAUSGARTEN observatory. We detected 12 cephalopod and 31 fish taxa in the seawater and seven cephalopod and 28 fish taxa in the sediment, including the elusive Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus). Our data suggest three fish (Mallotus villosus, Thunnus sp., and Micromesistius poutassou) and one squid (Histioteuthis sp.) range expansions. The detection of eDNA of pelagic origin in the sediment also suggests that M. villosus, Arctozenus risso, and M. poutassou as well as gonatid squids are potential contributors to the carbon flux. Continuous nekton monitoring is needed to understand the ecosystem impacts of rapid warming in the Arctic and eDNA proves to be a suitable tool for this endeavor.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 46
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    Sponge/Algal Symbioses : a Diversity of Associations (2004)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-18
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 47
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    Destructive fishing: An expert‐driven definition and exploration of this quasi‐concept (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Conservation Letters, Wiley, ISSN: 1755-263X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-17
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Numerous policy and international frameworks consider that “destructive fishing” hampers efforts to reach sustainability goals. Though ubiquitous, “destructive fishing” is undefined and therefore currently immeasurable. Here we propose a definition developed through expert consultation: “Destructive fishing is any fishing practice that causes irrecoverable habitat degradation, or which causes significant adverse environmental impacts, results in long‐term declines in target or nontarget species beyond biologically safe limits and has negative livelihood impacts.” We show strong stakeholder support for a definition, consensus on many biological and ecological dimensions, and no clustering of respondents from different sectors. Our consensus definition is a significant step toward defining sustainable fisheries goals and will help interpret and implement global political commitments which utilize the term “destructive fishing.” Our definition and results will help reinforce the Food and Agricultural Organization's Code of Conduct and meaningfully support member countries to prohibit destructive fishing practices.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 48
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    ‘Destructive fishing’—A ubiquitously used but vague term? Usage and impacts across academic research, media and policy (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Fish and Fisheries, Wiley, 23(5), pp. 1039-1054, ISSN: 1467-2960
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-17
    Description: The term ‘destructive fishing’ appears in multiple international policy instruments intended to improve outcomes for marine biodiversity, coastal communities and sustainable fisheries. However, the meaning of ‘destructive fishing’ is often vague, limiting effectiveness in policy. Therefore, in this study, we systematically reviewed the use of ‘destructive fishing’ in three record types: academic literature, media articles and policy documents between 1976 and 2020. A more detailed analysis was performed on subsets of these records, considering the extent to which the term is characterised, geographic distribution of use, and specific impacts and practices associated with the term. We found that use of ‘destructive fishing’ relative to the generic term ‘fisheries’ has increased since the 1990s. Records focussed predominantly on fishing practices in South-eastern Asia, followed by Southern Asia and Europe. The term was characterised in detail in only 15% of records. Habitat damage and blast/poison fishing were the most associated ecological impacts and gear/practices, respectively. Bottom trawling and unspecified net fishing were regularly linked to destructive fishing. Importantly, the three record types use the term differently. Academic literature tends to specifically articulate the negative impacts, while media articles focus generally on associated gears/practices. Significant regional variation also exists in how the term is used and what phenomena it is applied to. This study provides evidence and recommendations to inform stakeholders in any future pursuit of a unified definition of ‘destructive fishing’ to support more meaningful implementation of global sustainability goals.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 49
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    Dominant gingers – Discovery and inheritance of a new shell polymorphism in the great pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (2023)
    Wiley
    In:  Ecology and Evolution vol. 13 no. 12
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: Color polymorphism is a classic study system for evolutionary genetics. One of the most color-polymorphic animal taxa is mollusks, but the investigation of the genetic basis of color determination is often hindered by their life history and the limited avail-ability of genetic resources. Here, we report on the discovery of shell color polymor-phism in a much-used model species, the great pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. While their shell is usually beige, some individuals from a Greek population show a distinct red shell color, which we nicknamed Ginger. Moreover, we found that the inheritance fits simple, single-locus Mendelian inheritance with dominance of the Ginger allele. We also compared crucial life-history traits between Ginger and wild-type individuals, and found no differences between morphs. We conclude that the relative simplicity of this polymorphism will provide new opportunities for a deeper understanding of the genetic basis of shell color polymorphism and its evolutionary origin.
    Keywords: evolution ; genetics ; life history ; Mendelian inheritance ; simultaneous hermaphrodites
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 50
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    Ontogenetic resource utilization and migration reconstruction with δ13C values of essential amino acids in the Cynoscion acoupa otolith (2018)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, 8(19), pp. 9859-9869, ISSN: 2045-7758
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: With the increasing anthropogenic impacts on fish habitats, it has become more important to understand which primary resources sustain fish populations. This resource utilization can differ between fish life stages, and individuals can migrate between habitats in search of resources. Such lifetime information is difficult to obtain due to the large spatial and temporal scales of fish behavior. The otolith organic matrix has the potential to indicate this resource utilization and migration with δ13C values of essential amino acids (EAAs), which are a direct indication of the primary producers. In a proof-of-concept study, we selected the Acoupa weakfish, Cynoscion acoupa, as a model fish species with distinct ontogenetic migration patterns. While it inhabits the Brazilian mangrove estuaries during juvenile stages, it moves to the coastal shelf as an adult. Thus, we expected that lifetime resource utilization and migration would be reflected in δ13CEAA patterns and baseline values in C. acoupa otoliths. By analyzing the C. acoupa otolith edges across a size range of 12–119 cm, we found that baseline δ13CEAA values increased with size, which indicated an estuarine to coastal shelf distribution. This trend is highly correlated with inorganic δ13C values. The δ13CEAA patterns showed that estuarine algae rather than mangrove-derived resources supported the juvenile C. acoupa populations. Around the juvenile size of 40 cm, resource utilization overlapped with those of adults and mean baseline δ13CEAA values increased. This trend was confirmed by comparing otolith core and edges, although with some individuals potentially migrating over longer distances than others. Hence, δ13CEAA patterns and baseline values in otoliths have great potential to reconstruct ontogenetic shifts in resource use and habitats. The insight could aid in predictions on how environmental changes affect fish populations by identifying the controlling factors at the base of the food web.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 51
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    Ontogenetic resource utilization and migration reconstruction with δ13C values of essential amino acids in the Cynoscion acoupa otolith (2018)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, 8(19), pp. 9859-9869, ISSN: 2045-7758
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: With the increasing anthropogenic impacts on fish habitats, it has become more important to understand which primary resources sustain fish populations. This resource utilization can differ between fish life stages, and individuals can migrate between habitats in search of resources. Such lifetime information is difficult to obtain due to the large spatial and temporal scales of fish behavior. The otolith organic matrix has the potential to indicate this resource utilization and migration with δ13C values of essential amino acids (EAAs), which are a direct indication of the primary producers. In a proof-of-concept study, we selected the Acoupa weakfish, Cynoscion acoupa, as a model fish species with distinct ontogenetic migration patterns. While it inhabits the Brazilian mangrove estuaries during juvenile stages, it moves to the coastal shelf as an adult. Thus, we expected that lifetime resource utilization and migration would be reflected in δ13CEAA patterns and baseline values in C. acoupa otoliths. By analyzing the C. acoupa otolith edges across a size range of 12–119 cm, we found that baseline δ13CEAA values increased with size, which indicated an estuarine to coastal shelf distribution. This trend is highly correlated with inorganic δ13C values. The δ13CEAA patterns showed that estuarine algae rather than mangrove-derived resources supported the juvenile C. acoupa populations. Around the juvenile size of 40 cm, resource utilization overlapped with those of adults and mean baseline δ13CEAA values increased. This trend was confirmed by comparing otolith core and edges, although with some individuals potentially migrating over longer distances than others. Hence, δ13CEAA patterns and baseline values in otoliths have great potential to reconstruct ontogenetic shifts in resource use and habitats. The insight could aid in predictions on how environmental changes affect fish populations by identifying the controlling factors at the base of the food web.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 52
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    Ontogenetic resource utilization and migration reconstruction with δ13C values of essential amino acids in the Cynoscion acoupa otolith (2018)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, 8(19), pp. 9859-9869, ISSN: 2045-7758
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: With the increasing anthropogenic impacts on fish habitats, it has become more important to understand which primary resources sustain fish populations. This resource utilization can differ between fish life stages, and individuals can migrate between habitats in search of resources. Such lifetime information is difficult to obtain due to the large spatial and temporal scales of fish behavior. The otolith organic matrix has the potential to indicate this resource utilization and migration with δ13C values of essential amino acids (EAAs), which are a direct indication of the primary producers. In a proof-of-concept study, we selected the Acoupa weakfish, Cynoscion acoupa, as a model fish species with distinct ontogenetic migration patterns. While it inhabits the Brazilian mangrove estuaries during juvenile stages, it moves to the coastal shelf as an adult. Thus, we expected that lifetime resource utilization and migration would be reflected in δ13CEAA patterns and baseline values in C. acoupa otoliths. By analyzing the C. acoupa otolith edges across a size range of 12–119 cm, we found that baseline δ13CEAA values increased with size, which indicated an estuarine to coastal shelf distribution. This trend is highly correlated with inorganic δ13C values. The δ13CEAA patterns showed that estuarine algae rather than mangrove-derived resources supported the juvenile C. acoupa populations. Around the juvenile size of 40 cm, resource utilization overlapped with those of adults and mean baseline δ13CEAA values increased. This trend was confirmed by comparing otolith core and edges, although with some individuals potentially migrating over longer distances than others. Hence, δ13CEAA patterns and baseline values in otoliths have great potential to reconstruct ontogenetic shifts in resource use and habitats. The insight could aid in predictions on how environmental changes affect fish populations by identifying the controlling factors at the base of the food web.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 53
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    Ontogenetic resource utilization and migration reconstruction with δ13C values of essential amino acids in the Cynoscion acoupa otolith (2018)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, 8(19), pp. 9859-9869, ISSN: 2045-7758
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: With the increasing anthropogenic impacts on fish habitats, it has become more important to understand which primary resources sustain fish populations. This resource utilization can differ between fish life stages, and individuals can migrate between habitats in search of resources. Such lifetime information is difficult to obtain due to the large spatial and temporal scales of fish behavior. The otolith organic matrix has the potential to indicate this resource utilization and migration with δ13C values of essential amino acids (EAAs), which are a direct indication of the primary producers. In a proof-of-concept study, we selected the Acoupa weakfish, Cynoscion acoupa, as a model fish species with distinct ontogenetic migration patterns. While it inhabits the Brazilian mangrove estuaries during juvenile stages, it moves to the coastal shelf as an adult. Thus, we expected that lifetime resource utilization and migration would be reflected in δ13CEAA patterns and baseline values in C. acoupa otoliths. By analyzing the C. acoupa otolith edges across a size range of 12–119 cm, we found that baseline δ13CEAA values increased with size, which indicated an estuarine to coastal shelf distribution. This trend is highly correlated with inorganic δ13C values. The δ13CEAA patterns showed that estuarine algae rather than mangrove-derived resources supported the juvenile C. acoupa populations. Around the juvenile size of 40 cm, resource utilization overlapped with those of adults and mean baseline δ13CEAA values increased. This trend was confirmed by comparing otolith core and edges, although with some individuals potentially migrating over longer distances than others. Hence, δ13CEAA patterns and baseline values in otoliths have great potential to reconstruct ontogenetic shifts in resource use and habitats. The insight could aid in predictions on how environmental changes affect fish populations by identifying the controlling factors at the base of the food web.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Tracing basal resource use across sea‐ice, pelagic, and benthic habitats in the early Arctic spring food web with essential amino acid carbon isotopes (2023)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, 68(4), pp. 862-877, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: A rapidly warming Arctic Ocean and associated sea-ice decline is resulting in changing sea-ice protist communities, affecting productivity of under-ice, pelagic, and benthic fauna. Quantifying such effects is hampered by a lack of biomarkers suitable for tracing specific basal resources (primary producers and microorganisms) through food webs. We investigate the potential of δ13C values of essential amino acids (EAAs) (δ13CEAA values) to estimate the proportional use of diverse basal resources by organisms from the under-ice (Apherusa glacialis), pelagic (Calanus hyperboreus) and benthic habitats (sponges, sea cucumber), and the cryo-pelagic fish Boreogadus saida. Two approaches were used: baseline δ13CEAA values, that is, the basal resource specific δ13CEAA values, and δ13CEAA fingerprints, or mean-centred baseline δ13CEAA values. Substantial use of sub-ice algae Melosira arctica by all studied organisms suggests that its role within Arctic food webs is greater than previously recognized. In addition, δ13CEAA fingerprints from algae-associated bacteria were clearly traced to the sponges, with an individually variable kelp use by sea cucumbers. Although mean-centred δ13CEAA values in A. glacialis, C. hyperboreus, and B. saida tissues were aligned with microalgae resources, they were not fully represented by the filtered pelagic- and sea-ice particulate organic matter constituting the spring diatom-dominated algal community. Under-ice and pelagic microalgae use could only be differentiated with baseline δ13CEAA values as similar microalgae clades occur in both habitats. We suggest that δ13CEAA fingerprints combined with microalgae baseline δ13CEAA values are an insightful tool to assess the effect of ongoing changes in Arctic basal resources on their use by organisms.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Sustainable Qatar (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: This open access book provides a topical overview of the key sustainability issues in Qatar, focusing on environmental sustainability from a socio-political perspective. The transition to a sustainable Qatar requires engagement with diverse areas of social-political, human, and environmental development. On the environmental aspects, the contributors address climate change, food security, water reuse and desalination, energy, and biodiversity. The socio-political section examines state strategy and regulation, the place of environmental law and geopolitics and sustainability innovators and catalysts. The human section considers economics, sustainability education, the knowledge economy, and waste management. In doing so, the book demarcates the ways in which the country encounters and grapples with significant challenges and delves into the range of options for future pathways to sustainability in Qatar. Relevant to policymakers and scholars in energy and environment, urban and developmental studies, as well as the arenas of politics, climate change and policy, this book is a landmark collection on environmental policy in the Gulf and beyond. ; This volume provides a topical overview of the key sustainability issues in Qatar, focusing on environmental sustainability from a socio-political perspective. The transition to a sustainable Qatar weaves together pillars of social-political, human, and environmental development, and so this book tackles each aspect accordingly. In the environmental section, the contributors address climate change, food security, water reuse and desalination, energy, air quality and biodiversity. The socio-political section examines state strategy and regulation, the place of environmental law and geopolitics, and sustainability innovators and catalysts. The human section considers demographic trends and models, economics – including the circular economy and green finance – transport, the built environment, and waste management. In doing so, the volume demarcates the ways in which the country encounters and grapples with significant challenges, and delves into the range of options for future pathways to sustainability in Qatar. Relevant to policymakers and scholars in energy and environment, urban, and developmental studies, as well as the arenas of politics, climate change, and policy, this book is a landmark collection on environmental policy in the Gulf, and beyond.
    Keywords: Sustainability ; Qatar ; Middle East ; Gulf Studies ; Food Security ; Water Security ; Energy ; Development ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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    Underwater Multiview Stereo Using Axial Camera Models (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: 3D models, generated from underwater imagery, are a valuable asset for many applications. When acquiring images underwater, light is refracted as it passes the boundary layers between water, housing and the air inside the housing due to the different refractive indices of the materials. Thus the geometry of the light rays changes in this scenario and the standard pinhole camera model is not applicable. As a result, pinhole 3D reconstruction methods can not easily be applied in this environment. For the dense reconstruction of scene surfaces the added complexity is especially challenging, as these types of algorithms have to match vast amounts of image content. This work proposes the refractive adaptation of a PatchMatch Multi-View Stereo algorithm. The refraction encountered at flat port underwater housings is explicitly modeled to avoid systematic errors in the reconstruction. Concepts derived from the axial camera model are employed to handle the high demands of Multi-View Stereo regarding accuracy and computational complexity. Numerical simulations and reconstruction results on synthetically generated but realistic images with ground truth validate the effectiveness of the approach.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 57
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    Promoting effects of aluminum addition on chlorophyll biosynthesis and growth of two cultured iron‐limited marine diatoms (2024)
    Wiley | ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: Promoting effects of aluminum addition on chlorophyll biosynthesis and growth of two cultured iron‐limited marine diatoms Linbin Zhou CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Marine Biogeochemistry Division GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Germany University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7230-4116 Fengjie Liu Marine Biogeochemistry Division GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Germany Grantham Institute—Climate Change and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London London UK Eric P. Achterberg Marine Biogeochemistry Division GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Germany Anja Engel Marine Biogeochemistry Division GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-1955 Peter G.C. Campbell Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Centre Eau Terre Environnement Quebec Canada https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7160-4571 Claude Fortin Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Centre Eau Terre Environnement Quebec Canada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2479-1869 Liangmin Huang CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Yehui Tan CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Abstract Aluminum (Al) may play a role in the ocean's capacity for absorbing atmospheric CO 2 via influencing carbon fixation, export, and sequestration. Aluminum fertilization, especially in iron (Fe)‐limited high‐nutrient, low‐chlorophyll ocean regions, has been proposed as a potential CO 2 removal strategy to mitigate global warming. However, how Al addition would influence the solubility and bioavailability of Fe as well as the physiology of Fe‐limited phytoplankton has not yet been examined. Here, we show that Al addition (20 and 100 nM) had little influence on the Fe solubility in surface seawater and decreased the Fe bio‐uptake by 11–22% in Fe‐limited diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii in Fe‐buffered media. On the other hand, the Al addition significantly increased the rate of chlorophyll biosynthesis by 45–60% for Fe‐limited T. weissflogii and 81–102% for Fe‐limited Thalassiosira pseudonana , as well as their cell size, cellular chlorophyll content, photosynthetic quantum efficiency ( F v / F m ) and growth rate. Under Fe‐sufficient conditions, the Al addition still led to an increased growth rate, though the beneficial effects of Al addition on chlorophyll biosynthesis were no longer apparent. These results suggest that Al may facilitate chlorophyll biosynthesis and benefit the photosynthetic efficiency and growth of Fe‐limited diatoms. We speculate that Al addition may enhance intracellular Fe use efficiency for chlorophyll biosynthesis by facilitating the superoxide‐mediated intracellular reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). Our study provides new evidence and support for the iron–aluminum hypothesis.
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    Allochthonous Groundwater Microorganisms Affect Coastal Seawater Microbial Abundance, Activity and Diversity (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a globally important process supplying nutrients and trace elements to the coastal environment, thus playing a pivotal role in sustaining marine primary productivity. Along with nutrients, groundwater also contains allochthonous microbes that are discharged from the terrestrial subsurface into the sea. Currently, little is known about the interactions between groundwater‐borne and coastal seawater microbial populations, and groundwater microbes' role upon introduction to coastal seawater populations. Here, we investigated seawater microbial abundance, activity and diversity in a site strongly influenced by SGD. In addition, through laboratory‐controlled bottle incubations, we mimicked different mixing scenarios between groundwater and seawater. Our results demonstrate that the addition of 0.1 μm filtered groundwater stimulated heterotrophic activity and increased microbial abundance compared to control coastal seawater, whereas 0.22 μm filtration treatments induced primary productivity and Synechococcus growth. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed a strong shift from a SAR11‐rich community in the control samples to Rhodobacteraceae dominance in the 〈0.1 μm treatment, in agreement with Rhodobacteraceae enrichment in the SGD field site. These results suggest that microbes delivered by SGD may affect the abundance, activity and diversity of intrinsic microbes in coastal seawater, highlighting the cryptic interplay between groundwater and seawater microbes in coastal environments, which has important implications for carbon cycling. Plain Language Summary Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is an important process where groundwater flows into the ocean along the coast. When the groundwater mixes with seawater, the microbes from both sources interact with each other, which can impact the diversity, activity, and amount of microbes in the coastal environment. Currently, little is known about how groundwater‐borne microbes affect marine microbial populations. Our research shows that when groundwater microbes are removed before mixing groundwater with seawater, the abundance and activity of certain microbes that consume organic matter significantly increase. Additionally, we noticed a significant difference in the types of microbes present between the sites where SGD occurs versus background (uninfluenced) coastal water, especially in terms of the microbes that consume organic matter. Overall, this study suggests that there is a connection between groundwater and seawater microbes, which can influence the delicate balance between organisms that produce carbon and those that consume it. This has important implications for how carbon cycles globally. Key Points Groundwater discharge into the coastal zone delivers both nutrients and allochthonous microbes Groundwater microbes interact with seawater populations, by which affecting the delicate autotroph‐heterotroph balance Subterranean microbial processes are key drivers of food webs, potentially affecting biogenic carbon fluxes in the ocean
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    Mechanisms Underpinning the Net Removal Rates of Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Global Ocean (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: With almost 700 Pg of carbon, marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) stores more carbon than all living biomass on Earth combined. However, the controls behind the persistence and the spatial patterns of DOC concentrations on the basin scale remain largely unknown, precluding quantitative assessments of the fate of this large carbon pool in a changing climate. Net removal rates of DOC along the overturning circulation suggest lifetimes of millennia. These net removal rates are in stark contrast to the turnover times of days to weeks of heterotrophic microorganisms, which are the main consumers of organic carbon in the ocean. Here, we present a dynamic “MICrobial DOC” model (MICDOC) with an explicit representation of picoheterotrophs to test whether ecological mechanisms may lead to observed decadal to millennial net removal rates. MICDOC is in line with 〉40,000 DOC observations. Contrary to other global models, the reactivity of DOC fractions is not prescribed, but emerges from a dynamic feedback between microbes and DOC governed by carbon and macronutrient availability. A colimitation of macronutrients and organic carbon on microbial DOC uptake explains 〉70% of the global variation of DOC concentrations, and governs characteristic features of its distribution. Here, decadal to millennial net removal rates emerge from microbial processes acting on time scales of days to weeks, suggesting that the temporal variability of the marine DOC inventory may be larger than previously thought. With MICDOC, we provide a foundation for assessing global effects on DOC related to changes in heterotrophic microbial communities in a future ocean Plain Language Summary The ocean stores more carbon as dissolved organic compounds (DOC) than all animals and plants on land and the oceans combined. However, numerical models used for future climate scenarios lack an implementation of processes transforming DOC back to CO 2 by marine microorganisms. Here, we present a global dynamical ocean model that explicitly considers the processes of DOC degradation by marine microorganisms. In the present ocean, the availability of organic carbon but also nitrogen and phosphorus control the amount of carbon stored as DOC, as the lack of these nutrients inhibits its degradation by bacteria. The identification of these ecological controls allows a quantitative assessment of the fate of this large carbon reservoir in the future. The findings indicate that the marine DOC reservoir is potentially more dynamic than previously thought, since decadal to millennial scale net removal rates might be a result of microbial processes acting on shorter time scales Key Points A model to reconcile millennial‐scale bulk dissolved organic carbon degradation rates and short‐term microbial turnover times is presented Macronutrient colimitation can explain observed concentration patterns of dissolved organic carbon in the surface ocean Continuous microbial reworking suggests a higher temporal variability of the marine dissolved organic matter inventory than previously thought
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  • 60
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    “Seeing” Beneath the Clouds — Machine-Learning-Based Reconstruction of North African Dust Plumes (2024)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: Mineral dust is one of the most abundant atmospheric aerosol species and has various far-reaching effects on the climate system and adverse impacts on air quality. Satellite observations can provide spatio-temporal information on dust emission and transport pathways. However, satellite observations of dust plumes are frequently obscured by clouds. We use a method based on established, machine-learning-based image in-painting techniques to restore the spatial extent of dust plumes for the first time. We train an artificial neural net (ANN) on modern reanalysis data paired with satellite-derived cloud masks. The trained ANN is applied to cloud-masked, gray-scaled images, which were derived from false color images indicating elevated dust plumes in bright magenta. The images were obtained from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager instrument onboard the Meteosat Second Generation satellite. We find up to 15% of summertime observations in West Africa and 10% of summertime observations in Nubia by satellite images miss dust plumes due to cloud cover. We use the new dust-plume data to demonstrate a novel approach for validating spatial patterns of the operational forecasts provided by the World Meteorological Organization Dust Regional Center in Barcelona. The comparison elucidates often similar dust plume patterns in the forecasts and the satellite-based reconstruction, but once trained, the reconstruction is computationally inexpensive. Our proposed reconstruction provides a new opportunity for validating dust aerosol transport in numerical weather models and Earth system models. It can be adapted to other aerosol species and trace gases. Key Points: - We present the first fast reconstruction of cloud-obscured Saharan dust plumes through novel machine learning applied to satellite images - The reconstruction algorithm utilizes partial convolutions to restore cloud-induced gaps in gray-scaled Meteosat Second Generation-Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager Dust RGB images - World Meteorological Organization dust forecasts for North Africa mostly agree with the satellite-based reconstruction of the dust plume extent
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  • 61
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    Regularized System Identification (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book provides a comprehensive treatment of recent developments in kernel-based identification that are of interest to anyone engaged in learning dynamic systems from data. The reader is led step by step into understanding of a novel paradigm that leverages the power of machine learning without losing sight of the system-theoretical principles of black-box identification. The authors’ reformulation of the identification problem in the light of regularization theory not only offers new insight on classical questions, but paves the way to new and powerful algorithms for a variety of linear and nonlinear problems. Regression methods such as regularization networks and support vector machines are the basis of techniques that extend the function-estimation problem to the estimation of dynamic models. Many examples, also from real-world applications, illustrate the comparative advantages of the new nonparametric approach with respect to classic parametric prediction error methods. The challenges it addresses lie at the intersection of several disciplines so Regularized System Identification will be of interest to a variety of researchers and practitioners in the areas of control systems, machine learning, statistics, and data science. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: System Identification ; Machine Learning ; Linear Dynamical Systems ; Nonlinear Dynamical Systems ; Kernel-based Regularization ; Bayesian Interpretation of Regularization ; Gaussian Processes ; Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces ; Estimation Theory ; Support Vector Machines ; Regularization Networks ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHS Statistical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics::PBTB Bayesian inference ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general::GPF Information theory::GPFC Cybernetics and systems theory
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    Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access two-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2020, which took place in Dublin, Ireland, in April 2020, and was held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020. The total of 60 regular papers presented in these volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 155 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Program verification; SAT and SMT; Timed and Dynamical Systems; Verifying Concurrent Systems; Probabilistic Systems; Model Checking and Reachability; and Timed and Probabilistic Systems. Part II: Bisimulation; Verification and Efficiency; Logic and Proof; Tools and Case Studies; Games and Automata; and SV-COMP 2020.
    Keywords: Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Computer System Implementation ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Mathematics of Computing ; open access ; specification and verification techniques ; software and hardware verification ; SAT and SMT solving ; theorem proving ; model checking ; static and dynamic program analysis ; testing ; system construction and transformation techniques ; tool environments and tool architectures ; abstraction techniques for modeling and verification ; compositional and refinement-based methodologies ; mathematics ; software engineering ; software design ; architecting ; software architecture ; embedded systems ; automata theory ; linguistics ; Software Engineering ; Operating systems ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Systems analysis & design ; Algorithms & data structures ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Maths for computer scientists ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation
    Language: English
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    Digital Humanism (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book deals with cultural and philosophical aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) and pleads for a “digital humanism”. This term is beginning to be en vogue everywhere. Due to a growing discontentment with the way digitalization is being used in the world, particularly formulated by former heroes of Internet, social media and search engine companies, philosophical as well as industrial thought leaders begin to plead for a humane use of digital tools. Yet the term “digital humanism” is a particular terminology that lacks a sound conceptual and philosophical basis and needs clarification still – and this gap is exactly filled by this book. It propagates a vision of society in which digitization is used to strengthen human self-determination, autonomy and dignity and whose time has come to be propagated throughout the world. The advantage of this book is that it is philosophically sound and yet written in a way that will make it accessible for everybody interested in the subject. Every chapters begins with a film scene illustrating a precise philosophical problem with AI and how we look at it – making the book not only readable, but even entertaining. And after having read the book the reader will have a clear vision of what it means to live in a world where digitization and AI are central technologies for a better and more humane civilization.
    Keywords: Digital Humanism ; Philosophy of Computer Science ; Computer Ethics ; Scientific Communication ; Artificial Intelligence ; Computers and Society ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBJ Digital and information technologies: social and ethical aspects ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBL Digital and information technologies: Legal aspects
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    Forest Radioecology in Fukushima (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This is an open access book that provides holistic information on the radioactive contamination of forests. Topics are highly interdisciplinary, ranging from the dynamics of radioactive cesium in forest ecosystems to the radiation protection or the socio-economic aspects of radiation effects. It is designed to help people understand the radioactive contamination in forests and provide hints of how to cope with it and restore their livelihoods. The book is characterized by its well-balanced structure that allows the reader to understand the whole picture without going into too much scientific content. After explaining the basics of radioactive materials and radiation, the book illustrates the radioactive contamination of forests, it also describes the impacts on the forestry and life of local people and the measures taken by. Few books address the concerns about how to deal with radioactive contamination of forests and the future perspectives. In this book, people can learn all about the Fukushima nuclear accident of forests, forest products, and people with abundant reference materials. In addition, the book contains four memoirs contributed by Japanese and European researchers that graphically record what the researchers thought and how they acted in the chaos of the aftermath of the accident. In 2021 that marking the 10th anniversary of the Fukushima nuclear accident and the 35th anniversary of the Chernobyl accident, nuclear disasters are in the spotlight more than ever. This thought-provoking book on how to prepare for a severe nuclear accident is suitable for sharing with people all over the world as a lesson on the next nuclear accidents, now that the number of nuclear power plants is still increasing. The translation of this work was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). Intensive improvements were subsequently made by the authors throughout the text to ensure accuracy of expression and contents and to enhance the clarity.
    Keywords: Fukushima accident ; Forestry and forest ecosystem ; Radioecology ; Radiation impact ; Radiation protection ; Auto-translation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVR Forestry and silviculture ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management
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    Artificial Intelligence for a Better Future (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book proposes a novel approach to Artificial Intelligence (AI) ethics. AI offers many advantages: better and faster medical diagnoses, improved business processes and efficiency, and the automation of boring work. But undesirable and ethically problematic consequences are possible too: biases and discrimination, breaches of privacy and security, and societal distortions such as unemployment, economic exploitation and weakened democratic processes. There is even a prospect, ultimately, of super-intelligent machines replacing humans. The key question, then, is: how can we benefit from AI while addressing its ethical problems? This book presents an innovative answer to the question by presenting a different perspective on AI and its ethical consequences. Instead of looking at individual AI techniques, applications or ethical issues, we can understand AI as a system of ecosystems, consisting of numerous interdependent technologies, applications and stakeholders. Developing this idea, the book explores how AI ecosystems can be shaped to foster human flourishing. Drawing on rich empirical insights and detailed conceptual analysis, it suggests practical measures to ensure that AI is used to make the world a better place.
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence ; Ethics ; Computers and Society ; Philosophy of Technology ; Business Ethics ; Applied Ethics ; Ethics of Technology ; Computer Ethics ; Information Ethics ; Responsible Research and Innovation ; Innovation Ecosystem ; Engineering Ethics ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; Open Access ; Ethics & moral philosophy ; Ethical & social aspects of IT ; Philosophy ; Business ethics & social responsibility ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBJ Digital and information technologies: social and ethical aspects ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJG Business ethics and social responsibility
    Language: English
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    Big Data in Bioeconomy (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This edited open access book presents the comprehensive outcome of The European DataBio Project, which examined new data-driven methods to shape a bioeconomy. These methods are used to develop new and sustainable ways to use forest, farm and fishery resources. As a European initiative, the goal is to use these new findings to support decision-makers and producers – meaning farmers, land and forest owners and fishermen. With their 27 pilot projects from 17 countries, the authors examine important sectors and highlight examples where modern data-driven methods were used to increase sustainability. How can farmers, foresters or fishermen use these insights in their daily lives? The authors answer this and other questions for our readers. The first four parts of this book give an overview of the big data technologies relevant for optimal raw material gathering. The next three parts put these technologies into perspective, by showing useable applications from farming, forestry and fishery. The final part of this book gives a summary and a view on the future. With its broad outlook and variety of topics, this book is an enrichment for students and scientists in bioeconomy, biodiversity and renewable resources.
    Keywords: Data-driven bioeconomy ; big data ; artificial intelligence ; agriculture ; forestry ; earth observation ; satellite images ; fishery ; open access ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVR Forestry and silviculture ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics
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    Metalearning (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book as one of the fastest-growing areas of research in machine learning, metalearning studies principled methods to obtain efficient models and solutions by adapting machine learning and data mining processes. This adaptation usually exploits information from past experience on other tasks and the adaptive processes can involve machine learning approaches. As a related area to metalearning and a hot topic currently, automated machine learning (AutoML) is concerned with automating the machine learning processes. Metalearning and AutoML can help AI learn to control the application of different learning methods and acquire new solutions faster without unnecessary interventions from the user. This book offers a comprehensive and thorough introduction to almost all aspects of metalearning and AutoML, covering the basic concepts and architecture, evaluation, datasets, hyperparameter optimization, ensembles and workflows, and also how this knowledge can be used to select, combine, compose, adapt and configure both algorithms and models to yield faster and better solutions to data mining and data science problems. It can thus help developers to develop systems that can improve themselves through experience. This book is a substantial update of the first edition published in 2009. It includes 18 chapters, more than twice as much as the previous version. This enabled the authors to cover the most relevant topics in more depth and incorporate the overview of recent research in the respective area. The book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in the areas of machine learning, data mining, data science and artificial intelligence. ; Metalearning is the study of principled methods that exploit metaknowledge to obtain efficient models and solutions by adapting machine learning and data mining processes. While the variety of machine learning and data mining techniques now available can, in principle, provide good model solutions, a methodology is still needed to guide the search for the most appropriate model in an efficient way. Metalearning provides one such methodology that allows systems to become more effective through experience. This book discusses several approaches to obtaining knowledge concerning the performance of machine learning and data mining algorithms. It shows how this knowledge can be reused to select, combine, compose and adapt both algorithms and models to yield faster, more effective solutions to data mining problems. It can thus help developers improve their algorithms and also develop learning systems that can improve themselves. The book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in the areas of machine learning, data mining and artificial intelligence.
    Keywords: Metalearning ; Automating Machine Learning (AutoML) ; Machine Learning ; Artificial Intelligence ; algorithm selection ; algorithm recommendation ; algorithm configuration ; hyperparameter optimization ; automating the workflow/pipeline design ; metalearning in ensemble construction ; metalearning in deep neural networks ; transfer learning ; algorithm recommendation for data streams ; automating data science ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNF Data mining ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning
    Language: English
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    Software for Exascale Computing - SPPEXA 2016-2019 (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book summarizes the research done and results obtained in the second funding phase of the Priority Program 1648 "Software for Exascale Computing" (SPPEXA) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) presented at the SPPEXA Symposium in Dresden during October 21-23, 2019. In that respect, it both represents a continuation of Vol. 113 in Springer’s series Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, the corresponding report of SPPEXA’s first funding phase, and provides an overview of SPPEXA’s contributions towards exascale computing in today's sumpercomputer technology. The individual chapters address one or more of the research directions (1) computational algorithms, (2) system software, (3) application software, (4) data management and exploration, (5) programming, and (6) software tools. The book has an interdisciplinary appeal: scholars from computational sub-fields in computer science, mathematics, physics, or engineering will find it of particular interest.
    Keywords: Simulation and Modeling ; Performance and Reliability ; Computational Science and Engineering ; Input/Output and Data Communications ; Mathematical and Computational Engineering ; Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation ; Computer Science ; Computer Hardware ; Mathematical and Computational Engineering Applications ; Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics ; open access ; computational algorithms and numerical methods ; data management and exploration ; high-performance computing ; simulation software and applications ; system software and software tools ; Computer modelling & simulation ; Systems analysis & design ; Maintenance & repairs ; Maths for scientists ; Computer networking & communications ; Distributed databases ; Maths for engineers ; Mathematical physics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDE Maths for scientists ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBJ Maths for engineers ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics
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    Reversible Computation: Extending Horizons of Computing (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access State-of-the-Art Survey presents the main recent scientific outcomes in the area of reversible computation, focusing on those that have emerged during COST Action IC1405 "Reversible Computation - Extending Horizons of Computing", a European research network that operated from May 2015 to April 2019. Reversible computation is a new paradigm that extends the traditional forwards-only mode of computation with the ability to execute in reverse, so that computation can run backwards as easily and naturally as forwards. It aims to deliver novel computing devices and software, and to enhance existing systems by equipping them with reversibility. There are many potential applications of reversible computation, including languages and software tools for reliable and recovery-oriented distributed systems and revolutionary reversible logic gates and circuits, but they can only be realized and have lasting effect if conceptual and firm theoretical foundations are established first.
    Keywords: Logic Design ; Computer System Implementation ; Computer Communication Networks ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Software Engineering ; Operating Systems ; open access ; reversible computation ; semantics of reversible computation ; formal methods ; models of computation ; circuit design ; simulation ; robotics ; debugging ; quantum computing ; wireless communications ; programming languages ; dependability ; modelling of biochemical systems ; computer networks ; engineering ; software engineering ; parallel processing systems ; theoretical computer science ; Computer architecture & logic design ; Systems analysis & design ; Network hardware ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Operating systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYF Computer architecture and logic design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UL Operating systems
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    Data Science for Economics and Finance (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book covers the use of data science, including advanced machine learning, big data analytics, Semantic Web technologies, natural language processing, social media analysis, time series analysis, among others, for applications in economics and finance. In addition, it shows some successful applications of advanced data science solutions used to extract new knowledge from data in order to improve economic forecasting models. The book starts with an introduction on the use of data science technologies in economics and finance and is followed by thirteen chapters showing success stories of the application of specific data science methodologies, touching on particular topics related to novel big data sources and technologies for economic analysis (e.g. social media and news); big data models leveraging on supervised/unsupervised (deep) machine learning; natural language processing to build economic and financial indicators; and forecasting and nowcasting of economic variables through time series analysis. This book is relevant to all stakeholders involved in digital and data-intensive research in economics and finance, helping them to understand the main opportunities and challenges, become familiar with the latest methodological findings, and learn how to use and evaluate the performances of novel tools and frameworks. It primarily targets data scientists and business analysts exploiting data science technologies, and it will also be a useful resource to research students in disciplines and courses related to these topics. Overall, readers will learn modern and effective data science solutions to create tangible innovations for economic and financial applications.
    Keywords: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery ; Machine Learning ; Business Information Systems ; Big Data/Analytics ; Computer Appl. in Administrative Data Processing ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; IT in Business ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; Open Access ; Data Mining ; Big Data ; Data Analytics ; Decision Support Systems ; Semantics and Reasoning ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Business mathematics & systems ; Public administration ; Information technology: general issues ; Information retrieval ; Data warehousing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNF Data mining ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval
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    Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book highlights concepts discussed at two international conferences that brought together world-renowned scientists to advance the science of potassium (K) recommendations for crops. There was general agreement that the potassium recommendations currently in general use are oversimplified, outdated, and jeopardize soil, plant, and human health. Accordingly, this book puts forward a significantly expanded K cycle that more accurately depicts K inputs, losses and transformations in soils. This new cycle serves as both the conceptual basis for the scientific discussions in this book and a framework upon which to build future improvements. Previously used approaches are critically reviewed and assessed, not only for their relevance to future enhancements, but also for their use as metrics of sustainability. An initial effort is made to link K nutrition in crops and K nutrition in humans. The book offers an invaluable asset for graduate students, educators, industry scientists, data scientists, and advanced agronomists.
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Plant Biochemistry ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Applied Ecology ; Soil Science ; Bioavailable Potassium ; Fertilizer Management ; Plant Nutrition ; Potash ; Soil Chemistry ; Sustainability ; Open access ; Agricultural science ; Botany & plant sciences ; Biochemistry ; Sedimentology & pedology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere::RBGB Sedimentology and pedology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology
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    Model-Based Engineering of Collaborative Embedded Systems (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This Open Access book presents the results of the "Collaborative Embedded Systems" (CrESt) project, aimed at adapting and complementing the methodology underlying modeling techniques developed to cope with the challenges of the dynamic structures of collaborative embedded systems (CESs) based on the SPES development methodology. In order to manage the high complexity of the individual systems and the dynamically formed interaction structures at runtime, advanced and powerful development methods are required that extend the current state of the art in the development of embedded systems and cyber-physical systems. The methodological contributions of the project support the effective and efficient development of CESs in dynamic and uncertain contexts, with special emphasis on the reliability and variability of individual systems and the creation of networks of such systems at runtime. The project was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), and the case studies are therefore selected from areas that are highly relevant for Germany’s economy (automotive, industrial production, power generation, and robotics). It also supports the digitalization of complex and transformable industrial plants in the context of the German government's "Industry 4.0" initiative, and the project results provide a solid foundation for implementing the German government's high-tech strategy "Innovations for Germany" in the coming years.
    Keywords: Software Engineering ; Software Management ; Automotive Engineering ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; IT in Business ; Model-Driven Software Development ; Requirements Engineering ; Automotive Software Engineering ; Embedded Systems ; Open Access ; SPES Methodology ; Simulation ; Co-Design of Systems ; Business mathematics & systems ; Business applications ; Automotive technology & trades ; Automotive (motor mechanic) skills ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades::TRC Automotive technology and trades ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems
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    Programming Languages and Systems (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 30th European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2021, which was held during March 27 until April 1, 2021, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg and changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 24 papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 79 submissions. They deal with fundamental issues in the specification, design, analysis, and implementation of programming languages and systems.
    Keywords: Programming Languages, Compilers, Interpreters ; Natural Language Processing (NLP) ; Software Engineering ; Logics and Meanings of Programs ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Compilers and Interpreters ; Computer Science Logic and Foundations of Programming ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; computer programming ; concurrency theory ; distributed computer systems ; formal logic ; lamdba calculi ; linguistics ; logic ; object-oriented programming ; parallel processing systems ; probabilistic programming ; process calculi ; program compilers ; semantics ; software design ; software quality ; theory ; types ; verification and validation ; Programming & scripting languages: general ; Compilers & interpreters ; Natural language & machine translation ; Computer programming / software engineering ; Computer architecture & logic design ; Computer networking & communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMX Programming and scripting languages: general ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications
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    Technology, Design and the Arts - Opportunities and Challenges (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book details the relationship between the artist and their created works, using tools such as information technology, computer environments, and interactive devices, for a range of information sources and application domains. This has produced new kinds of created works which can be viewed, explored, and interacted with, either as an installation or via a virtual environment such as the Internet. These processes generate new dimensions of understanding and experience for both the artist and the public’s relationships with the works that are produced. This has raised a variety of interdisciplinary opportunities and issues, and these are examined. The symbiotic relationship between artistic works and the cultural context in which they are produced is reviewed. Technology can provide continuity by making traditional methods and techniques more efficient and effective. It can also provide discontinuity by opening up new perspectives and paradigms. This can generate new ideas, and produce a greater understanding of artistic processes and how they are implemented in practice. Tools have been used from the earliest times to create and modify artistic works. For example, naturally occurring pigments have been used for cave paintings. What has been created provides insight into the cultural context and social environment at the time of creation. There is an interplay between the goal of the creator, the selection and use of appropriate tools, and the materials and representations chosen. Technology, Design and the Arts - Opportunities and Challenges is relevant for artists and technologists and those engaged in interdisciplinary research and development at the boundaries between these disciplines.
    Keywords: User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction ; Computer Appl. in Arts and Humanities ; Media Design ; Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet) ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet) ; Interactive Arts ; Digital Art ; Creativity and Virtual Reality ; Technology, Design and the Arts ; Open Access ; Collaborative Art and Design ; User interface design & usability ; Computer applications in the arts & humanities ; Graphical & digital media applications ; Information retrieval ; Internet searching ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UG Graphical and digital media applications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval
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    Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access two-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2020, which took place in Dublin, Ireland, in April 2020, and was held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020. The total of 60 regular papers presented in these volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 155 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Program verification; SAT and SMT; Timed and Dynamical Systems; Verifying Concurrent Systems; Probabilistic Systems; Model Checking and Reachability; and Timed and Probabilistic Systems. Part II: Bisimulation; Verification and Efficiency; Logic and Proof; Tools and Case Studies; Games and Automata; and SV-COMP 2020.
    Keywords: Theory of Computation ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Computer System Implementation ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Mathematics of Computing ; open access ; specification and verification techniques ; software and hardware verification ; SAT and SMT solving ; theorem proving ; model checking ; static and dynamic program analysis ; testing ; system construction and transformation techniques ; tool environments and tool architectures ; abstraction techniques for modeling and verification ; compositional and refinement-based methodologies ; mathematics ; software engineering ; software design ; architecting ; software architecture ; embedded systems ; automata theory ; linguistics ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Systems analysis & design ; Algorithms & data structures ; Maths for computer scientists ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation
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    Market Engineering (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book provides a broad range of insights on market engineering and information management. It covers topics like auctions, stock markets, electricity markets, the sharing economy, information and emotions in markets, smart decision-making in cities and other systems, and methodological approaches to conceptual modeling and taxonomy development. Overall, this book is a source of inspiration for everybody working on the vision of advancing the science of engineering markets and managing information for contributing to a bright, sustainable, digital world. Markets are powerful and extremely efficient mechanisms for coordinating individuals’ and organizations’ behavior in a complex, networked economy. Thus, designing, monitoring, and regulating markets is an essential task of today’s society. This task does not only derive from a purely economic point of view. Leveraging market forces can also help to tackle pressing social and environmental challenges. Moreover, markets process, generate, and reveal information. This information is a production factor and a valuable economic asset. In an increasingly digital world, it is more essential than ever to understand the life cycle of information from its creation and distribution to its use. Both markets and the flow of information should not arbitrarily emerge and develop based on individual, profit-driven actors. Instead, they should be engineered to serve best the whole society’s goals. This motivation drives the research fields of market engineering and information management. With this book, the editors and authors honor Professor Dr. Christof Weinhardt for his enormous and ongoing contribution to market engineering and information management research and practice. It was presented to him on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday in April 2021. Thank you very much, Christof, for so many years of cooperation, support, inspiration, and friendship.
    Keywords: Computer Applications ; IT in Business ; e-Commerce/e-business ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; e-Commerce and e-Business ; Information Systems ; Information Management ; Business Information Systems ; e-Services ; e-Finance ; Decision Support Systems ; Open Access ; Information technology: general issues ; Business mathematics & systems ; Business applications ; E-commerce: business aspects ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UF Business applications
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    Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access two-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2021, which was held during March 27 – April 1, 2021, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg and changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The total of 41 full papers presented in the proceedings was carefully reviewed and selected from 141 submissions. The volume also contains 7 tool papers; 6 Tool Demo papers, 9 SV-Comp Competition Papers. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Game Theory; SMT Verification; Probabilities; Timed Systems; Neural Networks; Analysis of Network Communication. Part II: Verification Techniques (not SMT); Case Studies; Proof Generation/Validation; Tool Papers; Tool Demo Papers; SV-Comp Tool Competition Papers.
    Keywords: Theory of Computation ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Logic in AI ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; architecture verification and validation ; artificial intelligence ; automata theory ; computer networks ; embedded systems ; formal languages ; formal logic ; linguistics ; mathematics ; model checking ; model-checking ; SAT and SMT solving ; signal processing ; software and hardware verification ; software architecture ; software engineering ; specification and verification techniques ; static and dynamic program analysis ; system construction and transforamtion techniques ; theorem-proving ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Computer networking & communications ; Algorithms & data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
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    Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access two-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2021, which was held during March 27 – April 1, 2021, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg and changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The total of 41 full papers presented in the proceedings was carefully reviewed and selected from 141 submissions. The volume also contains 7 tool papers; 6 Tool Demo papers, 9 SV-Comp Competition Papers. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Game Theory; SMT Verification; Probabilities; Timed Systems; Neural Networks; Analysis of Network Communication. Part II: Verification Techniques (not SMT); Case Studies; Proof Generation/Validation; Tool Papers; Tool Demo Papers; SV-Comp Tool Competition Papers.
    Keywords: Theory of Computation ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Software Engineering ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; architecture verification and validation ; automata theory ; computer systems ; distributed computer systems ; embedded systems ; formal logic ; mathematics ; model checking ; model-checking ; parallel processing systems ; SAT and SMT solving ; software architecture ; static and dynamic program analysis ; theorem-proving ; verification and validation ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Computer networking & communications ; Algorithms & data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering
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    Natural Computing and Beyond (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book contains the joint proceedings of the Winter School of Hakodate (WSH) 2011 held in Hakodate, Japan, March 15–16, 2011, and the 6th International Workshop on Natural Computing (6th IWNC) held in Tokyo, Japan, March 28–30, 2012, organized by the Special Interest Group of Natural Computing (SIG-NAC), the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (JSAI). This volume compiles refereed contributions to various aspects of natural computing, ranging from computing with slime mold, artificial chemistry, eco-physics, and synthetic biology, to computational aesthetics.
    Keywords: Simulation and Modeling ; Computational Biology/Bioinformatics ; Models and Principles ; Computer Appl. in Arts and Humanities ; Computer Science ; Computational and Systems Biology ; Database Management System ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; Computational Aesthetics ; Computing with Natural media ; Harness the Nature for Computation ; Synthetic Biology ; Computer modelling & simulation ; Life sciences: general issues ; Information technology: general issues ; Computer science ; Computer applications in the arts & humanities ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
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    Graph Structures for Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Graph Structures for Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, GKR 2020, held virtually in September 2020, associated with ECAI 2020, the 24th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. The 7 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited contributions were reviewed and selected from 9 submissions. The contributions address various issues for knowledge representation and reasoning and the common graph-theoretic background, which allows to bridge the gap between the different communities.
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence ; Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet) ; Computer Communication Networks ; Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; Formal Languages and Automata Theory ; open access ; concept lattices ; data mining ; databases ; fca ; formal concept analysis ; formal languages ; formal logic ; information analysis ; information systems ; knowledge-based system ; model-based reasoning ; network protocols ; ontologies ; Information retrieval ; Internet searching ; Network hardware ; Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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    Supercomputing Frontiers (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th Asian Supercomputing Conference, SCFA 2020, which was planned to be held in February 2020, but unfortunately, the physical conference was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 8 full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 22 submissions. They cover a range of topics including file systems, memory hierarchy, HPC cloud platform, container image configuration workflow, large-scale applications, and scheduling.
    Keywords: Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Image Processing and Computer Vision ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Input/Output and Data Communications ; Operating Systems ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; Computer Vision ; Database Management System ; computer hardware ; computer networks ; computer systems ; distributed computer systems ; distributed systems ; embedded systems ; hpc ; image processing ; microprocessor chips ; network protocols ; parallel architectures ; parallel processing systems ; processors ; signal processing ; telecommunication networks ; telecommunication systems ; telecommunication traffic ; open access ; Computer networking & communications ; Image processing ; Computer vision ; Algorithms & data structures ; Distributed databases ; Operating systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYT Image processing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UL Operating systems
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    Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering 2020 (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book provides an overview of the dissertations of the eleven nominees for the Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering in 2020. The prize, kindly sponsored by the Gerlind & Ernst Denert Stiftung, is awarded for excellent work within the discipline of Software Engineering, which includes methods, tools and procedures for better and efficient development of high quality software. An essential requirement for the nominated work is its applicability and usability in industrial practice. The book contains eleven papers that describe the works by Jonathan Brachthäuser (EPFL Lausanne) entitled What You See Is What You Get: Practical Effect Handlers in Capability-Passing Style, Mojdeh Golagha’s (Fortiss, Munich) thesis How to Effectively Reduce Failure Analysis Time?, Nikolay Harutyunyan’s (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg) work on Open Source Software Governance, Dominic Henze’s (TU Munich) research about Dynamically Scalable Fog Architectures, Anne Hess’s (Fraunhofer IESE, Kaiserslautern) work on Crossing Disciplinary Borders to Improve Requirements Communication, Istvan Koren’s (RWTH Aachen U) thesis DevOpsUse: A Community-Oriented Methodology for Societal Software Engineering, Yannic Noller’s (NU Singapore) work on Hybrid Differential Software Testing, Dominic Steinhofel’s (TU Darmstadt) thesis entitled Ever Change a Running System: Structured Software Reengineering Using Automatically Proven-Correct Transformation Rules, Peter Wägemann’s (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg) work Static Worst-Case Analyses and Their Validation Techniques for Safety-Critical Systems, Michael von Wenckstern’s (RWTH Aachen U) research on Improving the Model-Based Systems Engineering Process, and Franz Zieris’s (FU Berlin) thesis on Understanding How Pair Programming Actually Works in Industry: Mechanisms, Patterns, and Dynamics – which actually won the award. The chapters describe key findings of the respective works, show their relevance and applicability to practice and industrial software engineering projects, and provide additional information and findings that have only been discovered afterwards, e.g. when applying the results in industry. This way, the book is not only interesting to other researchers, but also to industrial software professionals who would like to learn about the application of state-of-the-art methods in their daily work.
    Keywords: Software Engineering ; Software Development ; Requirements Engineering ; Software Modeling ; Software Research ; Ernst Denert Award ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture
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    Innopolis University - From Zero to Hero (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book describes the development of Innopolis, a young Russian university established in 2012 to focus on teaching excellence in computer science, engineering, and robotics. It reports on the problems that were faced in the first decade of its development, and the adopted solutions. It shows how the key aspects for the development of the faculty, the curricula, the university structure, and the challenge of internationalization have been successfully addressed by the university management and professors, and how the solutions are scalable for other newly founded research organizations. The book is divided in five parts: “The Beginning” describes the very early days in general, from the foundation and start-up of the university with the related processes. “The People” reports on the initial hiring of the faculty members, the selection of students, and the curriculum development. “The Activities” provide information about the creation of the single research institutions and labs, and their relation to industry. “The Future” gives an outlook on the planned internationalization and faculty strategy. Eventually, “A Visual Journey” shows a selection of photographs illustrating highlights of the whole process and the current achievements. The processes and the components described built the basis for the development of Innopolis, and many of them still have a big impact on its present and its future. The fewer mistakes are made at the beginning, the higher the probability to fully achieve the initial goals.
    Keywords: Computer Education ; University Development ; Development of an International Faculty ; Curricula Development ; Industry Cooperation ; Online Education ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNK Educational administration and organization ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNV Educational equipment and technology, computer-aided learning (CAL) ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education
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    Rice Improvement (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. By 2050, human population is expected to reach 9.7 billion. The demand for increased food production needs to be met from ever reducing resources of land, water and other environmental constraints. Rice remains the staple food source for a majority of the global populations, but especially in Asia where ninety percent of rice is grown and consumed. Climate change continues to impose abiotic and biotic stresses that curtail rice quality and yields. Researchers have been challenged to provide innovative solutions to maintain, or even increase, rice production. Amongst them, the ‘green super rice’ breeding strategy has been successful for leading the development and release of multiple abiotic and biotic stress tolerant rice varieties. Recent advances in plant molecular biology and biotechnologies have led to the identification of stress responsive genes and signaling pathways, which open up new paradigms to augment rice productivity. Accordingly, transcription factors, protein kinases and enzymes for generating protective metabolites and proteins all contribute to an intricate network of events that guard and maintain cellular integrity. In addition, various quantitative trait loci associated with elevated stress tolerance have been cloned, resulting in the detection of novel genes for biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Mechanistic understanding of the genetic basis of traits, such as N and P use, is allowing rice researchers to engineer nutrient-efficient rice varieties, which would result in higher yields with lower inputs. Likewise, the research in micronutrients biosynthesis opens doors to genetic engineering of metabolic pathways to enhance micronutrients production. With third generation sequencing techniques on the horizon, exciting progress can be expected to vastly improve molecular markers for gene-trait associations forecast with increasing accuracy. This book emphasizes on the areas of rice science that attempt to overcome the foremost limitations in rice production. Our intention is to highlight research advances in the fields of physiology, molecular breeding and genetics, with a special focus on increasing productivity, improving biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and nutritional quality of rice. ; Up-to-date contributions by experts from international research centers and universities Provides practical knowledge and strong scientific foundation on rice biotechnology All-in-one resource for current advances in rice breeding Open Access
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Plant Breeding/Biotechnology ; Plant Genetics and Genomics ; Plant Physiology ; Nutrition ; Plant Biotechnology ; Plant Genetics ; Open Access ; Rice Biotechnologies ; Rice Breeding ; biotic stress tolerance ; abiotic stress tolerance ; Submergence tolerance ; Biofortification ; Marker Assisted and Forward Breeding ; disease resistance ; CRISPR/CAS ; Agricultural science ; Botany & plant sciences ; Biotechnology ; Genetics (non-medical) ; Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Digital Interaction and Machine Intelligence (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book is open access, which means that you have free and unlimited access. This book presents the Proceedings of the 9th Machine Intelligence and Digital Interaction Conference. Significant progress in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) and its wider use in many interactive products are quickly transforming further areas of our life, which results in the emergence of various new social phenomena. Many countries have been making efforts to understand these phenomena and find answers on how to put the development of artificial intelligence on the right track to support the common good of people and societies. These attempts require interdisciplinary actions, covering not only science disciplines involved in the development of artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction but also close cooperation between researchers and practitioners. For this reason, the main goal of the MIDI conference held on 9-10.12.2021 as a virtual event is to integrate two, until recently, independent fields of research in computer science: broadly understood artificial intelligence and human-technology interaction.
    Keywords: Computational Intelligence ; AI ; MIDI 2021 ; MIDI ; Machine Intelligence ; Digital Interaction ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning
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    The Innovation Revolution in Agriculture (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book is an important reframing of the role of innovation in agriculture. Dr. Campos and his distinguished coauthors address the need for agriculture to feed a growing global population with a reduced environmental footprint while adapting to and mitigating the effects of changing climate. The authors expand the customary discussion of innovation in terms of supply driven R&D to focus on the returns to investors and most importantly, the value to end-users. This is brought to life by exploring effective business models and many cases from agricultural systems across the globe. The focus on converting the results of innovation in R&D into adoption by farmers and other end-users is its greatest contribution. Many lessons from the book can be applied to private and public sectors across an array of agricultural systems. This book will be of enormous value to agri-business professionals, NGO leaders, agricultural and development researchers and those funding innovation and agriculture across the private and public sectors. Tony Cavalieri, Senior Program Officer, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Hugo Campos, Ph.D., MBA, has 20+ years of international corporate and development experience. His distinguished coauthors represent a rich collection of successful innovation practice in industry, consultancy, international development and academy, in both developed and developing countries.”
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Innovation/Technology Management ; Business and Management ; value creation ; business model ; agricultural innovation ; open innovation ; design thinking ; open access ; Agricultural science ; Research & development management ; Industrial applications of scientific research & technological innovation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV6 Research and development management
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    Building Better Interfaces for Remote Autonomous Systems (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This 'Open Access' SpringerBrief provides foundational knowledge for designing autonomous, asynchronous systems and explains aspects of users relevant to designing for these systems, introduces principles for user-centered design, and prepares readers for more advanced and specific readings. It provides context and the implications for design choices made during the design and development of the complex systems that are part of operation centers. As such, each chapter includes principles to summarize the design implication that engineers can use to inform their own design of interfaces for operation centers and similar systems. It includes example materials for the design of a fictitious system, which are referenced in the book and can be duplicated and extended for real systems. The design materials include a system overview, the system architecture, an example scenario, a stakeholder analysis, a task analysis, a description of the system and interface technology, and contextualized design guidelines. The guidelines can be specified because the user, the task, and the technology are well specified as an example. Building Better Interfaces for Remote Autonomous Systems is for working system engineers who are designing interfaces used in high throughput, high stake, operation centers (op centers) or control rooms, such as network operation centers (NOCs). Intended users will have a technical undergraduate degree (e.g., computer science) with little or no training in design, human sciences, or with human-centered iterative design methods and practices. Background research for the book was supplemented by interaction with the intended audience through a related project with L3Harris Technologies (formerly Harris Corporation).
    Keywords: User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction ; Software Engineering ; Autonomous Systems ; User-Centered Design ; Operation Centres ; Interface Technology ; Human-Centered Design ; Open Access ; User interface design & usability ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering
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    Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2022, which was held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in June 2022. XP is the premier agile software development conference combining research and practice. It is a unique forum where agile researchers, practitioners, thought leaders, coaches, and trainers get together to present and discuss their most recent innovations, research results, experiences, concerns, challenges, and trends.  XP conferences provide an informal environment to learn and trigger discussions and welcome both people new to agile and seasoned agile practitioners. This year’s conference was held with the theme “Agile in the Era of Hybrid Work”. The 13 full papers and 1 short paper presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: agile practices; agile processes; and agile in the large.
    Keywords: agile software development ; software creation and management ; Scrum ; lean software development ; process management ; test-driven development ; project and people management ; software development techniques ; risk management ; empirical software engineering ; software measurement ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture
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    Deployment and Operation of Complex Software in Heterogeneous Execution Environments (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book provides an overview of the work developed within the SODALITE project, which aims at facilitating the deployment and operation of distributed software on top of heterogeneous infrastructures, including cloud, HPC and edge resources. The experts participating in the project describe how SODALITE works and how it can be exploited by end users. While multiple languages and tools are available in the literature to support DevOps teams in the automation of deployment and operation steps, still these activities require specific know-how and skills that cannot be found in average teams. The SODALITE framework tackles this problem by offering modelling and smart editing features to allow those we call Application Ops Experts to work without knowing low level details about the adopted, potentially heterogeneous, infrastructures. The framework offers also mechanisms to verify the quality of the defined models, generate the corresponding executable infrastructural code, automatically wrap application components within proper execution containers, orchestrate all activities concerned with deployment and operation of all system components, and support on-the-fly self-adaptation and refactoring.
    Keywords: Heterogeneous Computing ; Cloud, Edge ; HPC ; IaC ; DevOps ; Semantic Reasoning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UL Operating systems
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    The Impact of Digital Technologies on Public Health in Developed and Developing Countries (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on String Processing and Information Retrieval, ICOST 2020, held in Hammamet, Tunisia, in June 2020.* The 17 full papers and 23 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 49 submissions. They cover topics such as: IoT and AI solutions for e-health; biomedical and health informatics; behavior and activity monitoring; behavior and activity monitoring; and wellbeing technology. *This conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Keywords: Computer Communication Networks ; Artificial Intelligence ; Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet) ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Computer System Implementation ; User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; open access ; artificial intelligence ; communication systems ; computer vision ; databases ; hci ; human-computer interaction ; image processing ; Internet of Things ; IoT ; machine learning ; network protocols ; sensors ; signal processing ; software architecture ; software design ; telecommunication networks ; telecommunication systems ; user interfaces ; wireless telecommunication systems ; Network hardware ; Artificial intelligence ; Information retrieval ; Internet searching ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Systems analysis & design ; User interface design & usability ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability
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    Brain-Inspired Computing (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes revised selected papers from the 4th International Workshop on Brain-Inspired Computing, BrainComp 2019, held in Cetraro, Italy, in July 2019. The 11 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this book. They deal with research on brain atlasing, multi-scale models and simulation, HPC and data infra-structures for neuroscience as well as artificial and natural neural architectures.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence ; communication systems ; computer hardware ; computer networks ; computer programming ; computer systems ; computer vision ; deep learning ; distributed computer systems ; image analysis ; image processing ; machine learning ; network protocols ; neural networks ; signal processing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQV Computer vision ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications
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    Mobile Edge Computing (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This is an open access book. It offers comprehensive, self-contained knowledge on Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), which is a very promising technology for achieving intelligence in the next-generation wireless communications and computing networks. The book starts with the basic concepts, key techniques and network architectures of MEC. Then, we present the wide applications of MEC, including edge caching, 6G networks, Internet of Vehicles, and UAVs. In the last part, we present new opportunities when MEC meets blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, and distributed machine learning (e.g., federated learning). We also identify the emerging applications of MEC in pandemic, industrial Internet of Things and disaster management. The book allows an easy cross-reference owing to the broad coverage on both the principle and applications of MEC. The book is written for people interested in communications and computer networks at all levels. The primary audience includes senior undergraduates, postgraduates, educators, scientists, researchers, developers, engineers, innovators and research strategists.
    Keywords: Open Access ; mobile edge computing ; 5G beyond ; 6G ; edge caching ; Internet of Things ; UAV ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMS Mobile and handheld device programming / Apps programming ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications::TJKW WAP (wireless) technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
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    Cyber Security (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th China Annual Conference on Cyber Security, CNCERT 2022, held in Beijing, China, in August 2022. The 17 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 64 submissions. The papers are organized according to the following topical sections: ​​data security; anomaly detection; cryptocurrency; information security; vulnerabilities; mobile internet; threat intelligence; text recognition.
    Keywords: application service layer ; artificial intelligence ; communication systems ; computer crime ; computer networks ; computer security ; computer systems ; cryptography ; cyber security ; data communication systems ; data security ; databases ; machine learning ; network protocols ; network security ; privacy ; signal processing ; telecommunication networks ; telecommunication systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UR Computer security ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBL Digital and information technologies: Legal aspects ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTN Network security
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    Foundations of Multi-Paradigm Modelling for Cyber-Physical Systems (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book coherently gathers well-founded information on the fundamentals of and formalisms for modelling cyber-physical systems (CPS). Highlighting the cross-disciplinary nature of CPS modelling, it also serves as a bridge for anyone entering CPS from related areas of computer science or engineering. Truly complex, engineered systems—known as cyber-physical systems—that integrate physical, software, and network aspects are now on the rise. However, there is no unifying theory nor systematic design methods, techniques or tools for these systems. Individual (mechanical, electrical, network or software) engineering disciplines only offer partial solutions. A technique known as Multi-Paradigm Modelling has recently emerged suggesting to model every part and aspect of a system explicitly, at the most appropriate level(s) of abstraction, using the most appropriate modelling formalism(s), and then weaving the results together to form a representation of the system. If properly applied, it enables, among other global aspects, performance analysis, exhaustive simulation, and verification. This book is the first systematic attempt to bring together these formalisms for anyone starting in the field of CPS who seeks solid modelling foundations and a comprehensive introduction to the distinct existing techniques that are multi-paradigmatic. Though chiefly intended for master and post-graduate level students in computer science and engineering, it can also be used as a reference text for practitioners.
    Keywords: Software Engineering ; Cyber-physical systems, IoT ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Computer Applications ; Computer-Aided Engineering (CAD, CAE) and Design ; Open Access ; Embedded and cyber-physical systems ; Software design engineering ; Model-driven software engineering ; Modelica ; Performance Analysis ; Design Languages ; System Description Languages ; System and Modeling ; DEVS ; Statecharts ; Petri Nets ; Multi-Paradigm Modeling ; AADL ; Concurrency Modeling ; Electrical engineering ; Cybernetics & systems theory ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Information technology: general issues ; Computer-aided design (CAD) ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UG Graphical and digital media applications::UGC Computer-aided design (CAD)
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    Knowledge Graphs and Big Data Processing (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book is part of the LAMBDA Project (Learning, Applying, Multiplying Big Data Analytics), funded by the European Union, GA No. 809965. Data Analytics involves applying algorithmic processes to derive insights. Nowadays it is used in many industries to allow organizations and companies to make better decisions as well as to verify or disprove existing theories or models. The term data analytics is often used interchangeably with intelligence, statistics, reasoning, data mining, knowledge discovery, and others. The goal of this book is to introduce some of the definitions, methods, tools, frameworks, and solutions for big data processing, starting from the process of information extraction and knowledge representation, via knowledge processing and analytics to visualization, sense-making, and practical applications. Each chapter in this book addresses some pertinent aspect of the data processing chain, with a specific focus on understanding Enterprise Knowledge Graphs, Semantic Big Data Architectures, and Smart Data Analytics solutions. This book is addressed to graduate students from technical disciplines, to professional audiences following continuous education short courses, and to researchers from diverse areas following self-study courses. Basic skills in computer science, mathematics, and statistics are required.
    Keywords: Database Management ; Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet) ; Logic in AI ; Computer Appl. in Administrative Data Processing ; Business Information Systems ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; Computer Application in Administrative Data Processing ; artificial intelligence ; big data ; data analytics ; data handling ; data integration ; data mining ; databases ; digital storage ; domain knowledge ; graph theory ; information management ; information technology ; integrated data ; internet ; knowledge management ; knowledge-based system ; ontologies ; semantics ; Databases ; Database programming ; Information retrieval ; Internet searching ; Artificial intelligence ; Public administration ; Information technology: general issues ; Business mathematics & systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems
    Language: English
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    Computer Aided Verification (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The open access two-volume set LNCS 12224 and 12225 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 32st International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2020, held in Los Angeles, CA, USA, in July 2020.* The 43 full papers presented together with 18 tool papers and 4 case studies, were carefully reviewed and selected from 240 submissions. The papers were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: AI verification; blockchain and Security; Concurrency; hardware verification and decision procedures; and hybrid and dynamic systems. Part II: model checking; software verification; stochastic systems; and synthesis. *The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Keywords: Software Engineering ; Theory of Computation ; Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Computer Hardware ; Simulation and Modeling ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; Computer Science ; architecture verification and validation ; artificial intelligence ; automata theory ; computer systems ; correlation analysis ; distributed computer systems ; embedded systems ; formal languages ; formal logic ; linguistics ; model checking ; programming languages ; semantics ; software architecture ; software design ; software quality ; verification and validation ; Open Access ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer networking & communications ; Computer hardware ; Computer modelling & simulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation
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    Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computational Structures, FOSSACS 2021, which was held during March 27 until April 1, 2021, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg and changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 28 regular papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 88 submissions. They deal with research on theories and methods to support the analysis, integration, synthesis, transformation, and verification of programs and software systems.
    Keywords: Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages ; Theory of Computation ; Natural Language Processing (NLP) ; Database Management ; Programming Techniques ; Formal Languages and Automata Theory ; automata theory ; databases ; formal languages ; formal logic ; computational linguistics ; open access ; semantics ; categorical models and logics ; language theory, automata, and games ; modal, spatial, and temporal logics ; type theory and proof theory ; concurrency theory and process calculi ; rewriting theory ; logical foundations of data bases ; models of software security ; logical aspects of computation complexity ; logics of programming ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Computer science ; Natural language & machine translation ; Database programming ; Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering
    Language: English
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    Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, FASE 2021, which took place during March 27–April 1, 2021, and was held as part of the Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg but changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 16 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 submissions. The book also contains 4 Test-Comp contributions.
    Keywords: Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems ; Data Structures and Information Theory ; Natural Language Processing (NLP) ; Programming Techniques ; Theory of Computation ; Software Engineering ; architecture verification and validation ; artificial intelligence ; embedded systems ; empirical software validation ; formal logic ; formal methods ; model checking ; model-driven software engineering ; object-oriented programming ; parallel processing systems ; program analysis ; program compilers ; signal processing ; software architecture ; software performance ; software selection and adaptation ; software testing and debugging ; telecommunication systems ; verification ; Operating systems ; Algorithms & data structures ; Information theory ; Natural language & machine translation ; Computer programming / software engineering ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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    Agricultural Development in Asia and Africa (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This Open Access book explores the multifaceted nature of agricultural and rural development in Asia and examines the extent to which the Asian experience is being replicated in contemporary Africa. This volume compiles the works of top scholars who provided analyses and evidences from household-level surveys collected for many years in several parts of Asia and Africa. The most important finding presented in this book is that African agricultural development has evolved following the pathways of Asian agricultural development. The common pathways are borrowed technology from abroad and adaptive research in rice farming; secured property rights on natural resources; adoption of ICTs; investments in human capital, including training; and launching of the high-value agriculture. In both continents, agricultural development started in the crop sector, which had a strong tendency to induce the dynamic development of other sectors in rural areas.
    Keywords: Agricultural development ; Rural development ; Green Revolution ; Sustainable agriculture ; Agricultural technology ; Rice farming ; Keijiro Otsuka Festschrift ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies
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    Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2020, which was planned to be held during June 8-12, 2020, at the IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was postponed until an undetermined date. XP is the premier agile software development conference combining research and practice. It is a hybrid forum where agile researchers, academics, practitioners, thought leaders, coaches, and trainers get together to present and discuss their most recent innovations, research results, experiences, concerns, challenges, and trends. Following this history, for both researchers and seasoned practitioners XP 2020 provided an informal environment to network, share, and discover trends in Agile for the next 20 years. The 14 full and 2 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 37 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: agile adoption; agile practices; large-scale agile; the business of agile; and agile and testing.
    Keywords: Software Engineering ; IT in Business ; Management of Computing and Information Systems ; IT Operations ; Agile software development ; Software creation and management ; Scrum ; Lean software development ; Process management ; open access ; Test-driven development ; Project and people management ; Software development techniques ; Risk management ; Business mathematics & systems ; Business applications ; Information architecture ; Maintenance & repairs ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture
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